Lexvo - códigos de língua ISO 639-3
Lexvo - ISO 639-3 language codes
Ghotuo (also Otwa, Otuo) is an Edoid language spoken in Edo State, mostly in the Owan and Akoko-Edo areas of Edo state, Nigeria.
Ghotuo
Ghotuo language
Language
Língua
Código ISO 639-3
ISO 639-3 code
Wanggom
Alumu (Alumu–Akpondu, Alumu–Tesu) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by approximately 7000 people in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. It has lost the nominal affix system characteristic of the Niger–Congo family.
Alumu-Tesu
Alumu language
The Ari language is a Papuan language of the Trans–New Guinea family. As of the 2000 census there were only 50 Ari speakers, living in two villages.
Ari
Ari language
Amal is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Amal
Idioma amal
Amal language
Arbëreshë, also known as Arbërisht, is an ethnolect spoken by the Arbëreshë, the group of Albanian-speaking minorities in Italy.
Arbëresh language
Arbërisht
Dialecto arbëreshë
Lingua arbëreshë
Albanian, Arbëreshë
Arbëreshë Albanian
Zan Gula
Aranadan is a Dravidian language spoken by approximately 200 people, predominantly in the Malappuram District of Kerala state, India. It is similar to Malayalam and Tamil, and also contains elements of the Kannada language. It is also known as Aranatan and Eranadans.
Aranadan
Aranadan language
Ndzwani Comorian
Comorian, Ndzwani
Ambrak is a Torricelli language spoken in the Nuku District of the Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea. According to the 2000 census, there are approximately 290 speakers.
Ambrak
Ambrak language
Abu' Arapesh
Arapesh, Abu'
Arifama-Miniafia
Ankave or Angave is a Papuan language spoken by the approximately 1,600 Angave people in Kereme District, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea.
Ankave
Ankave language
Afade is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Nigeria and northwestern Cameroon.
Afade
Afade language
Aramanik (Laramanik) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in the Arusha Region of Tanzania by 3,000 people. It is the primary language of the hunter-gatherer Aramanik, who have limited comprehension of other languages. The Aramanik are also called derogatory Dorobo (Ndorobo).
Aramanik
Aramanik language
Anambé is a possibly extinct Tupi language spoken in Pará, on the Cairari River in Brazil. It is being supplanted by Portuguese and is considered an endangered language.
Anambé
Anambé language
Algerian Saharan Arabic (also known as Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic) is a structurally distinct variety of Arabic spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Algeria, predominantly along the Moroccan border with the Atlas mountains range. It is also spoken by about 10,000 people in neighbouring Niger.
Arabe saharien
Saharan Arabic
Árabe sahariano
Algerian Saharan Arabic
Arabic, Algerian Saharan
The Wanukaka language is an Bima–Sumba language spoken in Indonesia. It has about 10 000 native speakers mainly on the island of Sumba. The language has two main dialects.
Wanukaka
Wanukaka language
Pará Arára
Arára, Pará
Eastern Abnaki is an extinct language once spoken by the Penobscot in the coastal area of the state of Maine, United States. The last known speaker died in the 1990s in Penobscot, Maine.
Eastern Abnaki
Abnaki, Eastern
Eastern Abnaki language
Afar is a Lowland East Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. It is believed to have 1.5 million speakers, the Afar. The basic word order in Afar, like in other East Cushitic languages, is subject–object–verb. Its speakers have a literacy rate of between one and three per cent. Its closest relative is the Saho language.
Afar
afar
Afar language
Idioma afar
Lingua afar
Língua afar
Código ISO 639-1
ISO 639-1 code
Código bibliográfico ISO 639-2
ISO 639-2 Bibliographical code
Código terminológico ISO 639-2
ISO 639-2 Terminological code
The Asa language, Aasáx (also Asax, Asá, Aasá, Assa, Asak) was apparently a Cushitic language spoken by the Assa people in Tanzania. The language is extinct; ethnic Assa in northern Tanzania remember only a few words they overheard their elders use. Little is known of the language, and it is not clear it was entirely Cushitic, or if it retained a non-Cushitic layer from language shift. Perhaps most closely related to Kw'adza.
Aasax
Aasáx
Asa language
Arvanitika also known Arvanitic (Arvanitika: αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ arbërisht, Greek: αρβανίτικα arvanitika) is the variety of Albanian traditionally spoken by the Arvanites, a population group in Greece. Arvanitika is today an endangered language, as its speakers have been shifting to the use of Greek and most younger members of the community no longer speak it.
Arvanitico
Arvanitika
Língua arvanitica
Albanian, Arvanitika
Arvanitika Albanian
Abau is a Papuan language spoken in the Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, primarily along the shores of the Sepik River.
Abau
Abau language
Solong
Mandobo Atas
Amarasi
Abé (also spelled Abbé, Abbey, Abi) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken in Côte d'Ivoire.
Abé
Abé language
Zaza
zazaki
zaza
Dimili
Dimli
Dimli (macrolanguage)
Kirdki
Kirmanjki
Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)
Zazaki
Bankon (Abo, Abaw, Bo, Bon) is a Bantu language spoken in the Moungo department of the Littoral Province of southwestern Cameroon. It has a lexical similarity of 86% with Rombi which is spoken in the nearby Meme department of Southwest Province.
Bankon
Bankon language
Wanggamala
Ambala is a Sambalic language spoken in the Philippines. It has more than 2,000 speakers (Ramos 2004) and is spoken within Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Subic, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the city of Olongapo; and in Dinalupihan, Bataan.
Ambala Ayta
Ambala language
Ayta, Ambala
Manide
Western Abnaki (also known as Abenaki or St. Francis Abenaki) is one of the World's most endangered languages. In 1991 it was spoken by 20 individuals along the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, who lived mostly at Odanak, the site of the former mission village of St. Francis and about 50 individuals living throughout New York state and Connecticut. It is now considered nearly extinct. However, a new generation of speakers are actively preserving and revitalizing the language. Fluent speakers Joseph Elie Joubert from the Odanak reservation and fluent speaker Jesse Bowman Bruchac lead partial immersion classes in the language across the northeast. They have also created several new books in and about the language as well as audio, video and web-based media to help others learn the language.
Western Abnaki
Westliche Abenaki
Abnaki, Western
Western Abnaki language
Abai Sungai
Abaga is a nearly extinct Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It had once been classified as Finisterre.
Abaga
Abaga language
Tajiki Arabic (also known as Jugari, Bukhara Arabic, Buxara Arabic, Tajiji Arabic, Balkh Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by a few thousand people in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Language use is declining. There is no diglossia with Standard Arabic. It is a variety of Central Asian Arabic.
Tajiki Arabic
Arabic, Tajiki
Zande is an Ubangian language spoken by the Azande, primarily in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western South Sudan, but also in the eastern part of the Central African Republic.
Azande
Zande
Zandé
Língua zande
Zande (individual language)
Zande language
Abidji (Abiji) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken in Ivory Coast.
Abidji
Abidschi
Lingua abidji
Abidji language
Wunumara
The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the northern and western coast of South Andaman.
Aka-Bea
Idioma bea
Aka-Bea language
Abkhaz (Аҧсуа бызшәа) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mainly by the Abkhaz people. It is the official language of Abkhazia where around 100,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan and several Western countries. Russia has 9447 Abkhaz speakers, according to the 2002 census.
Abchasisch
Abkhazian
abcázio
abjasio
abkhaze
abkhazian
Abchasische Sprache
Abkhaz language
Abkhaze
Idioma abjasio
Lingua abcasa
Língua abecásia
Lampung Nyo
Abanyom is a language of the Ekoid subfamily of Niger–Congo. It is spoken by the Abanyom people in the Cross River State region of Nigeria, numbering about 12,500 people in 1986. A member of the Southern Bantoid group, Abanyom is fairly closely related to the Bantu languages. It is tonal and has a typical Niger–Congo noun class system.
Abanyom
Abanyom language
Abua (Abuan) is a Central Delta language of Nigeria.
Abua
Lingua abua
Abua language
Wano
Abon
Abellen, Abenlen, or Aburlin is a Sambalic language. It has about 3,500 speakers (Stone 2005) and is spoken within an Aeta community in the province of Tarlac in the Philippines.
Abellen Ayta
Abellen language
Ayta, Abellen
The Abaza language (Абаза Бызшва, Abaza Byzšwa) is a language of the Caucasus mountains in the Russian Karachay–Cherkess Republic by the Abazins. It consists of two dialects, the Ashkherewa dialect and the Tapanta dialect, which is the literary standard.
Abasinische Sprache
Abaza
Idioma abaza
Lingua abazina
Língua abaza
Abaza language
Abron or Bono is the language of the Abron people and a major dialect of the Akan language of southern Ghana. It is spoken by 1,050,000 in southwestern Ghana (2003), as well as 131,700 in eastern Côte d'Ivoire in the departments of Tanda and Bondoukou. Alternative or former names include Brong, Bron, Doma, and Gyaman.
Abron
Língua abron
Abron dialect
Ambonese Malay
Malay, Ambonese
Abelam is the most populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
Ambulas
Abelam language
Abure (Aboulé), also known as Abonwa or Akaplass, is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger–Congo) spoken near Abidjan in Ivory Coast.
Abouré
Abure
Abure language
Wanap or Kayik is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Wanap
Wanap language
Baharna Arabic also known as Bahrani and Bahrani Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Bahranis of Bahrain and some parts of Saudi Eastern Province, and also in Oman.
Bahrani Arabic
Arabic, Baharna
Baharna Arabic
Pal is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Pal
Pal language
The Inabaknon language, also known as the Abaknon language or the Capul language (according to the Summer Institute of Linguistics' Ethnologue, alternative names for this language include: Abaknon, Abaknon Sama, Capul, Capuleño, Kapul, Sama) is a language primarily spoken in the island-municipality of Capul, Northern Samar in the Eastern Visayas region of the Visayas area in the country of the Philippines.
Abaknon
Inabaknon
Abaknon language
Aneme Wake
Abui is a language of the Alor Archipelago. It belongs to the Trans–New Guinea family spoken approximately by 16,000 speakers in the central part of the Alor Island in Eastern Indonesia, East Nusa Tenggara province. The native name is Abui tanga which literally translates as mountain language.
Abui
Abui language
Achagua (Achawa) is a language spoken in the Meta Department of Colombia, similar to Piapoco. It is estimated that 400 individuals speak the language, most or all of whom are trilingual in Piapoco and Spanish.
Achagua
Achawa language
Áncá
Gikyode
Acehnese (also Achinese, Achehnese) or Aceh (formerly Atjeh) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by Acehnese people natively in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. This language also spoken in some parts in Malaysia by Acehnese descendents there, such as in Yan, Kedah.
Aceh-Sprache
Achinese
accinese
aceh
acehnés
achém
Aceh
Acehnese language
Achinesische Sprache
Idioma achenés
Lingua aceh
Língua achém
French Creole is a creole French which is the generally spoken language in Saint Lucia.
Créole sainte-lucien
Saint Lucian Creole French
Creole French, Saint Lucian
Acholi (also Acoli, Akoli, Acooli, Atscholi, Shuli, Gang, Lwoo, Lwo, Lok Acoli, Dok Acoli) is a language primarily spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader, a region known as Acholiland in northern Uganda. Acholi is also spoken in the southern part of the Opari District of South Sudan. As of 1996 there were reported approximately 773,800 Acholi speakers in the world. However this has gradually grown to over 800,000. Song of Lawino and its sequel, Song of Ocol, well known among African literature, were written in Acholi by Okot p'Bitek.
Acholi
Acoli
acioli
acoli
Acholi language
Acholi-Sprache
Língua acholi
Usan (Wanuma) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Usan
Usan language
The Cari language, Aka-Cari (also known as Chariar), is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken on the north coast of North Andaman and on Landfall and other nearby small islands.
Aka-Cari
Aka-Cari language
The Kora language, Aka-Kora, is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken on the northeast and north central coasts of North Andaman and on Smith Island.
Aka-Kora
Idioma kora
Aka-Kora language
The Bale language, Akar-Bale (also Balwa), is an extinct Southern Great Andamanese language once spoken in the Andaman Islands in Ritchie's Archipelago, Havelock Island, and Neill Island.
Akar-Bale
Akar-Bale language
Iraqi Arabic (also known as Mesopotamian Arabic) is a continuum of mutually intelligible Arabic varieties native to the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq as well as spanning into eastern and northern Syria, western Iran, and spoken in respective Iraqi diaspora communities.
Irakisch-Arabisch
Iraqi Arabic
Árabe iraquiano
Arabic, Mesopotamian
Mesopotamian Arabic
The Achang language is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Achang ( Maingtha) in China.
Achang
Achang language
Eastern Acipa
Acipa, Eastern
Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic (also known as South Yemeni Arabic) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south Yemen and Djibouti. It is a variety of Yemeni Arabic.
Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
Arabic, Ta'izzi-Adeni
Achi’ (Achí in Spanish) is a Mayan language very closely related to Kiche (Quiché in the older orthography). It is spoken by the Achi people, primarily in the department of Baja Verapaz in Guatemala.
Achi
Achí-Sprache
Idioma achí
Língua achi
Achi’ language
Acroá
Achterhooks (, ) is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect.
Achterhoeks
Achterhooks
Shiwiar, also known as Achuar, Jivaro, Maina, is a Jivaroan language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador.
Achuar
Achuar-Shiwiar
Shiwiar language
Wintu
The Achumawi language (also Achomawi or Pit River language) is the native language spoken by the Pit River people of present-day California. The term Achumawi is an anglicization of the name of the Fall River band, ajúmmááwí, from ajúmmá "river". Originally there were nine bands, with dialect differences among them but primarily between upriver and downriver dialects, demarcated by the Big Valley mountains east of the Fall River valley.
Achumawi
Achumawi language
Hejazi Arabic (also known as Hijazi Arabic [ISO 639-3], West Arabian Arabic) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Although, strictly speaking, there are two distinct dialects spoken in the Hejaz region, one by the bedouin and rural tribes, and another by the urban population, the term most often applies to the urban variety, spoken in cities such as Jeddah, Mecca, Yanbu, and Medina. Outside of Arabia, Urban Hejazi appears to be most closely related to the Arabic dialects of Northern Sudan and Upper Egypt (Ingham 1971).
Hijazi Arabic
Árabe hiyazí
Arabic, Hijazi
Hejazi Arabic
Omani Arabic (also known as Omani Hadari Arabic) is a variety of Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in the Hajar Mountains of Oman and in a few neighboring coastal regions. It was formerly spoken by colonists in Kenya and Tanzania, but most or all of them have shifted to Swahili.
Omani Arabic
Arabic, Omani
Cypriot Arabic, known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus. Most speakers are situated in the capital, Nicosia, while others are located in Kormakitis and Limassol. The majority of speakers are over 30 years of age, as many in the younger generations only speak Cypriot Greek, partially because of intermarriage with ethnic Greek Cypriots. The language was first introduced to the island by Maronites fleeing Syria and Lebanon in the 8th century.
Cypriot Arabic
Zyprisches Arabisch
Arabic, Cypriot
Cypriot Maronite Arabic
Acheron (Asheron) is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan.
Acheron
Acheron language
Wanyi
Adangme (also called Dangme), is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by 800,000 people. Some sources list Adangbe as another name for the same language whereas lists it as a different language in the Kwa family, and it has a separate ISO 639-3 code of adq.
Adangme
Dangme
adangme
Adangme language
Adabe is a Papuan language spoken by the Adabe people on Atauro Island, East Timor. It has also been known as Ataura (Atauru, Atauro) and Raklu-Un (Raklu Un).
Adabe
Adabe language
Dzodinka
The Adele language is spoken in central eastern Ghana and central western Togo. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. The speakers themselves call the language Gidire.
Adele
Idioma adele
Língua adele
Adele language
Dhofari Arabic (also known as Dhofari, Zofari) is a variety of Arabic spoken in Salalah, Oman and the surrounding coastal regions (Dhofar).
Dhofari Arabic
Arabic, Dhofari
The Andegerebinha language, also known as Andigibinha and Antekerrepinhe, is an aboriginal language of the Northwest Territory of Australia spoken around the Hay River, Pituri Creek area according to Ethnologue. It was spoken by only ten individuals as of 1981, so it may now be extinct.
Andegerebinha
Andegerebinha language
The Adhola language, also known as japadhola and Ludama, is the language of the Adhola people ( Jopadhola or Badama) of Uganda. Dhopadhola is generally mutually intelligible with Acholi, Lango, Kumam, and Alur of Uganda and Dholuo of Kenya.
Adhola
Adhola language
Tyaraity
Adi, or Abor, is a small Tibetan–Burman language of India. The various dialects in the box at right, and perhaps a few more, may be distinct languages.
Adi
Adi language
Adjukru (Adioukrou, Adyoukrou, Adyukru, Ajukru) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken in Ivory Coast.
Adioukrou
Adiukru
Adjoukrou
Adjukru language
The Gallong or Galo language is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Tani group, spoken by the Galo people. Its precise position within Tani is not yet certain, due primarily to its central location in the Tani area and the strong effects of intra-Tani contacts on the development of Tani languages. It is an endangered language according to the normal definitions, although prospects for its survival are better than most similarly-placed languages in the world. The major Galo dialects are Pugo, spoken around the district capital Aalo, Lare, spoken to the south of Aaloo, and a dialect provisionally describable as "North-Western", spoken in the North-West near the Tagin area. There may be additional Galo dialects further to the North, which remains largely un-researched. Subdialects are numerous, and often correspond to regional or clan groupings. Neighbouring languages include Assamese, Nepali, Bodo, Mising, Minyong, Hills Miri, Tagin, Nishi, Bori, Pailibo, Ramo and Bokar.
Galo
Gallong language
The Adang language is spoken on the island of Alor in Indonesia. According to Ethnologue the language has 31,814 speakers . The language is agglutinative
Adang
Adang language
Adjora (Adjoria, Azao) Abu is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Abu
Adjora language
Adap
Adangbe
Wobé (Ouobe) is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast. It is one of several languages in a dialect continuum called Wèè (Wɛɛ).
Wè Northern
Wobé language
Adonara
Adamorobe Sign Language (AdaSL) is an indigenous sign language used in Adamorobe, an Akan village in eastern Ghana. It is used by about 30 deaf and 1370 hearing people.”. Ethnologue reports a total of 3,400 signers, including hearing users, but a recent census mentions a total of 1400 inhabitants.
Adamorobe Sign Language
Adamorobe-Gebärdensprache
Lengua de señas adamorobe
Língua Gestual de Adamorobe
Adnyamathanha (many other names; see below) is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language. It is the traditional language of the Adnyamathanha people.
Adnyamathanha
Adnyamathanha language
Aduge
Amundava
The Amdo language (; also called Am kä) is the spoken language of the majority of the people of Amdo in northeastern Tibet, in Chinese states of Qinghai and some parts of Sichuan (Aba) and Gansu (Ganlho). It is one of the four main spoken languages of Tibetan, the other three being Standard Tibetan (ü ke) Kham (kham ke) and Ladakhi (tö ke). All four main languages of Tibetan share a common written script but their spoken pronunciations, vocabularies and grammars are different. These differences may have emerged due to geographical isolation of the regions of Tibet. Unlike Khams language and standard Tibetan, Amdo language is not tonal. It retains many word-initial consonant clusters which have been lost in Central Tibetan.
Amdo Tibetan
Amdo Tibetan language
Tibetan, Amdo
Adyghe language (, adygabze, , adəgăbză adâgăbză), also known as West Circassian (see: Circassian language), is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedug; Hatukuay, Kemirgoy, Makhosh; Natekuay, Shapsug; Zhane, Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect. The language is referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively spelled in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei.
Adygeisch
Adyghe
adigeo
adigue
adyghe
adyghé
Adygei
Adygeische Sprache
Adyghe language
Adyguéen
Idioma adigué
Lingua adighè
Língua adigue
adyghéen
Adzera
Areba
Tunisian Arabic (locally: or derja) is a Maghrebi dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 11 million people. It is usually known by its own speakers as Derja, which means dialect, to distinguish it from Standard Arabic, or as Tunsi, which means Tunisian. It is spoken all over Tunisia, and merges, as part of a dialect continuum, into similar varieties in eastern Algeria and western Libya. Its morphology, syntax, pronunciation and vocabulary are quite different from Standard or Classical Arabic. Tunisian Arabic, like other Maghrebi dialects, has a vocabulary mostly Arabic, with significant Berber substrates, and many words and loanwords borrowed from Berber, French, Turkish, Italian and Spanish. Derja is mutually spoken and understood in the Maghreb countries, especially Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, but hard to understand for orientals.
Tunisian Arabic
Arabic, Tunisian
Sa`idi Arabic (, locally: , ; also known as Saidi Arabic ) is the variety of Arabic spoken by Sa'idis south of Cairo, Egypt to the border of Sudan. It shares linguistic features both with Egyptian Arabic, as well as Sudanese Arabic. Dialects include Middle and Upper Egyptian Arabic. Speakers of Egyptian Arabic do not always understand more conservative varieties of Sa`idi Arabic.
Saidi Arabic
Arabic, Saidi
Sa'idi Arabic
Wogeo
Argentine Sign Language is used in Argentina. Deaf people attend separate schools, and use local sign languages out of class. A manual alphabet for spelling Spanish has been developed. Sign language is usually banned in the classroom, due to the belief that allowing deaf children to sign would hinder their ability to communicate with hearing people.
Argentine Sign Language
Lengua de señas argentina
Língua gestual argentina
Northeast Pashayi
Pashayi, Northeast
Haeke
Ambele is a divergent, apparently Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Ambele
Ambele language
Arem is an endangered language spoken in a small area on either side of the Laos-Vietnam border. In 1996 there were estimated to be about twenty speakers in each country. It is therefore on the verge of extinction. Its nearest relative may be the Chut language of Vietnam.
Arem
Arem language
Armenian Sign Language, also known as Caucasian Sign Language, is the indigenous sign language of Armenia. It is not directly related to the sign languages of Europe, though it may have historical connections to monastic sign language. It developed under marriage speech taboos similar to those operating in Aboriginal Australia (see Aboriginal Australian sign languages). It is not clear if it is used by the deaf community, or if they have their own sign language.
Armenian Sign Language
Língua gestual armeniana
Aer
Wolani
Eastern Arrernte
Arrernte, Eastern
Alsea or Alsean (also Yakonan) was two closely related speech varieties spoken along the central Oregon coast. They are sometimes taken to be different languages, but it is difficult to be sure given the poor state of attestation; Mithun (1999) believes they were probably dialects of a single language.
Alsea
Alséa
Lenguas alseanas
Alsea language
Akeu
Ambakich
Amele (Amale) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Huar, Jagahala, Haija.
Amele
Amele language
Aeka
Gulf Arabic (also known as Khaliji, al-lahja al-khalijiya اللهجة الخليجية) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken around the shore of the Persian Gulf such as in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Some notable characteristics that set it apart from other Arabian dialects are the presence of Persian loanwords and a pronunciation of k as ch (kalb "dog," read as chalb); q as g (daqiqa "minute," read as dagiga); and, in some instances, the pronunciation j as y (jeeb "bring" (masc), read as yeeb).
Arabe du Golfe
Gulf Arabic
Arabic, Gulf
Woleaian is the main language of the island of Woleai and surrounding smaller islands in the state of Yap of the Federated States of Micronesia. Woleaian is a Trukic language, and within that family its closest relative is Satawalese, with which it is largely mutually intelligible. Woleaian is divided into two dialects: Woleaian proper and Lamotrek. There are approximately 1700 speakers of Woleaian.
Woleaianische Sprache
Woleai
Woleaian
Woleaiano
Woleaian language
Andai (Meakambut, Pundungum, Wangkai) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Andai
Andai language
Putukwam
Afghan Sign Language
Afrihili (Ni Afrihili Oluga the Afrihili language) is a constructed language designed in 1970 by Ghanaian historian K. A. Kumi Attobrah (Kumi Atɔbra) to be used as a lingua franca in all of Africa. The name of the language is a combination of Africa and Swahili. The author, a native of Akrokerri (Akrokɛri) in Ghana, originally conceived of the idea in 1967 while on a sea voyage from Dover to Calais. His intention was that "it would promote unity and understanding among the different peoples of the continent, reduce costs in printing due to translations and promote trade". It is meant to be easy for Africans to learn.
Afrihili
afrihili
Akrukay
Nanubae (Kapagmai, Aunda) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Nanubae
Nanubae language
The Defaka language is an Ijoid branch of the Niger–Congo languages, spoken in Nigeria. It is an endangered language.
Defaka
Defaka language
Eloyi is a poorly attested Plateau language of uncertain classification. Ethnologue classifies it as Idomoid based on a proposal by Armstrong (1955, 1983), but that identification was based on a single word list and Armstrong later expressed doubts. All other preliminary accounts classify it as Plateau, and Blench (2008) leaves it as a separate branch of Plateau.
Eloyi
Eloyi language
Tapei
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken natively in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent in Botswana and Zimbabwe. It developed from 17th century Dutch dialects, and was previously referred to as "Cape Dutch" (a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers). Although Afrikaans adopted words from languages such as Malay, Portuguese, the Bantu languages, and the Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95 percent of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin. Therefore, differences with Dutch often lie in a more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling of Afrikaans. There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages—especially in written form—although it is easier for Dutch-speakers to understand Afrikaans than the other way around.
Afrikaans
Afrikáans
afrikaans
Lingua afrikaans
Língua africâner
africâner
Afro-Seminole Creole is an English-based creole spoken by Black Seminoles in scattered communities in Oklahoma, Texas, and Northern Mexico. It was first identified as a language by Ian Hancock, a linguist at the University of Texas.
Afro-Seminole Creole
Afro-Seminolisches Kreol
Creole, Afro-Seminole
Dinik, also known as Afitti (Ditti, Unietti), is an East Sudanic language spoken in the Nuba Mountains.
Afitti
Afitti language
Awutu is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana.
Awutu
Efutu language
Obokuitai
Gambian Wolof
Wolof, Gambian
Aguano is a possible extinct language of Peru. It is not listed in Kaufman (1994). Ruhlen (1987) says it's the same language as Chamicuro, but Chamicuro speakers say that the Aguano language was not the same as theirs, but rather that the Aguano people spoke Quechua (Wise 1987).
Aguano
Idioma aguano
Aguano language
The Gbo language, known as Legbo or after the people as Agbo, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Legbo
Gbo language
Agatu
Agarabi, also called Bare, is a Kainantu language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Agarabi
Agarabi language
Angal
Arguni
Angor (Anggor) Senagi is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea.
Angor
Angor language
Ngelima, or Angba (Leangba), is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The four dialects (Beo, Buru (Boro), Tungu, Hanga) are quite distinct, and may be separate languages.
Ngelima
Ngelima language
Wogamusin is a Papuan language spoken by about 700 people in four villages in the Ambunti District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.
Wogamusin
Wogamusin language
The Agariya language is spoken by the Agariya people, especially in Madhya Pradesh in India. It is a Munda language.
Agariya
Agariya language
Argobba is an Ethiopian Semitic spoken in an area north-east of Addis Ababa by the Argobba people. It belongs to the South Ethiopian Semitic subgroup together with Amharic and the Gurage languages. Writing in the mid-1960s, Edward Ullendorff noted that it "is disappearing rapidly in favour of Amharic, and only a few hundred elderly people are still able to speak it."
Argobba
Língua argobba
Argobba language
Isarog Agta
Agta, Isarog
Fembe
Angaatiha (Angaatiya, Angaataha) is the most divergent of the Angan languages of Papua New Guinea. Langimar.
Angaataha
Angaataha language
The Agutaynen language is spoken on Agutaya Island in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.
Agutaynen
Agutaynen language
Tainae
Aghem is a Bantoid language spoken in the Wum Central Sub-division in Menchum Division of the North West Region of Cameroon in the continent of Africa. Aghem is a tribe consisting of over 60 matrilineal clans and intramarriage is forbidden among the matriclans.
Aghem
aghem
Aghem language
Aguaruna is an indigenous American language of the Jivaroan family spoken by about 45,000 Aguaruna people in Peru. The speakers live along the western portion of the Marañón River and also along the Potro, Mayo, and Cahuapanas rivers. Native speakers currently prefer the name Awajún. According to the Ethnologue there are almost no monolingual speakers; nearly all also speak Spanish. The school system begins with Aguaruna only; as the students progress, Spanish is gradually added. There is a positive outlook and connotation in regard to bilingualism. 60 to 100% are literate and 50 to 75% are literate in Spanish. Huambisa and Achuar-Siwiar are closely related languages. A modest dictionary of the language has been published.
Aguaruna
Idioma aguaruna
Aguaruna language
Esimbi is a language of the Cameroons spoken by some 45,000 people. It's generally classified as Tivoid, but with little evidence.
Esimbi
Esimbi language
Central Cagayan Agta
Agta, Central Cagayan
Kamang
Qa'yol also known as Awakatek, is a Mayan language spoken in primarily Huehuetenango, Guatemala in and around Aguacatán. It is a living language with some 18,000 speakers.
Aguacateco
Awakatekisch
Awakateko
Idioma aguacateco
Língua aguacateca
Awakatek language
Sinauna, also known as Remontado Agta and Hatang Kayey, is a language spoken in Tanay, Rizal, General Nakar, Quezon, Rodriguez, Rizal and Antipolo City. Sinauna is closely related to Kapampangan and Sambalic languages. The Laiban Dam project is planned in Kaliwa-Kanan River River Valley, the ancestral land of the Sinauna/Remontado Agta.
Sinauna language
Dumagat, Remontado
Remontado Dumagat
The Kahua language is a member of the family of San Cristobal languages, and is spoken in the southern part of the island of Makira, formerly known as San Cristobal in the Solomon Islands. It has also been called Anganiwai, Narihua, Wanoni.
Kahua
Kahua language
Aghul, also spelled Agul, is a language spoken by the Aguls who live in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. It is spoken by about 28,300 people (2002 census).
Aghul
Aghulische Sprache
Agul
Língua agul
Aghul language
Southern Alta
Alta, Southern
Mt. Iriga Agta
Agta, Mt. Iriga
Ahanta
Longto
Axamb
The Qimant language is a highly endangered language spoken by a small and elderly fraction of the Qemant people in Northern Ethiopia mainly in Chilga Woreda in Semien Gondar Zone between Gondar and Metemma.
Qimant
Qimant language
Aghu
Tiagbamrin Aizi
Aizi, Tiagbamrin
Akha is the language spoken by the Akha people. It is sometimes considered a dialect of the Hani language spoken in China, although most speakers live in eastern Burma.
Akha
Akha language
The Ahlon language, Igo, is spoken in the Plateau Region of Togo. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages of the Kwa family. Variations of its official name are Achlo, Ahlõ, Ahlo, Ahlon-Bogo, Ahonlan, Anlo.
Igo
Ahlon language
Mang (Chinese 莽语 ) is an Austro-Asiatic language of Vietnam and across the border in China.
Mang
Mang language
Mobumrin Aizi
Aizi, Mobumrin
Wolof
uolof
uólofe
volof
wolof
Ahaan (Àhàn) is a divergent Volta–Niger language of Nigeria, closely related only to Ayere.
Ahan
Àhàn
Ahan language
The Ahom language is a nearly extinct Tai language spoken by the Ahom people who ruled the Brahmaputra river valley in the Indian state of Assam between the 13th and the 18th centuries.
Ahom
Idioma ahom
Ahom language
Aproumu Aizi
Aizi, Aproumu
Ahirani
Ashe
Ahtna or Ahtena is the Na-Dené language of the Ahtna ethnic group of the Copper River area of Alaska. The language is also known as Copper River or Mednovskiy. There are 80 speakers out of a population of 500, and the language is facing extinction but many younger people are learning it to try to keep it from extinction.
Ahtena
Ahtna
Língua ahtna
Ahtna language
The Arosi language is a member of the family of San Cristobal languages, and is spoken in the northwest part of the island of Makira, formerly known as San Cristobal in the Solomon Islands. Population is 6.750.
Arosi
Arosi language
Äynu (or Aini, Ejnu, Abdal ) is a Turkic language spoken in western China known in various spelling as Aini, Aynu, Ainu, Eyni or by the Uyghur Abdal (ئابدال), in Russian sources Эйну́, Айну, Абдал, by the Chinese as Ainu. Some linguists call it a mixed language, having a mostly Turkic grammar, essentially Uyghur, but a mainly Iranian vocabulary. Other linguists argue that it does not meet the technical requirements of a mixed language. It is spoken by the Äynu, a nomadic people. The Äynu people call their language Äynú (ئەينۇ) .
Ainu
Aïnou
Idioma aini
Lingua aini
Língua aini
Äynu
Ainu (China)
Äynu language
Ainbai
Alngith is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Alngith people. Its date of extinction is unknown. Phonologically, this language variety is very similar to the related variety Linngithigh, the only difference being that this language has the process of metathesis whereas Linngithigh does not.
Alngith
Alngith dialect
Amara is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1200 individuals along the northwest coast of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain. Speakers have close to a 100% bilingualism with Bariai, and many also speak Tok Pisin.
Amara
Amara language
Agi
Leeward Caribbean Creole English, also known by the names of the various islands on which it is spoken (Antiguan Creole, Saint Kitts Creole, etc.) is an English-based creole language spoken in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean, namely the countries of Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Leeward Caribbean Creole English
Antigua and Barbuda Creole English
Creole English, Antigua and Barbuda
Ai-Cham (autonym: ʔai3 ȶam1; ) is a language spoken mainly in Diwo and Boyao Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam. Fang-Kuei Li first distinguished the language in 1943. Nearby languages include Bouyei and Mak.
Ai-Cham
Ai-cham
Ai-Cham language
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (also known as Assyrian, Aisorski, Assyrianci, Assyriski, Lishana Aturaya, Neo-Syriac, Sooreth, Suret, Sureth, or Suryaya Swadaya) is a Neo-Aramaic dialect, spoken by an estimated 220,000 people (1994 SIL estimate), formerly in the area between Lake Urmia, north-western Iran, and Siirt, south-eastern Turkey, but now more widely throughout the Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora. Ethnologue estimates that as of the mid 1990s, about 80,000 speakers lived in the Assyrian homeland in the Middle East, while the majority of speakers lived abroad, most of them in the United States or in Europe. Most speakers are members of the Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East. Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Chaldean Neo-Aramaic and to a lesser extent with Turoyo.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Assyrisch-Neuaramäische Sprache
Neoarameo asirio
Neo-Aramaic, Assyrian
Lishanid Noshan is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in southern and eastern Iraq, in the region of Arbil. Most speakers now live in Israel. Lishanid Noshan means the language of our selves; speakers often also call it Lishana Didan, which means our language. However, as similar names are used by most of the dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, scholarly sources tend to call it Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic. Other popular names for the language are Hulaula, Jewish, Galigalu, mine-yours (noting the difference in grammar from other dialects), and Kurdit, Kurdish'.
Lishanid Noshan
Ake
Aimele
Aimol
Ainu (Ainu: , Aynu itak; Japanese: Ainu-go; Cyrillic: ) is one of the Ainu languages, spoken by members of the Ainu ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.
ainu
aïnou
Ainu (Japan)
Ainu language
Ainu-Sprache
Idioma ainu
Lingua ainu
Língua ainu
Wom, or Perema, is a Leko language of Nigeria.
Wom
Wom (Nigeria)
Wom language
Aiton
Burumakok
Aimaq is a dialect of the Persian language spoken west of the Hazarajat (or Hazarastan), in central northwest Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Tajikistan. It is the dominant dialect of Persian spoken by the Aymāq people. It is very close to Khorasani and Dari dialects. The Aimaq people are thought to have a 5-15% literacy rate.
Aimaq
Aimaq dialect
Airoran is a language of Indonesia, spoken in the north coast area on the lower Apauwer River of Papua (Irian Jaya), in the villages of Subu, Motobiak, Isirania, etc. It is rather divergent from other Kwerba languages, though clearly related.
Airoran
Airoran language
Nataoran is one of the Formosan languages of the Amis and Sakizaya, indigenous tribal peoples living along the east coast of Taiwan. The Sakizaya variety is highly divergent, and sometimes considered a separate language from Nataoran, but in recent years both have begun to converge with Central Amis, which is culturally dominant.
Nataoran Amis
Amis, Nataoran
Nataoran language
Arikem
Aari (also spelled Ari, Ara, Aro, Aarai) is an Omotic language of Ethiopia. The speakers of this language have been known as Shankilla (or Shanqella), a name which is considered derogatory. According to the 2007 census, over 285,000 people speak Aari as a mother tongue.
Aari
Idioma arí
Aari language
Aigon is an Austronesian language spoken by about 2000 individuals between the Avio and Amgen rivers in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Aighon
Aigon language
Ali is a Ubangian language of the southwestern Central African Republic.
Ali
Ali language
Aja is a Central Sudanic language spoken in the southern South Sudanese province of Bahr el Ghazal and along the South Sudanese border in the Central African Republic. Although the Aja are ethnically Kresh, their language is unintelligible to other Kresh languages. It is largely Banda in vocabulary, though it remains Kresh in structure. Most members of the tribe are bilingual in Kresh. Alternate spellings are Adja and Ajja.
Aja
Aja (Sudan)
Aja language
The Aja language is a Gbe language of the Niger–Congo language spoken by the Aja people; and it is closely related to other Gbe languages such as Ewe, Mina, Fon, and Phla Phera.
Aja-gbe
Aja (Benin)
Ajië (also known as Houailou, Wailu, Wai, Anjie, and A'jie) is an Oceanic language spoken in New Caledonia. It has approximately 4,000 speakers.
Ajië
Ajië language
Wongo
Andajin
South Levantine Arabic
Arabic, South Levantine
Judeo-Tunisian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Tunisia. 99% of all speakers now live in Israel. Speakers are older adults and the younger generation has only a passive knowledge of the language.
Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
Judéo-tunisien
Arabic, Judeo-Tunisian
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco. The vast majority of all current speakers now live in France and Israel. The few speakers remaining in Morocco are usually older adults.
Judeo-Moroccan
Arabic, Judeo-Moroccan
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
Ajawa is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Ajawa became extinct between 1920 and 1940 as speakers switched to Hausa.
Ajawa
Ajawa language
Amri, or Amri Karbi, is spoken by the Karbi people of Assam and Meghalaya. Roman Script is used for institutional practice but it is seen, in various published megagines, that the authors use both Roman Script and Assamese script . Sociolinguistically, it's a variety of the Karbi language, though it is not mutually intelligible, and indeed may not be a single language itself.
Amri Karbi
Amri language
Karbi, Amri
Akan, also known as Twi and Fante, is an Akan language that is the principal native language of Ghana, spoken over much of the southern half of that country, by about 52% of the population, and to a lesser extent across the border in eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Three dialects have been developed as literary standards with distinct orthographies, Asante, Akuapem (together called Twi), and Fante, which despite being mutually intelligible were inaccessible in written form to speakers of the other standards. In 1978 the Akan Orthography Committee established a common orthography for all of Akan, which is used as the medium of instruction in primary school by speakers of several other Akan languages such as Anyi, Sefwi, Ahanta as well as the Guang languages.
Akan
akan
Akan language
Akan-Sprachen
Idioma acano
Lingua akan
Língua akan
Manombai
Batak Angkola
Amberbaken, also known as Mpur, Kebar, Ekware, and Dekwambre, is a divergent language of New Guinea. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue (2009) removed it as a language isolate.
Mpur
Amberbaken language
Akpet, also known as Ukpet-Ehom or Akpet-Ehom, is a dialect cluster of the Upper Cross River languages of Nigeria. The varieties are Ukpet (Akpet) and Ehom (Ubeteng, Ebeteng).
Ukpet-Ehom
Akpet language
Akawaio is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana, most commonly in the region of the Upper Mazaruni. Though many speakers don't live in villages, there are a number of population centers, notably Kamarang, Jawalla, Waramadong, and Kako. Some 6,000 people speak Akawaio. It is also spoken to a lesser extent in Venezuela.
Akawaio
Idioma akawayo
Akawaio language
Akpa
Anakalangu
Angal Heneng
Woria
Aiome
Aka-Jeru
Akkadian (lišānum akkadītum, 𒀝𒂵𒌈 ak.kADû) (also Accadian, Assyro-Babylonian ) is an extinct Semitic language (part of the greater Afroasiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian, an unrelated language isolate. The name of the language is derived from the city of Akkad, a major center of Mesopotamian civilization.
Akkadian
Akkadien
Akkadisch
acadiano
acadio
accado
Akkadian language
Akkadische Sprache
Idioma acadio
Lingua accadica
Língua acádia
akkadien
Aklanon
The Bo language, Aka-Bo (also known as Ba), is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken on the west central coast of North Andaman and on North Reef Island of the Andaman Islands in India. The Aka- at the beginning of the language name is a common Great Andamanese prefix for words related to the tongue, which includes language.
Aka-Bo
Aka-bo
Língua aka-bo
Aka-Bo language
Akurio
Siwu is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. The speakers of Siwu call themselves the Mawu and their land Kawu.
Siwu
Siwu language
Kwasengen, also known as Hanga Hundi, is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
Hanga Hundi
Kwasengen language
Araki is a nearly extinct language spoken in the small island of Araki (locally known as ), south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. Araki is gradually being replaced by Tangoa, a language from a neighbouring island.
Araki
Idioma Araki
Araki language
Akaselem
Akolet
Akum
The Akhvakh language (alternatively spelled Akhwakh) is a Northeast Caucasian language from the Avar–Andic branch. Ethnologue lists 6500 speakers, but Magomedova and Abulaeva (2007) list 20,000 speakers of the language. Akhvakh has several dialects, though sources do not agree on the number. Ethnologue lists Kaxib, Northern Akhvakh and Southern Akhvakh (which can be further subdivided into the Tlyanub and Tsegob subdialects ). Creissels (2010) lists Northern Akhvakh and three dialects of Southern Akhvakh (Cegob, Tljanub, and Ratlub).
Akhvakh
Lingua akhvakh
Língua akhvakh
Akhvakh language
Akwa
The Kede language, Aka-Kede, is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken in the Northern section of Middle Andaman island (Justin 2000).
Aka-Kede
Aka-Kede language
The Kol language, Aka-Kol, is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the southeast section of Middle Andaman.
Aka-Kol
Aka-Kol language
Alabama (also known as Alibamu) is a Native American language, spoken by the Alabama-Coushatta tribe of Texas. It was once spoken by the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town of Oklahoma, but there are no more Alabama speakers in Oklahoma. It is a Muskogean language, and is believed to have been related to the Muklasa and Tuskegee languages, which are no longer extant. Alabama is closely related to Koasati and Apalachee, and more distantly to other Muskogean languages like Hitchiti, Chickasaw and Choctaw.
Alabama
Idioma alabama
Alabama language
Alago
Wawonii
Kawésqar (also known as Qawasqar [ISO 639-3], Alacaluf, Halakwulup, Kaweskar, Alakaluf, Kawaskar, Kawesqar, Qawashqar, Halakwalip, Hekaine, Kaueskar, Aksana, Aksanás) is an Alacalufan language spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. Originally there were several distinct dialects. Kakauhua is sometimes listed as a dialect, but is usually listed as a separate language, as in ISO 639-3 and Ethnologue. The language family containing these two languages is known as Alacalufan. Only about 20 speakers remain, half of them on Wellington Island, off the southwestern coast of Chile.
Idioma kawésqar
Kawésqar
Língua kawésqar
Qawasqar
Kawésqar language
Alladian
Aleut (Unangam Tunuu) is a language of the Eskimo–Aleut language family. It is the heritage language of the Aleut people living in the Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, and Commander Islands. As of 2007 there were about 150 speakers of Aleut (Krauss 2007, p. 408).
Aleut
Aleutisch
aleutiano
aleuto
aleúte
aléoute
Aleut language
Aleutische Sprache
Aléoute
Idioma aleutiano
Lingua aleutina
Língua aleúte
Alege
Alawa is an Indigenous Australian language spoken by the Alawa people of the Northern Territory. In 1991, it had 18 remaining speakers and 4 semi-speakers.
Alawa
Alawa Language
Amaimon is a Papuan language spoken by 1,781 people in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Amaimon
Amaimon language
The Alangan language is a language spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines.
Alangan
Alangan language
The Weyto language is believed to be an extinct language formerly spoken in the Lake Tana region of Ethiopia by the Weyto, a small group of hippopotamus hunters who now speak Amharic.
Weyto
Weyto language
Alak is a language spoken by some 4,000 people in southern Laos, especially in the Provinces of Salavan and Sekong (where the Alak people make up over a fifth of the population). It is closely related to the language spoken by the Bahnars of Vietnam.
Alak
Alak language
Allar is a Dravidian language spoken in India.
Allar
Allar language
Amblong
Gheg (or Geg) is one of the two major varieties of Albanian. The other one is Tosk, on which standard Albanian is based. The dividing line between these two varieties is the Shkumbin River, which winds its way through central Albania.
Albanés guego
Gegisch
Gheg Albanian
Ghego
Guègue
Albanian, Gheg
Larike-Wakasihu
Alune
:For the larger language family of which Algonquin is but one member, see Algonquian languages.
Algonquin
Língua algonquina
Algonquin language
Alyutor or Alutor is a language of Russia that belongs to the Chukotkan branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages.
Alioutor
Alutor
Língua alutor
Alyutor language
Tosk is the southern dialect of the Albanian language. The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern dialect) is the Shkumbin River. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language.
Albanés tosco
Tosco
Tosk Albanian
Toskisch
Tosque
Albanian, Tosk
Southern Altai (also known as Oirot, Oyrot, Altai) is a Turkic language spoken in the Gorno-Altai Ao mountains of Russia on the border of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. There is no mutual intelligibility with Northern Altai. Written Altai is based on Southern Altai, but is rejected by Northern Altai children. Dialects include Altai Proper and Talangit.
Southern Altai
Süd-Altaisch
altai do sul
altai meridionale
altaï du Sud
altái meridional
Altai, Southern
Southern Altai language
altai du Sud
The Areare language is a language that is spoken by the Areare people, who live mainly on the Solomon Islands. It is spoken by 17,800, which makes them the second largest language in the Solomons after the Kwara'ae (also from Malaita). According to Ethnologue, the literacy rate is somewhere between 30-60%.
'Are'are
'are'are
ʻAreʻare
'Are'are language
Wirö (also called Itoto, Wotuja, Jojod, or various forms of Maku) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela. It is attested only by a list of 38 words collected ca. 1900, but this is enough to show it is a dialect of Piaroa, or at least a closely related language.
Idioma maku
Maco
Wirö dialect
Alaba-Kabeena (also known as Alaba, Allaaba, Halaba) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia in the Great Rift Valley southwest of Lake Shala. The literacy rate of native speakers in their language is below 1%, while their literacy rate in second languages is 8.6%; Alaba-Kabeena is taught in primary schools. It has an 81% lexical similarity with Kambaata. However Fleming (1976) classifies K'abeena (also transliterated "Qebena") as a dialect of Kambaata. The 2007 census in Ethiopia lists Alaba and Qebena as separate languages.
Wanbasana
Alaba-K'abeena language
Alaba-K’abeena
Amol
Alyawarr
Alur is spoken in northwestern Uganda and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo by the Alur people.
Alur
Língua alur
Alur language
Amanayé is a possibly extinct Tupi language last spoken in the São Domingos do Capim Municipality on the Capim River in Brazil.
Amanayé
Amanayé language
Ambo
Amahuaca is an indigenous American Panoan-family language spoken by several dozen people in the Amazon Basin in Perú but up to 130 and also in Brazil by 220 people. It is also known as Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, and Sayaco. The most closely related languages are Cashinahua and Shipibo. It is an official language. There are 20 monolinguals. 30% are literate and 50% are literate in Spanish. Amahuaca uses a Latin based script. Schools are bilingual, but the language has a negative connotation. A dictionary has been developed along with grammar rules and bible portions.
Amahuaca
Idioma amahuaca
Amahuaca language
Yanesha (; literally we the people'), also called Amuesha or Amoesha is a language spoken by the Amuesha people of Peru in central and eastern Pasco Region.
Yanesha
Yanesha'
Yanesha' language
Hamer or Hamer-Banna is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. It is spoken primarily in the southern part of Ethiopia by the Hamer and Banna people.
Hamer-Banna
Hamer-Banna language
Amurdag (also Amurdak, Amurag, Amarag, Wureidbug) is an Indigenous Australian language historically spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia. This is an Pama–Nyungan language that belongs to the Iwaidjan language family. According to a report by the National Geographic Society and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, it is an endangered language. There is at least one living speaker, Charlie Mungulda, who has been working with Australian linguists, e.g. Nick Evans, Robert Handelsmann and others, over the past several decades to record his language.
Amurdak
Amurdag language
Amharic
Amharisch
amarico
amharique
amárico
Amis is the Formosan language of the Amis Ami, an indigenous tribal people living along the east coast of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is spoken from Hualien in the north to Taitung in the south, with another population near the southern end of the island, though the northern varieties are sometimes considered a separate language.
Amis
Amisisch
Língua amis
Amis language
Barupu (Warapu) is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Warapu
Barupu language
Amdang Biltine (autonym: sìmí amdangtí) is a language closely related to Fur spoken in Chad by about 5,000 people , while Ethnologue places the number in 2000 at 41,000. It is mainly spoken in Chad north of Biltine, and sporadically elsewhere in Ouaddaï. There are also small colonies of speakers in Darfur near Woda'a and Fafa, and in Kordofan in the Abu Daza district and at Magrur north of Bara. Most of the ethnic group now speaks Arabic. It is also termed Mimi, Mima, or Biltine. (The term "Mimi" is also applied, however, to several other languages of the area).
Amdang
Idioma amdang
Amdang language
The Ambai language is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesian New Guinea (Papua Province), mostly on the Ambai Islands as well as the southern part of Yapen Island. The number of speakers is estimated between 7,500 – 10,000.
Ambai
Ambai language
War (also spelled Waar), War-Jaintia or Amwi is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken by about 16,000 people in Bangladesh and 12,000 people in India.
War
War language
War-Jaintia
Ama (Sawiyanu) is a Left May language of New Guinea, in East Sepik Province. Former dialects have merged.
Ama
Ama (Papua New Guinea)
Ama language
Amanab is a Papuan language spoken by 4,419 people in Amanab District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.
Amanab
Amanab language
Amo (Among), or Map (Timap), is a divergent Kainji language of Nigeria.
Amo
Amo language
The Alamblak language is spoken in the Angoram District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. According to , there are 9 villages with 900 speakers on the Middle Karawari and Wagupmeri rivers, and there is another dialect of 400 speakers in 4 villages near Kuvanmas Lake.
Alamblak
Alamblak language
Amahai
Amarakaeri is an indigenous American language of the Harakmbet language family spoken in Perú along the Madre de Dios and Colorado rivers. There is less than 1% literacy compared to 5 to 15% literacy in second language Spanish. There is one dialect called Kisambaeri. It is an official language and has a dictionary. Amarakaeri speakers include the Kochimberi, Küpondirideri, Wíntaperi, Wakitaneri, and Kareneri gold panning tribes. There is a common misconception is that Amarakaeri is an Arawakan language. Alternate names include Amarakaire, Amaracaire, and Mashco; the latter of which is considered a pejorative term.
Amarakaeri
Língua amarakaeri
Amarakaeri language
Southern Amami-Oshima
Amami-Oshima, Southern
Amto (also known as Ki) is an Amto–Musan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea in the Amanab and Rocky Peak Districts, south of the Upper Sepik River, toward the headwaters of the Left May River on the Samaia River. There are two villages, Amto and Habiyon.
Amto
Idioma amto
Amto language
Warluwara is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland.
Warluwara
Warluwara language
The Amuzgo Guerrero language is an Amuzgo language spoken in southwest Guerrero state in Mexico.
Guerrero Amuzgo
Amuzgo, Guerrero
Guerrero Amuzgo language
Ambelau is an Austronesian language; as of 1989, it was spoken by about 5,700 Ambelau people, of whom more than 5,000 lived on the Indonesian island Ambelau and most others in the village Wae Tawa of the nearby island Buru . is the southern dialect of Buru language, Masarete. The preservation of the language was also unaffected by the fact that Ambelau people compose only half of the Ambelau island population, and the communication with the Bugis and Javanese people composing the other half usually occurs in the official language of the country, Indonesian. Ambelau language has no dialects; so the Ambelau community on Buru island speaks identical language to that used on Ambelau. The language has no writing system.
Ambelau
Ambelau language
Western Neo-Aramaic is a modern Aramaic language. Today, it is spoken in three villages in the Anti-Lebanon mountains of western Syria. Western Neo-Aramaic is the only modern living Aramaic language (neo-Aramaic) drawn from the branch of Western Aramaic languages. All other modern living Aramaic languages are of the Eastern Aramaic languages.
Neuwestaramäische Sprache
Néo-araméen occidental
Western Neo-Aramaic
Neo-Aramaic, Western
Anmatyerre
Ami
Atampaya is an inland dialect of the Urradhi group of Paman languages on Cape York Peninsula of Queensland. Australia, and is possibly extinct. It is spoken by the Atampaya people. It forms part of a group of closely related and highly mutually intelligible dialects, these being Urradhi on the coast to the south-west, Angkamuthi to the west north of Urradhi, Utudhanamu inland north from Atampaya, Yantaykenu further north, being the language of the Bamaga area, Yadhaykenu on the east coast north of Wudhadhi, and Yaraytyana further north again. This group has no common language name, though Urradhi is commonly used as a cover name. There are a few partial speakers of Atampaya.
Atampaya
Atampaya dialect
Andaqui (or: Andaki) is an extinct language from the southern highlands of Colombia. It may be one of the Paezan or Barbacoan languages, which may be related to each other.
Andaqui
Andaquí
Idioma andaquí
Andaqui language
Andoa is an extinct Zaparoan language of Peru. It was found in the Pastaza River region of Peru. It is also known as Shimigae/Semigae and Gae/Gay. The Andoa people have integrated into the Quechua and now speak either Pastaza Quechua or Spanish. In Ecuador there remains one fluent speaker who is attempting to teach the language to others to keep it alive. The last known speaker died in 1993.
Andoa
Idioma andoa-shimigae
Andoa language
Ngas is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Hill Angas and Plain Angas.
Angas
Ngas
ngas language
Ansus is a Austronesian language spoken in Indonesian New Guinea.
Ansus
Ansus language
About the language and its speakers Manangkari which is sometimes also referred to as "Naragani"(?) is an extinct Australian aboriginal language once spoken in the Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory. Manangkari belongs to the Iwaidjan family of languages and is closely related to Iwaidja. This is a Pama-Nyungan language.
Manangkari
Manangkari language
Xârâcùù is an Oceanic language spoken in New Caledonia. It has about 4,000 speakers.
Xârâcùù
Xaracuu language
Warduji
Animere (sometimes Anyimere or Kunda, the latter being a toponym) is a language spoken in Ghana, in the Kecheibe and Kunda villages of the Benimbere people. It is most closely related to Kebu or Akebu of Togo. Both are Ghana Togo Mountain languages (GTM), classified as members of the Ka-Togo group by Heine (1968). Like most other GTM languages, Animere is a noun class language.
Animere
Animere language
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southern and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. What survives through writing represents primarily the literary register of Anglo-Saxon.
Altenglisch
Inglês antigo
Old English
Vieil anglais
inglese antico
inglés antiguo
Altenglische Sprache
Antico inglese
English, Old (ca. 450-1100)
English, Old (ca.450-1100)
Idioma anglosajón
Old English (ca. 450-1100)
ancien anglais
anglo-saxon (ca.450-1100)
inglês arcaico
Nend (Nent) is a Papuan language spoken by the Angaua people of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Nend
Nend language
The Andi language is part of the Avar–Andic branch of the Northeast Caucasian languages. The Andi population was about 8,000 in 1926. In 2002 approximately 21,800 speakers were identified. There are four dialects, Munin, Rikvani, Kvanxidatl, and Gagatl, which appear quite divergent. Speakers generally use Avar or Russian as their literary language(s).
Andi
Andische Sprache
Língua andi
Andi language
Anor
Goemai is an Afro-Asiatic (Chadic, West Chadic A) language spoken in the Plateau state of Central Nigeria by approximately 200,000 people. Its speakers refer to themselves and their language as Goemai; in older linguistic, historical and ethnographical literature the term Ankwe has been used to refer to the people.
Ankwé
Goemai
Goemai language
Anu-Hkongso Chin
Chin, Anu-Hkongso
Warrungu (or Warrangu, Warrango) is an Australian Aboriginal language, one of the dozen languages of the Maric branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It was formerly spoken in the area around Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Its last native speaker was Alf Palmer, who died in 1981.
Warungu
Warrungu language
Anal, also known as Namfau, is a Northern Kukish language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by a dwindling number of Anal people in India, Burma, and possibly Bangladesh. UNESCO lists Anal as having 23,000 speakers in total, making it a vulnerable language. It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei.
Anal
Idioma anal
Anal language
Obolo, or Andoni, is a major Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.
Obolo
Obolo language
The Andoque language is an aboriginal language spoken by a few hundred Andoque in Northern South America, and is in decline.
Andoke
Andoque
Idioma andoque
Andoque language
Angika (Dev. अङ्गिका or अंगिका) is an Indo-Iranian language of the Anga region of India, a 58,000 km² area approx. that falls within the states of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
Angika
angika
Angika language
Idioma angika
Järawa or Jarwa is an Ongan language spoken by the Jarawa people of the interior and south central Rutland Island, central interior and south interior South Andaman Island, and the west coast of Middle Andaman Island.
Idioma järawa
Jarawa
Jarawa (India)
Jarawa language
Andh
Anserma (Anserna) is an extinct Chocoan language of Colombia.
Anserma
Anserma language
Antakarinya (also Andagarinya) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Wati languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Antakarinya
Lingua antakarinya
Antakarinya language
Anuak or Anywa is a Nilotic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. It is spoken primarily in the Western part of Ethiopia by the Anuak. Other names for this language include: Anyuak, Anywa, Yambo, Jambo, Yembo, Bar, Burjin, Miroy, Moojanga, Nuro.
Anuak
Anyua
Anuak language
Denya is a Bantoid language of Cameroon in the Mamfe family. The dialects are divergent enough to perhaps be considered separate languages.
Denya
Denya language
Anaang
Wiradjuri (many other spellings; see Wiradjuri) is a Pama–Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup. It was the traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia, but is no longer in general use. The process of reclaiming the language was greatly assisted by the publication in 2005 of A First Wiradjuri Dictionary by elder Stan Gran Senior and consultant Dr John Rudder. John Rudder described the dictionary: "The Wiradjuri Dictionary has three main sections in just over 400 B5 pages. The first two sections, English to Wiradjuri, and Wiradjuri to English, have about 5000 entries each. The third sections lists Names of Things grouped in categories such as animals, birds, plants, climate, body parts, colours. In addition to those main sections the dictionary contains an introduction to accurate pronunciation, a basic grammar of the language and a sample range of sentence types." A revised edition, holding over 8,000 words, was published in 2010 and launched in Wagga Wagga, a launch well described by the member for Riverina to the Australian Parliament. .
Wiradhuri
Wiradjuri language
Andra-Hus
The Anyin language is spoken principally in Côte d'Ivoire and in Ghana. It is an Akan language member of the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family of languages. The closest relative of Anyin is Baoulé, and it is also close to Nzema.
Agni
Anyin
Língua anyin
Anyin language
The Anêm language is a language isolate spoken in five main villages along the northwestern coast of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea: Malasoŋo (where it is spoken alongside Bariai), Karaiai, Mosiliki, Pudêlîŋ, Atiatu (where it is spoken alongside Lusi) and Bolo (where it is spoken alongside a version of Aria). It is also spoken by small numbers of people, mostly of Anêm descent, scattered among the surrounding villages. There are two main dialects. Akiblîk, the dialect of Bolo was near functional extinction in 1982, the youngest speaker being about 35 years of age then. The main dialect is spoken in the other villages named above. There are about 550 speakers.
Anem
Idioma anêm
Anêm language
Angolar, also Ngola (Lungua N'golá) is a minority language of São Tomé and Príncipe, spoken in the southernmost towns of São Tomé Island and sparsely along the coast. It is a creole language, based partially on Portuguese with a heavy substrate of a dialect of Kimbundu (port. Quimbundo), a Bantu language from inland Angola, where a number of black slaves were taken to this island. Angolan residents and tourists speaking Portuguese and Kimbundu are surprised when they hear this Creole which is almost similar to their dialect.
Angolar
Criollo angolar
Angolar language
Abom is a nearly extinct language spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. According to a 2002 census, only 15 people still speak this language, all elderly.
Abom
Abom language
The Pemon language is a Native American language of the Cariban family spoken by some 30,000 Pemon people, in Venezuela's Southeast, particularly in the Canaima National Park, in the Roraima State of Brazil and in Guyana.
Arekuna
Idioma pemón
Pemon
Pemón
Pemon language
Andarum is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. Together with Kanggape, there were something over 2,000 speakers in 1981.
Andarum
Andarum language
Angal Enen
Bragat
Angoram, also known as Pondo, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Angoram
Angoram language
Arma
Wariyangga
Enindhilyagwa (several other names; see below) is an Australian language isolate spoken by the Warnindhilyagwa people on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. A 2001 Australian government identified more than one thousand speakers of the language, although there are reports of as many as three thousand. In 2008, it was cited in a study on whether humans had an innate ability to count without having words for numbers. While the Enindhilyagwa language traditionally had terms for numbers up to twenty, these are no longer known to younger speakers.
Anindilyakwa
Lingua enindhilyagwa
Língua enindhilyagwa
Enindhilyagwa language
Mufian (Muhian, Muhiang), or Southern Arapesh, is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Supari, Balif, Filifita (Ilahita), Iwam-Nagalemb, Nagipaem; Filifita speakers are a little over half the population.
Mufian
Mufian language
Arhö
Alorese (Bahasa Alor) is an Austronesian language spoken on Alor and the neighboring islands of the Alor archipelago in eastern Indonesia. It is not to be confused with non-Austronesian (Papuan) languages of the Alor–Pantar family which are also spoken in this region. It is also distinct from Alor Malay, a Malay variety which is currently supplanting Alorese as the language of wider communication in the region. Alorese is the native language of several immigrant communities located along the coast of the Alor archipelago, especially at Alor Kecil on Alor and at Baranusa and Marica on Pantar. It has also been used extensively as a trade language in the region.
Alor
Alorese language
Ömie
Bumbita (But Arapesh) is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea spoken mainly by older adults, unlike other Arapesh languages. Dialects are Bonahoi, Urita, Timingir, Weril, Werir.
Bumbita Arapesh
Arapesh, Bumbita
Bumbita language
Aore
Garrwa
Taikat (Tajkat) or Arso is a Papuan language of Indonesian Papua.
Taikat
Taikat language
A'Tong is a language of the Sino-Tibetan family, related to Koch and Rabha. It is spoken in the Southern Meghalaya (South Garo Hills, Hd. Qtr.-Baghmara) region of India.
A'tong
A'Tong language
A'ou
Atorada
Uab Meto is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people of West Timor. The language has a variant spoken in the East Timorese exclave of Oecussi-Ambeno, called Baikenu. Baikenu uses words derived from Portuguese, for example, obrigadu for "thank you", instead of the Indonesian terima kasih.
Uab Meto
Uab Meto language
Saa (also known as South Malaita and Apaeaa) is an Oceanic language spoken on Small Malaita and Ulawa Island in the Solomon Islands.
Sa'a
Sa’a
Sa'a language
North Levantine Arabic
Arabic, North Levantine
Warlmanpa (also Walmala) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language.
Warlmanpa
Warlmanpa language
Sudanese Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken throughout northern Sudan. It has much borrowed vocabulary from the local languages (El Rotana). This has resulted in a variety of Arabic that is unique to Sudan, reflecting the way in which the country has been influenced by both African and Arab cultures. Some of the tribes in Sudan still have similar accents to the ones in Saudi Arabia.
Sudanese Arabic
Sudanesisch-Arabisch
Arabic, Sudanese
Bukiyip (Bukiyúp), or Mountain Arapesh, is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea.
Bukiyip
Bukiyip language
Pahanan Agta
Agta, Pahanan
Ampanang
Athpare, also known as Athapre, Athpariya, Athpre, Arthare, Arthare-Khesang, or Jamindar Rai, is an eastern Kiranti language spoken by some 2,000 people living in Dhankuta district in Eastern Nepal.
Athpariya
Athpare language
Apiacá is a Tupi language of the Apiacá people of the upper Rio Tapajos area of Matto Grosso, Brazil. It is being supplanted by Portuguese.
Apiaká
Apiaká language
Jicarilla is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Jicarilla Apache.
Idioma jicarilla
Jicarilla
Jicarilla Apache
Apache, Jicarilla
Jicarilla language
The Plains Apache language (or Kiowa Apache) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Plains Apache peoples living primarily in central Oklahoma.
Apache des Plaines
Kiowa Apache
Apache, Kiowa
Plains Apache language
Lipan is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Lipan Apache. In 1981 it was claimed there were only a few elderly speakers still alive, and it is possible that it has become extinct since then.
Lipan
Lipan Apache
Apache, Lipan
Lipan language
Mescalero-Chiricahua (also known as Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Mescalero and Chiricahua tribes in Oklahoma and New Mexico. It is related to Navajo and Western Apache. Mescalero-Chiricahua has been described in great detail by the anthropological linguist Harry Hoijer (1904–1976), especially in Hoijer & Opler (1938) and Hoijer (1946). Hoijer & Opler's Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts, including a grammatical sketch and traditional religious and secular stories, has been converted into an online "book" available from the University of Virginia.
Chiricahua
Idioma mescalero-chiricahua
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua
Mescalero-Chiricahua language
Apinayé (otherwise known as Apinagé, Apinajé) is a SOV Jê language spoken in Tocantins, Brazil by some 1200 speakers of Apinajé people.
Apinajé
Apinajés
Apinayé
Apinayé language
The Warumungu language (or the Warramunga language) is spoken by about 500 of the Warumungu people in Australia's Northern Territory. Traditionally classified in the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family, Dixon classifies it as an isolate within Pama–Nyungan.
Warumungu
Warumungu language
Ambul
Apma (or Abma) is the language of central Pentecost island in Vanuatu. Apma belongs to the East Vanuatu languages, a branch of the Austronesian languages family.
Apma
Língua apma
Apma language
A-Pucikwar
Arop-Lokep (also spelled Arop-Lukep) is an Oceanic language spoken by 3,015 people on four islands in the Siassi chain in the Vitiaz Strait in Papua New Guinea.
Arop-Lokep
Arop-Lokep language
Arop-Sissano
Apatani (Apa Tani, Apa) is a small Tibetan–Burman language of India. As most endangered oral languages, Apatani does not yet have a standardized orthography, and there is still some debate among the Apatanis on which script should be used to transcribe it.
Apatani
Apatani language
Apurinã is a Southern Maipurean language spoken in Amazonia by the Apurinã people.
Apurinã
Apurinã language
Alapmunte
The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by over 12,000 of the Western Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona. Goodwin (1938) claims that Western Apache can be divided into five dialect groupings:
Apache occidental
Western Apache
Apache, Western
Western Apache language
Aputai
Apalaí is a Cariban language spoken in Brazil. Approximately 450 people speak Apalaí.
Apalai
Apalaí
Apalaí language
The Werni language, Warnang, is a Niger–Congo language of the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Warnang
Werni language
Safeyoka
Archi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the 1,200 Archis in the village of Archib, southern Dagestan, Russia and the six surrounding smaller villages. It is used at home and the speakers have positive attitude toward it. and has a remarkable morphological system with huge paradigms and irregularities on all levels. Mathematically, there are 1,502,839 possible forms that can be derived from a single verb root.
Archi
Artchi
Artschinische Sprache
Lingua archi
Língua archi
Archi language
Ampari Dogon, also known as Ambange or Ampari kora, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali.
Ampari Dogon
Dogon, Ampari
North Akoko, usually abbreviated to Akoko, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It appears to form a branch of the "Yoruba–Edo–Akoko–Igbo" group of Niger–Congo languages.
Akoko
Arigidi
Akoko language
Atohwaim
Northern Alta
Alta, Northern
Atakapa is an extinct language isolate native to southwestern Louisiana and nearby coastal eastern Texas. It was spoken by the Atakapa people (also known as "Ishak").
Atakapa
Idioma atakapa
Atakapa language
Arhâ
Tupari is a Tupian language of Brazil.
Akuntsu
Tuparí language
Arabic ( or ) is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD. This includes both the literary language (Modern Standard Arabic or Literary Arabic, used in most written documents as well as in formal spoken occasions, such as lectures and radio broadcasts) and the spoken Arabic varieties, spoken in a wide arc of territory stretching across the Middle East and North Africa. Arabic is a Central Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages, and also related to the South Semitic languages (e.g., Amharic in Ethiopia, Tigrinya in Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Mehri in Yemen and Oman) and the extinct East Semitic languages (e.g., Akkadian, first attested nearly 5,000 years ago). The written language is distinct from and more conservative than all of the spoken varieties, and the two exist in a state known as diglossia, used side-by-side for different societal functions.
Arabic
Arabisch
arabe
arabo
árabe
Arabe
Arabic language
Arabische Sprache
Idioma árabe
Lingua araba
Língua árabe
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA; "the most eloquent Arabic language"), Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic is the standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech.
Arabe standard moderne
Fusha
Standard Arabic
Árabe estándar moderno
Árabe moderno padrão
Arabic, Standard
Modern Standard Arabic
Official Aramaic is an ancient Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Near East between about 700 BCE and 300 BCE. It received its name from the fact that it was adopted as the administrative language of the Achaemenid Persian empire beginning about 500 BCE. It succeeded Old Aramaic.
Aramaic
Aramäisch
aramaico
arameo
araméen
Aramaic, Imperial (700-300 BCE)
Aramaic, Official (700-300 BCE)
Imperial Aramaic
Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)
Official Aramaic
Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)
Official Aramaic language
araméen d'empire (700-300 BCE)
Worrorra
Arabana is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Karnic languages of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Arabana
Arabana language
Western Arrarnta
Arrarnta, Western
Aragonese (; in Aragonese) is a Romance language now spoken in a number of local varieties by between 10,000 and 30,000 people over the valleys of the Aragón River, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in Aragon, Spain. It is the only remaining speech form derived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese languages.
Aragonese
Aragonesisch
aragonais
aragonese
aragonés
aragonês
Aragonais
Aragonese language
Aragonesische Sprache
Idioma aragonés
Lingua aragonese
Língua aragonesa
Arhuaco, oommonly known as Ika, is an Indigenous American language of the Chibchan language family, spoken in South America.
Arhuaco
Idioma arhuaco
Arhuaco language
Arikara is a Caddoan language spoken by the Arikara people, who reside primarily at Fort Berthold reservation in North Dakota. Arikara is very close to the Pawnee language, but they are not mutually intelligible.
Arikara
Arikara language
Arapaso
Arikapú or Maxubí is an endangered Yabutian language that as of 1998 was spoken by only six individuals in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco. It is being supplanted by Portuguese.
Arikapú
Arikapú language
Waropen is an Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is fairly closely related to the Yapen languages.
Waropen
Waropen language
Arabela is an indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family spoken in two Peruvian villages in tropical forest along the Napo tributary of the Arabela river.
Arabela
Idioma arabela
Língua arabela
Arabela language
The Mapuche language, Mapudungun (from earth, land and speak, speech) is a language isolate spoken in south-central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche (from mapu and che people) people. It is also spelled Mapuzugun and sometimes called Mapudungu or Araucanian (Araucano). The latter was the name given to the Mapuche by the Spaniards but nowadays both the Mapuche and others avoid this usage. The number of speakers differs depending on definition and research methodology. In the political struggle between the ethnic minority and the Chilean and Argentinian governments the different groups support different research results. Mapuche-written publications from 2008 supports research showing approximately 700,000 speakers. Other results report approximately 240,000 speakers, with 200,000 in the Central Valley of Chile and 40,000 in several Argentine provinces, where some 150,000 people use the language regularly.
Mapuche
Mapudungun
araucano
araukan
Araucanian
Araukanisch
Idioma mapuche
Lingua mapudungun
Mapuche language
mapudungun
Araona or Cavina is an indigenous language spoken by the South American Araona people; about 90% of the 90 Araona people are fluent (W. Adelaar). Use of the language amongst the tribe is considered vigorous although Spanish knowledge is increasing. The Araonans live in the headwaters of the Manupari river in northwest Bolivia. Their language has a dictionary and portions of the Bible have been translated into Araona.
Araona
Idioma araona
Araona language
The Arapaho language or hinonoeitiit (also "Arapahoe Language" and hiinonoeitiit) is a Plains Algonquian language (an areal rather than genetic grouping) spoken almost entirely by elders in Wyoming, and to a much lesser extent in Oklahoma. It is in great danger of becoming extinct. As of 1996, there were approximately 1,000 speakers of the Northern Arapaho. In 2008, it was reported that a school had been opened to teach the language to children. 22 children are being taught there. The school was established as a matter of urgency, as no person aged under 55 was fluent in Arapaho at that point.
Arapaho
Arapaho-Sprache
arapaho
Arapaho language
Algerian Arabic is the variety or varieties of Arabic spoken in Algeria. In Algeria, as elsewhere, spoken Arabic differs from written Arabic; Algerian Arabic has a vocabulary mostly Arabic, with significant Berber substrates, and many new words and loanwords borrowed from French, Turkish and Spanish.
Algerian Arabic
Arabe algérien
Árabe argelino
Arabic, Algerian
Ramarama, also known as Karo, is a Tupian language of Brazil. Besides the dialect names, it also goes by a name variously spelled Itanga, Itogapuc, Itogapúk, Ntogapid, Ntogapig.
Karo
Karo (Brazil)
Ramarama language
Najdi Arabic is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in the desert and oases of central Saudi Arabia.
Najdi Arabic
Arabic, Najdi
Aruá is an extinct language of Brazil. The last speaker died in 1877. All that survives is a word list from 1869.
Arawá
Aruá
Idioma arauá
Arawá language
Aruá (Amazonas State)
Arbore is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southern Ethiopia in a few settlements of Hamer Bena woreda near Lake Chew Bahir.
Arbore
Arboré
Arbore language
Arawak (Arowak, Aruák) is the eponymous language of the Arawakan language family. The term is often used to cover the closely related Taino language of the Caribbean islands. The ethnonym Lokono may be used more specifically.
Arawak
Arawak-Sprache
arahuaco
arauaqui
arawak
aruaco
Arawak language
Idioma arawak-lokono
Aruá (Rodonia State)
Wardaman is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern Non-Pama–Nyungan languages. The language is close to Dagoman and Yangman (both extinct).
Wardaman
Wardaman language
Moroccan Arabic (also known as Darija, الدارجة) is the variety of Arabic spoken in the Arabic-speaking areas of Morocco. For official communications, the government and other public bodies use Modern Standard Arabic, as is the case in most Arabic-speaking countries. A mixture of French and Moroccan Arabic is used in business. It is within the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum.
Arabe marocain
Marokkanisch-Arabisch
Moroccan Arabic
Árabe marroquino
Árabe marroquí
Arabic, Moroccan
Egyptian Arabic (, "The Modern Egyptian Language"; abbreviated: ‎ "Egyptian") is the language spoken by contemporary Egyptians. It is more commonly known locally as the Egyptian colloquial language ( ) or Egyptian dialect ( ).
Arabe égyptien
Arabo egiziano
Egyptian Arabic
Árabe egipcio
Árabe egípcio
Ägyptisch-Arabisch
Arabic, Egyptian
Pare (Kipare), also known as Asu (Casu, Chasu, Athu, Chathu), is a Northeast Coast Bantu spoken by the Pare people of Tanzania.
Asu
Pare
asa
assou
asu
Asu (Tanzania)
Pare language
The Assiniboine language (also Assiniboin, Hohe, or Nakota, Nakoda or Nakona ) is a Nakotan Siouan language of the Northern Plains, spoken by around 200 Assiniboine people, most of them elderly. The name Asiniibwaan is an Ojibwe term meaning "Stone Siouans". Along with the closely related Stoney, Assiniboine is an n variety of the Dakotan languages, meaning its autonym is pronounced with an initial n (thus: Nakʰóta as opposed to Dakʰóta or Lakʰóta, and Nakʰóda or Nakʰóna as opposed to Dakʰód or Lakʰól). The Assiniboine language is also closely related to the Sioux language and to the Stoney language (called likewise Nakoda or Nakota), although they are hardly mutually intelligible.
Assiniboine
Assiniboine language
Casuarina Coast Asmat
Asmat, Casuarina Coast
Asas
American Sign Language, or ASL, is a complex form of manual communication in which hands, limbs, head, facial expression and body language are used to communicate a visual-spatial language without sound. ASL is not related to spoken English, and features an entirely different grammar and vocabulary: linguistically it is a complete, natural and fully realized language in its own right.
American Sign Language
Langue des signes américaine
Lengua de signos americana
Língua de sinais americana
Auslan is the sign language of the Australian deaf community. The term Auslan is an acronym of "Australian sign language", coined by Trevor Johnston in the early 1980s, although the language itself is much older. Auslan is related to British Sign Language (BSL) and Scottish Sign Language (SSL); the three have descended from the same parent language, and together comprise the BASSL Language Family. Auslan has also been influenced by Irish Sign Language (ISL) and more recently has borrowed signs from American Sign Language (ASL).
Auslan
Língua de sinais australiana
Australian Sign Language
Cishingini
Tequiraca (Tekiráka), also known as Abishira (Avishiri)*, is a language spoken in Peru. In 1925 there were between 50 and 80 speakers in Puerto Elvira on Lake Vacacocha (connected with the Napo River). It had been presumed extinct some time in the mid 20th century, but in 2010 a few speakers or semi-speakers were found.
Abishira
Auishiri
Idioma tekiraka
Tequiraca language
Mangas is an endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Mangas town in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Mangas
Mangas language
Buruwai
Waris or Walsa is a Papuan language spoken by about 2,500 people around Wasengla, Amanab District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, as well as about 1,500 across the border in the Indonesian province of Papua.
Waris
Waris language
Saari, or Nsari, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. According to Ethnologue, it's 84% lexically similar to Ncane, making it very close to the Noni cluster.
Nsari
Sari
Saari language
Âṣkuňu is a language of Afghanistan spoken by the Âṣkuňu, Saňu, and Grâmsaňâ people in the region of the central Pech Valley around Wâmâ and in some eastern tributary valleys of the upper Alingar River in Afghanistan's Nuristan province. The most used alternative name for all three tribes is Ashkun, which was first noted by George Scott Robertson in 1896.
Ashkun
Askunu language
Asilulu
Assamese ( ) is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language. It is used mainly in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in Nagaland and parts of Assam. Small pockets of Assamese speakers can be found in Bhutan. The easternmost of Indo-European languages, it is spoken by over 13 million people.
Assamese
Assamesisch
asamés
assamais
assamese
assamês
Assamais
Assamese language
Assamesische Sprache
Idioma asamés
Lingua assamese
Língua assamesa
Xingú Asuriní
Asuriní, Xingú
Dano (Upper Asaro) is a Papuan language spoken by about 30,000 people in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Dano
Dano language
Algerian Sign Language (French: Langue des signes algérienne (LSA), Tamazight: Tamslayt Tadugamt n Lezzayer, Arabic: لغة الإشارة الجزائر ) is the sign language most commonly used in Algeria. It was officially recognized by the Algerian law on the protection and promotion of persons with a disability enacted on May 8, 2002.
Algerian Sign Language
Langue des signes algérienne
Língua de Sinais Algeriana
Austrian Sign Language, or Österreichische Gebärdensprache (ÖGS), is the sign language used by the Austrian Deaf community — approximately 10,000 people. (see Krausneker 2006)
Austrian Sign Language
Língua de sinais austríaca
Österreichische Gebärdensprache
Asuri is a minor Munda language of India.
Asuri
Asuri language
Ipulo
Asturian (Asturianu, or bable ) is a Romance language of the West Iberian group, Astur-Leonese Subgroup, spoken in the Spanish Region of Asturias by some Asturian people. In Asturias, even though it is not an official language, it is protected under the Autonomous Statute legislation and is an optional language at schools.
Asturianisch
Asturien
Bable
asturiano
Asturian
Asturian language
Asturische Sprache
Asturleonese
Idioma asturiano
Leonese
Lingua asturiana
Língua asturiana
asturien
Waru
Akwáwa (also variously known as Asuriní or Akwaya) is a Tupi–Guarani language which is spoken by the approximately 300 Suruí in western Brazil.
Akwáwa language
Língua aquáua
Asurini, Tocantins
Tocantins Asurini
Asoa, also known as Asua, Asuae, Asuati, or Aka, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies known as the Asua. It is closely related to the Mangbetu language, and the Asua live in association with the Mangbetu people, among others. It is the only distinctive Pygmy language in the east.
Asoa
Asoa language
Australian Aborigines Sign Language
Muratayak
Yaosakor Asmat
Asmat, Yaosakor
The Ata language, also known as Pele-Ata or Wasi, is a language isolate spoken on New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. It may be related to the Anêm and Yélî Dnye isolates in a tentative Yele-West New Britain family. There are about 2000 speakers.
Pele-Ata
Ata language
Waruna
Zaiwa (Tsaiwa, Tsaiva) is a language spoken in parts of China and Burma. There are around 100,000 speakers. It is also known as Atsi, its name in Jingpo. Zaiwa is a member of the Burmish languages.
Zaiwa
Zaiwa language
Atsahuaca
Ata Manobo
Manobo, Ata
Atemble
Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe
Attié (Akie, Akye, Atche, Atie, Atshe) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken by perhaps half a million people in Ivory Coast.
Attie
Attié
Attié language
The Atikamekw language (also known as Attikamek, Tête de Boule, Attimewk, Atihkamekw, Atikamek), a dialect of Cree, is the language of the Atikamekw people of southwestern Quebec. It is spoken by nearly all the Atikamekw, and therefore it is among the indigenous languages least threatened with extinction according to some studies. The Atikamekw reflex of Proto-Algonquian liquid ("L" sound) *l is (spelled r). The corresponding sound in other Cree dialects is , , , or (it is consistently one of these depending on the dialect). Another way in which Atikamekw is distinctive among dialects of Cree is in having many loanwords from the Anishinaabe language.
Atikamekw
Atikamekw language
Gugu Warra
Ati
Mt. Iraya Agta
Agta, Mt. Iraya
Ata
Ashtiani is one of the Central Iranian dialects. spoken in the Ashtian and Tafresh area of Iran.
Ashtiani
Ashtiani language
Atong (Atoŋ) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Atong
Atong language
Pudtol Atta
Atta, Pudtol
Aralle-Tabulahan
Wae Rana
Waimiri-Atroari
Atsina (also known as Gros Ventre, Ananin, Ahahnelin, Atsina, and Ahe ) is the moribund Algonquian ancestral language of the Gros Ventre tribe in Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 1981. Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena". Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes , , and , and lacked the velar fricative .
Atsina
Gros Ventre
Gros Ventre language
Pamplona Atta
Atta, Pamplona
Reel, or Atwot, is a Nilotic language of South Sudan that is closely related to Nuer. The Reel people are culturally Dinka, and Atwot is their Dinka name.
Reel
Reel language
Northern Altai or Northern Altay is one of two Turkic languages spoken in the Altay Republic of Russia on the border of Mongolia, the People's Republic of China, and Kazakhstan. Though traditionally considered one language, Southern Altai is not fully mutually intelligible with the Northern varieties. Written Altai is based on Southern Altai, and is rejected by Northern Altai children.
Northern Altai
Altai, Northern
Northern Altai language
Atsugewi is an extinct Palaihnihan language of northeastern California spoken by the Hat Creek and Dixie Valley people. In 1962, there were four speakers out of an ethnic group of 200, all elderly.
Atsugewi
Atsugé
Idioma atsugewi
Atsugewi language
Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Auaqué, Aoaqui, Oewaku, ethnonym Uruak) is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. It is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate. Ethnic Arutani also speak Ninam.
Arutani
Idioma arutani
Arutani language
Merwari
Anejom̃ or Aneityum (also spelled Anejom, and formerly Aneiteum, Aneityumese) is an Oceanic language spoken by 600 people on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu.
Aneityum
Anejom
Aneityum language
Arta
Asumboa
Alugu
The Huaorani (Waorani) language, commonly known as Sabela (also Wao, Huao, Auishiri, Aushiri, Ssabela ; autonym: Wao Terero; pejorative: Auka, Auca) is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers. A small number of speakers with so-called uncontacted groups may live in Peru.
Auca
Huaorani
Idioma huaorani
Waorani
Huaorani language
The Anuta language is a Polynesian Outlier language from the island of Anuta in the Solomon Islands. It is closely related to the Tikopia language of the neighboring island of Tikopia.
Anuta
Anutische Sprache
Língua anuta
Anuta language
ǂKxʼauǁʼein is a southeastern variety of the !Kung dialect continuum, spoken in Botswana (Grootelaagte, Kanagas, and Ghanzi villages in Ghanzi District, and on the commercial farms) and in Namibia (Gobabis district (Ovamboland) and Ekoka) by about 7,000 people. In Botswana, most speakers are bilingual in Naro or Tswana.
Lingua ǂkx'auǁ'ein
ǂKxʼauǁʼein
=/Kx'au//'ein
Waray is an Australian language spoken in the Adelaide River area of the Northern Territory.
Waray
Waray (Australia)
Waray language
Aguna
Aushi
The Anuki language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Gabobora people along Cape Vogel in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.
Anuki
Anuki language
Awjila (also known as Aujilah, Augila, Aoudjila) is a Berber language spoken in Cyrenaica, Libya, in the Awjila oasis. UNESCO considers Awjilah to be seriously endangered as the youngest speakers have reached or passed middle age.
Awjilah
Awjila language
Heyo Arinua (Arinwa, Arima) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Lolopani and Ruruhip; this last it shares with Yahang.
Heyo
Heyo language
Aulua or Aulua Bay is an Oceanic language spoken in east Malekula, Vanuatu.
Aulua
Aulua language
Asu is a language spoken in the Niger State in Western Nigeria.
Asu (Nigeria)
Asu language
Molmo One
One, Molmo
Auyokawa is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Jigawa State, Nigeria.
Auyokawa
Auyokawa language
Tirio Makayam (Makaeyam) Aturu (Adulu, Atura) is Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Makayam
Makayam language
The A or Korur language, Anus or Korurnus, is an Austronesian language spoken on an island in Jayapura Bay east of the Tor River in Papua province of Indonesia (in Western New Guinea).
Anus
Anus language
Korur
Korur language
Aruek
Warembori (native name Waremboivoro) is a moribund language spoken by about 600 people in river mouths on the north coast of Papua, Indonesia.
Warembori
Warembori language
Austral (Reo Tuha’a pae) is a Polynesian language spoken by about 8000 people on the Austral Islands of French Polynesia. It is being supplanted by Tahitian.
Austral
Langues australes
Austral language
Auye
Awyi
Aurá is an extinct Tupi language last spoken by two individuals in Maranhão, Brazil. It is considered an endangered language. Both speakers lived with the Guajá, but originally came from Pará.
Aurá
Aurá language
Awiyaana
Uzbeki Arabic (also known as Jugari, Kashkadarya Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by a few hundred people in the Bukhara province of Uzbekistan. Few members of the ethnic group now speak Arabic. There is no diglossia with Standard Arabic. It is a variety of Central Asian Arabic.
Uzbeki Arabic
Arabic, Uzbeki
The modern Avar language (self-designation магӀарул мацӀ maharul macʼ "language of the mountains" or Авар мацI awar macʼ "Avar language") belongs to the Avar–Andic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family.
Avaric
Awarisch
avar
avaric
avaro
Avar
Avar language
Awarische Sprache
Idioma ávaro
Lingua avara
Língua avar
Avau
Alviri-Vidari is an Iranian language spoken in Iran, near Saveh in the Markazi Province. It is classified as one of the Northwestern Iranian languages. Its ISO 639-3 code is avd.
Alviri-Vidari
Alviri-Vidari language
Avestan is an East Iranian language known only from its use as the language of Zoroastrian scripture, i.e. the Avesta, from which it derives its name. Its area of composition comprised – at least – Bactria (Gandahara, Vedic: Gandhāra), Arachosia (Quetta), Drangiana (Ribat), and Gedrosia (Balochistan) have been regarded as a likely archaeological reflection of early East Iranian culture as described in the Avesta. Its status as a sacred language has ensured its continuing use for new compositions long after the language had ceased to be a living language.
Avestan
Avestisch
avestan
avestique
avéstico
Avestan language
Avestique
Avestische Sprache
Idioma avéstico
Lingua avestica
Língua avéstica
Avikam is one of the Lagoon languages of Ivory Coast, spoken in Grand Lahou Département, Avikam Canton, South Department. It is a Kwa language, closely related to Alladian, but other than that its position is unclear.
Avikam
Avikam language
Wusi
Kotava
Bedawi Arabic (also known as Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic [ISO 639-3], Bedawi, Levantine Bedawi Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Bedouins mostly in eastern Egypt, and also in Jordan, Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Syria. Dialects include Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic, South Levantine Bedawi Arabic, and North Levantine Bedawi Arabic.
Bedawi Arabic
Árabe bedawi
Arabic, Eastern Egyptian Bedawi
Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
Angkamuthi
Avatime, also known as Afatime, Sideme, or Sia, is a Kwa language of the Avatime (self designation: Kedone (m.sg.)) people of eastern Ghana. The Avatime live primarily in the seven towns and villages of Amedzofe, Vane, Gbadzeme, Dzokpe, Biakpe, Dzogbefeme, and Fume.
Avatime
Avatime language
Agavotaguerra
Aushiri (Auxira) is an extinct Zaparoan language formerly spoken in Peru. It was spoken in the area of the tributaries to the right bank of the Napo River, in the Escuelacocha region.
Aushiri
Aushiri language
Au is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Au language
Waskia (Vaskia, Woskia) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken on half of Karkar Island, and a small part of the shore on the mainland, by 20,000 people; language use is vigorous. The Waskia share their island with speakers of Takia, and Oceanic language which has been restructured under the influence of Waskia, which is the inter-community language.
Waskia
Waskia language
Avokaya (also spelled Abukeia, Avukaya, or, in Arabic script, ) is a Central Sudanic language spoken in southern South Sudan and parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Avokaya speakers occupy a contiguous area along both sides of the international boundary, with Maridi in South Sudan and Faradje in Congo as the main centres of the language. In 2002, the number of Avokaya speakers in South Sudan was estimated to be 40,000, replacing the inaccurate 1982 estimate of 15,000. However, the 1989 estimate of 25,000 speakers in the Congo still stands.
Avokaya
Avokaya language
Avá-Canoeiro
Awadhi (Devanagari: अवधी) is an Indo-Aryan language, part of the Hindi-Urdu continuum. It is spoken chiefly in the Awadh (Oudh) region of Uttar Pradesh, although its speakers are also found in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Nepal. Furthermore, the Fiji Hindi dialect spoken by Indo-Fijians is considered a variant of Awadhi, although it has Bhojpuri influence. Awadhi in slightly different forms (influenced by Brij Bhasha, Bundeli and Bagheli) is also spoken in the Vatsa country (Lower Doab) south of Awadh region which includes Kanpur and Allahabad. It is also spoken in most of the Caribbean countries where the people of Uttar Pradesh were taken as indentured workers by the British India government. According to 2001 census, it ranks 29th in the List of languages by number of native speakers in World.
Awadhi
avadhi
awadhi
Awadhi language
Lingua awadhi
Awa
Awa (Papua New Guinea)
Cipu (Cicipu), or Western Acipa, is a Benue–Congo language spoken by about 20,000 people in northwest Nigeria. The people call themselves Acipu.
Cicipu
Cipu
cipu language
The Aweti language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages.
Awetí
Awetï language
Anguthimri
Awbono is a recently described language spoken by a hundred monolingual people in the southeast of Papua province, Indonesia. The language is related to neighboring Bayono, with which it shares half its vocabulary, but is otherwise unclassified.
Awbono
Awbono language
Aekyowm (Akium), also known as Awin (Aiwin) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Aekyom
Awin language
Awabakal (also Awabagal) is an Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken around Lake Macquarie and Newcastle in New South Wales. The name is derived from Awaba, which was the native name of the lake.
Awabakal
Awabakal language
Arawum
Owenia
The Awngi language, in older publications also called Awiya (an inappropriate ethnonym), is a Central Cushitic language spoken by the Awi people, living in Central Gojjam in northwestern Ethiopia. The language is classified as Southern Central Cushitic or Southern Agaw in the literature, and as such belongs to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family.
Awngi
Língua awngi
Awngi language
Awak
Awera is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. It's spoken on the east side of Geelvink Bay, in a single village which has a majority of Ansus speakers.
Awera
Awera language
South Awyu
Awyu, South
Araweté
Central Awyu
Awyu, Central
Copainalá Zoque
Zoque, Copainalá
Jair Awyu
Awyu, Jair
Wasa
Awun
Awara
Edera Awyu
Awyu, Edera
The Abipón language was a native American language of the Mataco–Guaycuru family that was at one time spoken in Argentina by the Abipón people. Its last speaker is thought to have died in the 19th century.
Abipon
Abipón
Abipón language
Ayerrerenge
Mato Grosso Arára (also disambiguated as Arara do Beiradão or Arara do Rio Branco, and also known as Koaiá ~ Koayá) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population numbers about 150.
Idioma arára
Mato Grosso Arára
Arára, Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso Arára language
Aka, also known as Yaka or Beka, is a Bantu language spoken in the Central African Republic and Republic of Congo, along the Ubangi River dividing the two countries.
Yaka
Aka language
Yaka (Central African Republic)
Wasu (Waçu, Wassú) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population is about 1,500.
Wasu
Wasu language
Lower Southern Aranda
Aranda, Lower Southern
Middle Armenian , also called Cilician Armenian, corresponds to the second period in written Armenian with which numerous books were published between the 12th and 18th centuries. It comes after Grabar (Old Armenian) and before Ashkharhabar (Modern Armenian).
Middle Armenian
Armenian, Middle
Xârâgurè
Xaragure
Awar
Ayizo Gbe
Gbe, Ayizo
Southern Aymara is a language spoken in Perú between Lake Titicaca and the Pacific Ocean.
Southern Aymara
Aymara, Southern
Southern Aymara language
Ayabadhu
Ayere is a divergent Volta–Niger language of Nigeria, closely related only to Ahaan.
Ayere
Ayere language
Ginyanga
Hadhrami Arabic (also known as Hadrami Arabic [ISO-639-3]) is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Hadhrami people living in the . It is also spoken by many Hadhrami emigrants who migrated from to East Africa (Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania), South-east Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore) and, recently, to the other Gulf countries. Below is a brief account of the different linguistic levels of the dialect.
Hadrami Arabic
Arabic, Hadrami
Hadhrami Arabic
Leyigha
Wotapuri-Katarqalai
Akuku
Libyan Arabic (Lībi ليبي; also known as Sulaimitian Arabic) is a collective term for the closely related varieties of Arabic spoken in Libya. It can be divided into two major dialect areas; the eastern centred in Benghazi and Bayda, and the western centred in Tripoli and Misrata. The eastern variety extends beyond the borders to the east into western Egypt.
Libyan Arabic
Libysch-Arabisch
Árabe libio
Árabe líbio
Arabic, Libyan
Aymara (Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three million speakers. Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia. It is also spoken to a much lesser extent in Chile and in Northwest Argentina.
Aymara
aimara
aymara
Aymara language
Idioma aimara
Lingua aymara
Língua aimará
Sanaani Arabic (also known as North Yemeni Arabic) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in north Yemen. It is a variety of Yemeni Arabic.
Sanaani Arabic
Arabic, Sanaani
Ayoreo is a Zamucoan language spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia. It is also known as Morotoco , Moro, Ayoweo, Ayoré, and Pyeta Yovai. However, the name "Ayoreo" is more common in Bolivia, and "Morotoco" in Paraguay. It is spoken by Ayoreo, an indigenous ethnic group traditionally living on a combined hunter-gatherer and farming lifestyle.
Ayoreo
Ayoreo language
North Mesopotamian Arabic (also known as Maslawi meaning of Mosul) is a variety of Arabic spoken north of the Hamrin Mountains in Iraq, in western Iran, northern Syria, and in southeastern Turkey (in the eastern Mediterranean Region, Southeastern Anatolia Region, and southern Eastern Anatolia Region). Like Iraqi Arabic and Syrian Arabic, it shows some signs of an Aramaic substrate.
North Mesopotamian Arabic
Arabic, North Mesopotamian
Ayi is a language spoken by approximately 400 people in the southeast of Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea.
Ayi
Ayi (Papua New Guinea)
Ayi language
With approximately 510 speakers living in six villages in Papua New Guinea, Dumpu is a little-known Trans–New Guinea language. It is also known as Watifa or Watiwa. Surviving mostly as a secret language with which to talk amongst themselves when outsiders are present, the majority of the speakers use Tok Pisin in daily life. Due to its increasingly rare use, it is estimated that this language will be extinct in a few decades.
Dumpu
Watiwa
Dumpu language
Central Aymara (ISO 639-3: ayr) is a branch of the Aymara language spoken by more than 2,227,642 across Southern South America, including 1,785,000 in Bolivians in the high plane altiplano region west of the eastern Andes and more recently some in the Yungas and lowland regions due to internal migration. In Perú, 441,743 speak it in the Lake Titicaca area, especially around Pune. Furthermore there are 899 speakers in the far northern mountainous regions of Chile and quite a few speakers in Argentina, these are mostly sugar mill immigrant workers from Bolivia.
Central Aymara
Aymara, Central
Sorsogon Ayta
Ayta, Sorsogon
Mariveleño or Bataan is a Sambalic language. It has around 500 speakers (Wurm 2000) and is spoken within an Aeta community in Mariveles in the Philippines.
Idioma mariveleño
Magbukun Ayta
Ayta, Magbukun
Mariveleño language
Ayu is a minor and endangered Plateau language of Nigeria. Its subsequent classification is uncertain, but it may be one of the Ninzic languages (Blench 2008). It is not being passed on to many children.
Ayu
Ayu language
Tayabas Ayta
Ayta, Tayabas
The Ayamaru language, or Mai Brat, is spoken by the Ayamaru people in the many villages around the Ayamaru Lakes on the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. It is only distantly related to other languages, sharing 10% of its vocabulary with its nearest neighbors (apart from the very similar Karon Dori), though it may be part of the West Papuan family.
Mai Brat
Ayamaru language
Azha is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of China.
Azha
Azha language
South Azerbaijani (also known as South Azeri) is a variety of the Azerbaijani language spoken in northwestern Iran and neighboring regions of Iraq and Turkey. Other communities exist in Afghanistan and Syria. Dialects include Aynallu, Karapapakh, Tabriz, Afshari, Shahsavani, Moqaddam, Baharlu, Nafar, Qaragozlu, Pichagchi, Bayat, Qajar. An Arabic script is used to write South Azerbaijani. South Azerbaijani is influenced by the Persian language. While there is a fair degree of mutual intelligibility between South Azerbaijani and North Azerbaijani, there are also morphological and phonological differences between the two varieties, so much so that Ethnologue considers them to be distinct languages and they have separate ISO 639-3 codes.
South Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani, South
South Azerbaijani language
Eastern Durango Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Eastern Durango
Azerbaijani or Azeri or Azerbaijani Turkish (Azərbaycanca, Azərbaycan türkcəsi, Azərbaycan dili) is a language belonging to the Turkic language family, spoken in southwestern Asia by the Azerbaijani people, primarily in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Azerbaijani is member of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages and is closely related to Turkish, Qashqai and Turkmen.
Aserbaidschanisch
Azeri
azeri
azero
azerí
azéri
Aserbaidschanische Sprache
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani language
Azéri
Idioma azerí
Lingua azera
Língua azeri
azerbaigiano
azerbaijano
San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo
Amuzgo, San Pedro Amuzgos
North Azerbaijani (also known as North Azeri) is a variety of the Azerbaijani language spoken in Azerbaijan and neighboring regions of the Caucasus. Expatriate communities exist in Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. There are reported to be some North Azerbaijani speakers remaining in Armenia. Dialects include Quba, Derbend, Baku, Shamakhi, Salyan, Lenkaran, Qazakh, Airym, Borcala, Terekeme, Qyzylbash, Nukha, Zaqatala, Qabala, Yerevan, Nakhchivan, Ordubad, Ganja, Shusha, Karapapak. Dialect differences are slight.
North Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani, North
North Azerbaijani language
Wathawurrung
Ipalapa Amuzgo
Amuzgo, Ipalapa
Western Durango Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Western Durango
Awing
Faire Atta
Atta, Faire
Highland Puebla Nahuatl is one of the indigenous Nahuatl language variants, spoken by ethnic Nahua people in northwestern Puebla state in Mexico. Also known as: Náhuat de la Sierra de Puebla, Sierra Puebla Náhuatl, Sierra Aztec, Zacapoaxtla Náhuat, and Mejicano de Zacapoaxtla. The language is characterized by being nontonal, having affixes and having long words.
Highland Puebla Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Highland Puebla
Berta, Wetawit, is spoken by the Berta (or Bertha) in Sudan and Ethiopia. It is a language isolate which has been also included as branch of the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. It has the typical word order subject–verb–object. It is a tonal language. It has significantly influenced some of the Eastern Jebel languages. The Arabic name "Beni-Shangul" (as in the Ethiopian province of Benishangul-Gumuz) derives from a Berta expression (with bele "rock/stone" misanalyzed as Arabic beni "sons"). Berta has several dialects (some quite divergent) including: Bake, Dabuso, Gebeto, Mayu, and Shuru. Fadashi and Undu are divergent enough to be considered separate languages, in which case the dialect name Gebeto may be used for the rest of Berta.
Berta
Idioma berta
Berta language
Babatana
Bainouk-Gunyuño
Badui
Baré (Barawana) is an Arawakan language, probably extinct, of Venezuela and Brazil. Aikhenvald (1999) reports "just a few old speakers left" of Baré proper, and that the Guinau variety was extinct. Ethnologue (2009) reports "no known speakers". Kaufman (1994) considers Baré proper, Guinau, and extinct Marawá to be distinct languages; Aikhenvald, dialects of a single languages. (Marawá is not the same language as Marawán.)
Baré
Baré language
Nubaca
The Ki language, Tuki (Baki, Oki), is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.
Tuki
Ki language
Bahamian is an English-based creole language spoken by approximately 400,000 people in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Bahamian Creole
Bahamas Creole English
Creole English, Bahamas
Barakai is one of the Aru languages, spoken by inhabitants of the Aru Islands.
Barakai
Barakai language
The Bashkir language (башҡорт теле başqort tele, pronounced ) is a Turkic language, and is the language of the Bashkirs. It is co-official with Russian in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Bachkir
Baschkirisch
Bashkir
baschiro
bashkir
Baschkirische Sprache
Bashkir language
Idioma bashkir
Lingua baschira
Língua bashkir
bachkir
Balochi is a Northwestern Iranian language. It is the principal language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is also spoken as a second language by some Brahui. It is designated as one of nine official languages of Pakistan.
Baluchi
Belutschisch
baloutchi
baluchi
balúchi
beluci
Balochi language
Baloutche
Belutschische Sprache
Idioma baluchi
Lingua baluchi
Língua balúchi
Bambara, more correctly known as Bamanankan (ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲), its designation in the language itself (literally Bamana(n) sound), is a language spoken in Mali by as many as six million people (including second language users). The Bambara language is the mother tongue of the Bambara ethnic group, numbering about 4,000,000 people, but serves also as a lingua franca in Mali (it is estimated that about 80% of the population speaks it as a first or second language). It is an Subject–object–verb language and has two tones.
Bambara
bambara
Bambara language
Bambara-Sprache
Idioma bambara
Lingua bambara
Língua bambara
Balinese or simply Bali is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3.3 million people on the Indonesian island of Bali, as well as northern Nusa Penida, western Lombok and eastern Java. Most Balinese speakers also know Indonesian.
Balinese
Balinesisch
balinais
balinese
balinés
balinês
Balinais
Balinese language
Balinesische Sprache
Lingua balinese
Língua balinesa
Waimaha
The Bantawa language is an endangered language group. It is a Tibeto-Burman language, Eastern Kiranti languages family, spoken in the eastern Himalayan hills of eastern Nepal by Rai ethnic groups. Bantawa speaking Population estimates vary between 20,000-60,000, though 35,000 speakers may be a more accurate count. It is experiencing Nepali language shift.
Bantawa
Língua bantawa
Bantawa language
Watakataui
Bavarian
Basaa (also spelled Bassa, Basa, Bissa) is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon. It is spoken by about 230,000 people in Centre and Littoral provinces.
Basa
Bassa
basa
Basa (Cameroon)
Basaa
Basaa language
Basaa-Sprache
Idioma basaa
bassa
Bada
Bada (Nigeria)
Vengo (Vəŋo), or Babungo, is the Grassfields Bantu language of the Vengo people from the village of Babungo in the Cameroonian Grassfields. The spelling Bamungo is also often found.
Babungo
Vengo
Vengo language
Bambili-Bambui
Bamum (Shüpamom "Bamum language"), or in its French spelling Bamoun, is one of the Benue–Congo languages of Cameroon, with approximately a quarter million speakers. The language is well-known for its original script developed by King Njoya and his palace circle around 1895. Cameroonian musicians Claude Ndam and Gerryland are native speakers of the language and use it in their music.
Bamum
Bamun
bamoun
bamun
Bamum language
Idioma bamum
Língua bamum
Batuley
Mewati is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about five million speakers in the Alwar, Bharatpur and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan, Mewat districts of Haryana, as well as parts of southern Pakistan (Sindh) and in Punjab. It contributed profoundly to Rajasthani literature in medieval periods.
Mewati
Mewati language
Bariba, also known as Baatonum (also Baatombu, Baatonu, Barba, Barganchi, Bargawa, Bargu, Baruba, Berba, Bogung, and Burgu) is the language of the Bariba people of Benin and Nigeria and had been the language of the state of Borgu. It is not closely related to other languages.
Baatonum
Bariba
Bariba language
Barai
The Batak Toba language is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called "Batak".
Batak Toba
Batak toba
Toba Batak language
Bau
Bangba (Abangba) is a minor Ubangian language of DRC Congo. It is not close enough to other Eastern Ngbaka languages for mutual intelligibility.
Bangba
Bangba language
Baibai is one of two Fas languages of Papua New Guinea. It is the eponymous language of the spurious Baibai family, which was posited when the Fas language was mistakenly swapped for the Kwomtari language Biaka in published data. It actually has little in common with Kwomtari, but is 40% cognate with Fas. (See Fas languages for details.)
Baibai
Baibai language
Barama
Bugan, Bogan, Pakan, or Buzhui (布甘语, 布干语, or 布赘语) is an Austro-Asiatic language. The existence of the Bugan language was not known by the rest of world until recently. There are about 3000 speakers, mostly in some villages in southern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China. Bugan is an analytic language, and word order and auxiliary words have important functions in the grammar.
Bugan
Pakan
Bugan language
Lombi is a language spoken in the Meme department of the Southwest Province of southwestern Cameroon by the Barombi (Barumbi, Balombi) people. It has a lexical similarity of 86% with Bankon, which is spoken in the nearby Moungo department of Littoral Province.
Barombi
rombi language
Ghɔmálá’, or Bamileke-Banjun (Bamiléké-Bandjoun), is a major Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Ghomala
Ghomala'
ghomala
Ghomala' language
Ghomala’
Ghomálá'
Chimalapa Zoque is a Zoquean language of Santa María Chimalapa and San Miguel Chimalapa villages in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Chimalapa Zoque
Zoque, Chimalapa
Babanki
Wotu
Bats (also Batsi, Batsbi, Batsb, Batsaw, Tsova-Tush) is the language of the Bats people, a Caucasian minority group, and is part of the Nakh family of Caucasian languages. It had 2,500 to 3,000 speakers in 1975.
Bats
Batsische Sprache
Lingua bats
Bats language
Babango
Uneapa (sometimes called "Bali") is an Oceanic language spoken by about 10,000 people on Bali Island, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.
Uneapa
Uneapa language
Konabéré
Bobo Madaré, Northern
Northern Bobo Madaré
West Banda is a minor Banda language, spoken by 10,000 or so people.. Dialects: Dakpa, Gbaga-Nord (Gbaga-2), Gbi, Vita, Wojo (Hodjo).
West Central Banda
Banda, West Central
West Banda language
Bamali
Girawa, also known as Bagasin (Begasin, Begesin), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Girawa
Girawa language
Wikngenchera
Bakpinka
Mburku is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Mburku
Mburku language
Kulung is one of the Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria. The number of speakers is not known; a figure of 15,000 was published in 1973.
Kulung
Kulung (Nigeria)
Kulung language
Karnai is an Austronesian language spoken by about 915 individuals in small villages near Wasu, Morobe Province, on Umboi Island, and near Saidor in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Karnai
Karnai language
Baba
Bubia
Menchum, or Befang, is a divergent Bantoid language of Cameroon. It may be a Grassfields language or closer to Tivoid.
Befang
Menchum language
Wunambal
Babalia Creole Arabic
Creole Arabic, Babalia
Central Bai
Bai, Central
Bainouk-Samik
Southern Balochi
Balochi, Southern
North Babar
Babar, North
Bamenyam
Bamu
Wudu
Baga Binari
Bariai
Baoulé is a Central Tano language spoken in Ivory Coast.
Baoulé
Baule
Língua baoulé
Baoulé language
Bardi (also Baardi, Baard) is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language. There are approximately 20 speakers out of an ethnic population of 380.
Bardi
Bardi language
Bunuba (Bunaba, Punuba, Punapa) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by some 160 older adults, most of whom live in or near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia.
Bunaba
Bunuba language
Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central), is one of the individual languages of the Bikol languages. It belongs to Coastal Bikol. It is spoken in Bicol Region of the Philippines (Region V).
Bicolano central
Central Bikol
Bikol, Central
Central Bikolano language
Bannoni
Wutun language (, Wǔtún huà), is a Chinese–Tibetan–Mongolian mixed language. It is spoken by about 2,000 people, most of whom are classified as Monguor (Tu) by the Chinese government, living in two villages (Upper and Lower Wutun) in Tongren County, in the eastern part of the Qinghai province in western People's Republic of China.
Wutunhua
Wutun language
Bali (also known as Bibaali, Maya, Abaali, Ibaale, or Ibaali) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by 100,000 people in Demsa, Adamawa, Nigeria.
Bali
Bali (Nigeria)
Bali language
Kaluli, or Bosavi, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Named dialects are Ologo, Kaluli, Walulu, Kugenesi, but differences are not significant.
Kaluli
Kaluli language
Bali (Kibali, Libaali) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is not close to other Bantu languages.
Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Bench (also called Gimira, considered a derogatory term) is a Northern Omotic language of the "Gimojan" subgroup, spoken by about 174,000 people (as of 1998) in the Bench Maji Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, in southern Ethiopia, around the towns of Mizan Teferi and Shewa Gimira. It has three mutually intelligible dialects: Bench proper, She, and Mer. In unusual variance from most of the other languages in Africa, Bench has retroflex consonant phonemes. The language is also noteworthy in that it has six phonemic tones, one of only a handful of languages in the world that have this many.
Bench
Gimira
Língua bench
Bench language
Babine–Witsuwiten or Nadot’en-Wets’uwet’en is an Athabaskan language spoken in the Central Interior of British Columbia. Its closest relative is Carrier. Because of this linguistic relationship together with political and cultural ties, Babine–Witsuwiten is often referred to as Northern Carrier or Western Carrier. Specialist opinion is, however, that it should be considered a separate, though related, language (Kari 1975, Story 1984, Kari and Hargus 1989).
Babine
Babine-Witsuwit'en language
The Humono language, Kohumono (Bahumono, Ohumono), is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Kohumono
Humono language
Bendi
Awad Bing is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,100 people in seven villages near Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Almost all speakers also use Tok Pisin as a second language. Awad Bing is also spoken by a few Ngaing for trading purposes.
Awad Bing
Awad bing
Awad Bing language
Shoo-Minda-Nye
Bana is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects include Gamboura and Gili.
Bana
Bana language
Bacama is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Numan and Guyuk LGAs, and in Kaduna State northeast of Kaduna town. Dialects are Mulyen, Opalo, and Wa-Duku. Bacama is used as a trade language. It is often considered the same languages as Bata.
Bacama
Bacama language
Silimo
Bainouk-Gunyaamolo
Bayot (Baiot, Baiote, Bayotte) is a language of southern Senegal, southwest of Ziguinchor in a group of villages near Nyassia, in northwestern Guinea-Bissau, along the Senegalese border, and in The Gambia.
Bayot
Bayotte
Bayot language
Basap
Baudó Emberá Baudó is an Embera language of Colombia. It is partially intelligible with both Northen Embera and Eperara, and it's not clear which branch of Embera it belongs to.
Emberá chamí
Emberá-Baudó
Baudo language
Bunama
Bade (also spelled Bede or Bedde) is a West Chadic language spoken by the Bade people in Yobe State and Jigawa State, Nigeria. Their traditional ruler is the Emir of Bade. There are three major dialects of Bade, Western Bade, Gashua Bade (spoken in Gashua), and Southern Bade. Speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Bade
Bade language
Biage
Wumbvu
Bonggi
Baka (Tara Baka) is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan, with a couple thousand speakers in the DRC.
Baka
Baka (Sudan)
Baka language
Burun is a Luo language of Sudan. It forms a dialect continuum with Mabaan.
Burun
Burun language
Bai (Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan.
Bai
Bai language
Budukh or Budugh is a Samur language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan. It was reportedly spoken by approximately 1,000 Budukhs in 1990, but Authier (2010) reports at most 200 speakers.
Buduchische Sprache
Budukh
Budukh language
Indonesian Bajau
Bajau, Indonesian
Buduma (also known as Boudouma, Yidena, Yedima, Yedina, Yidana) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in western Chad and neighboring Cameroon and Nigeria.
Buduma
Buduma language
Bungu (Kibungu, Wungu) is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Bungu
Bungu language
Baldemu is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Speakers have been shifting to Fulfulde.
Baldemu
Baldemu language
Morom
Bende
The Bahnar language is a Central Bahnaric language. It has nine vowel qualities and phonemic vowel length.
Bahnar
Bahnar language
West Coast Bajau
Bajau, West Coast
Burunge is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma Region.
Burunge
Burunge language
Bokoto
Oroko, or Bakundu-Balue, is a poorly known Bantu language spoken in Cameroon.
Oroko
Oroko language
Bodo Parja
Baham is a Papuan language spoken on the Bomberai Peninsula.
Baham
Baham language
Budong-Budong
Notes on the consonant inventory
Wurrugu
Wurrugu language
Bundjalung is an Australian Indigenous language of North-Eastern New South Wales.
Bandjalang
Bandjalang language
Badeshi
Danezaa (ᑕᓀᖚ Dane-zaa, Dunneza), also known as Tsattine or traditionally as Beaver, is an Athabascan language of western Canada. About half of the Danezaa people speak the language.
Beaver
Langue Danezaa
Danezaa language
Bebele
Iceve-Maci
Bedoanas
Byangsi (Rangkas) was a West Himalayish language of India and Nepal.
Byangsi
Byangsi language
Benabena (Bena) is a Papuan language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Benabena
Benabena language
Belait
Biali Berba is a Gur language of Benin. There are also a thousand or so speakers in Burkina, where they are believed to have originated.
Biali
Berba language
Bekati’ (Bekatiq, Bakati) is a Dayak language of Borneo.
Bekati'
Bakati’ language
Wutung (Udung) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea which is spoken in the villages of Wutung and Sangke. The two varieties are sometimes considered separate languages.
Wutung
Wutung language
Beja (also called Bedawi, Bedauye, To Bedawie) or North Cushitic is an Afro-Asiatic language of the southern coast of the Red Sea, spoken by about two million nomads, the Beja, in parts of Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea.
Bedscha
Beja
begia
beja
Bedauye
Bedawiyet
Beja language
Idioma beya
Lingua begia
Língua beja
bedja
Bebeli
The Belarusian language (беларуская мова, BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova, łac.: biełaruskaja mova), sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people. It is an official language of Belarus, along with Russian, and is spoken abroad, chiefly in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland. Prior to Belarus gaining its independence from the Soviet Union in 1992, the language was known in English as Byelorussian or Belorussian, transliterating the Russian name, , or alternatively as White Russian or White Ruthenian. Following independence, it was also called Belarusian.
Belarusian
Biélorusse
Weißrussisch
bielo-russo
bielorruso
bielorusso
Belarusian language
Idioma bielorruso
Lingua bielorussa
Língua bielorrussa
Weissrussisch
Weißrussische Sprache
biélorusse
The Bemba language, ChiBemba (also spelled Cibemba, Ichibemba, Icibemba and Chiwemba), is a major Bantu language spoken primarily in north-eastern Zambia by the Bemba people and as a lingua franca by about 18 related ethnic groups, including the Bisa people of Mpika and Lake Bangweulu, and to a lesser extent in Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Botswana. Including all its dialects, Bemba is the most spoken indigenous language in Zambia.
Bemba
bemba
wemba
Bemba (Zambia)
Bemba language
Bemba-Sprache
Idioma bemba
Lingua bemba
Língua bemba
Bengali (বাংলা Bangla ) is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal (recently proposed to change it to new English name Paschimbanga ) , and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script. With nearly 300 million total speakers, ) in the world.
Bengali
Bengalisch
bengalese
bengali
bengalí
Bengali language
Bengalische Sprache
Idioma bengalí
Lingua bengalese
Língua bengali
Beami (Bedamini, Bedamuni, Mougulu) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Komofio is a dialect.
Beami
Beami language
Besoa
Bembe (Kibembe) is a minor Bantu language of Congo. It is closely related to Kikongo. Pangwa (not the Pangwa of Tanzania) may be a dialect.
Beembe
Bembe (Kibembe) language
Besme
Guiberoua Béte
Béte, Guiberoua
Blagar
Wu (, ) is a grouping of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of spoken Chinese also known as a dialect family. Chinese varieties classified as Wu are primarily spoken in Zhejiang province, the municipality of Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu province.
Chino wu
Lingua wu
Língua wu
Wu Chinese
Chinese, Wu
Daloa Bété
Bété, Daloa
The Betawi language is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the native language of about 2,700,000 people (1993). It is a Malay-based creole, and closely related to Malay language. Betawi vocabulary have large amount of Hokkien Chinese, Arabic, and Dutch loanwords. The first person pronoun gue (I or me) and second person pronoun lu (you) also with numerical such as cepek (a hundred), gopek (five hundred), and seceng (a thousand) clearly demonstrate Hokkien dialect, while the words ente (you) and ane (me) clearly derived from Arabic.
Betawi
Betawi language
Jur Modo, also known as Jur or Modo, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Jur Modo people of South Sudan. Dialects are Lori, Modo (Jur Modo, Modo Lali), Wira, Wetu. It is a tonal language.
Jur Modo
Modo
Jur Modo language
Beli is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Akuwagel, Makarim, Mukili.
Beli
Beli (Papua New Guinea)
Beli language
Bena is a Bantu language spoken by the Bena people of the Iringa region of Tanzania.
Bena
Bena (Tanzania)
bena
béna
Bena language
This article is about the language for the ethnic group see Kuku people. The Kuku language, also called Kutuk na Kuku (Kuku language) belongs to the Bari language group, of the Southeastern Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family of the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda. There is no standardized writing system for Kuku; it is sometimes written using the alphabet of a related language such as Bari or Kakwa, with the addition of characters to represent sounds that are not present in the other language. For example, the Bari alphabet can be adjusted for use in Kuku by adding the digraphs gb and kp to represent the voiced and voiceless labiovelar stops, respectively.
Bari
Kuku
Kuku dialect
Pauri Bareli is a Bhil language of India. It is close to two other languages called Bareli, Rathwi (not Rathwi Bhilali) and Palya, as well as to Kalto, but is not mutually intelligible with them.
Pauri Bareli
Bareli, Pauri
Pauri Bareli language
Northern Bai
Bai, Northern
The Bafut language, Fut, is an Eastern Grassfields language of the Niger–Congo languages, and related to Bamum. Oral tradition traces dynastic origins to the Ndobo or Tikari areas. It is spoken by people of Bafut Subdivision, Tuba, in the division of Mezam and in the division of Metchum in Northwest Province, Cameroon.
Bafut
bafut
fut language
Tena
Betaf
Bofi (Boffi) is a Ubangian language spoken in Boda and Bimbo subprefectures in southwestern Central African Republic. Those speakers in Bimbo are mostly Bambenga pygmies. Although they no longer live in the forest, their area was forested in 1950.
Bofi
Bofi language
Busang Kayan
Kayan, Busang
Blafe
British Sign Language (BSL) is the sign language used in the United Kingdom (UK), and is the first or preferred language of some deaf people in the UK; there are 125,000 deaf adults in the UK who use BSL plus an estimated 20,000 children. The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head. Many thousands of people who are not deaf also use BSL, as hearing relatives of deaf people, sign language interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British deaf community.
British Sign Language
Langue des signes britannique
Língua de sinais britânica
The Bafanji language, Chuufi (Nchufie), is spoken in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. There are approximately 17,000 speakers. The language has a rich system of tonal morphology, including reduplication involving adjectives.
Bafanji
Bafanji language
Ban Khor Sign Language (BKSL) is a sign language used by about 1,000 people of a rice-farming community in the villages of Ban Khor and Plaa Pag in a remote area of Isan (northeastern Thailand). Ban Khor proper and Plaa Pag are dialects, with some 80% of signs in common. It developed about 60–80 years ago due to a high number of deaf people. Preliminary observation has tentatively suggested it may be a language isolate, independent of the other indigenous sign languages of Thailand such as Old Bangkok Sign Language and the national Thai Sign Language. Two other reported village sign languages of the BKSL area, Huay Hai Sign Language and Na Sai Sign Language, have not been compared with BKSL, and it is not known if they are distinct languages.
Ban Khor Sign Language
Língua de sinais de Ban Khor
Zou (also known as Zome, Zom, or Zomi) is a language originating in Burma. It is spoken by the Zou people in Burma and India, as well as by the Zomi people in Zogam.
Zou
Zou language
Banda-Ndélé
The Wuvulu-Aua language is one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Seimat and the extinct Kaniet. The language is spoken on Wuvulu and Aua Islands by approximately 1500 people in the Manus Province of Papua New Guinea.
Wuvulu-Aua
Wuvulu-aua
Wuvulu-Aua language
Mmen
The Bunak language (also known as Bunaq, Buna', Bunake) is the language of the Bunak people of the mountainous region of central Timor, split between the political boundary between West Timor, Indonesia, particularly in Lamaknen District and East Timor. It is one of the few on Timor which is not an Austronesian language, but rather a Papuan language like groups on New Guinea. It is usually put in the proposed language group Trans–New Guinea. The language is surrounded by Malayo-Polynesian languages, like the Atoni and the Tetum.
Bunak
Búnaque
Bunak language
Malba Birifor
Birifor, Malba
Beba
The Badaga language (Badaga: படக பாஷை ,, ) is a southern Dravidian language (Tamil–Kannada branch) spoken by approximately 400,000 people (the Badagas) in the Nilgiri Hills in Southern India. It is known for its retroflex vowels. The word Badaga refers to the Badaga language as well as the Badaga community/tribe. The Badagas were the Kannada speaking people from Mysore in Karnataka state, India.
Badaga
Badaga language
Bazigar
Southern Bai
Bai, Southern
' Balti (; ) is a language spoken in Baltistan, in Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan and adjoining parts of Ladakh. Baltistan, before 1948, was part of Ladakh province. The Balti language is a dialect of the Ladakhi language, a form of Tibetan. It is mutually intelligible with Ladakhi proper and Burig. Many of the written consonants that are silent in Standard Tibetan are pronounced in the Balti language.
Balti
Idioma balti
Lingua balti
Língua balti
Balti dialect
Balti language
Gahri, also known as Ghara, Lahuli of Bunan, Boonan, Punan, Poonan, Erankad, Keylong Boli or Bunan is a Tibeto-Burman language (Sino-Tibetan stock) spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The language is spoken in the Gahr Valley along the Bhaga River from its confluence with the Chandra River and upstream about , including villages such as Biling, Kardang, Kyelang, Guskyar, Yurnad, Gumrang, Barbog, Paspara, Pyukar and. The number of people speaking the language is only approximately 4,000 in India, according to 1998 data from Ethnologue.
Gahri
Gahri language
The Bonda language, also known as Bondo or Remo, is a language spoken by the Bonda people of India.
Bondo
Bonda language
Bantayanon
Bagheli (Devanagari: बघेली or बाघेली) is a language of the Baghelkhand region of central India. It is often considered to be a dialect of Hindi language, and is classified such by the Indian Census Report (1991).
Bagheli
Bagheli language
Wulna is a presumably extinct indigenous language of Australia. It had one speaker left in 1981.
Wulna
Wulna language
Mahasu Pahari
Pahari, Mahasu
Gwamhi-Wuri
Bobongko
Haryanvi (Devanagari: हरियाणवी , also हरयाणवी ), also known as Bangru (बांगरू ), is the northernmost dialect of the Hindi language. It is most widely spoken in the North Indian state of Haryana, and also in Delhi. According to linguistic research, Haryanvi is very similar to Braj Bhasha and has 65% lexical similarity with the Bagri language.
Hariani
Haryanvi
Haryanvi language
Rathwi Bareli
Bareli, Rathwi
Bauria
Bangandu is a Ubangian language of Cameroon and Congo. Its placement in the Ubangian family is unclear: Ethnologue lists it in with the Gbaya languages, but says that it might be related to Ngombe (CAR), which is itself uncertain, being listed as Ngbaka but possibly intelligible with Southwest Gbaya.
Bangandu
Bangandu language
Khowa, or Bugun, is a small Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India.
Bugun
Khowa language
Giangan
Bangolan
Bit is a language spoken by around 1,500 people in northern Laos, concentrated in the provinces of Louang Namtha and Phongsali. There are thought to be about another 500 speakers over the border in Yunnan Province, China. It has been classified as Khmuic, Palaungic, and as Mangic.
Bit
Bit language
Buxinhua
Wauyai
Bo (Laos)
Baga Mboteni is a nearly extinct Senegambian language of Guinea.
Baga Mboteni
Baga Mboteni language
Western Balochi
Balochi, Western
Baga Koga
Eastern Balochi
Balochi, Eastern
Bagri (बागड़ी) is a dialect of Rajasthani language of the Indo-Aryan family. It is spoken by about five million speakers in Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar districts of Rajasthan, Sirsa and Hissar districts of Haryana, Firozepur and Muktsar districts of Punjab of India and Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar areas of Punjab of Pakistan. Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language having SOV word order. The most prominent phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, level, and low. The Bagri language has a very high 65% lexical similarity with Haryanvi.
Bagri
Bagri language
Bawm Chin
Chin, Bawm
Waama, or Yoabu, is a Gur language of Benin.
Waama
Waama language
Tagabawa
Bughotu
Mbongno (Bungnu), also known as Kamkam, is a Mambiloid language of Nigeria, with an unknown number of speakers in Cameroon.
Mbongno
Kamkam language
Warkay-Bipim
Bhatri
Balkan Gagauz Turkish (also known as Balkan Turkic) is a Turkic language spoken in European Turkey, Greece, and in the Kumanovo and Bitola areas of the Republic of Macedonia. Dialects include Gajal, Gerlovo Turk, Karamanli, Kyzylbash, Surguch, Tozluk Turk, Yuruk, and Macedonian Gagauz. This is a different language from Gagauz and Turkish.
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
Balkan Gagauz Turkish language
Turkish, Balkan Gagauz
Benggoi
The Banggai language is the main language spoken by the inhabitants of the Banggai Archipelago off the island of Sulawesi.
Banggai
Banggai language
Bharia
Bhili
Biga
Wakabunga
Bhadrawahi
Bhaya
The Busa language, also known as Odiai (Uriai), is a language isolate in northwestern Papua New Guinea. There were 244 speakers at the time of the 2000 census.
Odiai
Busa language
Binandere
Bukhori ( – boxārī, Tajik and Bukhori Cyrillic: – buxorī; Bukhori Hebrew script: בוכארי – buxori; also known as Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan, Bukharian, Judeo-Tajik, Local Jewish Language, Samarkand Jewish Dialect of Tajik) is a unique dialect of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia by the Bukharian Jews. Hence, a more descriptive name for the language might be Judæo-Persian or Judæo-Tajik.
Bukharic
Idioma bújaro
Língua bujara
Bukhori language
Bhilali
Bahing (also known as Rumdali) is a language spoken by 2,765 people (2001 census) of the Bahing ethnic group in the Okhaldhunga district of Nepal. It belongs to the family of Kiranti languages, a subgroup of Tibeto-Burman.
Bahing
Bahing language
Dorig (sometimes called Wetamut) is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu.
Dorig
Dorig language
Wetamut
Albay Bicolano, Buhi-Oasnon-Daraga Bikol or simply Albayanon is one of the three languages that compose Inland Bikol. It is spoken in Buhi, Camarines Sur, western coast of Albay and northwestern Sorsogon. Its dialects include Buhi-non, Libon, Oasnon, Daragueño. It is one of the 13 major languages and the largest unrecognized regional language in the Philippines.
Albay Bikolano language
Bimin
Bathari (also known as Bautahari, Botahari, Bathara) is an endangered Semitic language spoken in a small area of Yemen and Oman.
Bathari
Bathari language
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic is a modern Eastern Neo-Aramaic language. Originally, Bohtan Neo-Aramaic was spoken on the Plain of Bohtan in Şırnak Province of southeastern Turkey, but it is now spoken mostly around the village of Gardabani, near Rustavi in Georgia.
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
Neo-Aramaic, Bohtan
Bhojpuri is a language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. It is spoken in the western part of state of Bihar, the northwestern part of Jharkhand, and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh (UP), as well as adjoining parts of the Nepal Terai. Bhojpuri is also spoken in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius. The variant of Bhojpuri of the Surinamese Hindustanis is also referred to as Sarnami Hindustani, Sarnami Hindi or just Sarnami and has experienced considerable Creole and Dutch lexical influence. More Indians in Suriname know Bhojpuri compared to Guyana and Trinidad where the language is largely forgotten.
Bhojpuri
bhojpuri
Bhodjpouri
Bhodschpuri
Bhojpuri language
Idioma bopurí
Lingua bhojpuri
Língua bhojpuri
The Bima language, or Bimanese, is the language of the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. It is closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast. There are over half a million Bima speakers.
Bima
Bima language
Tukang Besi South
Bara Malagasy
Malagasy, Bara
Buwal (also known as Ma Buwal, Bual, Gadala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province in and around Gadala.
Buwal
Buwal language
Bhattiyali
Bhunjia
Bahau
Biak (referred to locally as wós Vyak ‘Biak Language’ or wós kovedi ‘Our Language’ and Bahasa Biak in Indonesian. Also known as: Biak-Numfor, Noefoor, Mafoor, Mefoor, Nufoor, Mafoorsch, Myfoorsch and Noefoorsch) is an Austronesian language which has been classified as one of 41 languages of the South Halmahera-West New Guinea subgroup of Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Languages. It is spoken in Biak and Numfor and numerous small islands in this archipelago in the province of Papua, Indonesia by about 30,000 people.
Biak
Biak language
The Warrwa language are an extinct Australian Aboriginal language which was formerly spoken in Western Australia. It was also known as Warrawai or Warwa.
Warrwa
Warrwa language
Bhalay
Bhele (Ebhele), or Piri (Kipiri), is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bhele
Bhele language
Bada (Indonesia)
Badimaya is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is a member of the Kartu subgroup of the Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Badimaya
Badimaya language
Bissa (Bisa) is a Mande language spoken by the Bissa people of Burkina Faso, Ghana, and (marginally) Togo. Dialects are Barka, Lebir, Lere.
Bisa
Bissa
Bissa language
Bikaru
Bidiyo (also known as Bidyo, Bidio, Bidio, Bidiyo, Bidiyo-Waana, Bidiya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.
Bidiyo
Bidiyo language
Bepour
Biafada is a Senegambian language of Guinea-Bissau.
Biafada
Biafada language
Biangai
Kwanka is a dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria. Kwanka is an alternate name of the principal dialect, Vaghat; the others are Ya (Boi), Bijim, and Legeri.
Kwanka
Kwanka language
Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri
Wawa is a Mambiloid language spoken in a small region of Cameroon and in an adjoining bit of Nigeria. It is spoken by about 3000 people in three main dialects.
Wawa
Wawa language
Bikol
Bikol-Sprache
bicol
bikol
’Bile is one of the Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria.
Bile
Bile language
Bimoba
Edo (with full diacritics, ; also called Bini (Benin)) is a Volta–Niger language spoken primarily in Edo State, Nigeria. It was and remains the primary language of the Edo people of Igodomigodo. The Igodomigodo kingdom was renamed Edo by Oba Eweka, after which the Edos refer to themselves as Oviedo child of Edo. The Edo capital was Ubinu, known as Benin City to the Portuguese who first heard about it from the coastal Itsekhiri, who pronounced it this way; from this the kingdom came to be known as the Benin Empire in the West.
Edo
bini
Édo
Bini
Bini-Sprache
Edo language
Idioma edo
Lingua edo
Língua edo
Nai or Biaka is a language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Amanab District, Sandaun Province, in three villages: Konabasi, Biaka, and Amini.
Nai
Nai language
Bila
The Bipi language is the westernmost West Manus language. It is spoken by approximately 1200 people on the Bipi and Sisi Islands off the west coast of Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has SVO word order.
Bipi
Bipi language
Bisorio
Bislama is a creole language, one of the official languages of Vanuatu. It is the first language of many of the "Urban ni-Vanuatu" (those who live in Port Vila and Luganville), and the second language of much of the rest of the country's residents. "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi", the Vanuatu national anthem, is in Bislama.
Bislama
bichlamar
bislama
bislamá
Bichelamar
Lingua bislama
Língua bislamá
bichelamar
Berinomo
Biete (Bete, Biate) is a Kukish language of India.
Biete
Biete language
Southern Birifor
Birifor, Southern
Waxianghua (瓦鄉話 / 瓦乡话) is considered a mixed language of Chinese and Miao in the northwestern part of Hunan province in China. Differences from Southwestern Mandarin and Xiang are many, and syntactic reversal phenomenal are frequent.
Waxianghua
Waxiang dialect
Kol is a Niger–Congo language of the Bantu family. According to the , it is spoken in the East Province of Cameroon, in the vicinity of Messaména. Alternate names for Kol language include Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bekol.
Kol
Kol (Cameroon)
Kol language
The Birjia language, Bijori, is a Munda language of India.
Bijori
Birjia language
The Birhor language is a Munda language spoken by the Birhor people in Orissa, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states in India.
Birhor
Birhor language
Loi is a Bantu language closely related to Lingala. It is often called Baloi, which is not actually the name of the language but the endonym for the Loi people.
Baloi
Loi language
Budza or Buja (Embudja, Limbudza) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Budza
Budza language
Banggarla
Bariji
Biao Min, or Biao-Jiao Mien, is a Hmong–Mien language of China. The two varieties, Biao Min and Jiaogong Mian, are evidently not mutually intelligible.
Biao-Jiao Mien
Biao Min language
Mien, Biao-Jiao
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in three villages near Aqrah in Iraq. The native name of the language is Lishanid Janan, which means our language, and is similar to names used by other Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects (Lishan Didan, Lishanid Noshan).
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Neo-Aramaic, Barzani Jewish
Bijago, or Bidyogo, is the language of the Bissagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. There are some difficulties of grammar and intelligibility between dialects, with the Kamona dialect of Caravela and Carache Islands being unintelligible to the others.
Bidyogo
Bijago language
Bahinemo
Burji language (alternate names: Bembala, Bambala, Daashi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Burji people who reside in Ethiopia south of Lake Chamo. There are over 46,000 speakers in Ethiopia, and a further 10,400 speakers in Kenya. Burji belongs to the Highland East Cushitic group of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
Burji
Burji language
Wardandi
Kannauji language (Devanagari: क़न्नौजी) (also spelled Kanauji (क़नौजी or क़न‍उजी), Kanauji language) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Kannauji is closely related to Hindi, and some consider it to be a dialect of Hindi, while others consider it a separate Western Hindi language.
Kanauji
Kannauji
Barok
Bulu
Bulu (Papua New Guinea)
Bajelani
Banjar language is the native language used by the Banjarese people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. As many Banjarese are travelling merchants, they brought their language wherever they went all over Indonesia, even all over the world.
Banjar
Banjaresische Sprache
Banjar language
Wyandot is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known variously as Wyandot, Wyandotte, Wendat, or Huron. It was last spoken primarily in Oklahoma and Quebec. Linguists have traditionally considered Wyandot as a dialect or modern form of Wendat.
Wyandot
Wyandot language
Mid-Southern Banda
Banda, Mid-Southern
Fanamaket
Binumarien
Bajan is an English-based creole language spoken on the Caribbean island of Barbados. Bajan, like many other English-based Caribbean creole languages, consists of a West African substrate and an English superstrate. Bajan is similar but distinguishable from the creoles of neighbouring Caribbean islands, as many of the other Caribbean creoles are theorized to have Hiberno-English or Scottish English as their superstrate variety, for example Jamaican Patois.
Bajan
Bajan Creole
Balanta-Ganja
Busuu is an unclassified Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. R Breton noted in 1986 that there were just 8 speakers left, while as of 2005 there are 3 living speakers of the language.
Busuu
Busuu language
Bedjond
Bakwé is a Kru language of Ivory Coast.
Bakwé
Bakwé language
Banao Itneg
Itneg, Banao
Bayali
Baruga
Kyak (Nyakyak), Bambuka, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Kyak
Bambuka language
The Ngiyambaa language is a Pama–Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup. It was the traditional language of the Wangaaybuwan and Wayilwan peoples of New South Wales, Australia, but is now moribund; according to Donaldson by the 1970s there were only about ten people fluent in Wangaaybuwan, whilst there were only a couple of Wayilwan speakers left.
Ngiyambaa language
Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa
Baka (Cameroon)
Binukid
Talaandig
Beeke is a Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. Guthrie assigned to the Nyali cluster. However, Ethnologue suggests that it may be a divergent form of Bali. It is 65% cognate with Bali, but 38% with the Nyali language Ndaka.
Beeke
Beeke language
Buraka
Kogo, or Bakoko, Basoo, is a Bantu language of Cameroon.
Bakoko
Kogo language
Baki
Pande
Brokskat
Berik is a Papuan language spoken in eastern Papua. Speakers are located in four village groups on the Tor river towards the northern coast of Indonesian-controlled Irian Jaya. In 1994 it was estimated to have around 1200 speakers. It is regarded as one of the Tor–Kwerba languages. Illustrating this, in the phrase Kitobana (meaning "[he] gives three large objects to a male in the sunlight"), affixes indicating time of day, object number, object size, and gender of recipient are added to the verb.
Berik
Berik language
The Kom language, Itaŋikom, is the language spoken by the Kom people of Cameroon. Schultz 1997a and Schutz 1997b (available online) contain a comprehensive description of the language's grammar.
Kom
kom
Kom (Cameroon)
Kom language
Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec
Bukitan
Woiwurrung
Kwa'
Boko
Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Bakairí (Bacairí) is a Cariban language of Brazil.
Bakairí
Bakairi language
Bakumpai is an Austronesian language bellonging to West Barito languages. It is spoken by about 100 000 Bakumpai people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Bakumpai
Bakumpai language
Northern Sorsoganon
Sorsoganon, Northern
Vilamovian or Wilamowicean (Wymysiöeryś) is a West Germanic language spoken in the small town of Wilamowice (Wymysoj in Vilamovian) near Bielsko-Biała, on the border between Silesia and Lesser Poland in the historical region of Galicia. At present, there are about 70 native users of Vilamovian, the majority of them elderly people; Vilamovian is therefore a moribund language.
Wilmesaurisch
Lingua vilamoviana
Wilamowicien
Wymysorys
Vilamovian language
Boloki
The Buhid language is a language spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines. It is divided into eastern and western dialects.
Buhid
Buid
Buhid language
Bekwarra is a Bendi (Benue–Congo) language of Nigeria.
Bekwarra
Bekwarra language
Bekwel
Baikeno
Boki (Bokyi, Okii) is a regionally important Bendi (Benue–Congo) language of Nigeria, with a few thousand speakers in Cameroon.
Bokyi
Boki language
Bungku
Blackfoot, also known as Siksika (so called in ISO 639-3), Pikanii, and Blackfeet, is the Algonquian language spoken by the Blackfoot tribes of Native Americans, who currently live in the northwestern plains of North America. There are four dialects of Blackfoot, three of which are spoken in Alberta, Canada and one of which is spoken in the United States: Siksiká (Blackfoot), to the southeast of Calgary, AB; Kainai (Blood), spoken in Alberta between Cardston and Lethbridge; Aapátohsipikani (Northern Piegan), to the west of Fort MacLeod; and Aamsskáápipikani (Southern Piegan), in northwestern Montana.
Blackfoot-Sprache
Siksika
siksika
Blackfoot language
Idioma siksiká
Pied-noir
blackfoot
Bilua is the most populous Papuan language spoken in the Solomon Islands. It is a Central Solomons language spoken by about 9000 people on the island of Vella Lavella.
Bilua
Bilua language
Nuxálk (also Bella Coola) is a Salishan language spoken in the vicinity of the Canadian town Bella Coola, British Columbia by approximately 20-30 elders. Until recently, the language was called Bella Coola, but the native designation Nuxálk is now preferred.
Bella Coola
Nuxálk language
Bolango is a Philippine language spoken in North-eastern Sulawesi Indonesia. In 1981 it was spoken by some 20.000 people, 5000 in Bolango and 15.000 in Atingolla.
Bolango
Bolango language
Balanta-Kentohe
Buol (Bual, Bwo’ol, Bwool, Dia) is a Philippine language spoken in North-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Buol
Buol language
Balau
The Kuwaa language, also known as Belle, Belleh, Kowaao, and Kwaa, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken in northwestern Liberia, primarily in Lofa County. The speech of the Lubaisu and Gbade, the two Kuwaa clans, is differentiated only by minor variations in pronunciation.
Kuwaa
Kuwaa language
Wayoró
Bolia
Bolongan
PaO is a Karen language spoken by half a million PaO people in Burma.
Pa'O
Karen, Pa'o
Pa'O language
Pa'o Karen
Biloxi is an extinct Siouan language which was at one time spoken in Mississippi, Louisiana. and southeast Texas.
Biloxi
Biloxi language
’Beli, or Jur Beli, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Beli and Sopi people of South Sudan.
Beli (Sudan)
Southern Catanduanes Bikol
Bikol, Southern Catanduanes
The Anii or Basila language (also Baseca, Ouinji-Ouinji ~ Winji-Winji) is spoken in central eastern Ghana and central western Togo. It is part of the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo.
Anii
Basila language
Western Fijian is an Oceanic language spoken in Fiji by about 57,000 people.
Fidjien occidental
Western Fijian
Fijian, Western
Western Fijian language
Blablanga
Baluan-Pam
Blang (Pulang) is the language of the Blang people of Burma and China.
Blang
Blang language
Balaesang
Tai Dam, also known as Black Tai is a Tai language spoken by the Tai Dam in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and China (mostly in the Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County). It is called ภาษาไทดำ "Black Tai language" in Thai and Dǎidānyǔ 傣担语 in Chinese.
Tai Dam
Tai Dam language
Bolo
Balangao
Mag-indi or Baloga is a Sambalic language. It has around 5,000 speakers (SIL 1998) and is spoken within Aeta communities in San Marcelino, Zambales, and in the Pampango municipalities of Floridablanca and Porac.
Mag-Indi Ayta
Ayta, Mag-Indi
Mag-indi language
Notre
Balantak
Lame
Bembe (Ibembe) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. According to Ethnologue, it forms a dialect continuum with the Lega language through Mwenga Lega. It has no connection with the minor Bembe (Kibembe) language of the Republic of Congo.
Bembe
Bembe (Ibembe) language
Biem
Andalusian Arabic (also known as Andalusi Arabic, Spanish Arabic, or Moorish Arabic) was a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) under Muslim rule. It became an extinct language in Iberia after the expulsion of the Moriscos, which took place over a century after the Reconquista by Christian Spain. Andalusi Arabic is still used in Andalusi music and has significantly influenced the dialects of such towns as Fez, Rabat, Nedroma, Tlemcen, Blida, Cherchell, Tangiers, Tetouan, etc., to which many Andalusians and Moriscos fled. It also exerted some influence on Mozarabic, Spanish (particularly Andalusian), Catalan, Portuguese, and the Moroccan Arabic dialect.
Andalusian Arabic
Arabe andalou
Dialeto árabe andaluz
Árabe andalusí
Arabic, Andalusian
Baga Manduri
Manduri, Baga
Limassa
The Bom language (alternates: Bome; Bomo) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. It belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family and is particularly closely related to the Bullom So language. Most speakers are bilingual in Mende, and use of the Bom language is declining among members of the ethnic group.
Bom
Bom language
Bamwe
Kein
Bagirmi (or Baguirmi; autonym: ) is the language of the Baguirmi people of Chad, belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family. It is spoken by 44,761 people (as of 1993), mainly in the Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture. It was the language of the kingdom of Baguirmi.
Bagirmi
Bagirmi language
Bote-Majhi
Ghayavi
Bomboli
Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
Malagasy, Northern Betsimisaraka
Bina
Bina (Papua New Guinea)
Bambalang
Bulgebi
Bomu
Sambe is a nearly extinct Plateau language of Nigeria. Most Sambe have shifted to Ninzo.
Sambe
Sambe language
Muinane is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America.
Muinane
Muinane language
Bilma Kanuri
Kanuri, Bilma
Biao Mon
Somba-Siawari
Bum
Bomwali is a Bantu language of Congo and Cameroon.
Bomwali
Bomwali language
Baimak
The Bemba language of Congo, Kinyabemba, is a Bantu language of uncertain classification.
Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Baramu
Bonerate
Bookan
Bontoc (also spelled Bontok) is the native language of the indigenous Bontoc people of the Mountain Province, in the northern part of the Philippines.
Bontok
Bontoc language
Kachari (or Cachari) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 59,000 people in Assam, India.
Kachari
Kachari language
Banda is one of two languages of the Kei Islands, along with Kei itself.
Banda
Banda (Indonesia)
Banda language
Bintauna
Masiwang
Benga is a West Bantu family language spoken by the Benga people of Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It has a dialectical variation called Bapuku. Benga speakers inhabit a small coastal portion of Rio Muni, the Cape of San Juan, suburban enclaves of Rio Benito and Bata, the islands of Corisco, and both Small Elobey and Great Elobey.
Benga
Benga language
The Bangi language, or Bobangi, is the a relative and partial precursor of the Lingala language spoken in central Africa. Dialects of the language are spoken on both sides of the Ubangi and Congo Rivers, such as Moï, Mpama, Binza, Dzamba.
Bangi
Bobangi
Bangi language
Eastern Tawbuid
Tawbuid, Eastern
Bierebo
Boon or Af-Boon is a nearly extinct East Cushitic language spoken by 59 people (as of 2000) in Jilib District, Middle Jubba Region, Somalia. In recent decades they have shifted to the Maay dialect of Jilib. All speakers are older than 60.
Boon
Boon language
Batanga
The Bunun language is spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. It is one of the Formosan languages, a geographic group of Austronesian languages, and is subdivided in five dialects: Isbukun, Takbunuaz, Takivatan, Takibaka and Takituduh. Isbukun, the dominant dialect, is mainly spoken in the south of Taiwan. Takbunuaz and Takivatan are mainly spoken in the center of the country. Takibaka and Takituduh both are northern dialects. A sixth dialect, Takipulan, became extinct in the 1970s.
Bunun
Bunun language
The Asi language is a Visayan language spoken, along with the Romblomanon and Onhan languages, in the province of Romblon, Philippines. The language is also known as Bantoanon, Calatravanhon, Odionganon, Sibalenhon, Simaranhon, and Bisaya.
Asi
Bantoanon
Asi language
Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is an extinct language that was spoken in northwestern Louisiana. It is very poorly documented, being known only from a list of 275 words from 1804, so classification is probably impossible. It was once proposed that there may be a connection between Adai and the nearby Caddoan languages, but this now seems unlikely.
Adai
Adaizan
Adai language
Bola
Bantik is an endangered is an Austronesian language, perhaps a Philippine language, of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is the traditional language of the Bantik people, who are now switching to Manado Malay (the local variety of Indonesian) as their language for everyday communication, though Bantik is still used as a marker of ethnic identity.
Bantik
Bantik language
Butmas-Tur
Bundeli
Bentong
Edwas
Beneraf
Bonerif
Bisis
Bangubangu is a Bantu dialect cluster of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bangubangu
Bangubangu language
Bintulu
Beezen
Bora is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America. Bora proper has 94% mutual comprehensibility with the Miraña dialect. The majority of its speakers reside in Perú where 2,328 Bora-speakers live in the Northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo, and Ampiyacu river areas. Peruvian speakers have a 10 to 30% literacy rate and a 25 to 50% literacy rate in their second language. A dictionary has been developed and the language has its own grammar rules. It is known as Miraña in Brazil but there are no longer any speakers there. There are about 500 speakers in Colombia in the Putumayo area. Bora contains 350 noun classes, the most discovered of any languages thus far.
Bora
Idioma bora
Língua bora
Bora language
Aweer (also known as Aweera, Boni, Bon, Bonta) is a Cushitic language spoken in Kenya. Historically known in the literature by the derogatory term Boni, the Aweer are foragers traditionally subsisting on hunting, gathering, and collecting honey. Their ancestral lands range along the Kenyan coast from the Lamu and Ijara Districts into Southern Somalia's Badaade District.
Aweer
Aweer language
Standard Tibetan (, ; also ) is the most widely used spoken form of the Tibetan languages. It is based on the speech of Lhasa, an Ü-Tsang dialect belonging to the Central Tibetan languages. For this reason, Standard Tibetan is often called Central Tibetan ( ; also written Ükä or Uke or , also written Ü-tsang kä). Tibetan, often implicitly meaning Standard Tibetan, is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Central Tibetan is one of several branches of the Tibetan languages, the most salient others being Khams, Amdo, and Ladakhi. The standard form of written Tibetan is based on Classical Tibetan and is highly conservative.
Tibetan
Tibetisch
Tibétain
tibetano
Idioma tibetano
Lingua tibetana
Língua tibetana
Standard Tibetan
Tibetan language
Tibetische Sprache
tibétain
Ayapa Zoque, or Ayapanec, is a possibly extinct Zoquean language of Tabasco, Mexico.
Ayapa Zoque
Tabasco Zoque
Zoque, Tabasco
Mundabli is a Bantoid language of Cameroon. It is traditionally classified as a Western Beboid language, but that has not been demonstrated to be a valid family.
Mundabli
Mundabli language
Aequian is an extinct language presumed spoken by the people the Romans termed Aequi and Aequicoli living in the Alban hills of northeast Latium and the central Apennines east of them during the early and middle Roman Republic; that is, approximately from the 5th to the 3rd century BC, when they were defeated by the armies of Rome and were subsequently Romanized. As the area was heavily colonized by Latin speakers from Rome, most of the inscriptions from there are in Latin. Two undated inscriptions appear to be in a different dialect, termed Aequian by the scholars with the presumption that in fact they represent the language of the entire pre-Roman tribe. Not enough text survives to deduce any more than that it belonged to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family.
Aequian
Idioma ecuo
Aequian language
Bolon
Bamako Sign Language
Boma is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Boma
Boma language
Barbareño is one of the extinct Chumash languages, a group of Native American languages previously spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California from as far north as San Luis Obispo to as far south as Malibu, California. The last first-language speaker of Barbareño was Mary Yee.
Barbareño
Chumash barbareño
Barbareño language
Anjam or Bom is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Anjam
Anjam language
Bonjo is a minor Ubangian language of the Central African Republic.
Bonjo
Bonjo language
Bole (also known as Bolanchi, Ampika, Borpika, Bolewa, Bolawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Dialects include Bara and Fika, spoken in the Fika Emirate.
Bole
Bole language
Berom (Birom) is a Plateau language of Nigeria. Although locally numerically important, the Berom are shifting to Hausa.
Berom
Berom language
Bine (Pine), or Oriomo (a name shared with Wipi), is a Papuan language of New Guinea.
Bine
Bine language
Tiemacèwè Bozo
Bozo, Tiemacèwè
Bonkiman
Bogaya (Pogaya) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Bogaya
Pogaya language
Caucasian Albanian, Aghwan or Old Udi, is an extinct member of the Caucasian language family. It was spoken in Caucasian Albania, which stretched from current day south Dagestan to Azerbaijan. Linguists believe it is an early linguistic predecessor to the endangered North Caucasian Udi language.
Alwanische Sprache
Aghwan
Caucasian Albanian language
The Bororo language, or Borôro, also known as Boe, is the sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Gê languages. It is spoken by the Bororo people, hunters and gatherers in the Central Mato Grosso region of Brazil.
Borôro
Bororo language
Bosnian ( , Cyrillic: ) is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Bosniaks. As a standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The same subdialect of Shtokavian is also the basis of standard Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin, so all are mutually intelligible. Up until the dissolution of former SFR Yugoslavia, they were treated as a unitary Serbo-Croatian language, and that term is still used to refer to the common base (vocabulary, grammar and syntax) of what are today officially four national standards. The Bosnian standard uses both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. The first dictionary in the Bosnian language was printed in the early 17th century, while first dictionary in Serbian was printed in the early 19th century.
Bosnian
Bosnien
Bosnisch
bosniaco
bosnio
bósnio
Bosnian language
Bosnische Sprache
Idioma bosnio
Lingua bosniaca
Língua bósnia
bosniaque
Bongo, also spelled Bungu and known as Dor, is a Central Sudanic language spoken in sparsely populated areas of South Sudan. Dialectical differences are slight.
Bongo
Bongo language
Bondei
The Bowili (Bowiri) language, Tuwuli (Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili, Tora), is spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages of the Kwa family.
Tuwuli
Bowili language
Rema
Buamu
Bodo is a possibly extinct Bantu language of the Central African Republic. It may be part of a group of languages called "Lebonya".
Bodo
Bodo (Central African Republic)
Bodo language
Tiéyaxo Bozo
Bozo, Tiéyaxo
Dakaka
Daakaka
Pasto is a Barbacoan language that was spoken by indigenous people in Ecuador. It is now extinct.
Barbacoas
Idioma pasto
Pasto
Pasto language
Banda-Banda
Kaimbé is an extinct unclassified language of eastern Brazil. The ethnic population numbered an estimated 1,100 to 1,400 in 1986. The language is scarcely attested; in 1961 one elder was able to remember a few single words mixed with Kiriri.
Kaimbé
Kaimbé language
Bonggo
Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the Buikhe and Ashino villages in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,500 people, according to a survey by Koryakov in 2006.
Botlikh
Lingua botlikh
Botlikh language
Bagupi
Binji
'Ôrôê
Orowe
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin is a pidgin that sprung up in Broome, Western Australia in the early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the pearling industry there—Japanese, Malays, Torres Strait Islanders, Koepangers, Hakka Chinese, Filipinos, a small number of Koreans, and local Australian Aborigines, mainly of the Bardi tribe but also Nyulnyul, Jabirrjabirr, Jukun, Yawuru and Karajarri people. Its words come primarily from the Malay language (specifically Kupang Malay), but it also took some words and grammatical features from Japanese, English (through the Pidgin English of the Aborigines), and the local Australian Aboriginal languages.
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
Biyom
Dzao Min, or Ba Pai, is a Hmong–Mien language of China.
Dzao Min
Dzao Min language
Anasi, also known as Bapu, is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua.
Anasi
Anasi language
Kaure is a Papuan language of West Papua.
Kaure
Kaure language
Banda Malay
Malay, Banda
The Kalmyk language (Хальмг келн; also known as Kalmuck, Qalmaq, Khal:mag and Western Mongol), or Russian Oirat, is the native speech of the Kalmyk people of the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. In Russia, it is the normative form of the Oirat language (based on the Torgut dialect), which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Oirat people are scattered throughout Eurasia, with substantial groups located in western Mongolia, the northwest region (mainly Xinjiang) of the People’s Republic of China and the northwest coast of the Caspian Sea in the Russian Federation, where they became known as Kalmyks.
Kalmouk
Kalmückisch
Oirat
kalmyk
Kalmyk
Kalmückische Sprache
Idioma calmuco
Kalmyk Oirat
Lingua calmucca
Língua calmuca
kalmouk
Koronadal Blaan
Blaan, Koronadal
Sarangani Blaan
Blaan, Sarangani
The Barrow Point language is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language. According to Ethnologue, there was one speaker left in 1981.
Barrow Point
Barrow Point language
Bongu
Bian Marind
Marind, Bian
Bo (Po, Sorimi) is a possible Left May language of New Guinea, in Sandaun and East Sepik Provinces. Its status as a separate language is uncomfirmed.
Bo (Papua New Guinea)
Bo language
Palya Bareli
Bareli, Palya
The Bishnupriya or Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPM) (বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Manipur and others, as well as in Bangladesh, Burma, and other countries.
Bishnupriya
Bishnupriya Manipuri
Bishnupriya Manipuri language
Bilba
Tchumbuli
Bagusa
Boko, or Boo, is a Mande language of Benin and Nigeria.
Boo
Boko (Benin)
Boko language
The Bung language is a nearly extinct language of Cameroon spoken by 3 people (in 1995) at the village of Boung on the Adamawa Plateau. A wordlist collected for it shows its strongest resemblance to be with the Ndung dialect of Mambiloid language Kwanja, although that may simply be because this has become the villages dominant language. It also has words in common with other Mambiloid languages such as Tep, Somyev, and Vute, while a number of words origins remain unclear (possibly Adamawan). For lack of data, it is not definitively classified.
Bung
Bung language
Baga Kaloum
Bago-Kusuntu
Baima is a language spoken by 11,000 people of Tibetan nationality in north central Sichuan Province, China. It has vigorous use amongst adult speakers.
Baima
Língua baima
Baima language
Bakhtiari dialect is a southwestern Iranian dialect, spoken by Bakhtiari people in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari, western Khuzestan and parts of Isfahan and Lorestan provinces. It is closely related to the Boir-Aḥmadī, Kohgīlūya, and Mamasanī dialects in northwestern Fars. These dialects, together with the Lori dialects of Lorestan (e.g. Khorramabadi dialect), are referred to as the “Perside” southern Zagros group, or Lori dialects.
Bachtiarische Sprache
Bakhtiari
Bakhtiari dialect
Bandial (Banjaal), or Eegima (Eegimaa), is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal. The three dialects, Affiniam, Bandial proper, and Elun (Hulon, also Kuluunaay, Kujireray) are divergent, on the border between dialects and distinct languages.
Bandial
Bandial language
Banda-Mbrès
Bilakura
Wumboko
Bulgarian Sign Language
Balo is a Grassfields language of Cameroon. Alunfa is distinct, and perhaps should be considered a different language.
Balo
Balo language
Busa is a Mande language of Nigeria. While alternate names for Busa include Bisã, which is similar to the Bissa language of the Bissa people, they are not the same.
Busa
Biritai
Burusu
Bosman (Bosmun, Bosngun) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. Like Watam, it shares a number of irregular plural markers with the Lower Sepik languages, supporting the proposal of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family.
Bosngun
Bosmun language
/Xam
Bamukumbit
Guru, or Boguru, is a poorly documented South Sudanese Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. A number of speakers are refugees in DR Congo.
Boguru
Guru language
Koro Wachi
Begbere-Ejar
:Not to be confused with the Buru language of Indonesia Buru is a Bantoid language of uncertain classification spoken in a single village in Nigeria.
Buru
Buru (Nigeria)
Buru language
Baangi
Kata Kolok (literally "deaf talk"), also known as Benkala Sign Language and Balinese Sign Language, is a sign language of the village of Benkala in northern Bali, Indonesia, that has had an extraordinarily high rate of deafness for several generations. As has happened elsewhere in similar circumstances, deaf and hearing people in the village have developed a sign language for communication.
Kata Kolok
Língua de Sinais Kata Kolok
Bengkala Sign Language
Bakaka
Xamtanga (also Agawinya, Khamtanga, Simt'anga, Xamir, Xamta) is a Central Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia by the Xamir people.
Língua xamtanga
Xamtanga
Xamtanga language
Braj Bhasha (Devanagari: ब्रज भाषा), also called Brij Bhasha (बॄज भाषा), Braj Bhakha (ब्रज भाखा), or Dehaati Zabaan (देहाती ज़बान, country tongue), is a Central Indian language closely related to Hindi. In fact it is usually considered to be a dialect of Hindi, and along with Awadhi was one of the two predominant literary languages of North-Central India before the switch to Khariboli in the 19th century.
Braj
Braj-Bhakha
braj
Braj Bhasha
Lave
Berbice Dutch Creole is a now extinct Dutch-based creole language. It had a lexicon partly based on a dialect of the West African language of Ijaw. In contrast to the widely known Negerhollands Dutch creole spoken in the Virgin Islands, Berbice Creole Dutch and its relative Skepi Creole Dutch, were more or less unknown to the outside world until Ian Robertson first reported on the two languages in 1975. Dutch linguist Silvia Kouwenberg subsequently investigated the creole language, publishing its grammar in 1993.
Berbice Creole Dutch
Berbice-Niederländisch
Creole Dutch, Berbice
Baram (Baraamu) is a small Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. Speakers are shifting to Nepali.
Baraamu
Baram language
Breton is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany (; ), France. Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages. Like the other Brythonic languages, Welsh and Cornish, it is classified as an Insular Celtic language. Breton is most closely related to Cornish, as both are thought to have evolved from a Southwestern Brythonic protolanguage. The other regional language of Brittany, Gallo, is a Langue d'oïl derived from Latin and is consequently relatively close to French.
Breton
Bretonisch
breton
bretone
bretão
bretón
Breton language
Bretonische Sprache
Idioma bretón
Lingua bretone
Língua bretã
Bera (Bira) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It's close to Amba.
Bera
Bira language
Baure is a nearly extinct Arawakan language spoken by only 13 of 200 ethnic tribal Baure people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some Bible portions have been translated into Baure. Most speakers have been shifting to Spanish.
Baure
Idioma bauré
Baure language
Brahui (Urdu: براہوی) or Brahvi (براوی) is a Dravidian language spoken by Brahui people of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and expatriate communities in Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and Iran. It is isolated from the nearest Dravidian-speaking neighbour population by a distance of more than .
Brahoui
Brahui
Lingua brahui
Língua brahui
Brahui language
Mokpwe
Bieria
Birgid (also known as Birked, Birguid, Birkit, Birqed, Kajjara, Murgi) is an extinct Nubian language that was spoken in western Sudan. Thelwall mentions his last contact to old speakers of Birgid in 1972.
Birked
Birgid language
Birwa
Khao
Barambu is an Ubangian language spoken in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Barambu
Barambu language
The Boruca language (also known as Bronka , Bronca or Brúnkajk.) is the native language of the Boruca people of Costa Rica. It is one of the Chibchan languages. It is nearly extinct; it was spoken fluently by only five women in 1986, while 30 to 35 others spoke it nonfluently. The rest of the tribe's 1,000 members speak Spanish. The language is taught as a second language at the local primary school Escuela Doris Z. Stone. One can hear Bronka words and phrases mixed into Spanish conversations but it is extremely rare to hear prolonged exchanges in Bronka.
Boruca
Borũca language
The Brokkat language (Dzongkha: བྲོཀ་ཁ་; Wylie: Brok-kha; also called "Brokskad" and "Jokay") is an endangered Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 300 people in the village of Dhur in Bumthang Valley of Bumthang District in central Bhutan. Brokkat is spoken by descendants of pastoral yakherd communities.
Brokkat
Brokkat language
The Baropasi or Barapasi language is a member of the East Geelvink Bay languages. It is spoken in part of the Indonesian territory in Papua New Guinea. It has about 1,000 speakers.
Barapasi
Baropasi language
Breri Kuanga is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Breri
Breri language
Birao
Baras
Apalachee
Bitare is a Tivoid language of the Cameroons.
Bitare
Bitare language
Eastern Bru
Bru, Eastern
Western Bru
Bru, Western
Bellari
Bodo (Devnagari:बोडो) (pronounced ) is a language that belongs to the branch of Barish section under Baric division of the Tibeto-Burman languages and spoken by the Bodo people of north-eastern India and Nepal. The language is one of the official languages of the Indian state of Assam, and is one of the 22 scheduled languages that is given a special constitutional status in India.
bodo
Bodo (India)
Idioma bodo
Lingua bodo
Língua bodo
Burui
Bil Bil is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1200 people near Madang town, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Bilbil
Bil Bil language
The Aquitanian language was spoken in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, the region later known as Gascony) before the Roman conquest and probably much later, until the Early Middle Ages.
Aquitanian
Euskera arcaico
Aquitain
Aquitanian language
The Abinomn language is a language isolate initially reported by Mark Donohue from Papua province, Indonesia. It is also known as Avinomen, Baso (deprecated), and Foia. There are about 300 speakers.
Abinomn
Abinomn language
Brunei Bisaya
Bisaya, Brunei
Basari, or Oniyan (Onian, Onëyan, Ayan, Biyan, Wo), is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers.
Bassari
Oniyan
Bassari language
Wushi
Bauchi (Bauci, Baushi) is a Kainji language spoken in Nigeria.
Bauchi
Bauchi language
Bashkardi or Bashagerdi is a northwestern Iranian language spoken in the southeast of Iran in the provinces of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Hormozgan.
Bashkardi
Lingua bashkardi
Bashkardi language
Kata-vari is a dialect of the Kamkata-viri language spoken by the Kata in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The most used alternative names are Kati, Kativiri or Bashgali.
Kati
Kata-vari dialect
Bassossi
Bangwinji
The Burushaski or Burushko language ( burū́šaskī), is a language isolate (that is, not known to be related to any other language of the world). It is spoken by some 87,000 (as of 2000) Burusho people in the Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, and Ishkoman valleys, and some parts of the Gilgit valley, in Gilgit–Baltistan in Pakistan and by about 300 Burusho people in Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Other names for the language are Brugaski, Kanjut (Kunjoot), Verchikwār, Boorishki, Brushas (Brushias), and Miśa:ski.
Bourouchaski
Burushaski
Idioma burushaski
Lingua burushaski
Burushaski language
Basa-Gumna
Busami
The Barasana language is an aboriginal amerindian language spoken by a few thousand people in Northern South America. The people, the Barasana and Eduria, are ethnically distinct and consider their dialects to be distinct languages. The Barasana dialect is also known as Southern Barasano, Come Masa, Comematsa, Janera, Paneroa, Yebamasa; Eduria is also known as Edulia, Taibano, Taiwaeno, Taiwano.
Barasana
Barasana-Eduria
Barasana language
Karami
Buso (also known as Busso, Dam de Bousso, Bousso) is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in western Chad.
Buso
Buso language
Baga Sitemu
The Bassa language is a Kru language spoken by about 350,000 people in Liberia and 5,000 in Sierra Leone by Bassa people.
Idioma bassa
Bassa language
Bassa-Kontagora
The Koose language, also called Akoose, Bakossi, or Nkosi, is a Bantu language spoken by the Koose people (Bakossi, Bekoose) of Cameroon. There are many loan words from English, French and Douala.
Akoose
akoose
Kose language
Basketo (also known as Basketto, Baskatta, Mesketo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Basketo special woreda of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, which is part of Ethiopia. The speakers refer to the language as "Masketo", while their neighbors refer to it as "Basketo." It has said to consist of two dialects, "Doko" and "Dollo". Besides their mother tongue, some also speak Melo, Oyda, Galila, or Gofa.
Basketo
Basketo language
Bahonsuai
Kamas
Baga Sobané
:For the comune in Italy, see Baiso Baiso (also Alkali, Bayso) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia in the region around Lake Abaya.
Baiso
Bayso
Baiso language
Busam is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Busam
Yangkam
Busam language
Sabah Bisaya
Bisaya, Sabah
Bata is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Numan, Song, Fufore, and Mubi LGAs, and in Cameroon in North Province along the border with Nigeria. Dialects are Demsa, Garoua, Jirai, Kobotachi, Malabu, Ndeewe, Ribaw, Wadi, and Zumu. It is often considered the same language as Bacama.
Bata
Bata language
Beti is a language, or group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Beti-Pahuin group of people, who inhabit the rain forest regions of Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe.
Beti
Beti language
Bati
Bati (Cameroon)
Katawixi is a Katukinian language formerly spoken in Amazonas, Brazil. It is extinct among the known populations of Katawixi people, though an uncontacted group nearby may be Katawixi-speaking.
Idioma katawixí
Katawixi
Katawixi language
Batak Dairi
Gamo-Ningi
Birgit (also known as Bergit, Birgid, Berguid) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southeastern Chad.
Birgit
Birgit language
Gagnoa Bété
Bété, Gagnoa
The Biatah language is spoken in the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the Indonesian province of Kalimantan Barat. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.
Biatah Bidayuh
Biatah bidayuh
Biatah language
Bidayuh, Biatah
Burate
Bacanese Malay
Malay, Bacanese
Bhatola
Mandailing or Batak Mandailing is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, the northern island of Sumatra. The language pertains to the Malayo-Polynesian of Austronesian languages. It is written using the Latin script but historically used Batak script.
Batak Mandailing
Batak mandailing
Mandailing language
Ratagnon (also transliterated as Latagnon or Datagnon) is a language spoken by the Ratagnon people, an indigenous group from Occidental Mindoro. Its speakers are shifting to Tagalog, and it is nearly extinct.
Ratagnon
Ratagnon language
Riŋkonāda or Rinconada Bikol is one of the several languages that compose the Inland Bikol group of the Bikol languages. It belongs to Austronesian language family that also include Māori, Hawaiian, Malagasy, Tagalog, Indonesian and Malay. The closest relatives of this language outside Bicol are Aklanon, Waray and Tagalog to the lesser extent. This is also the language adopted and used by the aboriginal or indigenous population of Agta/Aeta (Negrito) in surrounding and mountainous areas. Riŋkonāda was brought to Negritos by the Austronesian people when they began engaging in commerce and trade with them. The original language of the aboriginal people is unknown but it is believed that they have contributed some of their tribal languages to Riŋkonāda's accent, vocabularies and lexicon. Riŋkonāda is considered by most Bicolanos as one of the most difficult variety of Bikol. The name of the language is derived from the name of the place where it was originated, developed and is largely spoken: Rinconada District (in Camarines Sur province) which is formerly called as "Sumagang".
Rinconada Bikol
Bikol, Rinconada
Rinconada Bikol language
Rayón Zoque
Zoque, Rayón
Budibud
Kauwera
Batek is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya. The Deq and Nong dialects may be separate languages. The small number of speakers is decreasing.
Batek
Batek language
Baetora
Batak Simalungun
Bete-Bendi
Batu is a Tivoid language of the Cameroons. Dialects are Amanda-Afi, Angwe, Kamino.
Batu
Batu language
Bateri
Butuanon is an Austronesian language spoken in Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur, with some native speakers in Misamis Oriental and Surigao del Norte. According to an article in the Manila Times, as of 2007 Butuanon is spoken by fewer than 500 youngsters in Butuan itself.
Butuanon
Butuanon language
The Xavante language is a Ge language spoken by the Xavante people in about 170 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The Xavante language is unusual in its phonology, its object–subject–verb word order, and its use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology.
Idioma xavante
Língua aquém
Xavante
Xavánte
Xavante language
Batak Karo, referred to in Indonesia simply as Bahasa Karo (Karo language), is an Austronesian language that is spoken by the Karo people of Indonesia. It is used by around 600,000 people in North Sumatra. It was historically written using the Batak alphabet which is descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India by way of the Pallava and Old Kawi scripts, but nowadays only a tiny number of Karo can write or understand the script, and instead the Latin script is used.
Batak Karo
Batak karo
Batak Karo language
Bobot is a language of the island of Seram, Indonesia.
Bobot
Bobot language
Batak Alas-Kluet
Buryat (or Buriat; Buryat Cyrillic: буряад хэлэн buryaad khelen) is a Mongolic variety spoken by the Buryats that is either classified as a language or as a major dialect group of Mongolian. The majority of Buryat speakers live in Russia along the northern border of Mongolia where it is an official language in the Buryat Republic, Ust-Orda Buryatia and Aga Buryatia. In the Russian census of 2002, 353,113 people out of an ethnic population of 445,175 could speak Buryat (72.3%). Some other 15,694 can also speak Buryat, mostly ethnic Russians. There are at least 100,000 ethnic Buryats in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China as well. Buriats in Russia have a separate literary standard, written in a Cyrillic alphabet.
Buriat
Burjatisch
bouriate
buriat
Bouriate
Burjatische Sprache
Buryat language
Idioma buriato
Lingua buriata
The Bua language is spoken by some 7,708 people (as of 1993) north of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil in Chad. It is the largest member of the small Bua group of languages and is mutually comprehensible with Fanian.
Bua
Bua language
Bushi, Shibushi, or Kibushi is a language spoken in Madagascar and the French-ruled Comorian islands of Mayotte. In 1995, it was spoken by 806,200 people (767,000 in Madagascar and 39,200 in Mayotte).
Bushi
Idioma bushi
Shibushi
Bushi language
Ntcham
The Beothuk language ( or ), also called Beothukan, was spoken by the indigenous Beothuk people of Newfoundland. The Beothuk have been extinct since 1829 and there are few written accounts of their language, so little is known about it. There have been claims of links with the neighbouring Algonquian language family but there is not enough evidence to draw strong conclusions. In 2007 DNA studies showed genetic links between the Beothuk and Algonquian-speaking Mi'kmaq.
Beothuk
Béothuk
Idioma beothuk
Beothuk language
Bushong (Bushoong) is a Bantu language of the Kasai region of Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was the language of the Kuba Kingdom.
Bushoong
Bushong language
Buginese (, elsewhere also Bahasa Bugis, Bugis, Bugi, De) is the language spoken by about four million people mainly in the southern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Buginese
Buginesisch
bugi
buginés
buguinês
Bouguinais
Buginese language
Buginesische Sprache
Idioma buginés
Língua buginesa
buginese
Yuno ( Younuo) is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in Longsheng County (龙胜县), Guangxi, China. Its classification is uncertain.
Younuo Bunu
Bunu, Younuo
Yuno language
Bongili
Basa-Gurmana
Bukawa (also known as Bukaua, Kawac, Bugawac, Gawac) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 10,000 people (in 1978) on the coast of the Huon Gulf, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The most common spelling of the name in both community and government usage is Bukawa (Eckermann 2007:1), even though it comes from the Yabem language, which served as a church and school lingua franca in the coastal areas around the Gulf for most of the 20th century. This ethnonym, which now designates Bukawa-speakers in general, derives from the name of a prominent village on the Bugawac (River Gawac) at Cape Arkona in the center of the north coast.
Bugawac
Bukawa
Bukawa language
Bulgarian (български език, ) is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.
Bulgare
Bulgarian
Bulgarisch
bulgaro
búlgaro
Bulgarian language
Bulgarische Sprache
Idioma búlgaro
Lingua bulgara
Língua búlgara
bulgare
The Kawaiisu language is an Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Kawaiisu people of California.
Kawaiisu
Kawaiisu language
Bulu is the language of the Bulu people of Cameroon. The language had 174,000 native speakers in 1982, with some 800,000 second language speakers in 1991. Colonial and missionary groups formerly used Bulu as a lingua franca in the region for commercial, educational, and religious purposes, though it is today becoming less frequent in those spheres. Dialects include Bene, Yelinda, Yembana, Yengono, and Zaman.
bulu
Bulu (Cameroon)
Bulu language
boulou
The Sherbro language (also known as Southern Bullom, Shiba, Amampa, Mampa, and Mampwa) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. It belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family. While Sherbro has more speakers than the other Bullom languages, its use is declining among the Sherbro people, in favor of English and Krio.
Sherbro
Sherbro language
Terei or Buin, also known as Telei, Rugara, is the most populous Papuan language spoken to the east of New Guinea. There are about 27,000 speakers in the Buin District of Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Terei
Terei language
Busoa
Brem (Barem), also known as Bunabun (Bububun, Bunubun), is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Brem
Brem language
Bokobaru
Bungain is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Bungain
Bungain language
Budu is a Bantu language spoken by the Budu people in the Wamba Territory in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its orthography uses the special character ɨ, ʉ, ɛ and ɔ, as well as colon ꞉ and short equal sign ꞊ for tones.
Budu
Budu language
Bun
Bubi
Boghom (also known as Bogghom, Bohom, Burom, Burum, Burrum, Burma, Borrom, Boghorom, Bokiyim) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Boghom
Boghom language
The Bullom So language, also called Mmani or Mandingi, is an endangered language spoken near the border between Guinea and Sierra Leone. It belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family and is particularly closely related to the Bom language. The people have intermarried with Temne and Susu speakers. As the few remaining speakers of Bullom So are all over 60, the language is considered moribund.
Bullom So
Bullom So language
Kayan Mahakam
Bukwen
Barein (also known as Baraïn, Guilia, Jalkia) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad. Dialects are Guilia, Jalkia, Komi, and Sakaya.
Barein
Barein language
Bube, Bohobé, or Bube–Benga, is a Bantu or Bantoid language spoken by the Bubi, a Bantu people native to, and once the primary inhabitants of, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. The language was brought to Bioko from continental Africa more than three thousand years ago when the Bubi began arriving on the island.
Bube
Idioma bubi
Bube language
Baelelea
The Baeggu language (also called Baegu or Mbaenggu) is spoken by the indigenous people of the North Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands. In 1999 there were 5,900 people known to speak the language. The language is largely intelligible with Baelelea, Toabaita, and Lau.
Baeggu
Baeggu language
The Berau language, also known as Berau Malay, is an Austronesian language which is spoken by the Berau people in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. According to the 2007 Ethnologue there are 11,200 speakers of Berau Malay.
Berau Malay
Berau Malay language
Malay, Berau
Boor (also known as Bwara, Damraw) is an endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southern Chad.
Boor
Boor language
Kamba (Camba) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population of about 2000 migrated from Bolivia. They may have been Tupian.
Kamba
Kamba (Brazil)
Kamba language
Bonkeng is a poorly known Bantu language of Cameroon.
Bonkeng
Bonkeng language
Bure (639-3 bvh, also known as Bubbure) is an Afro-Asiatic language belonging to the Bole-Tangale group of the West branch of the Chadic family. It is spoken in northern Nigeria in the village of Bure (10°31’06.16”N, 10°20’03.00”E, Kirfi Local Government, Bauchi State, Nigeria) and in some small settlements nearby. The language is used mostly by a very few speakers, of great-grandparental generation. Except for Hausa, which is lingua franca in the area, Bure is surrounded by other Chadic languages such as Gera, Giiwo and Deno (Bole group). Compared to other languages of the same group (e.g. Bole or Karekare), the endangerment of Bure is by far the most critical.
Bure
Bure language
Belanda Viri (Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan.
Belanda Viri
Belanda Viri language
Baan
Bukat
Bolivian Sign Language (Lenguaje de Señas Bolivianas, LSB) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL) used in Bolivia.
Bolivian Sign Language
Língua gestual boliviana
Bamunka
Buna
The Bolgo language is a member of the Bua languages spoken in south-central Chad, in the villages of Koya, Boli, Gagne, and Bedi southeast of Melfi, by about 1,800 people (SIL 1993.) According to de Rendinger, it has two principal dialects, Bolgo Werel around Daguela and Bolgo Mengo around Aloa-Niagara, as well as a dialect called Bolgo Bormo; according to the Ethnologue, its principal dialects are called Bolgo Dugag and Bolgo Kubar ("small" and "great" Bolgo.) Great Bolgo is spoken to the north, bordering Mogum and Saba; Little Bolgo is spoken to the south, bordering the closely related language Koke as well as Chadian Arabic.
Bolgo
Bumang
Birri (Bviri) is a nearly extinct Central Sudanic language of CAR and formerly of (South) Sudan. It may be one of the Vale languages.
Birri
Birri language
Burarra is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Burarra people of Arnhemland.
Burarra
Burarra language
The Lower Burdekin languages were probably three distinct Australian Aboriginal languages spoken around the mouth of the Burdekin River in north Queensland. One short wordlist in each was collected in the 19th century, and published in the second volume of The Australian Race in 1886. These languages have since gone extinct, with no more having been recorded. Due to the paucity of the available data, we know almost nothing of their grammatical structure. | class="wikitable sortable" ! English || Cunninghamvocabulary || Gortonvocabulary || OConnorvocabulary |- | Kangaroo || hoora || wootha || arragoo |- | Opossum || moonganna || goong || onehunger |- | Tame dog || oogier || minde || oodoodoo |- | Emu || kowwerra || goondaloo || karboonmillery |- | Black duck || yammooroo || buggininulli || hoorooburry |- | Wood duck || mumboogooba || detto || culburh |- | Pelican || boloona || booloon || dooroomully |- | Laughing jackass || kowurgurra || kookaburra || karcoobura |- | Native companion || braroogan || buberenulli || kooroogowgun |- | White cockatoo || digooi || bugina || bunginna |- | Crow || wyaguna || wethergun || wombugah |- | Swan || woergerella || || |- | Egg || wyoorda ||...
Lower Burdekin
Burdekin, Lower
Lower Burdekin languages
Bati (Indonesia)
Bukit Malay
Malay, Bukit
Baniwa of Guainia, or Abane (Avane), is a Maipurean language of Venezuela with a few speakers in Brazil. It is one of several languages in the region called Baniwa. Ethnologue (2009) distinguishes between "Baniva" for the Baniwa of Guainia and "Baniwa" for the Baniwa of Içana, but they are merely spelling variants, and either may be used for either language. Aikhenvald counts ≈ 200 speakers while Ethnologue reports the language is extinct; Ethnologue counts Xie Warekena in Brazil as a dialect of Guarequena rather than of Baniwa as in Aikhenvald, but this only amounts to 10 speakers.
Baniva
Idioma yavitero
Baniwa of Guainia
Boga (also known as Boka) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Adamawa State of Nigeria.
Boga
Boga language
Dibole
Baybayanon
Bauzi (also written Baudi, Baudji, Baudzi, Bauri) is a Papuan language of the East Geelvink Bay family spoken in the Indonesian province of Papua.
Bauzi
Bauzi language
Bwatoo
Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua is an Oceanic language spoken in Fiji by about 1600 people.
Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
Namosi-naitasiri-serua
Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua language
Bwile is a divergent Bantu language of Zambia and DR Congo. The number of speakers is unknown: Ethnologue reports 12,400 were counted in DR Congo in 2002, and the same number in the Zambian census of 1969.
Bwile
Bwile language
Bwaidoka
Bwe, also known as Bwe Karen and Bghai (Baghi), is a Karen language of Burma.
Bwe Karen
Bwe Karen language
Karen, Bwe
The Bactrian language is an extinct Eastern Iranian language which was spoken in the Central Asian region of Bactria. Linguistically, it is classified as belonging to the middle period of the East Iranian branch. Bactrian is closely related to Pashto, as well as Yidgha and Munji, and the medieval languages Sogdian, Khwarezmian and Parthian.
Bactrian
Baktrische Sprache
Idioma bactriano
Bactrien
Lingua battriana
Língua bactriana
Bactrian language
Boselewa
Barwe
The Bishuo Language is a language of Cameroon. It was spoken in the North West Province, Menchum Division, Furu-Awa Subdivision, Ntjieka, Furu-Turuwa, and the Furu-Sambari villages. It was related to Bikya. It was reported by Breton 1986 that the Bishuo people had shifted to Jukun. However, there was apparently 1 remaining person who knew any Bishuo. This person was, according to Ethnologue, over 60 years old. Nevertheless, he or she is mysterious. Since this person was alive in 1986 and was reasonable elderly, he or she may be dead, and Bishuo could be an extinct language.
Bischuo
Bishuo
Bishuo language
Baniwa (Baniva), or Baniwa of Içana (Baniua do Içana), is an Arawakan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil, and in Venezuela.
Baniwa
Baniwa language
Láá Láá Bwamu
Bwamu, Láá Láá
Bauwaki
Bwela, or Lingi, is a poorly known Cameroonian Bantu language of uncertain affiliation.
Bwela
Bwela language
Biwat Mundugumor is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea.
Biwat
Biwat language
Hm Nai (Mandarin: Wunai, Cantonese: Ng-nai) is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in western Hunan province, China. Its classification is uncertain.
Wunai Bunu
Bunu, Wunai
Hm Nai language
Shinasha, also known as Boro (Borna, Bworo) is a North Omotic language spoken in western Ethiopia by the Shinasha people. Its speakers live in scattered areas north of the Abay River: in the Dangur, Dibate and Wenbera districts, which are parts of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.
Boro
Shinasha
Borna
Borna (Ethiopia)
Boro (Ethiopia)
Shinasha language
Mandobo Bawah
Southern Bobo Madaré
Bobo Madaré, Southern
Bura-Pabir (also known as Bura, Burra, Bourrah, Pabir, Babir, Babur, Barburr, Mya Bura, Kwojeffa, Huve, Huviya) is a Chadic language spoken in Nigeria. Dialects are Pela, Bura Pela, Hill Bura, Hyil Hawul, Bura Hyilhawul, and Plain Bura.
Bura-Pabir
Bura language
Bomboma
Bafaw-Balong is a Bantu language of Cameroon. There are two divergent varieties, Fo’ (Bafaw, Bafo, Bafowu, Afo, Nho, Lefo’) and Long (Balong, Balon, Balung, Nlong, Valongi, Bayi, Bai), which are sometimes considered distinct languages.
Bafaw-Balong
Bafaw-Balong language
Buli is a Gur language of Ghana. It is an SVO language.
Buli
Buli (Ghana)
Buli language
Bindal
Bwa (Boa, Boua, Bua, Kibua, Kibwa, Libua, Libwali, Yewu), including the Benge (Libenge), Baati, Boganga (Boyanga), and Ligbe dialects, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Pagibete is close, and might be considered a dialect.
Bwa
Bwa language
Bu-Nao is a Hmongic (Miao) dialect cluster spoken in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou in China. Its speakers are Bunu : ethnic Yao (Mien) speakers of Miao languages.
Bu-Nao Bunu
Bu-Nao language
Bunu, Bu-Nao
Cwi Bwamu
Bwamu, Cwi
Bwisi (also spelled Ibwisi, Mbwisi) is a language spoken mainly in the Kibangou District (Niari Region) of the Republic of Congo, next to the Gabon border, where it is also spoken by a minority. According to the Ethnologue, approximately 4,250 people speak the language today worldwide.
Bwisi
Bwisi language
Francisco León Zoque
Zoque, Francisco León
The Bauro language is a member of the family of San Cristobal languages, and is spoken in the central part of the island of Makira, formerly known as San Cristobal in the Solomon Islands.
Bauro
Bauro language
Tairaha
Bigambal
Belanda Bor is a Luo language of South Sudan. Most speakers also use Belanda Viri, which is a Ubangian language and not at all related.
Belanda Bor
Belanda Bor language
Bor, Belanda
Molengue
Pela
Ongota (also known as Birale [ISO 639-3], Birayle) is a moribund language of southwest Ethiopia. In 2008, it was said to be in a state of decline with only 6 elderly native speakers, the rest of their small village on the west bank of the Weito River having adopted the Tsamai language instead. The grammar follows a Subject Object Verb word order. It is probably Afroasiatic, but has not been definitively classified. As of 2004, it is being studied by Aklilu Yilma of Addis Ababa University.
Birale
Idioma ongota
Língua ongota
Ongota
Ongota language
Bilur
Minigir
Bunganditj
Bangala, or Ngala, is a Bantu language spoken in the northeast part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in South Sudan, and the extreme western part of Uganda. A divergent form of Lingala, it's used as a lingua franca by people with different languages and rarely as a first language. The estimated number of speakers varies between 2 and 3.5 million. It is spoken to the east and northeast of the area where Lingala is spoken.
Bangala
Língua bangala
Bangala language
Buhutu
Pirlatapa
Bayungu
Bukusu (native name: Lubukusu) is a Luhya language from Bantu group spoken by the Bukusu people of western Kenya. It is one of the related languages of the Luhya people. The language is, however, more closely related to the Gisu and Masaaba languages of Eastern Uganda, and is mutually intelligible with them.
Bukusu
Bukusu dialect
Lubukusu
Kombio is a Torricelli language spoken by a decreasing number of people in Papua New Guinea, as people shift to Tok Pisin. It also goes by the name Endangen. Mwi dialect is divergent, but there is some degree of difficulty in comprehension between other major dialects as well (Wampukuamp, Yanimoi, Wampurun).
Kombio
Kombio language
Jalkunan
Mongolia Buriat
Buriat, Mongolia
Burduna, also known as Boordoona, Budina, Budoona, Buduna, Pinneegooroo, Poodena, Poordoona, Purduma, and Purduna is an aboriginal language of Australia. It is spoken in Henry and upper Lyndon rivers region according to Ethnologue. It is endangered, with only three speakers remaining as of 1981.
Burduna
Burduna language
Barikanchi
Bebil
Beele (also known as Bele, Àbéélé, Bellawa) is an endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken a few villages in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Beele
Beele language
Russia Buriat
Buriat, Russia
China Buriat
Buriat, China
Berakou
Bankagooma
Birrpayi
Borna, or Eborna, is a dubious Southern Bantoid language reportedly spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It may not exist, but only be another name for Boma.
Eborna
Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Eborna language
Binahari
Batak
Bikya (also known as Furu) is a Bantoid language isolate spoken in Cameroon. It is unknown if this language is still existent. In 1986 four surviving speakers were identified, although only one (a man in his seventies) spoke the language fluently.
Bikya
Bikya language
Ubaghara is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria. 80% of speakers speak the principal dialect, Biakpan.
Ubaghara
Ubaghara language
Middle Breton
Breton, Middle
The Nyadu’ language, Benyadu’, is a Dayak language of Borneo. It is left unclassified by Ethnologue.
Benyadu'
Nyadu’ language
Pouye (Bouye) is a language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, by a thousand people, and growing.
Pouye
Pouye language
The Bete language of Nigeria is a nearly extinct language spoken by a small minority of the 3,000 inhabitants of Bete Town, Takum Local Government Authority, Taraba State; its speakers have mostly shifted to Jukun Takum. It is reported to have been close to Lufu and Bibi. It belongs in the Jukunoid subfamily of Niger–Congo, according to the Vienna and the Ethnologue (15th ed.), though the latter formerly listed it as unclassified.
Bete
Bete language
Beigo (Baygo, Baigo, Bego, Beko, Béogé, Beygo) is an extinct East Sudanic language once spoken in Sudan by the Baygo tribe, numbering some 850 in the late twentieth century. Similar to Daju of Darfur indeed it is classified as part of the Western Daju family of languages.
Baygo
Beigo language
The Bujhyal language (also called Bhujel) is a language spoken by 5000 people in the Tanahu District of Nepal. It is a semi-tonal language, employing a complex array of affixes.
Bhujel
Bhujel language
Buyu, or Buyi, is a Bantu language language of Lake Tanganyika that is closely related to Nyanga.
Buyu
Buyu language
Bina (Nigeria)
The Biao language (; also known as Kang Bau or Kang Beu) is a Tai–Kadai language spoken in southwestern Huaiji County and Fengkai County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Variants of Biao include the Shidong 诗洞, Yonggu 永固, Qiaotou 桥头, and Dagang 大岗 dialects (Liang 2002:3). In Fengkai County, it is spoken in Chang'an 长安, Jinzhuang 金装, and Qixing 七星.
Biao
Biao language
Kenaboi
Bayono is a recently described language spoken by a hundred people in the southeast of Papua province, Indonesia. The language is related to neighboring Awbono, with which it shares half its vocabulary, but is otherwise unclassified.
Bayono
Bayono language
Bidjara is a nearly extinct language of Australia. Bidyara is spoken by twenty elders in Queensland, between Tambo and Augathella, Warrego and Langlo rivers (according to Ethnologue). It is an aboriginal language. It is also the only aboriginal language in eastern Australia. It is sadly shifting to English. This is an example of people not continuing to have a passion for their native language. Ruhlen (1987) said this was an extinct language.
Bidyara
Bidjara language
The Blin language (ብሊና, translitterated to Latin as b(ə)lina or bɨlina), Bilin or Bilen has approximately 70,000 speakers in and around the city of Keren in Eritrea. It is the only Central Cushitic language which is spoken in Eritrea.
Blin
blin
Bilin
Blin language
Língua blin
Biyo
Bumaji
Basay was a Formosan language spoken around modern-day Taipei in northern Taiwan by the Basay, Qauqaut, and Trobiawan peoples. Trobiawan, Linaw, and Qauqaut were other dialects (see East Formosan languages).
Basay
Lingua Basay
Basay language
Yipma is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Wantakia, Baruya (Barua), Gulicha, Usirampia (Wuzuraabya).
Yipma
Baruya
Yipma language
Bulgar (also spelled Bolğar, Bulghar) is an extinct language which was spoken by the Bulgars. It was a language belonging to Oghur subgroup of Turkic languages.
Bolgarian
Bolgarische Sprache
Bulgar language
Burak
Berti
Medumba (Mədʉmba) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Medumba
medumba
Medumba language
Belhare is a Kiranti language spoken by some 2,000 people living on the Belhara hill, at the southern foothills of the Himalayas situated in the Dhankuta district in Eastern Nepal. All speakers of Belhare are bilingual in Nepali, this results in frequent code mixing and a large amount of Nepali loan-words. Nevertheless, the grammar of Belhare has maintained its distinct Kiranti characteristics. Like other Kiranti languages, Belhare is characterized by an elaborate morphology in both the nominal and verbal domain. Syntactically, Belhare has partly an accusative, partly an ergative pivot, but accusative syntax is more prominent in terms of frequency.
Belhariya
Belhare language
Qaqet (Kakat, Makakat, Maqaqet) is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Qaqet
Qaqet language
Buya
Banaro is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Banaro
Banaro language
The Bandi language, also known as Bande, Gbande, Gbandi and Gbunde, is a Mande language. It is spoken primarily in Lofa County in northern Liberia by the Bandi people.
Bandi
Bandi language
Andio
Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
Malagasy, Southern Betsimisaraka
The Bribri language is a tonal SOV language spoken by the Bribri people from Costa Rica. It belongs to the Chibchan language family and there are about 11,000 speakers.
Bribri
Idioma bribri
Bribri language
Jenaama Bozo
Bozo, Jenaama
Bibbulman
Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
Boikin
Boiken language
Favorlang is an extinct Formosan language closely related to Babuza.
Babuza
Favorlang language
Mapos Buang
Buang, Mapos
Bisu
Lachiguiri Zapotec
Zapotec, Lachiguiri
Belizean Creole English, known as Kriol by its speakers, is an English-based creole language most closely related to Miskito Coastal Creole, Limón Coastal Creole, Colón Creole, San Andrés and Providencia Creole, Guyanese Creole, Jamaican Patois and English creoles of the Caribbean show similarity as well. Kriol has about 400,000 speakers, in Belize (where it is the lingua franca and is spoken by 70% of the population) and in the Belizean diaspora, mostly in the United States.
Belizean Creole
Criollo beliceño
Crioulo belizenho
Belize Kriol English
Belizean Kriol language
Kriol English, Belize
Kambera (also known as Sumbanese, East Sumbanese, Oost-Sumbaas, Humba, Hilu Humba, East Sumba, and Sumba) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Kambera is a member of Bima-Sumba subgrouping within Central Malayo-Polynesian inside Malayo-Polynesian. The island of Sumba, located in the Eastern Indonesia, has an area of 12,297 sq. km. The name Kambera comes from a traditional region which is close to a town in Waingapu. Because of export trades which concentrated in Waingapu in the 19th century, the language of the Kambera region has become the bridging language in eastern Sumba. There are many names for the language Kambera. Its speakers refer to Kambera as hilu Humba ‘Sumbanese language’. In the Dutch literature, Kambera is known as Sumbaneesch, Sumba(a)sch, Oost-Sumbaas and Kamberaas. In Indonesian literature, it is referred as Bahasa Sumba/Kamberaor Bahasa Sumba Timur dalam dialek Kambera (‘Eastern Sumbanese in the Kambera dialect’).
Kambera
Kambera language
Rama Cay Creole is a Creole language spoken by some 8-900 people on the island of Rama Cay in eastern Nicaragua. It is based on Miskito Coast Creole with additional elements of the Chibchan language Rama and purportedly some elements of English spoken with a German accent. The creolization of the language is supposed to have happened when Moravian missionaries who were native Germans but preached in English encouraged the Rama-speaking population of the island to shift to English.
Rama Cay Creole
Creole English, Nicaragua
Nicaragua Creole English
Boano
Boano (Sulawesi)
Bolondo
Boano (Maluku)
Bozaba
Kemberano
Buli (Indonesia)
Biri
Brazilian Sign Language, also known as "Libras" (from "Língua Brasileira de Sinais") and previously known as LSB, LGB or LSCB (Brazilian Cities Sign Language), is the language of the Deaf communities of urban Brazil.
Brazilian Sign Language
Língua brasileira de sinais
Brithenig is an invented language, or constructed language ("conlang"). It was created as a hobby in 1996 by Andrew Smith from New Zealand, who also invented the alternate history of Ill Bethisad to "explain" it.
Brithenig
The Burmeso language, also known as Taurap, is spoken by some 300 people along the mid Mamberamo River in Papua province, Indonesia. It forms a branch of Malcolm Rosss family of East Birds Head – Sentani languages, but had been considered a language isolate by Stephen Wurm.
Burmeso
Burmeso language
Bebe is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. According to Ethnologue, it's 85% lexically similar to Kemezung.
Bebe
Bebe language
Naami
Kambiwá Cambioá is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. A couple dozen words were collected from two people in the 1960s, but by that time no-one spoke the language any longer. Apart from two apparent borrowings, none of the words are relatable to known languages. Loukotka (1968) characterized the language as unclassifiable due to lack of data.
Idioma kambiwá
Kambiwá
Kambiwá language
Basa, also called Abacha, Abatsa, Basa-Benue, Bassa-Komo, Bassa-Kwomu, Rubasa, and Rubassa, is a Kainji language spoken in central Nigeria, in the vicinity of Bassa, Ankpa, Nasarawa, and Kwali Local Government Areas and of the city of Makurdi.
Basa (Nigeria)
Basa language
Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo
Bozo, Kɛlɛngaxo
Banliku (Obanliku, Abanliku) is a Bendi (Benue–Congo) language of Nigeria.
Obanliku
Banliku language
Evant
The Chorti language (sometimes also Chorti) is a Mayan language, spoken by the indigenous Maya people who are also known as the Chorti or Chorti Maya. Chorti is a direct descendant of the Classic Maya language in which many of the pre-Columbian inscriptions using the Maya script were written. This Classic Maya language is also attested in a number of inscriptions made in regions whose inhabitants most likely spoke a different Mayan language variant, including the ancestor of Yukatek Maya.
Ch'orti'
Chortí
Chortí-Sprache
Idioma chortí
Língua chorti
Ch’orti’ language
Garifuna is an Arawakan language spoken in Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize by the Garifuna people. The language is also spoken to a lesser extent in Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast. Historically it was referred to as Carib or Black Carib and Igñeri by Europeans. Garifuna has a vocabulary split between terms used only by men and terms used only by women. This does not however affect the entire vocabulary but when it does, the terms used by men generally come from Carib and those used by women come from Arawak. It was declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2009 along with Garifuna music and dance.
Garifuna
Idioma garífuna
Lingua garifuna
Língua garífuna
Garifuna language
Chuj is one of the Mayan languages spoken by around 40,000 people in Guatemala and 10,000 in Mexico. Chuj together with the languages of Tojolabal, Mocho, Akateko, Qanjobal and Popti' form the western branch of the Mayan family of languages. Chuj created its own branch about 21 centuries ago. In Guatemala, Chuj speakers are located in three municipalities in the department of Huehuetenango. They are San Mateo Ixtatán, San Sebastián Coatán and Nentón. There is a high level of language conservation in these areas. Some communities of Barillas and Ixcán also speak Chuj in Guatemala.
Chuj
Chuj-Sprache
Idioma chuj
Língua chuj
Chuj language
Caddo is the only surviving Southern Caddoan language of the Caddo language family. It is spoken by the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. Today, only 25 elderly speakers are estimated to remain, none of whom are monolingual Caddo speakers, making Caddo a critically endangered language. There are several mutually intelligible dialects of Caddo; some of the more prominent dialects include Kadohadacho, Hasinai, Hainai, Natchitoches, and Yatasi. Today, the most commonly used dialects are Hasinai and Hainai.
Caddo
caddo
Caddo language
Lehar
Laalaa
Southern Carrier
Carrier, Southern
Nivaclé is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay by c.8,400 and in Argentina by 200. It is also known as Chulupí and Ashluslay, and in older sources has been called Ashuslé, Suhin, Sujín, Chunupí, Churupí, Choropí, and other variant spellings of these names. Nivaclé speakers are found in the Chaco, in Paraguay in Presidente Hayes Department, and Boquerón Department, and in Argentina in Salta Province.
Nivaclé
Nivaklé
Nivaclé language
Cahuarano is a possibly extinct indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family, spoken by a few native people in Perú along the Nanay river. Though classified as nearly extinct, it may already be extinct because its speakers have shifted to speaking Spanish.
Cahuarano
Idioma cahuarano
Cahuarano language
Kabixí was the last language of the Guapore branch of Chapacuran. SIL reported 100 speakers from publications dated 1986, but in 2010 declared it extinct.
Kabixí
Kabixí language
Chané is an extinct language of Argentina and Bolivia. It was either a dialect of or closely related to the Terena language of the Arawakan language family. There are few data on this language. In Argentina it was spoken in Salta province.
Chané
Idioma chané
Chané language
The Kaqchikel, or Kaqchiquel, language (in modern orthography; formerly also spelled Cakchiquel or Cakchiquiel) is an indigenous Mesoamerican language and a member of the Quichean–Mamean branch of the Mayan languages family. It is spoken by the indigenous Kaqchikel people in central Guatemala. It is closely related to the Kiche (Quiché) and Tz'utujil languages.
Cakchiquel
Cakchiquel-Sprache
Idioma kakchikel
Kaqchikel
Língua caqchiquel
Kaqchikel language
Carolinian is an Austronesian language spoken in Northern Mariana Islands, where it is an official language along with English and Chamorro. Spoken mostly by the Carolinian people, Carolinian is most closely related to Satawalese, Woleaian, and Puluwatese. Carolinian has 95% lexical similarity with Satawalese, 88% with Woleaian and Puluwatese; 81% with Mortlockese; 78% with Chuukese, 74% with Ulithian. A 1990 census estimated the number of speakers at about 3,000, currently 5,700. Carolinian is known as Refaluwasch by native speakers. It has 31 characters in its alphabet.
Carolinian
Carolinien
Idioma carolinio
Karolinische Sprache
Carolinian language
Cemuhî (Camuhi, Camuki, Tyamuhi, Wagap) is a language spoken on the island of New Caledonia.
Cemuhî
Cèmuhî
Cèmuhî language
The Chambri language is spoken by the Chambri people of Papua New Guinea. Spellings in the older anthropological literature include Tchambuli, Tshamberi.
Chambri
Chambri language
Chácobo is a Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language.
Chácobo
Chácobo language
Chipaya is a native South American language of the Uru–Chipaya language family. The only other language in the grouping, Uru, is considered by some to be a divergent dialect of Chipaya. Ethnologue lists the language vitality as "vigorous," with 1200 speakers out of an ethnic population of around 1800. Chipaya has been influenced considerably by Aymara, Quechua, and more recently, Spanish, with a third of its vocabulary having been replaced by those languages.
Chipaya
Idioma chipaya
Puquina
Chipaya language
Car is the most widely spoken of the Nicobarese languages spoken in the Nicobar Islands of India.
Car
Car language
Car Nicobarese
Nicobarese, Car
Carib, also known as Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Galibí, Kali'na, Kalihna, Kalinya, Galibi Carib, Maraworno and Marworno, is an Amerindian language in the Cariban language family.
Carib
Karibisch
caribe
caribico
karib
Carib language
Carib, Galibi
Galibi Carib
Idioma kariña
Kali'na
Chimané (Tsimané), also known as Mosetén, is a language of the western Bolivian lowlands spoken by the Moseten and Tsimane peoples along the Beni River. Sometimes classified as two languages, they reportedly have no trouble communicating (Ethnologue 16), and were evidently a single language separated recently through cultural contact (Campbell 2000).
Langues mosetenanes
Lenguas mosetenas
Tsimané
Chimane language
Catalan (, , or ; autonym: català, ) is a Romance language, the national and only official language of Andorra and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencian Community, where it is known as Valencian (valencià, ), as well as in the city of Alghero, on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken, with no official recognition, in the autonomous communities of Aragon (in La Franja) and Murcia (in Carche) in Spain, and in the historic Roussillon region of southern France, roughly equivalent to the current département of the Pyrénées-Orientales (Northern Catalonia).
Catalan
Katalanisch
catalan
catalano
catalán
catalão
Catalan language
Idioma catalán
Katalanische Sprache
Lingua catalana
Língua catalã
Batyala
Cavineña is an indigenous language spoken on the Amazonian plains of northern Bolivia by over 1,000 Cavineño people. Although Cavineña is still spoken (and still learnt by some children), it is an endangered language. Guillaume (2004) states that about 1200 people speak the language, out of a population of around 1700. Nearly all Cavineña are bilingual in Spanish.
Cavineña
Cavineña language
Kallawaya, also Callahuaya or Callawalla is an endangered, secret, mixed language in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Kallawaya people, a group of traditional itinerant healers in the Andes in their medicinal healing practice.
Callawalla
Kallawaya
Kallawaya language
Chiquitano (also Bésiro or Tarapecosi) is an indigenous language of eastern Bolivia, spoken in the central region of the Santa Cruz province.
Chiquitano
Idioma chiquitano
Chiquitano language
Cayuga (In Cayuga ) is a Northern Iroquoian language of the Iroquois Proper (also known as "Five Nations Iroquois") subfamily, and is spoken on Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, Ontario, by around 100 Cayuga people.
Cayuga
cayuga
Cayuga language
Canichana, or Canesi, is a possible language isolate of Bolivia (department Beni). As of 1991 there were 500 Canichana people, but only 20 spoke the Canichana language; by 2000 the ethnic population was 583, but the language was extinct.
Canichana
Idioma canichana
Canichana language
Cumbric was a variety of the Celtic British language spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", or what is now northern England and southern Lowland Scotland, the area anciently known as Cumbria. It was closely related to Old Welsh and the other Brythonic languages. Place name evidence suggests Cumbric speakers may have carried it into other parts of Northern England as migrants from its core area further north. The original boundaries of the Diocese of Carlisle are said traditionally to mark the extent of the rule of Strathclyde. Cumbric placenames are also common in Lothian, Peebleshire, Dumfriesshire, Lanarkshire and Ayrshire.
Cumbric
Kumbrische Sprache
Cambrien
Idioma cúmbrico
Lingua cumbrica
Cumbric language
Cabiyarí (Caviyari) is an Arawakan language spoken along the Cananarí River in the Vaupes Region of Colombia in north western South America. The name is also spelled Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Kauyarí, Cuyare, Kawillary.
Cabiyarí
Cabiyari language
Carapana
Carijona
Chipiajes is an extinct unclassified language of Colombia. The people survive as a Saliba surname; Chipiajes is also a common name among the Guahibo.
Chipiajes
Chipiajes language
Chimila (Shimizya) is a Chibchan language of Colombia.
Chimila
Chimila language
Cagua is an extinct unclassified language of Colombia.
Cagua
Cagua language
Cha' Palaachi also known as Chachi or Cayapa is a Barbacoan language spoken in northern Ecuador by ca. 3000 ethnic Chachi people.
Cayapa
Chachi
Idioma cha'palaachi
Cha'palaachi language
Ede Cabe
Chavacano or Chabacano, sometimes referred to by linguists as Philippine Creole Spanish, is a Spanish-based creole language spoken in the Philippines. The word "Chavacano" is derived from the Spanish word "chabacano", meaning "poor taste," "vulgar," "common," "of low quality," "tacky," or "coarse" for the chavacano language which was developed in Cavite City, Ternate and Ermita, and also derived from the word chavano which was coined by the people of Zamboanga-- . Six different dialects have developed: Zamboangueño in Zamboanga City, Davaoeño Zamboangueño / Castellano Abakay in Davao, Ternateño in Ternate, Caviteño in Cavite City, Cotabateño in Cotabato City and Ermiteño in Ermita.
Chabacano
Chavacano
Idioma chabacano
Lingua zamboangueña
Língua chavacana
Chavacano language
Bualkhaw Chin
Chin, Bualkhaw
The Nyah Kur language is an Austroasiatic language spoken by a remnant of the Mon people of Dvaravati, the Nyah Kur people, who live in present-day Thailand. It is known as Chao-bon in Thai.
Nyahkur
Nyah Kur language
Izora
Cashibo (Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo), Cacataibo, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Managua, or Hagueti is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of the Aguaytía, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers. It belongs to the Panoan language family, which consists of 28 languages including Shipibo and Yora. The language is spoken vigorously by the aboriginal people of the same name. According to the Ethnologue there were 5,000 speakers of Cashibo in 1999, but the language was vigorous in the communities.
Cashibo
Cashibo language
Cashibo-Cacataibo
Cashinahua (also spelled Kaxinawá, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, and Caxinawá), or Hantxa Kuin, is an indigenous American language of western South America which belongs to the Panoan language family. It is spoken by about 1,600 Cashinahua people in Perú along the Curanja and Purus rivers; and in Brazil by 400 Cashinahua people in the state of Acre.
Cashinahua
Cashinahua language
Chayahuita is an indigenous American language spoken by thousands of native Chayahuita people in South America. Spoken along the banks of the Paranapura, Cahuapanas, Sillay, and Shanusi rivers. Also known as Chayawita, Chawi, Tshaahui, Chayhuita, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino, Paranapura, and Cahuapa. 1-5% literacy rate, compared with 5-15% for Spanish. Dictionary since 1978. Can not be understood by Jebero speakers.
Chayahuita
Chayahuita language
The Camunic language is an extinct language which was spoken in the first millennium BC in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. It has most recently been considered to represent a form of Celtic (Markey 2008).
Camunic
Idioma camúnico
Langue camunienne
Lingua camuna
Camunic language
Candoshi-Shapra (also known as: Candoshi, Candoxi, Kandoshi, and Murato) is an indigenous American language isolate spoken by several thousand people in western South America along the Chapuli, Huitoyacu, Pastaza, and Morona river valleys. There are two dialects, Chapara (also spelled Shapra) and Kandoashi. This language is an official language of Perú as are all native languages in the areas where they are spoken and are the predominant language in use. Their people are prideful in their language and seems to be prospering, 88.5 percent of people are bilingual with Spanish. There is 10 to 30 percent literacy and 15 to 25 percent in Second language Spanish. There is a Candoshi-Shapra dictionary and grammar rules have been developed.
Candoshi
Candoshi-Shapra
Idioma candoshi
Candoshi-Shapra language
The Kakwa or Cacua language is an endangered language spoken by a little over a hundred people in North Western South America, particularly Colombia and Brazil. interfluvial tropical forests higher than in elevation. The people have traditional livelihoods such as nomadic hunting-gathering and swidden agriculture.
Cacua
Kakua
Kakwa language
Kinabalian
The Carabayo (Yuri, Aroje) are an uncontacted Amazonian people of Colombia living in at least three long houses, one of several suspected uncontacted peoples living along the Rio Puré (now the Río Puré National Park) in the southeastern corner of the country. They are known as the Aroje to the Bora people. Maku and Macusa are pejorative Arawak terms applied to many local languages, not anything specific to Carabayo.
Carabayo
Idioma carabayo
Carabayo language
Cauca
Chamicuro is a critically endangered indigenous American language spoken by only 8 of aboriginal people in South America. The language is of the Chamicuro people who number between 10 and 20. The Chamicuros live on a tributary of the Huallaga river, in Perú, in an area called Pampa Hermosa, meaning beautiful plains.
Chamicuro
Lingua chamicura
Chamicuro language
Cafundó, or Cupópia, is a secret language spoken in the village of Cafundó, São Paulo (Brazil). The language is structurally similar to Portuguese, with a large number of Bantu words in its lexicon.
Cafundo Creole
Cupópia
Cafundó language
Creole, Cafundo
Chopi, also spelled Copi, Tschopi, and Txopi, is a Bantu language spoken along the southern coast of Mozambique.
Chopi
Língua chope
Chopi language
Samba Daka
Daka, Samba
Atsam, also known as Cawai (Chawai) is a Kainji language of Nigeria.
Atsam
atsam
Atsam language
Kasanga (Cassanga) or Haal is a Senegambian language of Guinea-Bissau.
Kasanga
Kasanga language
Cutchi-Swahili
Malaccan Creole Malay
Creole Malay, Malaccan
Comaltepec Chinantec
Chinantec, Comaltepec
Celtiberian (also known as Hispano-Celtic) is an extinct Indo-European language of the Celtic branch spoken by the Celtiberians in an area of the Iberian Peninsula lying between the headwaters of the Duero, Tajo, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river. This language is directly attested in nearly two hundred inscriptions dated in the 2nd century BC and the 1st century BC, mainly in Celtiberian script, a direct adaptation of the northeastern Iberian script, but also in Latin alphabet. The longest extant Celtiberian inscriptions are those on three Botorrita plaques, bronze plaques from Botorrita near Zaragoza, dating to the early 1st century BC, labelled Botorrita I, III and IV (Botorrita II is in the Latin language).
Celtiberian
Idioma celtíbero
Keltiberische Sprache
Celtiberico
Celtibère
Língua celtibérica
Celtiberian language
Chakma language (Changma Vaj or Changma Kodha) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Chakma people. Its better-known closest relatives are Bengali, Assamese, Chittagonian, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Tanchangya, Rohingya and Sylheti. It is spoken by nearly 310,000 people in southeast Bangladesh near Chittagong City, and another 300,000 in India in Mizoram, Assam, and Tripura. It is written using the Chakma script, which is also called   Ajhā pāṭh, sometimes romanized Ojhopath. Literacy in Chakma script is low.
Chakma
Changma kodha
Língua chakma
Chakma language
Cacaopera is an extinct language belonging to the Misumalpan family, formerly spoken in the department of Morazán in El Salvador. It was closely related to Matagalpa, and slightly more distantly to Sumo, but was geographically separated from other Misumalpan languages.
Cacaopera
Cacaopera language
Choni
Chenchu language is a Dravidian language which belongs to the Telugu branch of its South-Central family. This language is spoken mostly in Andhra Pradesh state in India. This language is spoken by about 28,754 persons (1981 census) of the Chenchu Aboriginal forests hunter-gatherer tribe. It is also called as Chenchukulam, Chenchwar, Chenswar or Choncharu.
Chenchu
Chenchu language
Chiru
Chamari
Chambeali
Chodri
Churahi
Chepang is a language spoken by approximately 37,000 people in Nepal. The people are known as Chepang.
Chepang
Chepang language
Chaudangsi
The Eastern Min language, or Min Dong (; Foochow Romanized: ) is the language mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province in China, in and near Fuzhou and Ningde. Fuzhou is the province's capital and largest city. Fuzhou dialect is considered the standard form of the Eastern Min Language.
Língua min oriental
Min Dong
Min dong
Mindong
Chinese, Min Dong
Min Dong Chinese
Kamuku is a Kainji language of Nigeria. The three dialects, Cinda, Regi, and Tiyal, are close.
Kamuku
Kamuku language
Cinda-Regi-Tiyal
Chadian Sign Language
The Chadong language (also called Chaodong) is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Chadong Township, Lingui County, Guilin, northeastern Guangxi, China. It is most closely related to the Maonan language. Chadong has only been recently described by Chinese linguist Jinfang Li in the 1990s and 2000s.
Chadong
Chadong language
Koda
The Celtic Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions are frequently combined with the Lepontic inscriptions under the term Celtic language remains in northern Italy. While it is possible that the Lepontians were autochthonous to northern Italy since the end of the 2nd millennium BC, it is well-known that the Gauls invaded the regions north of the river Po in several waves since the 5th century BC. They apparently took over the art of writing from the Lepontians, including some of the orthographic peculiarities. There are only about half a dozen Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions, three of which are longer than just one or two words. The inscriptions stem largely from the area south of the Lepontians. The bilingual inscription from Todi in Umbria is an exception and must be due to an exilant.
Cisalpine Gaulish
Idioma insubre
Lingua insubre
Gaulish, Cisalpine
Lower Chehalis
Chehalis, Lower
Cebuano, referred to by most of its speakers as Bisaya (or Visayan in English), is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20 million people mostly in the Central Visayas. It is the most widely spoken of the languages within the so-named Bisayan subgroup and is closely related to other Filipino languages. It has the largest native language speaking population of the Philippines despite not being taught formally in schools and universities. It is the lingua franca of the Central Visayas and parts of Mindanao. The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu where the prestige dialect is spoken.
Cebuano
cebuano
Cebuano language
Idioma cebuano
Lingua cebuana
Língua cebuana
Chamacoco is a Zamucoan language spoken in Paraguay and maybe Brazil by the Chamacoco people. It is also known as Xamicoco or Xamacoco, although the tribe itself prefers the name Ishír, which is also spelled Ishiro or Jewyo. It is spoken by a traditionally hunter-gatherer society that has now turned to agriculture. Its speakers are of all ages, and generally do not speak Spanish or Guarani well.
Chamacoco
Chamacoco language
Eastern Khumi Chin
Chin, Eastern Khumi
Cen
Czech (; čeština ) is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century. Czech is similar to and mutually intelligible with Slovak and, to a lesser extent, with Polish and Sorbian.
Czech
Tchèque
Tschechisch
ceco
checo
Czech language
Idioma checo
Lingua ceca
Língua tcheca
Tschechische Sprache
tcheco
tchèque
Jalaa (autonym bàsàrə̀n dà jàlààbè̩) Centúúm or Cen Tuum is an endangered language of northeastern Nigeria (Loojaa settlement in Balanga Local Government Area, Bauchi State), of uncertain (possibly Niger–Congo) origins. It is nearly extinct; the ethnic group has come to use the Bwilim dialect of Cham in daily life, and the few remaining speakers of Jalaa, all elderly, are much more fluent in Cham than in Jalaa.
Centúúm
Idioma centúúm
Jalaa
Jalaa language
Dijim-Bwilim is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria. Its name is merely a compound of its two dialects, Dijim and Bwilim. A tonal language, it has a whistled register.
Dijim-Bwilim
Dijim-Bwilim language
Cara (Chara), also called Teriya after the village it is spoken in, is a small Plateau language of Nigeria.
Cara
Cara language
Como Karim (Chomo / Shomo, Kirim) is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.
Como Karim
Como Karim language
Falam, also known as Falam Chin, Falam Lai, Zahau, and Laiţawng, is a Kukish language of Burma and India.
Falam Chin
Chin, Falam
Falam language
Changriwa
Yautepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Yautepec
The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.
Kagayanen
Kagayanen language
The Chemakum language (; also written as Chimakum or Chimacum) was spoken by the Chemakum, a Native American group that once lived on western Washington state's Olympic Peninsula. The Chemakum language was very similar to the Quileute language (the only surviving Chimakuan language). In the 1860s, Chief Seattle and the Suquamish people wiped out the Chimakum people, killing the language off with them.
Chemakum
Chimakum
Chemakum language
Kiga (also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, or Chiga) is the native language of the people of Kiga people (Bakiga). Kiga is a very similar language to the Nkore language. It was first written in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Chiga
chiga
kiga
Kiga language
Língua rukiga
Chocangacakha (Dzongkha: ཁྱོད་ཅ་ང་ཅ་ཁ་; Wylie: Khyod-ca-nga-ca-kha; also called "Cho-ca-nga-ca-kha," "Kursmadkha," "Maphekha," "Rtsamangpaikha," and "Tsagkaglingpaikha") is a Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 20,000 people in the Kurichu Valley of Lhuntse and Mongar Districts in eastern Bhutan. Chocangacakha is a "sister language" to Dzongkha, however under pressure to assimilate into the mainstream Dzongkha speaking Ngalop culture, this proximity has resulted in significant loss of its particularly distinctive "Kurichu linguistic substrait."
Chocangacakha
Chocangaca language
Chamorro (Chamorro: Fino' Chamoru or simply Chamoru) is a Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) language, spoken on the Mariana Islands (Guam, Rota, Tinian, and Saipan) by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the N. Marianas).
Chamorro
chamorro
Chamorro language
Chamorro-Sprache
Idioma chamorro
Lingua chamorro
Língua chamorro
Chibcha, also known as Muisca or Mosca, is an extinct Chibchan language of Colombia, formerly spoken by the Muisca people, a complex indigenous civilization of South America and the present-day Colombian region. Scholars believe the Chibcha language arose in South America and then migrated with people to nearby areas.
Chibcha
Chibcha-Sprache
Muisca
chibcha
Chibcha language
Idioma muisca
Catawba is one of two Eastern Siouan languages of the eastern US, which together with the Western Siouan languages formed the Siouan language family.
Catawba
Catawba language
Highland Oaxaca Chontal, or Chontal de la Sierra de Oaxaca, is one of the Chontal languages of Oaxaca. It is sometimes called Tequistlatec, but is not the same as Tequistlatec proper, which is extinct.
Highland Oaxaca Chontal
Idioma chontal de Oaxaca
Chontal, Highland Oaxaca
The Chechen language (Нохчийн мотт / Noxçiyn mott; Medieval Chechen: ) is spoken by more than 1.5 million people, mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people elsewhere. It is a member of the Northeast Caucasian languages.
Chechen
Tschetschenisch
ceceno
chechene
checheno
tchétchène
Chechen language
Idioma checheno
Lingua cecena
Língua chechena
Tchétchène
Tschetschenische Sprache
Yoko ochoco, also known as Chontal Maya, and Acalan, is a Maya language of the Cholan family spoken by the Chontal Maya people of the Mexican state of Tabasco. There are at least three dialects, identified as Tamulté de las Sábanas Chontal, Buena Vista Chontal, and Miramar Chontal.
Chontal-Maya-Sprache
Idioma chontal de Tabasco
Língua chontal maia
Tabasco Chontal
Chontal Maya language
Chontal, Tabasco
The Chagatai language (جغتای – Jağatāy;Uzbek: چەغەتاي Chag'atoy; Uyghur: چاغاتاي Chāghātāy Turkish: Çağatayca) is an extinct Turkic language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia, and remained the shared literary language there until the early twentieth century. It was also spoken by the early Mughal rulers in the Indian subcontinent.
Chagatai
Tschagataisch
chagatai
chagatái
ciagataico
djaghataï
Chagatai language
Tchaghataï
Tschagataische Sprache
tchaghataï
Lower Chinook, also simple Chinook or Chinook proper, is a highly endangered language of the US Pacific Northwest.
Chinook
Lower Chinook
Ojitlán Chinantec
Chinantec, Ojitlán
Chuukese (also called Trukese) is a Trukic language of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily on the islands of Chuuk in the Caroline Islands in Micronesia. There are some speakers on Pohnpei and Guam as well. Estimates place the number of speakers at about 45,000 including second-language speakers.
Chuukese
Trukesisch
chuuk
chuukese
trukés
Chuuk
Chuukese language
Chuukesische Sprache
Cahuilla is an endangered Uto-Aztecan language, spoken by the Cahuilla tribe, living in the Coachella Valley, San Gorgonio Pass and San Jacinto Mountain region of Southern California. Cahuilla call themselves Iviatam, speakers of Ivia - the original language. A 1990 census revealed 35 speakers in an ethnic population of 800. It is nearly extinct, since most speakers are middle-aged or older.
Cahuilla
Cahuilla language
The Mari language (Mari: , marii jylme, ), spoken by more than 600,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic (Mari: , Marii El, i.e., Mari land) of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals. Mari speakers, known as the Mari are found also in the Tatarstan, Udmurtia, and Perm regions.
Mari
mari
marí
Idioma mari
Lingua mari
Língua mari
Mari (Russia)
Mari language
Tscheremissisch
Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa) originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other areas in modern Oregon and Washington, then British Columbia and as far as Alaska, sometimes taking on characteristics of a creole language. It is related to, but not the same as, the aboriginal language of the Chinook people, upon which much of its vocabulary is based.
Chinook jargon
chinook jargon
gergo chinook
jerga chinuk
Chinook Jargon
Chinook Wawa
chinook, jargon
jargon chinook
jargão chinook
Classical Armenian ( grabar, meaning "literary"; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language. It was first written down at the beginning of the 5th century, and all Armenian literature from then through the 18th century is in the Grabar Armenian language. Many ancient Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Syriac, and Latin manuscripts survive only in their Armenian translation. Classical Armenian continues to be the liturgical language of the Armenian Apostolic Church and is often learned by Biblical, Intertestamental, and Patristic scholars dedicated to textual studies. Classical Armenian is also important for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European language, since it preserves many archaic features.
Altarmenische Sprache
Arménien classique
Classical Armenian
Grabar
Armenian, Classical
The Choctaw language, traditionally spoken by the Native American Choctaw people of the southeastern United States, is a member of the Muskogean family. Although Chickasaw is sometimes listed as a dialect of Choctaw, more extensive documentation of Chickasaw has shown that Choctaw and Chickasaw are best treated as separate but closely related languages.
Choctaw
choctaw
Choctaw language
Idioma choctaw
Língua choctaw
Dene Suline or Chipewyan (also Dëne Sųłiné, Dene Sųłiné, Dene Suliné, Dëne Suliné, Dene Soun’liné or just Dene) is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of central Canada. It is categorized as part of the Northern Athabaskan language family. Dene Suline has over 11,000 speakers in Canada, mostly in Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories,
Chipewyan
chipewyan
Chipewyan language
Dene Suline
Idioma dene suliné
Quiotepec Chinantec
Chinantec, Quiotepec
Cherokee (, Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people which uses a unique syllabary writing system. It is the only Southern Iroquoian language that remains spoken. Cherokee is a polysynthetic language.
Cherokee
cherokee
Cherokee language
Idioma cheroqui
Lingua cherokee
Língua cherokee
Cholón, also known as Seeptsá and Tsinganeses, is a recently extinct language of Peru.
Cholón
Cholón language
Old Church Slavonic or Old Church Slavic (OCS) (, slověnĭskŭ językŭ) was the first literary Slavic language, developed by the 9th century Byzantine Greek missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius who were credited with standardizing the language and using it for translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianisation of the Slavic peoples. It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day.
Kirchenslawisch
Old Slavonic
Vieux-slave
eslavo eclesiástico
slavo della Chiesa
Altkirchenslawische Sprache
Antico slavo ecclesiastico
Antigo eslavo eclesiástico
Antiguo eslavo eclesiástico
Bulgarian, Old
Church Slavic
Church Slavonic
Old Bulgarian
Old Church Slavonic
Slavic, Church
Slavonic, Church
Slavonic, Old
Slavonic, Old Church
slavon d'église
slavon d’église
Chuvash (; ) is a Turkic language spoken in central Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages.
Chuvash
Tschuwaschisch
chuvash
tchouvache
Chuvash language
Idioma chuvasio
Lingua ciuvascia
Língua tchuvache
Tchouvache
Tschuwaschische Sprache
Chuwabo, also known as Cuabo and Txuwabo, is a Bantu language spoken along the central coast of Mozambique.
Chuwabu
Chuwabu language
The Chantyal language is spoken by approximately 2,000 of the 10,000 ethnic Chantyal. The Chantyal live in the Baglung and Myagdi Districts of Nepal. The Chantyal language is a member of the Tamangic group (along with Gurung, Thakali, Manangba, Nar-Phu and Tamang) of the Tibeto-Burman family. Within the group, it is lexically and grammatically closest to Thakali.
Chantyal
Chantyal language
The Cheyenne language (Tsėhesenėstsestotse or, in easier spelling, Tsisinstsistots) is a Native American language spoken by the Cheyenne people, predominantly in present-day Montana and Oklahoma in the United States. It is part of the Algonquian language family. Like all Algonquian languages, it has complex agglutinative morphology.
Cheyenne
cheiene
cheyene
cheyenne
Cheyenne language
Idioma cheyenne
Lingua cheyenne
Língua cheyenne
Ozumacín Chinantec
Chinantec, Ozumacín
The Cia-Cia language (Roman: Bahasa Ciacia), also known as South Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the town of Bau-Bau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
Cia-Cia
Cia-cia
Idima cia-cia
Lingua cia-cia
Língua cia-cia
Cia-Cia language
Ci Gbe
Gbe, Ci
The Chickasaw language (Chikashshanompa’, IPA ) is a Native American language of the Muskogean family. It is agglutinative and follows the pattern of subject–object–verb. The language is closely related to, though perhaps not entirely mutually intelligible with, Choctaw. It is spoken by the Chickasaw tribe, now residing in Southeast Oklahoma, centered around Ada.
Chicacha
Chickasaw
Chickasaw language
Comecrudo is an extinct Comecrudan language of Mexico. The name Comecrudo is Spanish for "eat-raw"; Carrizo is Spanish for "reed". It was best recorded in a list of 148 words in 1829 by French botanist Jean Louis Berlandier (Berlandier called it "Mulato") (Berlandier et al. 1828–1829). It was spoken on the lower Rio Grande near Reynosa, Tamaulipas, in Mexico.
Comecrudo
Comecrudo language
Chimariko is an extinct language isolate formerly spoken in Trinity County in northwestern California by Chimariko peoples.
Chimariko
Idioma chimariko
Chimariko language
Cineni is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria in the single village of Cineni.
Cineni
Cineni language
Chinali
Chitkuli Kinnauri
Kinnauri, Chitkuli
Cimbrian ( or ; ) refers to any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in northeastern Italy. The speakers of the language are known as Zimbern.
Cimbre
Cimbrian
Lingua cimbra
Zimbrisch
Cimbrian language
Cinta Larga is a Tupian dialect cluster of Brazil, the largest language of the Monde branch.
Cinta Larga
Cinta Larga language
Chiapanec is the name of an indigenous Mexican language of the Oto-Manguean language family. The 1990 census reported 17 speakers of the language in southern Chiapas out of an ethnic population of 32, but later investigations failed to find any speakers.
Chiapanec
Idioma chiapaneco
Chiapanec language
Méa
Haméa
Tiri
Chippewa (also known as Southwestern Ojibwa, Ojibwe, Ojibway, or Ojibwemowin) is an Algonquian language spoken from upper Michigan westward to North Dakota in the United States. It represents the southern component of the Ojibwe language. Its ISO-3 designation is "ciw".
Chippewa
Chippewa language
Chaima
Western Cham
Cham, Western
Chru
Cotoname is an extinct language isolate spoken by Native Americans indigenous to the lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and extreme southern Texas (United States).
Cotoname
Idioma cotoname
Cotoname language
Upper Chehalis
Chehalis, Upper
Chamalal is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, the Chamalals. It has three quite distinct dialects, Gadyri, Gakvari, and Gigatl.
Chamalal
Chamalal language
Chokwe is the Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is recognized as a national language of Angola, where about 456,000 people spoke it as of 1991. Another half a million speakers lived in the Congo in 1990, and some 44,200 in Zambia as of 1986. Angola's Instituto de Línguas Nacionais (National Languages Institute) has established spelling rules for Chokwe with a view to facilitate and promote its use. It is used as a lingua franca in eastern Angola.
Chokwe
Côkwe
Idioma chokwe
Tchokwé
Chokwe language
Eastern Cham
Cham, Eastern
Chenapian
Ashéninka Pajonal is an American indigenous language of the Arawakan family spoken in Perú by native people in the Central Gran Pajonal area. All but a few of the 12,000 people in the ethnic group are fluent. Other names for Ashéninka Pajonal are Ashéninca, Atsiri, Pajonal, and lasty the largely pejorative term, Campa. Pajonal is an official language in Perú throughout the area in which it is spoken as all languages are in this nation. The literacy rate is 20% compared to 15% for second language Spanish. Pajonal is one of 5 related Ashéninka languages.
Pajonal Ashéninka
Ashéninka Pajonal
The Cabécar language is an indigenous American language of the Chibchan language family which is spoken in Costa Rica. Specifically, it is spoken in the inland Turrialba Region of the Cartago Province. According to Ethnologue there were only 8,840 Cabécar speakers in 2000 with 80% of these speakers being monolingual.
Cabécar
Cabécar language
The Shor language (Шор тили) is a Turkic language spoken by about 10,000 people in the Kemerovo Province in south-central Siberia. In the history of the Turkic states and China, Shors played an important role, mostly connected with their offshoot Shatuo. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor, and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1990s. However, the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought about the Shor lingual revival. The language is now being taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
Chor
Língua shor
Schorische Sprache
Shor
Shor language
Chuave
Jin , or Jinese, Jinhua or Jin-yu, is a subdivision of spoken Chinese. Its exact status is disputed among linguists; some prefer to classify it under Mandarin, while others set it apart as an independent branch.
Chino jin
Jin
Jin Chinese
Jinyu
Chinese, Jinyu
Jinyu Chinese
Soranî ( Soranî ; also called Central Kurdish) is the name of a Kurdish language that is spoken in Iran and Iraq. Soranî is one of the main Kurdish languages, which are a branch of the Iranian languages.
Sorani
Soranî
Sorâni curdo
curdo sorani
kurdo central
Central Kurdish
Kurdish, Central
Língua sorâni
Sorani Kurdish
sorani
sorani curdo
Chak
Cibak (Chibuk, Chibok, Chibbak, Chibbuk, Kyibaku, Kibbaku, Kikuk) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by about 100,000 people in Borno State, Nigeria.
Cibak
Cibak language
Kaang Chin
Chin, Kaang
Khwarezmian, also known as Khwarazmian or Chorasmian, is the name of an extinct East Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered in the lower Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea (the northern part of the modern Republic of Uzbekistan, and the adjacent areas of Turkmenistan).
Choresmische Sprache
Chorasmian
Chorasmien
Lingua corasmia
Língua corásmia
Khwarezmian language
Chakosi, or Anufo, is a Central Tano language spoken in Ghana, Togo, and Benin.
Anufo
Chakosi language
Kajakse (also known as Kadjakse, Kajeske, Kujarke, Mini, Kawa Tadimini) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Chad.
Kajakse
Kajakse language
Kairak
Tayo, also known as "patois de Saint-Louis", is a French-based Creole spoken in New Caledonia. It is the community language of one village, Saint-Louis, which is situated approximately 17 kilometres from the capital Noumea.
Tayo
Tayo language
The Chukchi language (also known as Chukchee, Luoravetlan, Chukot and Chukcha; in its own language: ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ ) is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. According to the Russian Census of 2002, about 7,700 of the 15,700 Chukchi people speak Chukchi; knowledge of the Chukchi language is decreasing, and most Chukchis now speak the Russian language (fewer than 500 report not speaking Russian at all). Chukchi is closely related to Koryak, which is spoken by about half that number. The language together with Koryak, Kerek, Alutor and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family.
Chukot
Idioma chucoto
Lingua ciukcia
Língua chukoto
Tchouktche
Tschuktschische Sprache
Chukchi language
Koasati (also Coushatta) is a Native American language of Muskogean origin. The language is spoken by the Coushatta people, most of whom live in Allen Parish north of the town of Elton, Louisiana, though a smaller number share a reservation near Livingston, Texas, with the Alabama people. In 1991, linguist Geoffrey Kimball estimated the number of speakers of the language at around 400 people, of whom approximately 350 live in Louisiana. The exact number of current speakers is unclear, but Coushatta Tribe officials claim that most tribe members over 20 speak Koasati. In 2007, the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, in collaboration with McNeese State University and the College of William and Mary, began the Koasati (Coushatta) Language Project as a part of broader language revitalization efforts with National Science Foundation grant money under the Documenting Endangered Languages program.
Coushatta
Koasati
Língua koasati
Koasati language
Kavalan (Kebalan) was formerly spoken in the Northeast coast area of Taiwan by the Kavalan people (噶瑪蘭). It is an East Formosan language of the Austronesian family.
Kavalan
Lingua Kavalan
Kavalan language
Caka
Cakfem-Mushere is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Kadim-Kaban and Jajura.
Cakfem-Mushere
Cakfem-Mushere language
Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language
Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Monguna.
Ron
Ron language
Chilcotin (also Tsilhqot’in, Tsilhqut’in, Tzilkotin) is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken in British Columbia by the Tsilhqot’in people.
Chilcotin
Chilcotin language
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
Neo-Aramaic, Chaldean
Lealao Chinantec
Chinantec, Lealao
Chilisso is a Dardic language in the Kohistani language group spoken by about 2,300 people in eastern Kohistan.
Chilisso
Chilisso language
The Carian language is an extinct language of the Luwian subgroup of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The Carian language was spoken in Caria, a region of western Anatolia between the ancient regions of Lycia and Lydia, by the Carians, a name possibly first mentioned in Hittite sources. Prior to the late 20th century CE the language remained a total mystery even though many characters of the script appeared to be from Greek alphabet. Using Greek phonetic values of letters investigators of the 19th and 20th centuries were unable to make headway and classified the language as non-Indo-European. Speculations multiplied, none very substantial. Progress finally came as a result of rejecting the presumption of Greek phonetic values.
Carian
Carien
Karische Sprache
Lingua caria
Carian language
Chakali
Laitu Chin
Chin, Laitu
The Idu Mishmi Language (Chinese: 义都语; Hanyu Pinyin: yìdōuyŭ) is a small language spoken by the Mishmi people in the Dibang Valley District of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and in Southeastern Tibet. There are 8,569 speakers in India as of 1981 and 7,000 speakers in China as of 1994. It is considered an endangered language.
Idu-Mishmi
Idu Mishmi language
Chala
Klallam or Clallam (native name: ) is a nearly extinct Straits Salishan language that was traditionally spoken by the Klallam peoples at Beecher Bay on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and across the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the north coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. Today it has only 4 remaining native speakers, though revival efforts exist.
Clallam
Klallam
Klallam language
Huamelultec, also known as Huamelula Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca Chontal, and Chontal de la Costa de Oaxaca, is one of the Chontal languages of Oaxaca.
Huamelultec language
Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca
Lowland Oaxaca Chontal
Lautu Chin
Chin, Lautu
Caluyanon (also spelled Caluyanun) is a dialect of the Kinaray-a language and spoken in the Caluya Islands, Antique in the Philippines. Most of its speakers use Hiligaynon as their second language.
Caluyanun
Caluyanon language
Chulym , also known as Chulim, Chulym-Turkic, Küerik, Chulym Tatar or Melets Tatar (not to be confused with the Tatar language) is the language of the Chulyms. The name the people use to refer to themselves, and also to their language, is Ös, literally ‘self’ or ‘own’. It is also spoken by the Kacik (Kazik, Kuarik).
Chulym
Idioma chulym
Tchoulym
Tschulymische Sprache
Chulym language
Eastern Highland Chatino
Chatino, Eastern Highland
Maa
Cerma (Kirma) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso. The people are called Ciramba (< Cerma-ba) or Gouin (Gwe, Gwen).
Cerma
Cerma language
Classical Mongolian is an extinct Mongolic language formerly used in Mongolia, China, and Russia. It is a standardized written language used in a number of written texts such as the translation of the Kanjur and Tanjur and several cronicles roughly between 1700 and 1900. The term is sometimes also used to refer to any language documents in Mongolian script that are neither Pre-classical nor modern Mongolian.
Classical Mongolian
Mongol clássico
Classical Mongolian language
Mongolian, Classical
Chamí Emberá Chami is an Embera language of Colombia.
Emberá-Chamí
Chami language
Classical Tibetan
Tibetan, Classical
Campalagian
Michigamea
In Chinese linguistics, Mandarin refers to a group of related varieties or dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. Because most Mandarin dialects are found in the north, the group is also referred to, particularly among Chinese speakers, as the "northern dialect(s)" . A northeastern-dialect speaker and a southwestern-dialect speaker can hardly communicate except through the standard language, mainly because of the differences in tone. Nonetheless, the variation within Mandarin is less significant than the much greater variation found within several other varieties of Chinese, and this is thought to be due to a relatively recent spread of Mandarin across China, combined with a greater ease of travel and communication compared to the more mountainous south of China.
Chinese
Chinesisch
chino
chinois
chinês
cinese
Chinese, Mandarin
Chino mandarín
Hochchinesisch
Lingua cinese mandarino
Língua mandarim
Mandarin
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin language
Central Mnong
Mnong, Central
Mro, also Mro-Khimi or Mro Chin, is a Kukish language of Burma.
Mro language
Chin, Mro-Khimi
Mro-Khimi Chin
Messapian (also known as Messapic) is an extinct Indo-European language of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the region of Apulia. It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region: the Messapians, the Dauni and the Peucetii.
Idioma mesapio
Lingua messapica
Messapic
Messapien
Messapische Sprache
Messapian language
Camtho
Changthang
The Curonian language (; ; ) or Old Curonian is an extinct language of uncertain origin spoken by the Curonian tribe, who lived mainly on the Courland peninsula (now western Latvia) and along the nearby Baltic shores.
Curonian
Curonien
Kurische Sprache
Lingua curlandese
Língua curônia
Curonian language
Chinbon Chin
Chin, Chinbon
Côông
Northern Qiang is a Qiangic language of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken by approximately 130,000 people in north-central Sichuan Province, China.
Northern Qiang
Qiang
Northern Qiang language
Qiang, Northern
Hakha Chin (Baungshe, Lai) is a language spoken in southern Asia by 446,264 people. The total figure includes 2,000 Zokhua, and 60,100 Lai speakers. The speakers are largely concentrated in eastern India in addition to Burma with a small amount of speakers in Bangladesh in South Asia and northwestern Southeast Asian region.
Haka Chin
Chin, Haka
Hakha-Chin language
Asháninka is an Arawakan language spoken by the Asháninca people along the Apurímac, Ene, Perené, and Tambo Rivers and tributaries in Perú. Their ethnic group numbers from 25,000 to 30,000. Many of them still speak their native tongue.
Asháninka
Idioma asháninca
Asháninka language
Khumi Chin
Chin, Khumi
Lalana Chinantec
Chinantec, Lalana
Con is a language spoken by some 1,000 people in Louang Namtha Province in north-west Laos. Its nearest relative is the more populous Lamet language.
Con
Idioma con
Con language
Central Asmat
Asmat, Central
Tepetotutla Chinantec
Chinantec, Tepetotutla
Shenwa, also spelled Chenoua (autonym Haqbaylit̠), is the Berber language of Jebel Chenoua in Algeria, just west of Algiers near Tipasa and Cherchell. The speech of Jebel Chenoua proper is mutually comprehensible with that of the nearby Beni Menacer, and the two are thus treated as a single language. According to the Ethnologue (2004) (whose figure is taken from the , 2000), Shenwa has 4,764 speakers.
Chenoua
Chenoui
Shenwa language
Ngawn Chin
Chin, Ngawn
Middle Cornish
Cornish, Middle
Cocos Islands Malay is a variety of Malay, spoken by the Cocos Malays of Home Island, which amounts to around 500, and those originally from the Cocos Islands currently living in Sabah.
Cocos Islands Malay
Malay, Cocos Islands
Choapan Zapotec
Zapotec, Choapan
Chicomuceltec (also Chikomuselteko or Chicomucelteco; archaically, Cotoque) is a Mayan language formerly spoken in the region defined by the municipios of Chicomuselo, Mazapa de Madero, and Amatenango de la Frontera in Chiapas, Mexico, as well as some nearby areas of Guatemala. By the 1970s-80s it had become extinct, with recent reports in Mayanist literature finding that there are no living native speakers. Communities of contemporary Chicomucelteco descendants, numbering approximately 1500 persons in Mexico and 100 in Guatemala are Spanish-speakers.
Chicomuceltec
Língua chicomucelteca
Chicomuceltec language
Chuvantsy
Cocopah is a Delta language of the Yuman language family spoken by the Cocopah. It is still being learned by children.
Cocopa
Idioma cucapá
Cocopah language
Cocama (Kokáma) is an indigenous language spoken by thousands of native people in western South America. It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali, lower Marañón, and Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia. There are three dialects. The robust dialect is known as Cocama, Kokama, Ucayali, Xibitaoan, Huallaga, Pampadeque, and Pandequebo. As of 1999, Cocamilla (Kokamíya) was moribund, being only spoken by people over 40. Omagua (Omáwa) of Peru is reported to be extinct by Aikhenvald 1999,
Cocama
Cocama language
Cocama-Cocamilla
Idioma cocama-cocamilla
Língua cocama
Koreguaje
Tsafiki, also known as Tsáchila or Colorado, is a Barbacoan language spoken in Ecuador by ca. 2000 ethnic Tsáchila people.
Colorado
Idioma tsafiki
Tsafiki
Tsafiqui
Tsáchila language
Chong, or more specifically Western Chong (also spelled Chawng, Shong, Xong), is an endangered language spoken in Cambodia and southeastern Thailand. It is a Western Pearic language in the Eastern Mon–Khmer language family branch. Chong is currently the focus of a language revitalization project in Thailand.
Chong
Chong language
Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma
Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma
Cochimí was once the language of the greater part Baja California, as attested by Jesuit documents of the 18th century. It seems to have become extinct around the beginning of the 20th century. There were two main dialects, northern and southern; the dividing line was approximately at the Misión San Ignacio Kadakaamán, in the north of present-day Baja California Sur.
Cochimi
Idioma cochimí laymón
Cochimí language
Coahuilteco (also Pajalate) was a language isolate that was spoken in southern Texas (United States) and northeastern Coahuila (Mexico). It was spoken by one tribe of a group of American Indian hunter-gatherers named the Quems.
Coahuilteco
Coahuiltekisch
Idioma coahuilteco
Coahuilteco language
Santa Teresa Cora
Cora, Santa Teresa
Columbia-Moses, or Columbia-Wenatchi, is a Southern Interior Salish language, also known as Nxaảmxcín. Speakers currently reside on the Colville Indian Reservation
Columbia-Wenatchi
Moses-columbia salish
Columbia-Moses language
Comanche is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche people, who split off from the Shoshone soon after they acquired horses in around 1705. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are therefore quite similar, although certain low-level consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility.
Comanche
Idioma comanche
Língua comanche
Comanche language
The Cofán language (also Kofan or Kofane; autonym: A'ingae) is the language of the Cofán people, an indigenous group native to Napo Province northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia, between the Guamués River (a tributary of the Putumayo River) and the Aguarico River (a tributary of the Napo River).
Cofán
Idioma cofán
Língua cofán
Cofán language
Comox, also known as K'omoks, is a Coast Salish language historically spoken in the northern Georgia Strait region, spanning the east coast of Vancouver Island and the northern Sunshine Coast and adjoining inlets and islands. It has two main dialects, Island Comox, associated with the Comox Indian Band, and Mainland Comox, associated with the Sliammon, Klahoose and Homalhco peoples.
Comox
Comox language
Coptic or Coptic Egyptian ( Met Remenkēmi) is the current stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century. Egyptian began to be written using the Greek alphabet in the 1st century. The new writing system became the Coptic script, an adapted Greek alphabet with the addition of six or seven signs from the demotic script to represent Egyptian sounds the Greek language did not have. Several distinct Coptic dialects are identified, the most prominent of which are Sahidic and Bohairic.
Copte
Coptic
Koptisch
copta
copto
Coptic language
Idioma copto
Koptische Sprache
Lingua copta
Língua copta
copte
Coquille
Cornish (Kernowek or Kernewek) is a Brythonic Celtic language and a recognised minority language of the United Kingdom. Along with Welsh and Breton, it is directly descended from the ancient British language spoken throughout much of Britain before the English language came to dominate. The language continued to function as a common community language in parts of Cornwall until the late 18th century. Some children used the language to converse in, and families used it as a language of the home through the 19th century and possibly into the 20th. Some elderly speakers were known to be still living into the 20th century including one still alive in 1914. A process to revive the language was started in the early 20th century, continuing to this day.
Cornish
Kornisch
cornico
cornique
córnico
Cornique
Cornish language
Idioma córnico
Kornische Sprache
Lingua cornica
Língua córnica
Corsican
Korsisch
corse
corso
córsico
Caquinte (Caquinte Campa), also Poyenisati, is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is spoken along the Poyeni, Mayapo, Picha, Yori, and Agueni rivers, with some speakers along parts of the Sensa and Vitiricaya rivers.
Caquinte
Idioma caquinte
Caquinte language
Wamey, or Konyagi (Conhague, Coniagui, Koniagui), is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea.
Coniagui
Wamey
Wamey language
Cao Miao
The Cowlitz language is a member of the Tsamosan (Olympic) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages.
Cowlitz
Cowlitz language
Nanti
The Cayuse language (Cailloux, Willetpoos) is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Cayuse Native American tribe in the U.S. state of Oregon. The Cayuse name for themselves was Liksiyu (see Aoki 1998).
Cayuse
Idioma cayuse
Cayuse language
Coyaima
Chocho (also Chocholtec, Chocholteco Chochotec, Chochon, or Ngigua) is a language of the Popolocan branch of the Oto-Manguean linguistic family spoken in Mexico in the following communities of Oaxaca: Santa María Nativitas, San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, San Miguel Tulancingo. Chocho is Spoken by 770 speakers (1998 Ethnologue Survey).
Chocho
Chochotec
Idioma chocho
Chocho language
Palantla Chinantec
Chinantec, Palantla
Ucayali–Yurúa Ashéninka
Ashéninka, Ucayali-Yurúa
Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka
Axininca (also Axininca Campa, Ajyíninka Apurucayali, Campa, Ashaninca, Ashéninca Apurucayali, Apurucayali Campa, Ajyéninka) is an Arawakan language spoken along the Apurucayali tributary of the Pachitea River in Peru.
Axininca language
Idioma axininca
Ajyíninka Apurucayali
Cappadocian , also known as Cappadocian Greek or Asia Minor Greek, is a mixed language formerly spoken in Cappadocia (Central Turkey). In the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in the 1920s, Cappadocian speakers were forced to emigrate to Greece, where they were resettled in various locations, especially in Central and Northern Greece. The Cappadocians rapidly shifted to Standard Modern Greek and their language was thought to be extinct since the 1960s. In June 2005, Mark Janse (Ghent University) and Dimitris Papazachariou (University of Patras) discovered Cappadocians in Central and Northern Greece who could still speak their ancestral language fluently. Amongst them are middle-aged, third-generation speakers who take a very positive attitude towards the language as opposed to their parents and grandparents. The latter are much less inclined to speak Cappadocian and more often than not switch to Standard Modern Greek. A survey of Cappadocian speakers and language use is currently in preparation.
Cappadocian Greek
Cappadocien
Kappadokische Sprache
Cappadocian Greek language
Greek, Cappadocian
Chinese Pidgin English is a Pidgin language between English and Chinese. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese-speaking portions of China. Chinese Pidgin English is heavily influenced by various Chinese languages with variants arising among different provinces (for example in Shanghai and Ningbo).
Chinese Pidgin English
Pidgin English, Chinese
Cherepon (Chiripon, Chiripong, Kyerepong), or Okere, is a Guang language spoken by 111,000 in Ghana.
Cherepon
Cherepon language
Kpeego
Capiznon (Spanish: capiceño ) is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Capiznon is concentrated in the province of Capiz in the northeast of Panay Island.
Capiznon
Capiznon language
Ashéninka Pichis is an indigenous American language spoken along Perú's Pichis river. There is a 30% literacy rate, it is an official language.
Pichis Ashéninka
Ashéninka, Pichis
Pu–Xian or Puxian Min , also known as Xinghua, is a branch of Min Chinese.
Pu-Xian Min
Puxian
Chinese, Pu-Xian
Pu-Xian Chinese
Darkinyung
South Ucayali Ashéninka
Ashéninka, South Ucayali
Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
Miao, Chuanqiandian Cluster
Chilean Quechua is Quechua as spoken in northern Chile. It may be South Bolivian Quechua.
Chilean Quechua
Quechua, Chilean
Chara (alternatively Ciara or C’ara) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the North Omotic variety spoken in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia by more than 13,000 people.
Chara
Chara language
Island Carib, also known as Iñeri (Igñeri, Inyeri), was an Arawakan language of the Lesser Antilles related to Taíno. It went extinct about 1920, but survives in its daughter language Garifuna.
Island Carib
Carib, Island
Island Carib language
The extinct Dacian language may have developed from Proto-Indo-European in the Carpathian region around 2,500 BC and probably died out by AD 600. In the 1st century AD, it was the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and (probably) Moesia and, possibly, of some surrounding regions.
Dace
Dacian
Idioma dacio
Lingua daca
Língua dácia
Dacian language
Lonwolwol
Coeur dAlene (Cœur dAlène) is a Salishan language spoken by only five of the 800 individuals in the Coeur dAlene Tribe on the Coeur dAlene Reservation in northern Idaho, United States. It is considered an endangered language.
Coeur d'Alene
Cœur d'Alène
Coeur d'Alene language
Cree (Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ; also known as Cree–Montagnais, Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is an Algonquian language spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador, making it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. Subject, Verb, and Object (SVO) in a sentence can vary in order, for example, SVO, VOS, OVS, and SOV.
Cree
Cri
cree
Cree language
Idioma cree
Lingua cree
Língua cree
Caramanta
Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif, French Cree) is the language of the Métis people of Canada and the United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women (mainly Cree, Nakota and Ojibwe) and fur trade workers of European ancestry (mainly French Canadians and Scottish Canadians). Nowadays Michif is spoken in scattered Métis communities in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada and in North Dakota in the U.S. There are some 230 speakers of Mitchif in the United States (down from 390 at the 1990 census ), most of whom live in North Dakota, particularly in the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation. Michif emerged in the early 19th century as a mixed language (not to be confused with a creole), and adopted a consistent character between about 1820 and 1840.
Michif
Métchif
Michif language
The Crimean Tatar language is the language of the Crimean Tatars. It is a Turkic language spoken in Crimea, Central Asia (mainly in Uzbekistan), and the Crimean Tatar diasporas in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria. It is not to be confused with the Tatar language.
Crimean Tatar
Krimtatarisch
turc de Crimée
turco crimeo
turco da Crimeia
tártaro de Crimea
Crimean Tatar language
Crimean Turkish
Krimtatarische Sprache
Lingua tatara di Crimea
Língua tártara da Crimeia
Tatar de Crimée
Tatar, Crimean
Turkish, Crimean
Tártaro de Crimea
tatar de Crimé
Forro is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe.
Criollo forro
Forro
Lingua forro
Saotomensische Sprache
São-tomense
Sãotomense
Forro language
Southern East Cree
Cree, Southern East
Plains Cree (native name: ) is a dialect of the Algonquian language, Cree, which is the most common Canadian indigenous language. Plains Cree is sometimes considered a dialect of the Cree-Montagnais language, or sometimes a dialect of the Cree language, distinct from the Montagnais language. Plains Cree is one of five main dialects of Cree in this second sense, along with Woods Cree, Swampy Cree, Moose Cree, and Atikamekw. Although no single dialect of Cree is favored over another, Plains Cree is the most widely used. Out of the 80 thousand speakers of the Cree language, the Plains Cree dialect is spoken by about 34,000 people primarily in Saskatchewan and Alberta but also in Manitoba and Montana. This number is diminishing as social pressures increase to use English, leaving many Cree children without a fluent command of Cree.
Plains Cree
Cree, Plains
Plains Cree language
Northern East Cree
Cree, Northern East
Moose Cree (also known as York Cree, West Shore Cree, West Main Cree) is an Algonquian language spoken in Ontario, Canada around the southern tip of James Bay.
Moose Cree
Cree, Moose
Moose Cree language
The Cora language is an indigenous language of Mexico of the Uto-Aztecan language family. It is spoken by the ethnic group that is widely known as the Cora but who refer to themselves as Naáyarite. The Cora inhabit the northern sierra of the Mexican state Nayarit which is named after its indigenous inhabitants. Cora is a Mesoamerican language and shows many of the traits defining the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. Under the "Law of Linguistic Rights" it is recognized as a "national language" along with 62 other indigenous languages and Spanish which have the same "validity" in Mexico .
Cora
Cora language
Idioma cora
Cora, El Nayar
El Nayar Cora
Crow (native name: Apsáalookanq̌i ) is a Missouri Valley Siouan language spoken primarily by the Crow Nation in present-day southeastern Montana. It is has one of the larger populations of American Indian languages with 4,280 speakers according to the 1990 US Census.
Crow
Crow language
Iyo'wujwa (Chorote) is a Mataco language spoken by about 2,000 people, mostly in Argentina where it is spoken by about 1,500 people; 50% of whom are monolingual.
Iyo'wujwa Chorote
Chorote, Iyo'wujwa
Carolina Algonquian
Algonquian, Carolina
Dharuk
Seychellois Creole, also known as Kreol or Seselwa, is the French-based creole language of the Seychelles. It shares official language status with English and French (in contrast to Mauritian Creole, which has no official status in Mauritius).
Creolo delle Seychelles
Criollo seychelense
Crioulo de Seychelles
Créole seychellois
Seychellenkreol
Seychellois Creole
Creole French, Seselwa
Seselwa Creole French
Eklenhui (Iyojwa'ja Chorote) is a language spoken in northeast Salta province in Argentina by 800.
Iyojwa'ja Chorote
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Iyojwa'ja Chorote language
Chaura, or Tutet, is one of the Nicobarese languages spoken on the Nicobar Islands.
Chaura
Chaura language
Chrau is a Bahnaric language spoken by some 22,000 people in southern Vietnam. Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia, Chrau has no lexical tone, though it does have significant sentence intonation.
Chrau
Chrau language
Carrier
The Edomite language was a Canaanite language spoken by the Edomites in southwestern Jordan in the first millennium BC. It is known only from a very small corpus. In early times, it seems to have been written with a Canaanite alphabet; like the Moabite language, it retained feminine -t. However, in the 6th century BC, it adopted the Aramaic alphabet. Meanwhile, Aramaic or Arabic features such as whb ("gave") and tgr "merchant" entered the language, with whb becoming especially common in proper names.
Edomite
Língua edomita
Edomite language
The Cori (Chori) language is a minor Plateau language spoken in a single village in Kaduna State in Nigeria.
Chori
Cori
Cori language
Cruzeño
Chiltepec Chinantec
Chinantec, Chiltepec
Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; ) is one of the Lechitic languages, a subgroup of the Slavic languages.
Kaschubisch
Kashubian
casubio
kachoube
kashubian
Cachoube
Idioma casubio
Kaschubische Sprache
Kashubian language
Lingua casciuba
Língua cassúbia
Catalan Sign Language (; ) is a sign language used by 18,000 signers in Catalonia. About 50% intelligibility by users of Spanish Sign Language.
Catalan Sign Language
Langue des signes catalane
Lengua de signos catalana
Llengua de Signes Catalana
Língua de sinais catalã
Lengua de señas catalana
Chiangmai Sign Language
Czech Sign Language
Cuba Sign Language
Chilean Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Chile's 7 deaf institutions.
Chilean Sign Language
Lenguaje de Señas Chileno
Língua Gestual Chilena
Asho Chin
Chin, Asho
Coast Miwok
Miwok, Coast
Songlai Chin
Chin, Songlai
Malayic Dayak
Dayak, Malayic
Kasa, or Jóola-Kaasa (also Bacuki, Casa, etc.) is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal and neighboring Gambia.
Jola-Kasa
Kasa language
Modern Chinese Sign Language (or CSL or ZGS; ) is the deaf sign language of the People's Republic of China. It is unrelated to Taiwanese Sign Language.
Chinese Sign Language
Língua de Sinais Chinesa
Central Sierra Miwok
Miwok, Central Sierra
Colombian Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Colombia.
Colombian Sign Language
Langue des signes colombienne
Língua de Sinais Colombiana
Sochiapam Chinantec
Chinantec, Sochiapam
Chinantec, Sochiapan
Sochiapan Chinantec
Croatian sign language (Hrvatski znakovni jezik, HZJ ) is a sign language of the deaf community in Croatia. It is sometimes regarded as a dialect of Yugoslav Sign Language, although the dialectical diversity of the former Yugoslavia has not been assessed.
Croatia Sign Language
Língua de sinais croata
Croatian Sign Language
Costa Rican Sign Language
Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec
Zapotec, Southeastern Ixtlán
Rumsen (also known as Rumsien, San Carlos Costanoan and Carmeleno) is one of eight language divisions of the Ohlone (Costanoan) Native American people of Northern California. The Rumsen language was spoken from the Pajaro River to Point Sur, and on the lower courses of the Pajaro, as well as on the Salinas and Carmel Rivers, and the region of the present-day cities of Salinas, Monterey and Carmel. One of eight languages within the Costanoan (alias Ohlone) branch of the Utian family, it became one of two important native languages spoken at the Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo founded in 1770, the other being Esselen.
Rumsen
Southern Ohlone
Ohlone, Southern
Rumsen language
Eblaite (also known as Eblan ISO 639-3) is an extinct Semitic language, which was spoken in the 3rd millennium BC in the ancient city of Ebla, at Tell Mardikh (تل مرديخ), between Aleppo and Hama, in western modern Syria.
Eblaitische Sprache
Eblan
Idioma eblaíta
Língua eblaíta
Éblaïte
Eblaite language
The Tamyen (also spelled as Tamien, Thamien) are one of eight linguistic divisions of the Ohlone (Coastanoan) people groups of Native Americans who lived in Northern California. The Tamyen lived throughout the Santa Clara Valley. The use of the name Tamyen is on record as early as 1777, it comes from the Ohlone name for the location of the first Mission Santa Clara (Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on the Guadalupe River. Father Pena mentioned in a letter to Junipero Serra that the area around the mission was called Thamien by the native people. The missionary fathers erected the mission on January 17, 1777 at the native village of So-co-is-u-ka.
Tamyen
Northern Ohlone
Ohlone, Northern
Sumtu Chin
Chin, Sumtu
Swampy Cree (sometimes known as Maskekon or Omaškêkowak) is a dialect of the Algonquian language, Cree. Swampy Cree is spoken in a series of communities in northern Manitoba, central northeast of Saskatchewan along the Saskatchewan River and along the Hudson Bay coast and adjacent inland areas to the south and west, and Ontario along the coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It is one of the western n-dialects of Cree, meaning that for a particular variable phoneme common to all Cree, Swampy Cree shows the "n" variant (as opposed to y, r, l, or ð).
Swampy Cree
Cree, Swampy
Swampy Cree language
Siyin Chin
Chin, Siyin
Hanis, or Coos, was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. The há·nis was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Johnson, who died in 1972.
Coos
Hanis
Hanis language
Tataltepec Chatino
Chatino, Tataltepec
Chetco
Sukte, commonly known as Tedim (Tiddim) or Tedim Chin, is a Kukish language of India and Burma.
Tedim Chin
Chin, Tedim
Sukte language
Tepinapa Chinantec
Chinantec, Tepinapa
Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া বুলি Chaţgãia Buli) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and in much of the southeast of the country. It is closely related to Bangla, but is normally considered by linguists to be a separate language rather than a dialect of Bangla. It is estimated to have 14 million speakers, United States and other countries. According to the status of Top 100 Languages by Population by Ethnologue, Chittagong ranked 67th of the world.
Chittagonian
Chittagonien
Chittagonian language
Thaiphum Chin
Chin, Thaiphum
Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec
Chinantec, Tlacoatzintepec
The Chitimacha language is a language isolate historically spoken by the Chitimacha people of Louisiana, United States. It went extinct in 1940 with the death of the last fluent speaker, Delphine Ducloux.
Chitimacha
Idioma chitimacha
Chitimacha language
Chintang (Chintang: छिन्ताङ् Chintāṅ), also called Chhintang is an eastern Kiranti language spoken by 5,000 to 6,000 people in Chintang Village Development Committee (VDC) in Dhankuta District, Koshi Zone, Nepal.
Chhintange
Chintang language
Catío Emberá (Catío, Katío) is an indigenous American language spoken by the Embera people of Colombia and Panama.
Emberá catío
Emberá-Catío
Catio language
Hdi (Hedi, Xedi) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria.
Hdi
Hdi language
Western Highland Chatino
Chatino, Western Highland
Pandan Bikol or Northern Catanduanes Bicolano is one of the three groups of the Bikol languages. It is spoken in Pandan and northeastern portion of Catanduanes.
Pandan Bikol language
Bikol, Northern Catanduanes
Northern Catanduanes Bikol
Wayanad Chetti
Chetti, Wayanad
Chol (or Chol) is a member of the western branch of the Mayan language family used by the Chol people in the Mexican state of Chiapas. There are two main dialects: *Chol of Tila spoken by 43,870 people of whom 10,000 are monolinguals in the villages of Tila, Vicente Guerrero, Chivalito and Limar in Chiapas. * Chol of Tumbalá spoken by 90,000 people of whom 30,000 are monolinguals in the villages of Tumbalá, Sabanilla, Misijá, Limar, Chivalita and Vicente Guerrero.
Ch'ol
Chol
Chol-Sprache
Idioma chol
Lingua ch'ol
Língua chol
Ch’ol language
Zacatepec Chatino
Chatino, Zacatepec
The Cua language (also known as Bòng Mieu) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken in the Quang Ngai and Quang Nam provinces of Vietnam. Cua dialects include Kol (Kor, Cor, Co, Col, Dot, Yot) and Traw (Tràu, Dong).
Cua
Cua language
The Cubeo language (otherwise known as Cuveo, Hehenawa, Kobeua, Kobewa, Kubwa, or Pamiwa) is a SOV language spoken by the Cubeo people and is a member of the central branch of the Tukano language. It has many lexical loans from the Nadahup languages and has a grammar which was apparently influenced by Arawak. The language is spoken in the Vaupés department, Cuduyari, and Querarií rivers and tributaries of Columbia. It is also spoken in Brazil.
Cubeo
Cubeo language
Usila Chinantec
Chinantec, Usila
Cung is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon.
Cung
Cung language
Cuka, or Gichuka, is a Bantu language of Kenya. It has marginal intelligibility with Meru and Gikuyu.
Chuka
Cuka language
Gichuka
Cuiba is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 2300 people in Colombia and additional 650 in Venezuela. More than half of Cuiba speakers are monoglot, and in Colombia there is a 45% literacy rate.
Cuiba
Cuiba language
ǁXegwi, also known as Batwa, is an extinct ǃKwi language of South Africa, near the Swazi border. The last known speaker was killed in 1988.
//Xegwi
Lingua ǁxegwi
ǁXegwi language
Mashco Piro
San Blas Kuna
Kuna, San Blas
Kulina (also Kulína, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madijá, Madijá, Madija, Madiha, Madihá) is an Arawan language of Brazil and Peru spoken by about 4,000 people.
Culina
Idioma culina
Kulina
Culina language
Cumeral
Cumanagoto
Cupeño is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language, formerly spoken by the Cupeño people of Southern California, USA, who now speak English. Roscinda Nolasquez was the last native speaker of Cupeño.
Cupeño
Idioma cupeño
Cupeño language
Cun is a variety of Hlai language on Hainan Island. Lexical similarity with standard Hlai is 40%.
Cun
Cun language
Chhulung
Teutila Cuicatec
Cuicatec, Teutila
Tai Ya
Cuvok is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Cuvok
Cuvok language
Chukwa
Kelo is a moribund Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Sudan.
Kelo
Kelo language
Tepeuxila Cuicatec
Cuicatec, Tepeuxila
Chug
Valle Nacional Chinantec
Chinantec, Valle Nacional
Kabwa
Maindo
Woods Cree is an Algonquian language spoken in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada.
Woods Cree
Cree, Woods
Woods Cree language
Kwere
Chewong (Cheq Wong) is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language spoken in Malaya. The small number of speakers is increasing.
Cheq wong
Chewong
Cheq Wong
Cheq Wong language
Kwatay (Kuwaataay) is a divergent Jola language of Senegal.
Kuwaataay
Kwatay
Kwatay language
Nopala Chatino
Chatino, Nopala
Cayuvava (Cayubaba, Cayuwaba, Kayuvava) is an extinct language of Bolivia, the descendants of the ethnic group of the same name live in the region of Beni, west of Mamore River, north of Santa Ana del Yacuma with a population of 794 inhabitants.
Cayubaba
Idioma cayubaba
Cayuvava language
Kembayan
Welsh ( or , pronounced ) is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, by some along the Welsh border in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has also been known in English as "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric".
Gallois
Walisisch
Welsh
gallese
galés
galês
Idioma galés
Lingua gallese
Língua galesa
Walisische Sprache
Welsh language
gallois
Cuyonon is a language spoken on the coast of Palawan, and the Cuyo Islands in the Philippines.
Cuyonon
Cuyonon language
: The Huī (徽) dialects are unrelated to the Huí (回) ethnic group of China. Huizhou or Hui , is a division of Chinese. Its status is disputed among linguists, with some classifying it as Wu, others as Gan, and still others setting it apart as a primary branch of Chinese.
Chino hui
Hui
Hui-Dialekt
Huizhou Chinese
Chinese, Huizhou
Knaanic (also called Canaanic, Leshon Knaan, Judaeo-Czech or Judaeo-Slavic) is an extinct West Slavic Jewish language, formerly spoken in the lands of the Western Slavs, notably the Czech lands, but also the lands of modern Poland, Lusatia and other Sorbian regions. It became extinct in the Late Middle Ages.
Knaanic
Knaanisch
Lingua canaan
Knaanic language
Zenzontepec Chatino
Chatino, Zenzontepec
The Central Min language, or Min Zhong is a member of the Min subcategory of Chinese languages. It is spoken around Yong'an, Sanming and Sha located in the central mountain areas of Fujian. The total population of approximately 3,500,000 native speakers, is the fourth most common variety of the Min branch of Chinese languages.
Min Zhong
Minzhong
Chinese, Min Zhong
Min Zhong Chinese
Zotung (Zotung Chin) is a Kukish language of Burma.
Zotung Chin
Chin, Zotung
Zotung language
Epi-Olmec
Dangaléat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Dangaléat
Dangaléat language
Dambi
Marik is an Austronesian language spoken by about 3500 people in 10 villages around the Gogol River, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Marik
Marik language
Duupa
Dan is a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoire (~800,000 speakers) and Liberia (150,800–200,000 speakers). There is also a population of about 800 speakers in Guinea. Dan is a tonal language, with three main tones and two glide/contour tones.
Dan
Língua dan
Dan language
' Dagbani is a Gur language spoken in Ghana. Its native speakers are primarily of the Dagomba people, but Dagbani is also widely known as a first language in northern Ghana.
Dagbani
Língua dagbani
Dagbani language
Gwahatike (also called Dahating or Gwatike) is a language generally classified in the Warup branch of the Finisterre family of Finisterre–Huon languages. It is spoken in several villages located south of Saidor.
Gwahatike
Gwahatike language
Xerénte (Sherenté) is a Ge language of Brazil by the Xakriabá people.
Xerénte
Xerénte language
Day (ISO 639-3: dai) is a Mbum–Day language of southern Chad, spoken by 49,916 as of that country's 1993 census.
Day
Day language
The Sila language, also known as Dar Sila, Dar Sila Daju, Bokor, Bokorike, Bokoruge, Dadjo, Dajou, Daju, and Sula, is an Eastern Sudanic language, one of three closely related languages in the area called "Daju" (the other two being the Nyala language and the Daju Mongo language). It is spoken in Chad near the Darfur border, with migration into Sudan. There are two dialects, Sila proper and Mongo, the latter not to be confused with Daju Mongo.
Dar Fur Daju
Daju, Dar Fur
Sila language
Dakota
Dakota-Sprache
dacota
dakota
Dahalo is an endangered South Cushitic language spoken by at most 400 people on the Kenyan coast near the mouth of the Tana River. The Dahalo, former elephant hunters, are dispersed among Swahili and other Bantu peoples, with no villages of their own, and are bilingual in those languages. It may be that children are no longer learning the language.
Dahalo
Dahalo language
Damakawa is a moribund Benue–Congo language of northwest Nigeria. There are no longer any speakers of the language, although the oldest people can remember a few words. Approximately 80 or so words and phrases were collected, with difficulty, in April 2008 (the language seems to have been unknown to linguists until then).
Damakawa
Damakawa language
Danish (dansk, ; dansk sprog, ) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in the country of Denmark. It is also spoken by 50,000 Germans of Danish ethnicity in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and 25,000 Danes in Norway where it holds minority language status. Danish is a mandatory subject in school in the Danish crown territories of the Faroe Islands (where it is also an official language after Faroese) and Greenland (where, however, the only official language since 2009 is Kalaallisut), as well as the former crown holding of Iceland. There are also Danish language communities in Argentina, the United States and Canada. Danish is mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Swedish (see "Classification").
Danish
Danois
Dänisch
danese
danés
dinamarquês
Danish language
Dänische Sprache
Idioma danés
Lingua danese
Língua dinamarquesa
danois
Daai (Daai Chin), also known as Mün and Ütbü, is a Kukish language of Burma.
Daai Chin
Chin, Daai
Daai language
Dandami Maria
Maria, Dandami
The Dargwa or Dargin language is spoken by the Dargin people of Dagestan. It is the literary and main dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. The four other languages in this dialect continuum (Kajtak, Kubachi, Itsari, and Chirag) are often considered variants of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists these under Dargwa, but recognizes that these may be different languages. Its people are Sunni Muslims. Dargwa uses a modified version of the Cyrillic script.
Darginisch
Dargwa
dargva
dargwa
Darginische Sprache
Dargwa language
Lingua dargwa
Língua dargínica
Daho and 'Doo are two mutually intelligible Guere dialects which are divergent from other varieties spoken by the Guere people.
Daho-Doo
Daho-Doo language
Dar Sila Daju
Daju, Dar Sila
Kesawai
Taita, or Dawida, is a Bantu language of Kenya. It is closely related to the Chaga languages of Kenya and Tanzania.
Taita
dawida
taita
Dawida
Taita language
Davawenyo
Dayi
Dao
The Bangime language, or in full , is spoken by some 1500 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali, who call themselves the (hidden people). Long known to be highly divergent from (other) Dogon languages, it was first proposed as a possible isolate by Blench (2005). Research since then has confirmed that it appears to be unrelated to neighboring languages.
Bangime
Bangi Me
Bangime language
Deno (also known as Denawa, Denwa, Be) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Speakers are shifting to Hausa and Fulfulde.
Deno
Deno language
Petapa Zapotec
Zapotec, Petapa
Dadiya (Daadiya, Loodiya) is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.
Dadiya
Dadiya language
Xetá is a possibly extinct Guarani language of Brazil.
Xetá
Xeta language
Dabe
Edopi
The Dogul language, Dogul Dom, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. It is closest to Bondum Dogon, though not enough for mutual intelligibility.
Dogul Dogon
Dogon, Dogul Dom
Dogul Dom Dogon
Doka
The Idaan (also Idahan) language is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Idaan people of Sabah, Malaysia.
Ida'an
Ida’an
Ida'an language
Dyirbal (also Djirubal) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northeast Queensland by about 5 speakers of the Dyirbal tribe. It is a member of the small Dyirbalic branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It possesses many outstanding features that have made it well known among linguists.
Dyirbal
Lingua dyirbal
Dyirbal language
Duguri
Duriankere
Dulbu
Duwai is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Jigawa and Kano States, Nigeria.
Duwai
Duwai language
Daba (also known as Dabba) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and in one village in neighboring Nigeria.
Daba
Daba language
Keoru-Ahia
Dabarre (also known as Af-Dabarre) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Somalia by the Dabarre and Iroole clans. Dialects include Dabarre and Iroole.
Dabarre
Dabarre language
Ben Tey Dogon, named after the village Been it is spoken in, is a divergent, recently described Dogon language spoken in Mali. It is closely related to Bankan Tey and Nanga Dogon. It is said that elders in the Dogon village of Gawru also speak this language. Been is reported to have been settled from the village of Walo, and Ben Tey Dogon differs from Walo Dogon primarily from being under a different foreign influence, as Been village is surround by Jamsay-speaking villages, which Walo is not.
Ben Tey Dogon
Dogon, Ben Tey
The Bondum language, Bondum Dom, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. It is closest to Dogul Dogon, though not enough for mutual intelligibility. Dialects are Kindjim and Nadjamba.
Bondum Dogon
Bondum Dom Dogon
Dogon, Bondum Dom
Dungu
Bankan Tey Dogon, at first called Walo-Kumbe Dogon after the two main villages it is spoken in, also known as Walo and Walonkore, is a divergent, recently described Dogon language spoken in Mali. It was first reported online by Roger Blench, who reports that it is "clearly related to Nanga", which is only known from one report from 1953.
Bankan Tey Dogon
Dogon, Bankan Tey
Dibiyaso
Dakhini also spelled Dakkhani and Deccani, arose as a Muslim court language of the Deccan Plateau ca. 1300 AD in ways similar to Urdu. It is similar to Urdu in its mixture of Persian with a Hindi base, but differs in its strong influence from Arabic, Urdu, Konkani and Marathi. There is an extensive literature.
Deccan
Dakhini
The Faliscan language, the extinct language of the ancient Falisci, forms, together with Latin, the group of Latino-Faliscan languages. It seems probable that the dialect lasted on, though being gradually permeated with Latin, until at least 150 BC.
Faliscan
Faliskische Sprache
Idioma falisco
Falisque
Lingua falisca
Língua falisca
Faliscan language
Negerhollands (English translation: Negro-Dutch) is a Dutch-based creole language that was once spoken in the Danish West Indies, now known as the U.S. Virgin Islands. Dutch is its superstrate language with Danish, English, French, Spanish, and African elements incorporated. Notwithstanding its name, Negerhollands draws primarily from the Zeelandic rather than the Hollandic dialect.
Negerhollands
Negerholländisch
Dadi Dadi
Dongotono
Doondo
Fataluku (also known as Dagaga, Dagoda', Dagada) is a Papuan language spoken by approximately 30,000 people of Fataluku ethnicity in the eastern areas of East Timor, especially around Lospalos. It is a Papuan language, and is usually considered a Trans–New Guinea language. It is given the status of a national language under the constitution.
Fataluco
Fataluku
Idioma fataluco
Fataluku language
West Goodenough
Goodenough, West
Jaru
Dendi is a Songhay language used as a trade language across northern Benin (along the Niger River; Donga and Alibori provinces, e.g. Djougou, Kandi). It forms a dialect cluster with Zarma and Songhai proper, but is heavily influenced by Bariba.
Dendi
Dendi (Benin)
Dendi language
Tsez, also known as Dido (цезяс мец cezyas mec or цез мец cez mec in Tsez) is a Northeast Caucasian language with about 15,354 speakers (2002) spoken by the Tsez, a Muslim people in the mountainous Tsunta district of southern and western Dagestan in Russia. The name is said to derive from the Tsez word for "eagle", which is most likely a folk etymology. The name Dido is derived from the Georgian word დიდი (didi), meaning "big".
Dido
Idioma tsez
Língua tsez
Tsesische Sprache
Tsez
Tsez language
Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of north-eastern Victoria. As it is no longer spoken, Dhudhuroa is primarily known today from written material collected by R. H. Mathews from Neddy Wheeler. It has gone by numerous names, including Yaitmathang, Balangamida, Theddoramittung, Tharamirttong, Theddora, Jandangara, and Gundanora.
Dhudhuroa
Dhudhuroa language
Donno So Dogon
Dogon, Donno So
Dawera-Daweloor is an Austronesian language spoken in six villages on Dawera and Daweloor islands in South Maluku, Indonesia.
Dawera-Daweloor
Dawera-Daweloor language
Dengebu, also Dagik, Dagig, Thakik, Buram, Reikha, is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. It is 80% lexically similar with Ngile, which is also spoken by the Mesakin / Masakin people.
Dagik
Dengebu language
Dedua is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Dzeigoc and Fanic.
Dedua
Dedua language
The Dewoin language, also known as De, Dey, or Dei, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken primarily near the coastal areas of Montserrado County in western Liberia, including the capital Monrovia. It has a lexical similarity of .72 with the Bassa language.
Dewoin
Dewoin language
Dezfuli
Galatian is an extinct Celtic language once spoken in Galatia in Asia Minor (modern Turkey) from the 3rd century BC up to at least the 4th century AD, although ancient sources suggest it was still spoken in the 6th century.
Galatische Sprache
Galate
Galatian
Galato
Idioma gálata
Língua gálata
Galatian language
Degema is a Delta Edoid language of Nigeria. It is spoken in two autonomous communities on the Degema Island by about 22,000 people, going by the 1991 population census figures (including the projection figures for the two Degema-speaking communities). The two communities in which Degema is spoken are Usokun-Degema and Degema Town (Atala) in Degema Local Government Area of Rivers State of Nigeria. Each of these communities speaks a variety of Degema that is highly mutually intelligible with the other. These varieties are called by the names of the communities that speak them. They are the Usokun variety spoken in Usokun-Degema and the Degema Town (Atala) variety spoken in Degema Town. These varieties are very similar in their phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties.
Degema
Degema language
Dehwari
Demisa
Dek
The Delaware languages, also known as the Lenape languages, are Munsee and Unami, two closely related languages of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family. Munsee and Unami were spoken aboriginally by the Lenape people in the vicinity of the modern New York City area in the United States, including western Long Island, Manhattan Island, Staten Island, as well as adjacent areas on the mainland: southeastern New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and coastal Delaware.
Delaware
Delaware-Sprache
delaware
Delaware languages
Lingua delaware
Línguas delaware
Dem (Lem, Ndem) is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Dem
Dem language
Slavey (; also Slave, Slavé) is an Athabaskan language spoken among the Slavey First Nations of Canada in the Northwest Territories where it also has official status. The language is written using Canadian Aboriginal syllabics or the Latin script.
Slave
slave
slavey
Esclave
Slave (Athapascan)
Slavey
Slavey language
esclave (athapascan)
Pidgin Delaware
Delaware, Pidgin
Dendi (Central African Republic)
Deori is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Deori people of Assam. It is one of the official languages of Arunachal Pradesh. Only one of the Deori tribes, the Dibongya, has retained the language, the others having shifted to Assamese, but among the Dibongya it is vigorous.
Deori
Deori language
Desano
New High German (NHG) is the term used for the most recent period in the history of the German language. It is a translation of the German Neuhochdeutsch (Nhd). It includes all of the modern High German dialects since the Baroque period, but is often used as a synonym for Standard German.
Deutsch
German
alemán
alemão
allemand
tedesco
Haut-allemand moderne
Neuhochdeutsch
New High German
Domung
Dengese (Lengese, Ndengese) is a Bantu language of northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Dengese
Dengese language
Southern Dagaare
Dagaare, Southern
Budu Dogon or Bunoge, also known as Korandabo, is a recently discovered Dogon language spoken in Mali. It was first reported online. The plural suffix on nouns is closest to Kolum so, suggesting it should be classified as a West Dogon language.
Budu Dogon
Bunoge Dogon
Dogon, Bunoge
Gbin
Casiguran Dumagat Agta
Agta, Casiguran Dumagat
Dagaari Dioula
Degenan
The Doga language is an Austronesian language spoken by about 200 people along Cape Vogel in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.
Doga
Doga language
Dghwede (also known as Hude, Johode, Traude, Dehoxde, Tghuade, Toghwede, Wa'a, Azaghvana, Zaghvana) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria in the Gwoza LGA.
Dghwede
Dghwede language
Northern Dagara
Dagara, Northern
Dagba
Gudang
Andaandi
Dongolawi
Dagoman
Dogri
Dogri (individual language)
Dogrib, the English translation of the indigenous name , is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the First Nations Tłı̨chǫ people of the Canadian territory Northwest Territories. According to Statistics Canada in 2006, there were approximately 2,640 people who spoke Dogrib.
Dogrib
dogrib
Dogrib language
Flanc-de-chien
Língua dogrib
, Black Dogose, Dogoso (Black Dogose) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso. Other than Khe, is distant from other languages, including the neighboring Dogosé language.
Dogoso
Dogoso language
The Tongva language (also known as Gabrielino or Gabrieleño) is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Tongva, a Native American people who live in and around Los Angeles, California. Tongva is closely related to several other Takic languages, including Cahuilla and Serrano.
Gabrielino-fernandeño
Tongva language
Gabrielino-Fernandeño
Ndrag'ngith
Degaru
Daungwurrung
Doghoro
Daga (Dimuga, Nawp) is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Daga
Daga language
Dhundari is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Dhundhar region of northeastern Rajasthan state, India. Dhundari-speaking people are found in three districts – Jaipur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Dausa, and Tonk. The derivation of the name “Dhundari” is thought to be from two origins. According to the first opinion, Dhundari is believed to have drawn its name from the Dhundh or Dhundhakriti mountain, which is situated near Jobner in Jaipur District. The other opinion is that it is named after a river called Dhundh flowing through this region. Hence the name became Dhundhar.
Dhundari
Dhundari language
Djangu
Dhangu
Dhimal is a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal and India.
Dhimal
Dhimal language
Dhalandji
Zemba (Dhimba) is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Angola where the language has about 18,000 speakers, and also in Namibia with some 4,000. It is closely related to Herero, and is often considered a dialect of that language, especially as the Zemba are ethnically Herero.
Zemba
Zemba language
Dhanki
Dhodia
Goreng
Dhargari
Dhaiso
Dhurga
Drehu ([ɖehu]; also known as Dehu, Lifou, Lifu, qene drehu ) is an Austronesian language mostly spoken on Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. It has about twelve-thousand fluent speakers and the status of a French regional language. This status means that pupils can take it as an optional topic for the baccalauréat in New Caledonia itself or French mainland. It has been also taught at the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INALCO) in Paris since 1973 and at the since 2000. As for other Kanak languages, Drehu is now regulated by the "Académie des langues kanak", officially founded in 2007.
Dehu
Drehu
Drehu language
San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec
Zapotec, San Pedro Quiatoni
Dhanwar also known as Rai is a language spoken in parts of Nepal by an Indo-Aryan ethnic group of 50 thousand. It is an unclassified Indo-Aryan language, and is not related to the Rai languages of the Tibeto-Burman family.
Dhanwar
Dhanwar (Nepal)
Dhanwar Rai language
Garingbal
Dhungaloo
Dia (Alu, Galu, Metru) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Sinagen is also called Galu.
Dia
Dia language
South Central Dinka
Dinka, South Central
Lakota Dida
Dida, Lakota
The Didinga language (’Di’dinga) is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Chukudum and Lowudo peoples of the Didinga Hills of South Sudan. It is a member of the Surmic languages.
Didinga
Didinga language
Galindian is a poorly attested extinct language, considered to be a part of the Baltic languages group. There are no extant writings in Galindian.
Galindan
Galindien
Lingua galindica
Galindian language
Diyari or Dieri is an Australian Aboriginal language of South Australia spoken by the Diyari tribe.
Dieri
Língua diyari
Diyari language
Digo (Chidigo) is a Bantu language spoken primarily along the East African coast between Mombasa and Tanga by the Digo people of Kenya and Tanzania. The ethnic Digo population has been estimated at around 360,000 (Mwalonya et al. 2004), the majority of whom are presumably speakers of the language. All adult speakers of Digo are bilingual in Swahili, East Africa's lingua franca. The two languages are closely related, and Digo also has a lot of vocabulary borrowed from neighbouring Swahili dialects.
Digo
Chidigo
Digo language
Kumeyaay (Kumiai), also known as Central Diegueño, Kamia, and Campo, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of southern San Diego and Imperial counties in California. Hinton (1994:28) suggested a conservative estimate of 50 surviving Kumeyaay speakers. A more liberal estimate (including speakers of Ipai and Tipai), supported by the results of the Census 2000, is 110 people in the US, including 15 persons under the age of 18.
Kumiai
Kumeyaay language
Kaalong, also known as Dimbong (Mbong), is a nearly extinct Bantu language of Cameroon. Speakers have shifted to Bafia.
Dimbong
Kaalong language
Dai
Southwestern Dinka
Dinka, Southwestern
Dilling
Dime or Dima is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the northern part of the Selamago district in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region of Ethiopia, around Mount Smith. Dime divides into at least two dialects, which include Us'a and Gerfa. It has six case suffixes, in addition to an unmarked nominative. It is overwhelmingly suffixing, but uses prefixes for demonstratives. Phonologically, it is noteworthy for having velar and uvular fricative phonemes. The basic word order is SOV (subject–object–verb), as in other Omotic languages, indeed as in all the languages of the core of the Ethiopian Language Area.
Dime
Dime language
This article is about the language, for the ethnic group see Dinka. Dinka, or , is a Nilotic dialect cluster spoken by the Dinka people, the major ethnic group of South Sudan. There are five main varieties, Ngok, Rek, Agaar, Twic / Tuic East, and Bor, which are distinct enough to require separate literary standards and thus to be considered separate languages. Jaang or Jieng is used as a general term to cover all Dinka languages. The Rek Dialect is said to be the standard and prestige dialect.
Dinka
dinca
dinka
Dinka language
Dinka-Sprache
Língua dinka
Dibo, Ganagana, Ganagawa, is a Nupoid language spoken in Nigeria.
Dibo
Dibo language
Northeastern Dinka
Dinka, Northeastern
Dimli (individual language)
Dirim
Guwinmal
Dimasa language is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Dimasa people in the state of Assam in North East India.
Dimasa
Dimasa language
Dirari
Gciriku or Dciriku (Diriku), officially Rumanyo, is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, in Botswana, and in Angola. It was first known in the west via the Vagciriku, who had migrated from the main Vamanyo area and spoke Rugciriku, a dialect of Rumanyo. The name Gciriku (Dciriku, Diriku) remains common in the literature, but within Namibia the name Rumanyo has been revived.
Diriku
Gciriku language
Dhivehi ( Divehi) is an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by about 350,000 people in the Maldives where it is the national language. It is also the first language of nearly 10,000 people in the island of Minicoy in the Union territory of Lakshadweep, India where the Mahl dialect of the Dhivehi language is spoken.
Dhivehi
Divehi
divehi
Dhivehi language
Idioma dhivehi
Lingua maldiviana
Língua divehi
Maldivian
Maledivisch
maldivien
Northwestern Dinka
Dinka, Northwestern
Garza is an extinct Comecrudan language of Texas and Mexico. It is known from two tribal names and twenty-one words recorded from the chief of the Garza by Berlandier in 1828 (Berlandier et al. 1828–1829, 1850: 143–144). At that time, the Garza all spoke Spanish and were acculturated. The Garza may have been the same as the Atanguaypacam tribe (of the Comecrudo) recorded in 1748. The Garza were called something like Meacknan or Miákan by the neighboring Cotoname (Gatschet 1886: 54) while they called the Cotoname Yué. Garza is Spanish for "heron".
Garza
Garza language
Dixon Reef
Diuwe
Ding (Di, Dzing) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ding
Ding language
Djadjawurrung
Djinba
Daju Mongo is an Eastern Sudanic language, one of three closely related languages in the area called "Daju" (the other two being the Nyala language and the Sila language. It is spoken in Chad near the Darfur border. There are three dialects, Bardangal, Eref, and Gadjira.
Dar Daju Daju
Daju Mongo language
Daju, Dar Daju
Jaminjung is Australian language spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia. There seems to be a steady increase in the number of speakers of the language with very few people speaking the language in 1967, about 30 speakers in 1991, and between 50 to 150 speakers in 2000.
Djamindjung
Jaminjung language
Zarma (also spelled Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Adzerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma, Zarmaci, and Zerma) is a member of the Songhay languages. It is the leading indigenous language of the southwestern lobe of the West African nation of Niger, where the Niger River flows and the capital city, Niamey, is located, and it is the second leading for that entire nation, after Hausa, which is spoken in south central Niger. In earlier decades, it was known as Djerma. With over 2 million speakers, Zarma is far and away the most widely spoken of the Songhay languages. The two other major Songhay dialects or languages are spoken upriver in the neighboring nation of Mali. They are Koyraboro Senni, centered on the city of Gao, with about 400,000 speakers, and yet further upriver from Zarma territory, Koyra Chiini, centered on the eminent ancient university city of Timbuktu, with about 200,000 speakers. According to some reports, speakers of Zarma do not understand Koyraboro Senni.
Zarma
zarma
Idioma zarma
Língua zarma
Zarma language
Djangun
Djinang
Djeebbana, also known as Ndjebbana, Gunavidji, Gunivugi, Kunibidji, or Gombudj, is a Burarran language once spoken by the Djeebbana people, who now speak English with some ability in their ancestral language. It has no close relatives.
Djeebbana
Djeebbana language
Ndyuka , also called Aukan, Okanisi, Ndyuka tongo, Aukaans, Businenge Tongo, Eastern Maroon Creole, or Nenge is a creole language of Suriname, spoken by the Ndyuka people. Most of the 25 to 30 thousand speakers live in the interior of the country, which is a part of the country covered with tropical rainforests. Ethnologue lists under the name Ndyuka.
Aukaans
Ndjuka
Ndyuka
Nenge
Businenge Tongo
Eastern Maroon Creole
Ndyuka language
Unggumi
Jiwarli (also spelt Djwiarli, Tjiwarli) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Western Australia. It is one of the Mantharta languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Djiwarli
Jiwarli language
Jam Sai (sometimes spelled Jamsay) is one of the Dogon languages spoken in Mali, and the only one spoken in Burkina Faso apart for a few villages of Tomo Kan. It is one of the plains languages spoken in Dogon villages outside the Bandiagara Escarpment (the cliffs that the Dogon ethnic group is usually associated with). It is a major language in Koro, at the south end of the escarpment, and stretches as far north as Douentza. It is not mutually intelligible with other Plains Dogon languages, but is widely known as the prestige variety due to its use as the language of radio broadcasts. Dialects are Domno tegu, Gono tegu, Bama tegu, and Guru tegu; their degree of mutual intelligibility has not been recorded. Domno is the standard dialect, and considered the purest; Guru (Koro) is the dialect of that town.
Jamsay Dogon
Dogon, Jamsay
Jamsai Dogon
Jawoyn (Jawany, Djauan, Adowen, Jawan, Jawony) or Kumertuo is an endangered Gunwinyguan language spoken by elders in Arnhem Land, Australia.
Djauan
Jawoyn language
Jangkang (Djongkang) is a Dayak language of Borneo.
Jangkang
Jangkang language
Djambarrpuyngu
Kapriman is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. Alternative names are Mugumute, Wasare.
Kapriman
Kapriman language
Jawi is a nearly extinct dialect of the Bardi language of Western Australia, the traditional language of the Jawi people. There are no longer any known fluent speakers, but there may be some partial speakers.
Djawi
Jawi dialect
Guwa
The Dakpa language (Dzongkha: དཀ་པ་ཁ་; Wylie: Dak-pa-kha; also called "Dakpakha" and "D°akpakha") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 1,000 people in northern Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan, mainly in Chaleng, Phongmey, Yobinang, Dangpholeng and Lengkhar near Radhi. Van Driem (2001) describes Dakpa as the most divergent of Bhutan's East Bodish languages. SIL reports that Dakpa may be dialect of Brokpake, and that it been influenced by Dzalakha while Brokpake has not.
Dakpakha
Dakpa language
Dakka
Kuijau
Southeastern Dinka
Dinka, Southeastern
Mazagway (also known as Mazagway-Hidi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in North Province and Far North Province.
Mazagway
Mazagway language
Harami
The Dolgan language is a Turkic language with around 5,000 speakers, spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia. Its speakers are known as the Dolgans.
Dolgan
Dolgane
Dolganische Sprache
Dolgan language
Dahalik
Dalmatian (or Dalmatic) was a Romance language spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Montenegro. The name refers to a pre-Roman tribe of the Illyrian linguistic group, Dalmatae. The Ragusan dialect of Dalmatian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa – although in later times this came to be superseded by Italian (representing the Romance language population) or Serbian/Croatian (for the slavophone population).
Dalmate
Dalmatian
Dalmatische Sprache
Idioma dalmático
Lingua dalmatica
Língua dálmata
Dalmatian language
Darlong
Duma
Mombo Dogon is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. Helabo and Miambo are dialects.
Mombo Dogon
Dogon, Mombo
Zuojiang Zhuang
Zhuang, Zuojiang
Dimir, also known as Bosiken (Boskien), is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Gavak
Dimir
Dimir language
Hunnic
Hunnische Sprache
Idioma huno
Lingua unna
Língua huna
Hunnic language
Madhi Madhi
Dugwor is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Dugwor
Dugwor language
Upper Kinabatangan
Kinabatangan, Upper
Domaakí – also known as Dumaki or Domaá – is a language spoken by a few hundred people living in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Domaaki
Domaaki language
Dameli is a language spoken by approximately 5,000 people in the Domel Valley, in the Chitral District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Dameli
Dameli language
Dama
Kemezung (Dumbo, Dumbu, Dzumbo, Kumaju) is a Bantoid (Eastern Beboid) language of Cameroon. According to Ethnologue, it's 85% lexically similar to Bebe.
Kemedzung
Kemezung
Kemezung language
East Damar
Damar, East
Dampelas
Dubu
Tebi
Dumpas
Mudburra
Dema
Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec
Zapotec, Guevea De Humboldt
Demta, also known as Sowari and Muris, is a Papuan language on the north coast of Papua, Indonesia.
Demta
Demta language
Sowari
Hadrami
Hadramautic language
Upper Grand Valley Dani
Dani, Upper Grand Valley
Daonda
Ndendeule is a Bantu language of Tanzania. Speakers are mostly monolingual.
Ndendeule
Ndendeule language
The Dungan language is a Sinitic language spoken by the Dungan of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China.
Doungane
Dungan
Dunganische Sprache
Dungan language
Lower Grand Valley Dani
Dani, Lower Grand Valley
Dengka
Dzùùngoo
Danaru
Mid Grand Valley Dani
Dani, Mid Grand Valley
Khetrani or Khetranki is an Indo Indo-European language. It is spoken in north east Balochistan province in Pakistan. The population is speaking this language is 4,000.
Khetrani
Khetrani language
Danau (Danaw) is a Mon–Khmer language of Burma.
Danau
Danau language
Danu
Western Dani, or Laani, is the most populous Papuan language in Indonesian New Guinea. The Swart Valley tribes are called Oeringoep and Timorini in literature from the 1920s, but those names are no longer used.
Western Dani
Dani, Western
Western Dani language
Deni (also Dení, Dani) is an Arawan language spoken in Brazil. Deni is very similar to the other languages of the Arawan language family, but is especially similar to the Jamamadi language.
Dení
Deni language
Dom
Dobu
Northern Dong
Dong, Northern
Doe
Domu
Dong, or Donga, is a poorly documented language of Nigeria. Though clearly Niger–Congo, is difficult to classify; Blench proposes that it is one of the Dakoid languages, closest to Gaa.
Dong
Donga language
Dogri (डोगरी or ڈوگرى) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about five million people in India and Pakistan, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, but also in northern Punjab, other parts of Jammu and Kashmir, and elsewhere. Dogri speakers are called Dogras, and the Dogri-speaking region is called Duggar. Dogri is a member of the Western Pahari Group of languages. The language is referred to as Pahari (पहाड़ी or پھاڑی) in Pakistan and Pakistani-administered parts of Kashmir. Unusually for an Indo-European language, Dogri is tonal, a trait it shares with other Western Pahari languages and Punjabi.
dogri
Dogri (macrolanguage)
Dogri language
Idioma dogri
Língua dogri
Xhosa (, Xhosa: ) is one of the official languages of South Africa. Xhosa is spoken by approximately 7.9 million people, or about 18% of the South African population. Like most Bantu languages, Xhosa is a tonal language, that is, the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings when said with a rising or falling or high or low intonation. One of the most distinctive features of the language is the prominence of click consonants; the word "Xhosa" begins with a click.
Xhosa
xhosa
xosa
Idioma xhosa
IsiXhosa
Lingua xhosa
Língua xhosa
Xhosa language
Dondo
Doso is an unclassified language of New Guinea. It is spoken near Kamula but does not appear to be related to it; not enough is known to tell if it may be related to other languages in the area.
Doso
Doso language
Toura
Toura (Papua New Guinea)
Dongo (Donga, Dongo Ko) is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.
Dongo
Dongo language
Lukpa (Legba, Logba) is a Gur language spoken in Benin and Togo.
Lokpa
Lukpa
Lukpa language
Dominican Sign Language
Dori'o (also known as Kwarekwareo) is an Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands.
Dori'o
Dori'o language
Dogosé, or Doghose, is a Gur language of Burkina Faso.
Dogosé
Doghose language
Dass (also known as Barawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State and Plateau State, Nigeria.
Dass
Dass language
Dombe
The Dowayo language (Doyayo) is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages.
Doyayo
Doyayo language
Bussa (also known as Muusiye, Dobase, Doopace, Dopaasunte, Lohu, Mashile, Mashelle, Masholle, Mosiye, Musiye, Gobeze, Gowase, Goraze, Orase) is an East Cushitic language spoken in the Dirashe special woreda of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region located in southern Ethiopia. The people themselves, numbering 19,628 according to the 2007 census, call their language Mossittaata. Two varieties can be distinguished: North and West Bussa.
Bussa
Bussa language
Dompo
Dorze is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia. Alemayehu Abebe reports that while performing preliminary fieldwork in 1992, he found 14 kebeles in Chencha woreda with Dorze speakers.
Dorze
Dorzé
Dorze language
Papar
Dair
Minderico, also known as Piação do Ninhou (the language of Minde), was originally a sociolect or a secret language spoken by textile producers and traders in the freguesia (civil parish) of Minde (Alcanena, Portugal). After this initial phase (18th century), Minderico began to expand its vocabulary continuously and creatively. This expansion was (and continues to be) intimately related to the socio-cultural experiences of the inhabitants of Minde. For example, names and nicknames of well-known persons from Minde and the neighbouring areas were used as lexemes to express physical or psychological characteristics, as these characteristics were salient for those persons. This method of lexical formation can be explained by the fact that Minde, due to its geographical isolation, is a small and close knit community, where everyone knows one another. Therefore, using names of persons as a means to express the characteristics associated to them was immediately understood amongst members of the speech community; this was not an obstacle to effective communication.
Minderico
Minderico language
Darmiya
Dolpo
Rungus
Lela or C’lela (Chilela) is a Kainji language of Nigeria. It is known as Dakarkari in Hausa.
C'lela
Lela language
The Darling language is an Australian aboriginal language spoken at the base of the Darling River in New South Wales. Other names for the language include Kula, Baagandji, and Southern Baagandji. The Darling People are now, after British settlement, nearly extinct. Only five elders are left speaking the language, and only several more are ethnically related. However, a dialect called Bagundji is widely understood. Other dialects are Kula and Wiljakali. It could be extinct.
Paakantyi
Darling language
West Damar, or North Damar, is an Austronesian language of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.
West Damar
Damar, West
West Damar language
Daro-Matu Melanau
Melanau, Daro-Matu
Dura is a critically endangered language of Nepal, and the ethnic group that has historically spoken it. It has been classified in the West Bodish branch of Tibetan languages, though more recent work separates it out as an independent branch of Tibeto-Burman. Many of the Dura have switched to speaking Nepali, and the Dura language has sometimes been thought to be extinct. Some of the people who have switched to Nepali for their daily speech still use Dura only for saying prayers.
Dura
Dura language
Dororo or Doriri is an extinct language that was once spoken in New Georgia (Solomon Islands). Dororo might have been a dialect of the extinct Kazukuro language.
Dororo
Dororo language
Gedeo is the name of a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family spoken in south central Ethiopia. Alternate names for the language include Derasa, Deresa, Darassa, Geddeo, Derasanya, Darasa. It is spoken by the Gedeo people, who live in the highland area, southwest of Dila and east of Lake Abaya.
Gedeo
Gedeo language
Drèents (also Dreins, Dreints, Drents, Drints; ) is a collective term for the dialects spoken in Drenthe, a province of the Netherlands. The dialects, which are still spoken by half the population of Drenthe, are Dutch Low Saxon variants.
Drents
Drèents
Rukai is the mother tongue of the Rukai, one indigenous people of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a divergent Formosan language of the Austronesian languages language family. There are some 10,000 speakers, some monolingual. There are several dialects, of which Mantauran, Tona, and Maga are divergent.
Idioma rukai
Lingua Rukai
Rukai
Rukai language
Hernican
Darai
Lower Sorbian is a Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg. It is one of the two literary Sorbian languages, the other being Upper Sorbian.
Bajo sorabo
Lower Sorbian
Niedersorbisch
bas-sorabe
basso sorabo
sérvio baixo
Baixo sorábio
Bas-sorabe
Lingua lusaziana inferiore
Lower Sorbian language
Niedersorbische Sprache
Sorbian, Lower
sorbio inferior
Dutch Sign Language (Nederlandse Gebarentaal or NGT; Sign Language of the Netherlands or SLN) is the sign language used by deaf people in the Netherlands and is not officially recognized. As of 1995, more and more schools for the deaf in The Netherlands teach Nederlands met Gebaren or NmG. This uses the same grammar as Dutch spoken language, in contrast to NGT.
Dutch Sign Language
Língua de sinais neerlandesa
Daasanach (also known as Dasenech, Daasanech, Dathanaik, Dathanaic, Dathanik, Dhaasanac, Gheleba, Geleba, Geleb, Gelebinya, Gallab, Galuba, Gelab, Gelubba, Dama, Marille, Merile, Merille, Morille, Reshiat, Russia) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Daasanach in Ethiopia and Kenya whose homeland is along the Lower Omo River and on the shores of Lake Turkana.
Daasanach
Daasanach language
Disa
Danish Sign Language (DSL) is the sign language used in Denmark.
Danish Sign Language
Língua de sinais dinamarquesa
Dusner is spoken in the Wandamen Bay area Cenderawasih Bay in the province of Papua, Indonesia. Dusner is highly endangered, and has been reported to have just three remaining speakers.
Dusner
Dusner language
Hattic was a language spoken by the Hattians in Asia Minor between the 3rd and the 2nd millennia BC. Scholars call this language Hattic to distinguish it from the Hittite language--the Indo-European language of the Hittite Empire.
Hattic
Hattische Sprache
Idioma hatti
Língua hatita
Hattic language
Desiya
The Dawsahak language, Tadaksahak (also Daoussahak and other spellings) is a Songhay language spoken by the pastoralist Idaksahak of the Ménaka area of Mali. Its phonology, verb morphology, and vocabulary has been strongly influenced by the neighboring Tuareg languages, Tamasheq and Tamajaq.
Tadaksahak
Tadaksahak language
The Daur or Dagur language is a Mongolic language primarily spoken by members of the Daur ethnic group.
Daur
Daur language
Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan
Kadazan, Labuk-Kinabatangan
Ditidaht (also Nitinaht, Nitinat, Southern Nootkan) is a South Wakashan (Nootkan) language spoken on the southern part of Vancouver Island. Nitinaht is related to the other South Wakashan languages, Makah and the neighboring Nuu-chah-nulth.
Ditidaht
Nitinaht
Ditidaht language
Adithinngithigh
Ana Dogon, or Ana Tiŋa, is a recently discovered Dogon language spoken in Mali. It was first reported online by Roger Blench.
Ana Dogon
Ana Tinga Dogon
Dogon, Ana Tinga
Tene Kan Dogon
Dogon, Tene Kan
Tomo Kan Dogon
Dogon, Tomo Kan
Tommo So Dogon
Dogon, Tommo So
Dusun (Dusun:Boros Dusun),is the language spoken by the Dusun people of Sabah, Malaysia.
Central Dusun
Língua dusun
Dusun language
Dusun, Central
Lotud
Toro So Dogon
Dogon, Toro So
The Toro language, Tɔrɔ tegu Mountain speech, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. It is closest to the prestige variety of Dogon, Jamsay tegu, though speakers deny they are related and understand little of it. (They understand nothing of the Dogon languages on the escarpment or plateau.) Hochstetler report difficulties in comprehension between Tɔrɔ tegu and one of the western Plains Dogon languages, Tomo kan.
Toro Tegu Dogon
Dogon, Toro Tegu
Toro-tegu Dogon
Hurrian is a conventional name for the language of the Hurrians (Khurrites), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC. Hurrian was the language of the Mitanni kingdom in northern Mesopotamia, and was likely spoken at least initially in Hurrian settlements in Syria. It is generally believed that the speakers of this language originally came from the Armenian mountains and spread over southeast Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.
Hurrian
Hurritische Sprache
Hourrites#Langue
Idioma hurrita
Lingua hurrita
Hurrian language
The Tebul language, Tebul Ure, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali by the Tebul U (Tebul people). It was first reported under this name online by Roger Blench, who reports that it appears to be the same as a language called Oru Yille in the literature. That name is an error; it means two words in the Tebul language.
Tebul Dogon
Dogon, Tebul Ure
Tebul Ure Dogon
Dotyali
Duala (also spelled Douala, Diwala, Dwela, Dualla, and Dwala) is the language spoken by the Duala and Mungo peoples of Cameroon. The language belonges to the Bantu language family, and a subgroup of it called the Sawabantu languages. The song "Soul Makossa", as well as pop songs that repeated its lyrics, internationally popularized the Duala word for "(I) dance", "makossa".
Douala
Duala
duala
Duala language
Língua duala
douala
Dubli
Duna (Yuna) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Duna
Duna language
Duka, or Saare, is a Kainji language of Nigeria. The eastern and western dialects are known as Hun and Saare in the literature, but speakers use Saare for both.
Hun-Saare
Duka language
Umiray Dumaget Agta
Agta, Umiray Dumaget
Ndrumbea, variously spelled Ndumbea, Dubea, Drubea and Païta, is a New Caledonian language that gave its name to the capital of New Caledonia, Nouméa, and the neighboring town of Dumbéa. It has been displaced to villages outside the capital, with fewer than a thousand speakers remaining. Gordon (1995) estimates that there may only be two or three hundred. The Dubea are the people; the language has been called Naa Dubea (or more precisely ) "language of Dubea".
Drubea
Dumbea
Ndrumbea language
Duruma
Chiduruma
Dungra Bhil
Dumun
Dhuwal (also called Duala, Dual, or Wulamba) is an Australian Aboriginal language. In 1983, it was spoken by about 500 people in Australia's Northern Territory. Now it is spoken by about 3,650 individuals according to Ethnologue.
Dhuwal
Dhuwal language
Uyajitaya
Alabat Island Agta
Agta, Alabat Island
Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible.
Middle Dutch
Mittelniederländisch
Moyen néerlandais
holandês médio
neerlandés medieval
olandese medio
Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350)
Dutch, Middle (ca.1050-1350)
Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)
Olandese medio
moyen néerlandais
néerlandais moyen (ca. 1050-1350)
Khua
Dusun Deyah
Dupaninan Agta
Agta, Dupaninan
Duano
Dusun Malang
The Dii language is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages. Yag Dii is the ethnonym.
Dii
Dii language
Dumi is a Kiranti language spoken in the area around the Tap and Rava rivers and their confluence in Khotang district, Nepal.
Dumi
Dumi language
Derung, Dulong or Trung is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Derung people of China. The Derung have no written language. It is believed that the Derung and Nu (Anung) people are of the same origin and speak somewhat the same language. They share the same kinship terminology as well as other cultural features.
Drung
Derung language
Xiandao
Duvle (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
Duvle
Duvle language
Dusun Witu
Duungooma
Dicamay Agta
Agta, Dicamay
Duli
Duau
Totomachapan Zapotec
Zapotec, Totomachapan
Diri is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Diri
Diri language
The Iberian language was the language of a people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian peninsula. The ancient Iberians can be identified as a rather nebulous local culture between the 7th and 1st century BC. The Iberian language, as the other paleohispanic languages, except Basque, became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin. Iberian is speculated to be a language isolate, but while its different scripts have been deciphered to various extents, the language itself remains largely unknown.
Iberian
Iberische Sprache
Idioma ibero
Ibère
Iberian language
Dawro
Dutton World Speedwords
Dawawa
Dyan (Dan, Dian, Dya, Dyane, Dyanu) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso. Zanga is either a divergent dialect or a closely related language.
Dyan
Dyan language
Dyaberdyaber (Jabirr-Jabirr) is a Western Nyulnyulan language formerly spoken on the coast south of Beagle Bay in Western Australia.
Dyaberdyaber
Djabirr-Djabirr language
Jukun or Djugun is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. There are no longer any fluent speakers of Jukun, but some people may remember it to some degree.
Dyugun
Djugun language
Villa Viciosa Agta
Agta, Villa Viciosa
Djimini (Jinmini) is a southern Senufo of Ivory Coast. Blacksmiths among the Djimini once spoke Tonjon, a Mande language.
Djimini Senoufo
Dschimini
Djimini language
Senoufo, Djimini
Yanda Dogon is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. It is reported to be lexically similar to Nanga, which is only known from one report from 1953.
Yanda Dogon
Dogon, Yanda Dom
Yanda Dom Dogon
Dyangadi
Jola or Diola, also called Jola-Fonyi, is a language spoken by half a million people in the Casamance region of Senegal, and neighboring countries. The French spelling is Diola and Diola Fogny. Jola people themselves say that a person is ajoola and they speak joola.
Jola-Fonyi
diola-fogny
jola-fony
jola-fonyi
Jola-Fonyi language
Jula (Dyula, Dioula) is a Mande language spoken in Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire and Mali. It is one of the Manding languages, and is most closely related to Bambara, being mutually intelligible with Bambara as well as Malinke. It is a trade language in West Africa and is spoken by millions of people, either as a first or second language. It is written in the Arabic script and the Latin script, as well as in the indigenous NKo alphabet.
Dioula
Dyula
diula
Dyula language
Dyula-Sprache
Idioma diula
Lingua dioula
Língua dioula
dioula
diúla
Djabugay (many other names; see below) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language once spoken by Djabugay people.
Dyaabugay
Djabugay language
Tunzu
Xiri or Xirikwa, in Afrikaans orthography Gri or Griqua (ethnonym Xirigowap, also called "Cape Hottentot"), is a Khoe language of South Africa. It is related to Nama. Xiri was once spoken along the entire coast of South Africa from Namibia to Lesotho, but it is now moribund, with less than a hundred scattered speakers left.
Xiri
Língua xiri
Xiri language
Daza (also known as Dazawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language of unclear affiliation spoken in a few villages of Darazo LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Daza
Dazawa language
The Daza language, Dazaga, also known as Goran (Arabic قرعان), is a language spoken in the Djurab desert region of Chad by the Daza people, and is part of the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. It is said to have about 312,000 speakers. It is closely associated with the Tedaga language, spoken by the Teda, the other Toubou people.
Dazaga
dazaga
Dazaga language
The Dzala language, also called Dzalakha or Dzalamat, is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken in eastern Bhutan, in Lhuntse and Trashiyangtse Districts.
Dzalakha
Dzala language
Dzando
Dzongkha (; Wylie: rdzong-kha, Jong-kă), occasionally Ngalopkha, is the national language of Bhutan. The word "dzongkha" means the language (kha) spoken in the dzong, – dzong being the fortress-like monasteries established throughout Bhutan by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the 17th century.
Dzongkha
dzonga
dzongkha
Bhutanisch
Idioma dzongkha
Lingua dzongkha
Língua butanesa
Karenggapa
Ebughu
Ebughu language
Eastern Bontok
Bontok, Eastern
Teke-Ebo
Ebrié, or Cama (Caman, Kyama, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), is spoken in Ivory Coast and Ghana. It is a Potou language of the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family of languages.
Ebrié
Tchaman
Tschaman
Ebrié language
Kîembu is a Bantu language of Kenya and spoken by the Aembu (sg. Muembu) or Embu people. ISO 639-3 code is ebu.
Embu
embu
kiembu
Embu language
Kiembu
Eteocretan
The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as Illyrians: Ardiaei, Delmatae, Pannonii, Autariates, Taulanti (see List of Illyrian tribes). Some sound-changes from Proto-Indo-European to Illyrian and other language features are deduced from what remains of the Illyrian languages, but because there are no examples of ancient Illyrian literature surviving (aside from the Messapian writings if they can be considered Illyrian), it is difficult to clarify its place within the Indo-European language family. Because of the uncertainty, most sources provisionally place Illyrian on its own branch of Indo-European, though its relation to other languages, ancient and modern, continues to be studied.
Illyrian
Illyrische Sprache
Lenguas ilirias
Línguas ilírias
Illyrian languages
Ecuadorian Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Ecuador.
Ecuadorian Sign Language
Língua de Sinais do Equador
Eteocypriot was a pre-Indo-European language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus. The name means "true" or "original Cyprian" parallel to Eteocretan, both of which names are used by modern scholarship to mean the pre-Greek languages of those places. Eteocypriot was written in the Cypriot syllabary, a syllabic script derived from Linear A (via the Cypro-Minoan variant Linear C). The language was under pressure from Arcadocypriot Greek from ca. the 10th century BC and finally became extinct in c. the 4th century BC.
Eteocipriota
Eteocypriot
Eteokyprische Sprache
Idioma eteochipriota
Língua eteocipriota
Étéocypriote
Eteocypriot language
E (, ) is a Tai–Chinese mixed language. It is spoken by about 30,000 people, most of whom are classified as Zhuang by the Chinese government, living in the villages of Yongle and Sanfang Districts, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi. The speakers also refer to their language as Kjang E (Edmondso 1992:138).
Idioma e
e language
Efai
Efe
Efik (proper), also known as Riverain Ibibio, is the native language of the Efik people of Nigeria, where it is a national language. It is the official language of the Cross River State in Nigeria.
Efik
efik
efique
Efik language
Ega, also known as Egwa and Diés, is a language of uncertain affiliation within the Niger–Congo language family spoken Ivory Coast. It does not appear to belong to any of the traditional branches of Niger–Congo. Though traditionally assumed to be one of the Kwa languages, Roger Blench now classifies it as a separate branch of the Atlantic–Congo family, though perhaps not far from Kwa and the Volta–Niger languages.
Ega
Ega language
The term Emilian refers to a group of local languages, popularly also called dialects, which are part of the Gallo-Italic group, and are spoken in the historical region of Emilia. Although commonly referred to as an Italian dialect (even by its speakers), it does not descend from the Italian language.
Dialecte émilien
Dialetto emiliano
Emilian
Emilianisch
Emilian language
Eggon (also Egon, Ero, Mo Egon, Hill Mada, or Mada Eggon) is one of the Benue–Congo languages spoken in Nigeria. Eggon Taken from the introduction to "A dictionary of Eggon", edited by Roger Blench (in preparation) The Eggon language is spoken by a large number of people in Nassarawa State in Central Nigeria. These represent the modern Local Government Areas of Akwanga, Lafia and Nassarawa-Eggon. The main towns of the Eggon people are Akwanga, Nassarawa-Eggon, Kagbu and Wana. They stretch as far south as Lafia and west of Akwanga as far as the railway line. They are bordered on the north by the Mada and to the south by the Migili and the Doma.
Eggon
Eggon language
Egyptian
egipcio antiguo
egiziano antico
egípcio arcaico
Ägyptisch
égyptien
Ancient Egyptian
Egyptian (Ancient)
egípcio clássico
égyptien ancien
Ehueun
Eipomek
Eitiep
Eivo Askopan is an East Papuan of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.
Askopan
Askopan language
Ejamat
The Xinca language (Szinca) is a Mesoamerican language spoken by the indigenous Xinca people from communities in the southern portion of Guatemala, near its border with El Salvador and in the mountainous region to the north. The language is generally classed as a language isolate with no demonstrated affiliations with other language families, although a relationship with Lenca has been proposed.
Lenguas xincas
Xinca
Xinca-Sprachen
Língua xinca
Xinca language
Ekajuk, also known as Akajo and Akajuk, is an Ekoid language (of the Niger–Congo family) spoken by thousands of people (30,000 according to a 1986 estimate) in the Cross River State and some surrounding regions of Nigeria.
Ekajuk
ekajuk
ekajuka
Ekajuk language
Eastern Karnic
Karnic, Eastern
Ekit (Eket) is an Ibibio-Efik language of Nigeria.
Ekit
Eket language
Ekari (also Ekagi, Kapauku) is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by about 100,000 people in the Paniai lakes region of the Indonesian province of Papua, including the villages of Mapia and Moanamani. This makes it the second-most populous Papuan language in Indonesian New Guinea after Western Dani. Language use is vigorous. Documentation is quite limited.
Ekari
Ekari language
Eki
Standard Estonian
Estonian, Standard
Kol (Bangladesh)
Elip
The Koti language, or Ekoti (pronounced ), is a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique by about 64,200 people, the Koti people (Akoti). Koti is spoken on Koti Island and is also the major language of Angoche, the capital of the district with the same name in the province of Nampula.
Ekoti
Koti
Koti language
Ekpeye
Yace
Eastern Kayah
Kayah, Eastern
Elepi
El Hugeirat
Nding is an extinct Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan.
Nding
Nding language
Xipináwa
Elkei (Olkoi) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Elkei
Elkei language
Modern Greek ( or , "Neo-Hellenic", historically and colloquially, also known as , "Romaic" or "Roman") refers to the varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic modern features of the language had been present centuries earlier - from the fourth to the fifteenth century AD. During most of the period, the language existed in a situation of diglossia (due in part to the dark ages), with regional spoken dialects existing side by side with learned, archaic written forms. Most notably, during much of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was known in the competing varieties of popular Demotic and learned Katharevousa. Today, standard modern Greek, based on Demotic, is the official language of both Greece and Cyprus. Greek is spoken today by approximately 12-15 million people, mainly in Greece and Cyprus, but also by minority and immigrant communities in many other countries.
Greek
Griechisch
grec
greco
grego
griego
Grec moderne
Greek, Modern (1453-)
Grego moderno
Griego moderno
Lingua greca moderna
Modern Greek
Modern Greek (1453-)
Neugriechische Sprache
grec moderne (après 1453)
Eleme is an Ogoni language of Nigeria.
Eleme
Eleme language
El Molo is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Kenya on the southeastern shore of Lake Turkana. It may be extinct as all speakers in 1994 were over 50. El Molo was thought to be extinct in the middle part of the 20th century, but a few speakers were found in the latter half of that century.
El Molo
El Molo language
Elu
Elamite is an extinct language spoken by the ancient Elamites. Elamite was the primary language in present day Iran from 2800–550 BCE. The last written records in Elamite appear about the time of the conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great.
Elamisch
Elamite
elamita
elamite
elamitico
Élamite
Elamische Sprache
Elamite language
Idioma elamita
Lingua elamitica
Língua elamita
élamite
Ivbiosakon is an Edoid language of Edo State, Nigeria. The dialect names Ora and Emai are also used for the language.
Emai-Iuleha-Ora
Ivbiosakon
Ivbiosakon language
Shiriana (Xiriâna, Chiriana) is an unclassified Upper Amazon Arawakan language once spoken by the Shiriana people of Roraima, Brazil.
Xiriâna
Shiriana language
Mbalo (Embaloh) is an Austronesian (Dayak) language of Borneo. Apart from Taman, it is not close to other languages, and its classification has long been controversial. Adelaar and Himmelmann (2005) propose that it was especially close to Buginese. However, it is frequently left as an isolate within (Nuclear) Malayo-Polynesian, a position supported by a 2008 lexicostatistical study.
Embaloh
Embaloh language
Emerillon (alternate names Emerilon, Emerion, Mereo, Melejo, Mereyo, Teco) is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken in French Guiana on the rivers Camopi and Tampok.
Emerillon
Émérillon
Emerillon language
Eastern Meohang
Meohang, Eastern
The Mussau-Emira language is spoken on the islands of Mussau and Emirau in the St. Matthias Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Mussau-Emira
Mussau-Emira language
Eastern Maninkakan
Maninkakan, Eastern
Mamulique is an extinct Comecrudan language of Mexico.
Mamulique
Mamulique language
Eman
Emok
Northern Emberá, also known as West Embera and Cholo, is the largest Embera language. It is spoken largely in Colombia, but is also the principal language of the Darien Gap in Panama.
Northern Emberá
Emberá, Northern
Northern Embera language
The Alutiiq language (also called Sugpiak, Sugpiaq, Pacific Gulf Yupik, Chugach, Koniag-Chugach, Suk, Sugcestun) is a close relative to the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language spoken in the western and southwestern Alaska, but is considered a distinct language. It has two major dialects: * Koniag Alutiiq: spoken on the upper part of the Alaska Peninsula and on Kodiak Island; was also spoken on Afognak Island before it was deserted in the wake of the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake. * Chugach Alutiiq: spoken on the Kenai Peninsula and in Prince William Sound.
Alutiiq
Alutiiq language
Idioma alutiiq
Língua alutiiq
Pacific Gulf Yupik
Yupik, Pacific Gulf
Eastern Muria
Muria, Eastern
The Harappan language ( the Indus or Mohenjo-Daro language) is the unknown language or languages of the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE) Harappan civilization (Indus Valley Civilization, or IVC). The language being unattested in any readable contemporary source, hypotheses regarding its nature are reduced to purported loanwords and substratum influence, notably the substratum in Vedic Sanskrit and a few terms recorded in Sumerian cuneiform (such as Meluhha), in conjunction with analyses of the undeciphered Indus script.
Harappan language
Idioma harapano
Indus Valley Language
Emplawas
Erromintxela is the distinctive language of a group of Roma living in the Basque Country, who also go by the name Erromintxela. It is sometimes called Basque Caló or Errumantxela in English; caló vasco, romaní vasco, or errominchela in Spanish; and euskado-rromani or euskado-romani in French. Although detailed accounts of the language date to the end of the 19th century, linguistic research only began in the 1990s.
Erromintxela
Erromintxela language
Epigraphic Mayan
Mayan, Epigraphic
Apali (Apal) is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Aki (Aci) is a dialect.
Apali
Apali language
Markweta (Markweeta) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya. The regional terms Endo and Sambirir (or the clan name Talai) have been used for northern and southern Markweta, but they are not distinct dialects.
Markweeta
Markweta language
En (autonym: aiɲ53; also known as Nùng Vên) is a Kra language spoken in Vietnam. Before its discovery in 1998, En language was undistinguished from Nùng, which is a Central Tai language closely related to Zhuang. In the late 1990s, Vietnamese linguist Hoàng Văn Ma had first recognized that it was not a Tai language, ultimately leading to field work distinguishing En as a separate language. Researchers have determined En to be most closely related to the Buyang language.
En language
Ende
Forest Enets
Enets, Forest
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the extensive influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th century, it has been widely dispersed around the world, becoming the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions. It is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organisations. It is the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.
Anglais
Englisch
English
inglese
inglés
inglês
Englische Sprache
English language
Idioma inglés
Lingua inglese
Língua inglesa
anglais
Tundra Enets
Enets, Tundra
Middle English is the period in the history of the English language between the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century.
Inglés medio
Middle English
Mittelenglisch
inglese medio
inglês médio
moyen anglais
English, Middle (1100-1500)
Inglês médio
Medio inglese
Middle English (1100-1500)
Mittelenglische Sprache
Moyen anglais
anglais moyen (1100-1500)
inglés medieval
inglês medieval
Engenni
Xipaya (or Shipaja or Xipaia) is an endangered language spoken in the Pará region of Brazil.
Xipaya
Língua xipaia
Xipaya language
The Enggano language, or Engganese, is the language of Enggano Island off the southwestern coast of Sumatra.
Enggano
Enggano language
Enga (also Caga, Tsaga, Tchaga) is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands that is spoken by approximately 180,000 people in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It has the largest body of speakers of any native language in New Guinea.
Enga
Lingua Enga
Enga language
Emem
Emumu
Enu
Enwan
Enwan (Edu State)
Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)
Eotile, or Beti, is a nearly extinct Tano language of Ivory Coast. Speakers are shifting to Anyin, with remaining Eotile speakers heavily influenced by that language. The last speaker of "pure" Eotile is reported to have died in 1993.
Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)
Eotile language
Epie (or Epie-Atissa) is a language spoken in Nigeria by the Epie-Atissa clan.
Epie
Epie language
Esperanto
esperanto
espéranto
Espéranto
Lingua esperanto
Eravallan
Erromangan or Sye is the primary language spoken on the island Erromango in the Tafea region of the Vanuatu islands. The other Erromanga languages are either moribund or extinct. Although the island is quite large (887 km²), the total number of speakers of Erromango is estimated at around 1900.
Sie
Erromanga language
Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec
Zapotec, Santa María Quiegolani
Eruwa
Minjungbal
Ogea or Erima is a Papuan language spoken by approximately 2210 people living in an area 18 kilometers south of the town of Madang, in the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea.
Ogea
Ogea language
The South Efate language is a Nuclear Southern Oceanic language of the Malayo-Polynesian language family, spoken on the island of Efate in central Vanuatu. , there are approximately 6,000 speakers who live in coastal villages from Pango to Eton. The language's grammar has been described by Nick Thieberger, who is working on a book of stories and . The field recordings have been archived with Paradisec.
South Efate
Éfaté du Sud
Efate, South
South Efate language
Horpa, or Ergong, is a Jiarongic language, or languages, of China. Ethnologue 16 lists Shangzhai Horpa (sTodsde) as a distinct language, with additional splits pending for the 17th edition.
Horpa
Horpa language
Erre or Arri is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language.
Erre
Erre language
Ersu (, Ersu; also called Duoxu or Erhsu) is a Qiangic language of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is spoken by about 9,000 people in China; other sources claim the existence of 20,000 speakers, with some 500 monolingual Ersu speakers.
Ersu
Ersu language
Jaitmatang
Eritai
Erokwanas
Ese 'ejja
Ese’ejja
Ese Ejja
Eshtehardi
North Alaskan Inupiatun
Inupiatun, North Alaskan
Kalkoti
Northwest Alaska Inupiatun
Inupiatun, Northwest Alaska
Egypt Sign Language
Esuma
Salvadoran Sign language is a language used by the deaf community in El Salvador. Its main purpose is to provide education. There are three distinct forms of sign language. American Sign Language was brought over to El Salvador from the United States by missionaries who set up small communal schools for the deaf. The government has also created a school for the deaf, teaching by means of their own modified Salvadoran Sign Language. The third type of sign language used is a combination of American Sign Language and Salvadoran Sign language. Most deaf understand and rely upon both. Their own unique Salvidoran Sign language is based on their language and is most useful in regular encounters; however, American Sign Language is often relied on within education due to the larger and more specific vocabulary. This is the reason that the deaf community within El Salvador sometimes relies upon both ASL and SSL in a combined form.
Salvadoran Sign Language
Estonian Sign Language (ESL, ) is the national sign language of Estonia. In 1998 there were about 4,500 signers out of a deaf population of 2000 and a hearing-impaired population ten times that number. It is widespread in the cities of Tallinn and Pärnu among deaf ethnic Estonians; deaf Russian Estonians in Tallinn use Russian Sign Language, Russians outside Tallinn tend to use a Russian–Estonian Sign Language pidgin, or may be bilingual. In its formative stages, Estonian Sign Language was influenced by Russian and Finnish Sign Language; for example, the ESL sign for butterfly developed from the Finnish sign for bird. There are several dialects, the most archaic of which is the Pärnu variety.
Estonian Sign Language
Língua de sinais estoniana
Esselen (Esselen: Huelel) is a language isolate that was spoken by the Esselen Native Americans on the Central Coast of California, south of Monterey.
Esselen
Idioma esselen
Esselen language
Siberian Yupik (also known as Central Siberian Yupik, Bering Strait Yupik, Yuit, Yoit, "St. Lawrence Island Yupik" and in Russia "Chaplinski Yupik" or Yuk) is one of the four Yupik languages: * Central Siberian Yupik, * Naukan Siberian Yupik, * Central Alaskan Yupik, * Pacific Gulf Yupik. Central Siberian Yupik belongs to the Eskimo–Aleut language family. It the largest Yupik idiom spoken in Siberia, and it is spoken also on St. Lawrence Island. Its speakers, the Siberian Yupik people, are an indigenous people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the Russian Far East and on St. Lawrence Island in the Alaska villages of Savoonga and Gambell.
Central Siberian Yupik
Central Siberian Yupik language
Yupik, Central Siberian
Northern Nago
Nago, Northern
Estonian (eesti keel; ) is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities. It is a Uralic language and is closely related to Finnish.
Estnisch
Estonian
estone
estonien
estonio
estónio
Estnische Sprache
Estonian language
Estonien
Idioma estonio
Lingua estone
Língua estónia
estoniano
Central Alaskan Yupik or just Yupik (also called Yupik, Central Yupik, or indigenously Yugtun) is one of the languages of Yupik family, in turn a member of the Eskimo–Aleut language group, spoken in western and southwestern Alaska. Both in ethnic population and in number of speakers, Central Alaskan Yupik is the largest of the languages spoken by Alaska Natives. As of 2010 it was also the second largest language in the United States in terms of numbers of speakers. Central Alaskan Yupik lies geographically and linguistically between Alutiiq and Central Siberian Yupik. The use of the apostrophe in Central Alaskan Yupik, as opposed to Siberian Yupik, denotes a long p. The word Yupik represents not only the language but also the name for the people themselves (yuk, person, and pik, real.) Of a total population of more than 23,000 people, more than 14,000 are speakers of the language. Children still grow up speaking Yupik as their first language in 17 of 68 Yup'ik villages, those mainly located on the lower Kuskokwim River, on Nelson Island, and along the coast between the Kuskokwim River and Nelson Island.
Central Yupik
Central Alaskan Yup'ik language
Yupik, Central
Etebi
Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. The word Etchemin is a French alteration of an Algonquian word for "canoe".
Etchemin
Etchemin language
Ethiopian Sign Language
Eton
Eton (Vanuatu)
Eton, or Iton, is a Bantu language spoken by the Eton people of Cameroon. The exact number of Eton speakers is unknown, although Ethnologue cites 52,000 speakers based on a 1982 estimate by SIL. It is mutually intelligible with Ewondo, a fact which may have delayed its study for some time.
Eton (Cameroon)
Eton language
Edolo
Khoini (alternatives: Xoini, Xoini, Khoeini, or Di) is a Tatic dialect or language spoken in northwestern Iran, and is one of many Western Iranian languages. It is spoken in the village of Xoin and surrounding areas, about southwest of Zanjan city in northern Iran. The Xoini verbal system follows the general pattern found in other Tati dialects. However, the dialect has its own special characteristics such as continuous present which is formed by the past stem, a preverb shift, and the use of connective sounds. The dialect is in danger of extinction.
Kho'ini
Kho'ini dialect
Yekhee is an Edoid language spoken in Edo State, Nigeria. Not all speakers recognize the name "Yekhee"; some use the district name Etsako.
Yekhee
Yekhee language
The Etruscan language was spoken and written by the Etruscan civilization, in what is present-day Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls). Etruscan was superseded completely by Latin, leaving only a few documents and some loanwords in Latin, such as persona (from Etruscan φersu), and some place-names, such as Roma.
Etruscan
Etruskische Sprache
Idioma etrusco
Lingua etrusca
Língua etrusca
Étrusque
Etruscan language
The Ekoi language, also known as Ejagham, is an Ekoid language (Niger–Congo family) of Nigeria and Cameroon.
Ejagham
Ekoi language
Eten (Iten) is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Eten
Eten language
Semimi, or Etna Bay, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua province of Indonesia.
Semimi
Semimi language
Basque (endonym: , ) is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories (665,800 out of 2,589,600).
Baskisch
Basque
basco
vasco
Baskische Sprache
Basque language
Euskera
Lingua basca
Língua basca
basque
The Even language (also known as Lamut, Ewen, Eben, Orich, Ilqan; , earlier also ) is a Tungusic language spoken by the Evens in Siberia. It is spoken by widely scattered communities of reindeer herders from Kamchatka and the Sea of Okhotsk in the east to the River Lena in the west, and from the Arctic coast in the north to the River Aldan in the south. It is an endangered language, with only some 7,000 speakers (Russian census, 2002). Dialects are Arman, Indigirka, Kamchatka, Kolyma-Omolon, Okhotsk, Ola, Tompon, Upper Kolyma, Sakkyryr, Lamunkhin.
Even
Ewenische Sprache
Idioma even
Lingua evena
Língua even
Évène
Even language
Uvbie
Evenki (also known as Ewenki, Ewenke, Owenke, Solon, Suolun, and Tungus or Tunguz in older works) is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and (the more closely related) Oroqen language. It is spoken by Evenks in Russia, Mongolia, and People's Republic of China.
Evenki
Ewenkische Sprache
Idioma evenki
Lingua Evenchi
Língua evenki
Evenki language
Ewe (Èʋe or Èʋegbe ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken in Ghana, Togo and Benin by approximately three million people. Ewe is part of a cluster of related languages commonly called Gbe, spoken in southeastern Ghana, Togo, and parts of Benin. Other Gbe languages include Fon, Gen, Phla Phera, and Aja. Like other Gbe languages, Ewe is a tonal language.
Ewe
ewe
éwé
Ewe language
Ewe-Sprache
Idioma ewé
Lingua ewe
Língua ewe
eve
Ewondo is the language of the Ewondo people of Cameroon. The language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is a trade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bamvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti, Enoah, Evouzok, Fong, Mbida-Bani, Mvete, Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yabeka, and Yabekanga. Ewondo speakers live primarily in Cameroon's Centre Region and the northern part of the Océan division in the South Region.
Ewondo
ewondo
Ewondo language
éwondo
Mendalam Kayan
Kayan, Mendalam
Extremaduran (autonym: estremeñu, ) is a Romance language, spoken by several hundred thousand people in Spain, in an area covering the north-western part of the autonomous community of Extremadura and adjoining areas in the province of Salamanca. It should not be confused with the Spanish dialects spoken in most of Extremadura, though it is difficult to establish the boundary between the two languages. Most common people in Spain are not aware of its existence and consider it just a dialect of Spanish.
Estremenho
Estrémègne
Extremaduran
Extremadurische Sprache
Idioma extremeño
Lingua estremadurana
Extremaduran dialect
Extremaduran language
Eyak is an extinct Na-Dené language historically spoken by the Eyak people, indigenous to southcentral Alaska, near the mouth of the Copper River.
Eyak
Idioma eyak
Língua eyak
Eyak language
Keiyo (Elgeyo) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya.
Keiyo
Keiyo language
Ezaa
Uzekwe
The Fasu language of New Guinea is not closely related to other languages, but forms a possible branch of the Trans–New Guinea (TNG) family. Wurm and Hattori (1981) considered its three principal dialects, Fasu, Some, and Namumi, to be three languages, which they called the West Kutubuan family, but Ethnologue (2009) considers it a single language. It is not close to the two East Kutubuan languages.
Fasu
Fasu language
The Annobonese language, known to its speakers as Fá dAmbô or Fa dAmbu, is spoken by 2,500 in the Annobon and Bioko Islands off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, mostly by people of mixed African, Spanish, and Portuguese descent.
Annobonesische Sprache
Criollo annobonense
Fa D'ambu
Fá d'Ambô
Annobonese language
Wagi
The Krio Dayak or Keriu is a Kayan language of the Krio Dayak people in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Kereho
Krio Dayak language
The Fagani language is a member of the family of San Cristobal languages, and is spoken in the northwest part of the island of Makira, formerly known as San Cristobal in the Solomon Islands.
Fagani
Fagani language
Finongan
Fali is a moribund language of southern Taraba State, Nigeria. It had few speakers as of 1992. It is of uncertain affiliation within the Niger–Congo language family, clearly within the Benue–Congo languages but otherwise unclassified.
Baissa Fali
Fali language of Baissa
Fali, Baissa
Faiwol
Faita is a divergent and nearly extinct Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea. It was once placed in the now-defunct Brahman branch of Madang.
Faita
Faita language
Fang is a Bantoid language of Cameroon. It is traditionally classified as a Western Beboid language, but that has not been demonstrated to be a valid family.
Fang
Fang (Cameroon)
Fang language
South Fali
Fali, South
Fam is a Bantoid language of Nigeria, with a couple thousand speakers in Cameroon. It is either among or related to the Mambiloid languages.
Fam
Fam language
Fang is the dominant Bantu language of Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. It is related to the Bulu and Ewondo languages of southern Cameroon. Fang is spoken in northern Gabon, southern Cameroon, and throughout Equatorial Guinea. Shakira used this language in her song, "Waka Waka (This Time For Africa).".
fang
fangue
Fang (Equatorial Guinea)
Idioma fang
Língua fang
Pangwe-Sprache
Faroese
Färöisch
faroese
feroés
feroês
féroïen
Palor
Khengkha, also called the Kheng language, is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken in the Zhemgang, Trongsa and Mongar districts of south central Bhutan. There are about 40,000 speakers of Khengkha.
Khengkha
Kheng language
Fataleka
Persian (, ) is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence. The Persian language is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanid Persia, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Persian Empire in the Achaemenid era. Persian is a pluricentric language and its grammar is similar to that of many contemporary European languages.
Persan
Persian
Persisch
persa
persiano
Idioma persa
Lingua persiana
Língua persa
Persian language
Persische Sprache
persan
Fante (Mfantse, Fanti) is one of the three formal languages (literary dialects) of the Akan language. It is the major local language spoken in the Central and Western Regions of Ghana as well as in settlements in other regions from mid to southern Ghana. One of such communities is Fante New Town in Kumasi, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Fante is the common language of communication among the several Kingdoms of the Fante people, though each has its own (sub)dialect: Agona, Anomabo, Abura, Gomua, Oguaa, Ahanta. Many Fantes are bilingual. Notable speakers include Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, John Atta Mills, Maya Angelou, Roman Catholic Cardinal Peter Turkson, and Kofi Annan.
Fante
Fanti
fanti
Fante dialect
Fanti-Sprache
Língua fanti
Fayu, also known as Sehudate, is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia spoken by about 350 people.
Fayu
Fayu language
Fala ("Speech") is a Romance language commonly classified in the Portuguese-Galician subgroup, with some traits from Leonese, spoken in Spain by about 10,500 people, of whom 5,500 live in a valley of the northwestern part of Extremadura near the border with Portugal. The speakers of Fala live in the towns of Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi du Fresnu), Eljas (As Ellas) and San Martín de Trevejo (Sa Martín de Trebellu).
A Fala
Fala
Fala da Estremadura
Lingua fala
Fala language
The Davani dialect (Davani: devani; , UniPers: Davâni) is a southwestern Iranian language or southwestern dialect of Fars, spoken in the village of Davan, 12 kilometers north of Kazerun city in Southern Iran. The number of speakers was estimated around 1000 in 2004.
Davani dialect
Fars, Southwestern
Southwestern Fars
Northwestern Fars
Fars, Northwestern
West Albay Bikol
Bikol, West Albay
Quebec Sign Language, known in French as Langue des signes québécoise (LSQ), is a sign language used in Canada. Most LSQ users are located in Quebec, but a few are scattered in major cities in the rest of the country.
Langue des signes québécoise
Língua de Sinais Quebequiana
Quebec Sign Language
Feroge (Feroghe), endonym Kaligi, is a Ubangian language of South Sudan.
Feroge
Kaligi language
Quiavicuzas Zapotec
Zapotec, Quiavicuzas
Foia Foia
Kagoro
Maasina Fulfulde (or Maasinankoore in the language itself) is a Fula language spoken primarily as a first language by Fula people and associated groups in the Inner Niger Delta area traditionally known as Macina in the center of what is now the West African state of Mali. It is also spoken elsewhere in Mali, parts of Cote d'Ivoire and Northern Ghana.
Maasina Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Maasina
Fongoro is a minor Central Sudanic language of Chad and formerly of Sudan. It may be one of the Vale languages.
Fongoro
Fongoro language
Nobiin is a Northern Nubian language of the Nilo-Saharan phylum. ‘Nobiin’ is the genitive form of Nòòbíí ‘Nubian" and literally means ‘(language) of the Nubians". Another term used is Noban tamen, meaning ‘the Nubian language’.
Nobiin
Nobiin language
Fyer (also known as Fier) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Fyer
Fyer language
Fijian is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken in Fiji. It has 450,000 first-language speakers, which is less than half the population of Fiji, but another 200,000 speak it as a second language. The 1997 Constitution established Fijian as an official language of Fiji, along with English and Hindustani , and there is discussion about establishing it as the "national language", though English and Hindustani would remain official. Fijian is a VOS language. It has prepositions.
Fidschi
Fijian
fidjiano
fidjien
figiano
fijiano
Fidjien
Fidschianisch
Fijian language
Idioma fiyiano
Lingua figiana
Língua fidjiana
Filipino is a prestige register of the Tagalog language and the name under which Tagalog is designated the national language and one of two official languages of the Philippines, the other being English. Tagalog is the first language of a third of the population of the Philippines. It is centered around Manila but is known almost universally throughout the country.
Filipino
filipino
filippino
Filipino language
Idioma filipino
Lingua filippina
Língua filipina
Pilipino
Finnish (, or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% ) and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a Finnish dialect, are spoken. The Kven language, a Finnish dialect, is spoken in Northern Norway.
Finnisch
Finnish
Finnois
finlandese
finlandês
finés
Finnische Sprache
Finnish language
Idioma finés
Lingua finlandese
Língua finlandesa
finnois
Karahawyana is a language spoken by about 40 individuals near Waiwai, Amazonas, Brazil. Some Karahawyana speakers live with the Wai-Wai and others near the Hixkaryana and speak those languages respectively. It is nearly extinct.
Idioma karahawyana
Karahawyana
Karahawyana language
Fipa (Fipa: Ichifipa) is a Bantu language of Tanzania. It is spoken by the Fipa people, who live on the Ufipa plateau in the Rukwa Region of South West Tanzania between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa. The ethnic group of the Fipa people is larger than the group of Fipa language speakers. On the Tanzanian side, people who speak Mambwe-Lungu may identify as Fipa and consider their language to be a dialect of Fipa. Lungu and Mambwe are also spoken in Zambia where they are considered languages and their speakers are considered to be ethnic groups in their own right, although linguists consider Lungu and Mambwe to be dialects of a single language. There are three dialects: Milanzi (also referred to as IchiSukuuma), Kwa (Ichikwa) and Nkansi.
Fipa
Fipa language
Firan
Meänkieli (lit. "our language") is the name used in Sweden for Finnish dialects spoken in the northernmost parts of the country, around the valley of the Torne River.
Idioma meänkieli
Língua meänkieli
Meänkieli
Finnish, Tornedalen
Tornedalen Finnish
Fiwaga (Fimaga, Fiwage) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Fiwaga
Fiwaga language
Kirya-Konzəl is a recently documented Chadic language of Nigeria, though it was first attested in 1931. The varieties, Fali of Kirya (Kirya) and Fali of Mijilu (Konzəl), are very close.
Kirya-Konzəl
Kirya-Konzəl language
The Kven language is a Finnic language spoken in northern Norway by the Kven people. For political and historical reasons, it received the status of a minority language in 2005 within the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Linguistically, however, it is seen as a mutually intelligible dialect of the Finnish language, and grouped together with the Peräpohjola dialects such as Meänkieli, spoken in Torne Valley in Sweden.
Idioma kven
Kven
Kven Finnish
Kvenische Sprache
Kvène
Finnish, Kven
Kven language
Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille
Foau or Doa is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
Foau
Foau language
Fali, or Fali of Mubi after the local city, is an Afro-Asiatic dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Mubi and Michika LGAs. It is one of several languages in the area that go by the generic name Fali.
Fali
Fali languages
North Fali
Fali, North
The Flinders Island language, Yalgawarra, is an extinct language of Australia. It is not close to any other.
Flinders Island
Yalgawarra language
The Furiiru language is the language spoken by the Fuliiru (plural Bafuliiru) people, also known as the Fuliru or Fulero, who live north and west of the town of Uvira in Uvira Territory, South Kivu province in the far eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They numbered an estimated 300,000 in 1999.
Bafuliru
Fuliiru
Furiiru language
Kenyan Sign Language (English: KSL, Swahili: LAK) is the language of the Deaf community in Kenya, used throughout the country by over half the country's estimated Deaf population of 600,000.
Kenyan Sign Language
Língua Gestual Queniana
Tsotsitaal
Fefe or Feefee, also known as Nufi and Bafang, is a Southern Bantoid language spoken in Cameroon, around the town of Bafang.
Fe'fe'
Nufi
Fe'fe' language
Far Western Muria
Muria, Far Western
Fanagalo Fanakalo is a pidgin (simplified language) based primarily on Zulu, with English and a small Afrikaans input. It is used as a lingua franca, mainly in the gold, diamond, coal and copper mining industries in South Africa and to a lesser extent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although it is used as a second language only, the number of speakers was estimated as "several hundred thousand" in 1975. As with India, once the British went, English became the lingua franca enabling different tribes in the same country to communicate with each other, and Fanagalo use declined.
Fanagalo
Fanakalo
Língua fanagalo
Fania
Foodo is a Guang language spoken by 25,000 in Benin, with a thousand in Ghana, where they originated.
Foodo
Foodo language
Foi (Foe) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Ifigi, Kafa, Kutubu, Mubi.
Foi
Foi language
Foma
Fon
Fon-Sprache
fom
fon
Fore (Foré) is a Papuan language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Fore
Fore language
Siraya is a Formosan language spoken until the end of the 19th century by the indigenous Siraya people of Taiwan. Dialects of Siraya included Taivoa and Makatao.
Lingua Siraya
Siraya
Siraya language
Kajali
Fernando Po Creole English
Creole English, Fernando Po
Fas ( Momu, Bembi) is the eponymous language of the small Fas language family of Papua New Guinea.
Fas
Fas language
French ( or ) is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the province of Quebec and the Acadia region in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts of the world, the largest numbers of which reside in Francophone Africa. In Africa, French is most commonly spoken in Gabon (where 80% report fluency) and 110 million native speakers and 190 million second language speakers. French is the second-most studied foreign language in the world, after English.
Französisch
French
francese
francés
francês
français
Französische Sprache
Français
French language
Idioma francés
Lingua francese
Língua francesa
Cajun French (sometimes called Louisiana Regional French , Tulane University.) is a variety or dialects of the French language spoken primarily in Louisiana, specifically in the southern and southwestern parishes.
Cajun
Cajun French
Francese cajun
Francés cajún
Français cadien
French, Cajun
Fordata
:Not to be confused with Old French. Old Frankish is an extinct West Germanic language, once spoken by the Franks. It is the parent language of all Low Franconian languages, of which Dutch is the best known. Frankish was spoken in areas covering modern Low Countries and adjacent parts of France and Germany between the 4th and 8th century AD.
Altfränkisch
Francique
Frankish
Frâncico
Old Frankish
Middle French is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from (roughly) 1340 to 1611. It is a period of transition during which: * the French language becomes clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (ancien français) * the French language is imposed as the official language of the kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages * the literary development of French prepares the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Francese medio
Francés medio
Middle French
Mittelfranzösisch
Moyen français
francês médio
French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600)
French, Middle (ca.1400-1600)
Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)
Mittelfranzösische Sprache
francese medio
francés medieval
francês medieval
français moyen (1400-1600)
moyen français
Kaco'
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; Modern French ) was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories that span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from the 9th century to the 14th century. It was then known as the langue doïl (oïl language) to distinguish it from the langue doc (Occitan language, also then called Provençal), whose territory bordered that of Old French to the south. The Norman dialect was also spread to England, Ireland, the Kingdom of Sicily and the Principality of Antioch in the Levant.
Altfranzösisch
Francês antigo
Old French
ancien français
francese antico
francés antiguo
Altfranzösische Sprache
Ancien français
Antico francese
Francés antiguo
French, Old (842-ca. 1400)
French, Old (842-ca.1400)
Old French (842-ca. 1400)
francês arcaico
français ancien (842-ca.1400)
Arpitan
Francoprovençal
Forak
North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. The language is part of the larger group of the West Germanic Frisian languages.
Nordfriesisch
Northern Frisian
frison du Nord
frisone settentrionale
frisón septentrional
frísio setentrional
Dialetto frisone settentrionale
Frisian, Northern
Frison septentrional
Nordfriesische Sprache
North Frisian language
frison septentrional
East Frisian Low Saxon is a West Low German dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. It is used quite frequently in everyday speech there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses Platdüütsk. A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease.
Eastern Frisian
Ostfriesisch
frison oriental
frisone orientale
frisón oriental
frísio oriental
East Frisian Low Saxon
Frisian, Eastern
Ostfriesisches Platt
frisão oriental
The Kiai language is a vernacular of a native people in the highlands of the central Espiritu Santo Island, Sanma Province, Republic of Vanuatu.
Fortsenal
Idioma de kiai
Kiai language
West Frisian (Frysk, []) is a language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. West Frisian is the name by which this language is usually known outside the Netherlands, to distinguish it from the closely related Frisian languages of Saterland Frisian and North Frisian, which are spoken in Germany. Within the Netherlands however, the West Frisian language is the language of the province of Friesland and is almost always called simply "Frisian": Fries in Dutch, and Frysk in Frisian; Westfries (literally: West Frisian) is the Dutch name of the West Frisian dialect of the Dutch language, spoken in West Friesland, a region in the province of North Holland.
Western Frisian
Westfriesisch
frison
frisone occidentale
frisón occidental
frísio ocidental
Dialetto frisone occidentale
Frisian, Western
Frison occidental
West Frisian language
Westfriesische Sprache
frison occidental
frísico ocidental
Mainstream Kenyah
Finnish Sign Language (suomalainen viittomakieli in Finnish) is the sign language most commonly used in Finland. There are 5000 (estimate) Finnish deaf who have Finnish Sign Language as a mother tongue. Linguistically Finnish Sign Language is closest to Swedish Sign Language, from which it began to separate as an independent language in the middle of the 19th century.
Finnish Sign Language
Lingua dei segni finlandese
Língua de sinais finlandesa
French Sign Language (langue des signes française or LSF) is the sign language of the deaf in the nation of France. According to Ethnologue, it has 50,000 to 100,000 native signers.
French Sign Language
Langue des signes française
Lengua de señas francesa
Língua francesa de sinais
finlandssvenskt teckenspråk
Finland-Swedish Sign Language
suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli
Adamawa Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Adamawa
Pulaar is a Fula language spoken primarily as a first language by Fula people and Tukolor (or Toorobe) in the Senegal River valley area traditionally known as Futa Tooro, and further south and east. Pulaar speakers, known as Haalpulaar'en live in Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and western Mali.
Lingua pulaar
Pulaar
Pulaar language
Futunan or Futunian is the Polynesian language spoken on Futuna (and Alofi). The term East-Futunan is also used to distinguish it from the related West-Futunan (Futuna-Aniwan) spoken on the outlier islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu.
East Futuna
Futunien
Futunische Sprache
Lingua futuniana
Futuna, East
Futunan language
Borgu Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Borgu
Kayan River Kayan
Kayan, Kayan River
Pular is a Fula language spoken primarily by Fula people in the Fouta Jalon area in Guinea. It is also spoken in parts of Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Senegal. There are a small number of speakers in Mali. Pular is spoken by 2.5 million Guineans, about 28% of the national population. This makes Pular the most widely spoken indigenous language in the country. Substantial numbers of Pular speakers have migrated to other countries in West Africa, notably Senegal.
Pular
Pular language
Western Niger Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Western Niger
Bagirmi Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Bagirmi
The Fungor language, Ko (Kau) or Nyaro, is a Niger–Congo language of the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Fungor language
The Fula or Fulani language ( ; ) is a language of West Africa. Like the neighbouring languages Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people (Fula or Fulani people) and related groups (such as the Tukulor in the Senegal River Valley) from Senegambia and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan. It is also spoken as a second language by peoples in various areas of the region.
Ful
Fulah
fula
fulah
peul
Fula language
Fulfulde
Idioma fula
Lingua fula
Língua fula
Peul
Fum
Fulniô, or Yatê, is a language isolate of Brazil, and the only indigenous language remaining in the northeastern part of that country. The two dialects, Fulniô and Yatê, are very close. The Fulniô dialect is used primarily during a three-month religious retreat.
Fulniô
Idioma fulniô-yatê
Fulniô language
Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Central-Eastern Niger
Kiorr
Friulan ( or affectionately marilenghe in Friulan, friulano in Italian) (also Eastern Ladin), is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulan has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian. It is sometimes called Eastern Ladin, since it shares the same roots as Ladin, although over the centuries it has diverged under the influence of surrounding languages, including German, Italian, Venetian, and Slovene. Documents in Friulan are attested from the 11th century, and poetry and literature dating as far back as 1300. By the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in the language, which has continued to this day.
Friulian
Friulisch
frioulan
friulano
Frioulan
Friulan language
Furlanische Sprache
Idioma friulano
Lingua friulana
Língua friulana
Futuna-Aniwa is the Polynesian language spoken on the outlier islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu. It is also occasionally called West-Futunan to distinguish it from East-Futunan spoken on Futuna and Alofi in Wallis and Futuna.
Futuna-Aniwa
Futuna-aniwa
Futuna-Aniwa language
Furu is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ethnologue has it as one of the Kara languages, but Blench (2000) lists it as a Kresh language.
Furu
Furu language
Nigerian Fulfulde
Fulfulde, Nigerian
Fuyug (Fuyuge, Fuyughe, Mafufu) is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Fuyug
Fuyug language
Fur
Tlacolulita Zapotec
Zapotec, Tlacolulita
Fwâi
Kabatei
Fwe, or Chifwe, is a Bantu language spoken by 10,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia. It is closely related to Kuhane, and is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants.
Fwe
Fwe language
The Ga language is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, in and around the capital Accra. It has a phonemic distinction between 3 vowel lengths.
Ga language
Ga-Sprache
Lingua ga
Gabri, sometimes disambiguated from related languages also called "Gabri" as Southern Gabri, is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region of Chad.
Gabri
Gabri language
Mixed Great Andamanese
Great Andamanese, Mixed
The Gaddang language (also Gaddang or Cagayan) is spoken by up to 30,000 speakers (the Gaddang people) in the Philippines, in the northeastern provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela and by overseas immigrants in countries located Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, in the Middle East, UK and the U.S.A.. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon. Gaddang is derived from . It is closely related to Ibanag, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
Gaddang
Gaddang language
Guarequena (Warekena) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and Venezuela. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré.
Guarequena
Warekena language
Gende (Gendeka, Gene; also Bundi) is a Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Gende
Gende language
Koroni
The Gagauz language (Gagauz dili) is a Turkic language spoken by the Gagauz people and the official language of the autonomous Moldovan region of Gagauzia. Gagauz has two dialects: Bulgar Gagauzi and Maritime Gagauzi. It should be noted that Gagauz is classified as a distinctly different language than Balkan Gagauz Turkish.
Gagaouze
Gagausische Sprache
Gagauz
Idioma gagauzo
Lingua gagauza
Língua gagaúza
Gagauz language
Alekano, or Gahuku (Gahuku-Gama), is a Papuan language spoken in the northern district of Goroka Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. There are about 25,000 speakers.
Alekano
Alekano language
Mbore (Borei, Mborei) Gamei (Gamai) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Borei
Mbore language
Gadsup is a Kainantu language spoken by the people of the same name in Papua New Guinea.
Gadsup
Gadsup language
Gamkorona is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia.
Gamkonora
Gamkorona language
Galoli (also known as Galole) is an ethnic group in East Timor with a population of about 50,000, primarily along the northern coast of the district of Manatuto. To the west lies the Mambai ethnic group. There is an old colony on the southern coast of Wetar island, the Talo, who speak a mutually intelligible language.
Galoli
Língua galóli
Galolen
Galoli language
Kandawo
Xakriabá (also written Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba) is an extinct Ge language formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese.
Xakriabá
Xakriabá language
Gàn (; Gan: Gon ua), alternatively Jiangxinese ( Jiāngxī huà; Gan: Kongsi ua) is spoken as the native language by around 50 million people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as important population in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Fujian. Gan is a member of the Sinitic languages of the Sino-Tibetan language family and Hakka is the closest language to Gan in terms of phonetics.
Chino gan
Chinês gan
Gan
Gan Chinese
Lingua gan
Chinese, Gan
Gan language
Gants
Gal
The Gataq language, also known as is a language spoken by the Didayi people of India.
Gata'
Gataq language
Galeya
Adiwasi Garasia
Garasia, Adiwasi
Kenati is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by only about 950 people (as of 1990) in Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Aziana, Ganati, Kenathi. Specifically, it is spoken in 3 villages located in the Eastern Highlands Province, Wonenara District of Papua New Guinea.
Kenati
Kenati language
Mudhili Gadaba
Gadaba, Mudhili
Nobonob (Nobanob, Nobnob), also known as Butelkud-Guntabak or Garuh, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The language expanding slightly. Ari (Ati, A’i) is a dialect.
Nobonob
Nobonob language
Borana is a variety of Oromo spoken in Southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya by the Borana people. Günther Schlee also notes that it is the native language of a number of related peoples, such as the Sakuye.
Borana
Borana language
Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo
Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji
Gayo Language is the spoken language of about 180,000 people (1989) in the mountain region of North Sumatra around Takengon, Gayo Lues, Bener Meriah, Southeast Aceh, Genteng, and Lokop. It is classified as belonging to the Western Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages, but is not closely related to other languages.
Gayo
gayo
Gayo language
Kumbewaha
West Central Oromo
Oromo, West Central
Gbaya
Gbaya-Sprache
gbaia
gbaya
Gbaya (Central African Republic)
Kaytetye
Garadjari (many other spellings; see below) is an Australian Aboriginal language.
Karadjeri
Garadjari language
Niksek
Gaikundi
Gbanziri
Kantosi
Defi Gbe
Gbe, Defi
Galela is the most populous Papuan language spoken west of New Guinea, with some 80,000 speakers, or 95,000 if Loloda (85% intelligibility) is counted as a dialect. Other dialects are Kadai (41,000), Morotai (24,000), Kadina (10,000), and Sopi (4,000).
Galela
Galela language
The Gutob or Bodo Gadaba language is a Munda language of India, with the greatest concentrations of speakers being found in Koraput district of Orissa and Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. It is also known simply as the Gadaba language, but it is different from the Dravidian Gadaba language. Other names for the Bodo Gadaba language include Gadba, Gutop, Gudwa, Godwa, Gadwa, and Boi Gadaba.
Bodo Gadaba
Língua gadaba
Gadaba, Bodo
Gutob language
Gaddi
Gamit
The Garhwali language is a Central Pahari language belonging to the Northern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. It is primarily spoken by the Garhwali people who are from the north-western Garhwal Division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.
Garhwali
Garhwali language
Mo'da
Kaamba
Northern Grebo
Grebo, Northern
Gbaya-Bossangoa
Gbaya-Bozoum
Gbagyi
Gbesi Gbe
Gbe, Gbesi
Gaagudju (also spelt Gagadu, Gaguju, and Kakadu) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Arnhem Land, northern Australia, in the environs of Kakadu National Park. Its last speaker, Big Bill Neidjie, died on 23 May 2002. Classification Gaagudju has traditionally been classified with the Gunwinyguan languages. However, in 1997 Nicholas Evans proposed an Arnhem Land family that includes Gaagudju.
Gaagudju
Gagadu
Kakadu
Gaagudju language
Gbanu (Banu, Gbanou) is a Gbaya language of the Central African Republic. The people do not consider themselves to be Gbaya, and it is not clear how distinct Gbanu is from the Gbaya language (or languages).
Gbanu
Gbanu language
SheKgalagari (pronounced or ) is one of the languages spoken in Botswana, along the South African border and in Namibia. SheKgalagari is spoken by about people. SheKgalagari is the autoglottonym or name of the language used by its native speakers as defined by the United Nations, Kgalagadi is the heteroglottonym.
Kgalagadi
Kgalagadi language
Gabi-Gabi
Eastern Xwla Gbe
Gbe, Eastern Xwla
Gbari
Dari is a Northwestern Iranian ethnolect spoken as a first language by an estimated 8,000 to 15,000 Zoroastrians in and around the cities of Yazd and Kerman in central Iran. The ethnolect is often overlooked by linguists because the region is predominantly Muslim and because Dari is primarily spoken (rarely written).
Dari
Dari, Zoroastrian
Zoroastrian Dari
Mali or Gaktai is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Mali
Mali language
Ganggalida
Galice
Guadeloupean Creole French
Creole French, Guadeloupean
Grenadian Creole, is a term that may refer to either Grenadian Creole English or Grenadian Creole French.
Grenadian Creole
Creole English, Grenadian
Grenadian Creole English
Gaina
French Guiana Creole is a French-lexified creole language spoken in French Guiana, and to a lesser degree, in Suriname and Guyana. It resembles Antillean Creole, but there are some lexical and grammatical differences between them. Antilleans can generally understand French Guiana Creole, though the notable differences between the créole of French Guiana and the créoles of the Caribbean may cause some instances of confusion. The diffences consist of more French and Brazilian Portuguese influences (due to the proximity of Brazil and Portuguese presence in the country for several years.) There are also words of Amerindian and African origin. There are Guianese communities in Suriname and Guyana who continue to speak French Guiana Creole.
Créole guyanais
French Guiana Creole
Creole French, Guianese
Guianese Creole French
Kembra
Kembra language
Alemán Coloniero, spoken in Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, is a dialect that belongs to the Low Alemannic branch of German.
Alemán Coloniero
Alemán coloniero
Colonia Tovar German
Colonia Tovar dialect
German, Colonia Tovar
Gade Lohar
Lohar, Gade
Pottangi Ollar Gadaba
Gadaba, Pottangi Ollar
Gugu Badhun
Gedaged is an Austronesian language spoken by about 7000 people in coastal villages and on islands in Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Gedaged
Gedaged language
Gude is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in Mubi LGA and in Borno State in Askira-Uba LGA. It is also spoken in neighboring Cameroon. Different dialects are spoken in Nigeria and Cameroon.
Gude
Gude language
Guduf-Gava (also known as Gudupe, Afkabiye) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria.
Guduf-Gava
Guduf-Gava language
Ga'dang
Ga'dang language
Gajirrabeng (also spelt Gadjerawang, Gajirrawoong, Gadjerong, Gadyerong and Kajirrawung) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Kimberley region, today known by only three or four fluent speakers.
Gadjerawang
Gajirrabeng language
Lachixío Zapotec
Zapotec, Lachixío
Gundi
Karore is an Austronesian language spoken by about 550 individuals between the Andru and Johanna Rivers in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Karore
Karore language
Gurdjar
Gadang is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwestern Chad.
Gadang
Gadang language
Dirasha (also known as Ghidole, Diraasha, Dirayta, Gidole, Gardulla, Dhirasha) is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. It is spoken in Ethiopia in the Omo Region, in the hills west of Lake Chamo, around Gidole town. A number of speakers also use Oromo or Komso. According to Wondwosen, the "Dirasha" is the name of the people, and the name of the language is given variously as "Dirashitata, Dirayta and Diraytata" (2006:3,4).
Dirasha
Dirasha language
Laal is an unclassified language spoken by 749 people in three villages in the Moyen-Chari prefecture of Chad on opposite banks of the Chari River, called Gori (lá), Damtar (ɓual), and Mailao. It may be a language isolate, in which case it would represent an isolated survival of an earlier language group of central Africa. It is unwritten (except in transcription by linguists). According to SIL-Chad member David Faris, it is in danger of extinction, with most people under 25 shifting to the locally more widespread Baguirmi language.
Laal
Laal language
Umanakaina
Godoberi (also spelled Ghodoberi) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Godoberi in southwestern Dagestan, Russia. It is spoken by approximately 3,000 people.
Ghodoberi
Godoberi
Lingua godoberi
Língua godoberi
Godoberi language
:Not to be confused with Meheri tribes
Mehri
Méhri
Mehri language
Wipii, or Gidra (also Jibu, Oriomo) is a Papuan language of New Guinea.
Wipi
Wipi language
Ghandruk Sign Language is an indigenous sign language of the village of Ghandruk in central Nepal.
Ghandruk Sign Language
Kungardutyi
Gudu (also known as Gudo, Gutu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Song LGA. Kumbi is a dialect.
Gudu
Gudu language
Uma' Lasan
Godwari is a dialect of Marwari spoken in Godwar.
Godwari
Geruma (also known as Gerema, Germa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Dialects include Duurum and Sum. Speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Geruma
Geruma language
Kire (Giri) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Kire
Kire language
Gboloo Grebo
Grebo, Gboloo
Gade
Gengle
Hutterite German (Hutterisch) is an Upper German dialect of the Austro-Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities in Canada and the United States. Hutterite is also called Tirolean or Low German, but these are anachronisms.
Hutterisch
Hutterische Sprache
German, Hutterite
Hutterite German
The Kurtöp language (Dzongkha: ཀུར་ཏོ་པ་ཁ་; Wylie: Kur-to-pa kha; Kurtöpkha, also called Kurtö and Zhâke) is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken in the Kurtoe Gewog, Lhuntse District, Bhutan. There are about 10,000 speakers of Kurtöp.
Kurtokha
Kurtöp language
Gebe
Gen (also called , , Gebe, Guin, Mina, Mina-Gen, and Popo) is a Gbe language spoken in the southeast of Togo in the Maritime Region. It is also spoken in the Mono Department of Benin. It is part of the Volta–Niger branch of the major African Niger–Congo language family. Like the other Gbe languages, Gen is a tonal language.
Gen
Lingua gen
Língua gen
Gen language
Yiwom Gerka is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Yiwom
Yiwom language
ut-Ma’in or Fakai is a dialect continuum spoken by 36,000 people in the Fakai district of Nigeria. There are numerous rather divergent dialects: *Kag (Puku, Fakanchi, Et-Kag) *Jiir (Gelanchi, Et-Jiir) *Kur (Kere, Kar, Keri-Ni, Kelli-Ni, Kelanchi, Kelinci) *Zuksun (Zussun, Et-Zuksun) *Ror (Et-Maror, Tudanchi, Er-Gwar) *Fer (Fere, Et-Fer, Wipsi-Ni, Kukum) *Us (Et-Us) *Koor (Kulu)
Ut-Ma'in
ut-Ma'in
Ut-Ma'in language
ut-Ma'in language
Geme is a Ubangian language spoken in two small villages of the Central African Republic.
Geme
Geme language
Geser-Gorom
Gera (also known as Gerawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Gera
Gera language
Garre (also known as Af-Garre) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southern Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia by the Garre people.
Garre
Garre language
Enya is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Enya
Enya language
Geez (ግዕዝ, ; also transliterated Giiz, and less precisely called Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic language that originated in southern Arabia (modern Yemen) and was further developed in the northern region of Ethiopia and southern Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It later became the official language of the Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian imperial court.
Ge'ez
Geez
geez
Ge'ez language
Ge’ez
Lingua ge'ez
Língua ge'ez
guèze
Patpatar is an Austronesian language spoken in New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea.
Patpatar
Patpatar language
Kamula is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Kamula
Kamula language
The Gafat language is an extinct Semitic language that was once spoken along the Abbay River in Ethiopia. The records of this language are extremely sparse. There is a translation of the Song of Songs written in the 17th or 18th Century held at the Bodleian Library. Charles Beke collected a word list in the early 1840s with difficulty from the few who knew the language, having found that "the rising generation seem to be altogether ignorant of it; and those grown-up persons who profess to speak it are anything but familiar with it." The most recent accounts of this language are the reports of Wolf Leslau, who visited the region in 1947 and after considerable work was able to find a total of four people who could still speak the language. Edward Ullendorff, in his brief exposition on Gafat, concludes that as of the time of his writing, "one may ...
Gafat
Gafat language
Mangetti Dune !Xung
!Xung, Mangetti Dune
Gao
The Gbii language, also known as Gbee or Gbi-Dowlu, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken in northern Liberia, primarily in Nimba County. Its dialects include Dorbor and Kplor. It has a lexical similarity of 0.78 with the Bassa language, and so might be considered a Bassa dialect.
Gbii
Gbii language
Gugadj
Guragone, also spelled Gorogone, Gun-Guragone, Gunagoragone, Gungorogone, Gurrgoni, Gurrogone, Gutjertabia, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Arnhem Land. There were about 20 speakers in 1991, all bilingual in Burarra or Gunwinggu.
Guragone
Guragone language
Gurgula
Kungarakany (Gunerakan, Gungaragan, Gungarakanj, Kangarraga, Kungarakan) is an Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory.
Kungarakany
Kungarakany language
Ganglau
Gugu Mini
Eastern Gurung
Gurung, Eastern
Loup B
Southern Gondi
Gondi, Southern
Aghu Tharrnggala (or Aghu Tharnggalu) is an extinct Paman language variety formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The name may also be used to refer to a language consisting of the Aghu Tharrngala dialect and several other related varieties. It is closely related to the other Kuku-Mini languages, and it is unknown when it went extinct.
Aghu Tharnggalu
Aghu Tharrnggala language
Gitua
Gagu (Gagou), or Gban, is a Mande language of Ivory Coast. Dialects are N’da, Bokwa, Bokabo, Tuka.
Gban
Gagu
Gagu language
Gogodala is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Its closest relative is the Ari language.
Gogodala
Gogodala language
Ghadamès is a language spoken mainly by some Libyan Berbers. It is spoken in Ghadames, a small oasis town near the Libyan border with Algeria and Tunisia. It is spoken by 2,000 people in Libya, and 2,000 elsewhere. It has two dialects, Ayt Waziten and Elt Ulid.
Ghadamès
Ghadamès language
Classical Gaelic (; Irish: Gaeilge Chlasaiceach) is the term used in Scotland for the shared literary form that was in use in Scotland and Ireland 13th to the 18th century. The language is that of Early Modern Irish (also known as Classical Irish but not to be confused with Classical Old Irish). Although the first written signs of Scottish Gaelic having diverged from Early Modern Irish appear as far back as the 12th century annotations of the Book of Deer, Scottish Gaelic did not appear in writing or print on a significant scale until the 1767 translation of the New Testament into Scottish Gaelic.
Classical Gaelic
Gaelic, Hiberno-Scottish
Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic
Lycian language (Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 Trm̃mili ) refers to the inscriptional language of ancient Lycia, populated by Lycians, as well as its presumed spoken counterpart.
Idioma licio
Lycian
Lykische Sprache
Lingua licia
Lycien
Lycian language
Southern Ghale
Ghale, Southern
Northern Ghale
Ghale, Northern
Geko Karen
Karen, Geko
Ghulfan
Ghanongga is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,500 people on Ranongga Island, Solomon Islands.
Ghanongga
Ghanongga language
The language of the Ghomara is a Northern Berber language spoken by at least 10,000 people in Morocco near Tetouan and Chaouen. While included in the Zenati subgroup by some sources (such as the Ethnologue), it is probably more closely related to southern Moroccan languages, such as Central Atlas Tamazight and Shilha. Ghomara Berber is spoken on the western edge of the Rif in Morocco. Contrary to the Ethnologue, it is not extinct; Peter Behnstedt reports that it is spoken in at least the douar of Amtiqan and its immediate neighborhood, just west of Oued Ouringa. However, it is spoken by only a small minority of the Ghomara; even in 1931, according to Carleton Coon, only one of their eight tribes, the Beni Bu Zra, continued to speak it. It is relatively similar to the so-called Senhadja de Srair Berber varieties, spoken around Ketama, but s probably difficult to understand for a speaker of the mainstream dialects of Riff.
Ghomara
Ghomara language
Ghera
Guhu-Samane, also known as Bia, Mid-Waria, Muri, Paiawa, Tahari, is a divergent Trans–New Guinea language that was related to the Binanderean family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Guhu-Samane
Guhu-Samane language
Kuke
Ghale, Kutang
Kutang Ghale
Kija is an Australian Aboriginal language today spoken by about 100 people, most of whom live in the region from Halls Creek to Kununurra in Western Australia.
Kitja
Kija language
Gibanawa
Gayle, or Gail, is an English and Afrikaans-based gay argot or cant slang used primarily by English and Afrikaans-speaking homosexual men in urban communities of South Africa, and is similar in some respects to Polari in the United Kingdom, from which some lexical items have been borrowed. The equivalent language used by homosexual South African men who speak Bantu languages is called IsiNgqumo, and is based on a Nguni lexicon.
Gail
Língua gail
Gayle language
Gidar is a divergent Biu–Mandara (Chadic) language of Cameroon and Chad.
Gidar
Gidar language
Goaria is a Marwari Rajasthani language spoken by some 25,000 people in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The people are predominantly Hindu, and use the Hindi language for worship.
Goaria
Lingua goaria
Goaria language
Githabul
Gilbertese or Kiribati (or sometimes Kiribatese) is a language from the Austronesian family, part of the Oceanian branch and of the Nuclear Micronesian subbranch. It has a basic verb–object–subject word order.
Gilbertese
Gilbertesisch
Gilbertês
gilbertese
gilbertés
kiribati
Gilbertese language
Gilbertesische Sprache
Gilbertin
Idioma gilbertés
Lingua gilbertese
gilbertais
gilbertês
Lydian was an Indo-European language spoken in the region of Lydia in western Anatolia (present-day Turkey). It belongs to the Anatolian group of the Indo-European language family.
Lydian
Lydische Sprache
Idioma lidio
Lingua lidia
Lydien
Lydian language
Gimi (Labogai) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Gimi
Gimi (Eastern Highlands)
Gimi language
The Hinukh language (Hinukh: гьинузас мец hinuzas mec, also known as Hinux, Ginukh, or Ginux) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Tsezic subgroup. It is spoken by about 200 to 500 people, the Hinukhs, in the Tsunta district of southwestern Dagestan, mainly in the village of Genukh (Hinukh: Hino). Hinukh is very closely related to Tsez, but they are not entirely mutually intelligible.
Hinuchische Sprache
Hinukh
Hinukh language
Gimi (West New Britain)
Green Gelao
Gelao, Green
Red Gelao
Gelao, Red
North Giziga is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
North Giziga
Giziga, North
North Giziga language
Gitxsan (or Gitxsanimaax, Gitksan, Giatikshan, Gityskyan, Giklsan) is a First Nations language of northwestern British Columbia. It is a Tsimshianic language, closely related to the neighboring Nisga’a language. The two groups are, however, politically separate and prefer to refer to Gitxsan and Nisga'a as distinct languages. Gitxsanimaax is an endangered language, currently estimated to have no more than 1,000 speakers, of whom the great majority are elders. Few if any children grow up speaking it at home.
Gitksan
Gitxsan
Gitxsan language
Mulao
White Gelao
Gelao, White
Gilima
Giyug
South Giziga is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Mi Mijivin, Muturami, and Rum.
South Giziga
Giziga, South
South Giziga language
Geji (Gezawa) is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria.
Geji
Geji language
Kachi Koli
Koli, Kachi
Gunditjmara
The Gonja language is a Kwa language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.
Gonja
Gonja language
The Lemnian language is a language of the 6th century BC spoken on the island of Lemnos. It is mainly attested by an inscription found on a funerary stele, termed the Lemnos stele, discovered in 1885 near Kaminia. However, fragments of inscriptions on local pottery show that it was spoken there by a community. In 2009, a newly discovered inscription from Efestia was reported. Lemnian is accepted as being closely related to Etruscan. After the Athenians conquered the island in the latter half of that century, Lemnian was replaced by Attic Greek.
Lemnische Sprache
Idioma lemnio
Langue de Lemnos
Lemnian
Lingua lemnia
Língua lêmnia
Lemnian language
Gojri, also known as Gujari is a variety of Rajasthani spoken by the Gujjars of Northern-Pakistan, India and Afghanistan. Rajasthani, Marwari and Gujarati are evolved from Gujari. The language was known as Gujjar bhakha or Gurjar Apabhramsha lately. It was used as literary language as early as 12th century. The poet Bhoja referred to Gaurjar Apabhramsha (Gurjar Apabhramsha) in 1014 AD.
Gujari
Gujari language
Guya
Ndai
Gokana (Gòkánà) is an Ogoni language spoken by some 130,000 people in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Gokana
Gokana language
Kok-Nar
Guinea Kpelle
Kpelle, Guinea
Canadian Gaelic or Cape Breton Gaelic , locally just Gaelic or The Gaelic, refers to the dialects of Scottish Gaelic that have been spoken continuously for more than 200 years on Cape Breton Island and in isolated enclaves on the Nova Scotia mainland. To a lesser extent the language is also spoken on nearby Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Glengarry County in present-day Ontario and by emigrant Gaels living in major Canadian cities such as Toronto. At its peak in the mid-19th century, Gaelic, considered together with the closely related Irish language, was the third most spoken language in Canada after English and French. The language has sharply declined since that period, however, and is now nearly extinct. Recently, efforts have been made to revitalise the language.
Gaelic
Schottisches Gälisch
gaelico scozzese
gaélico escocés
gaélico escocês
gaélique
Canadian Gaelic
Gaelic, Scottish
Gaélique canadien
Kanadisch-Gälische Sprache
Lingua gaelica canadese
Scottish Gaelic
gaélique écossais
Bon Gula
The Nanai language (also called Gold language or Hezhen language) is spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia, and to a much smaller extent in China's Heilongjiang province, where it is known as Hezhe. The language has about 3,902 speakers out of 12,160 members of the ethnicity, but most of them (especially younger generations) are also fluent in Russian or Chinese (depending on the country where they live), and mostly use one of those languages for communication.
Nanai
Nanaï
Nanai language
Irish , also known as Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is now spoken as a first language by a small minority of Irish people, as well as being a second language of a larger proportion of the population. Irish enjoys constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland. It is an official language of the European Union and an officially recognised minority language in Northern Ireland.
Irisch
Irish
Irlandais
irlandese
irlandés
irlandês
Idioma irlandés
Irische Sprache
Irish language
Lingua irlandese
Língua irlandesa
irlandais
Galician (, ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.
Galician
Galicien
Galizisch
galego
galiziano
gallego
Galician language
Galicische Sprache
Idioma gallego
Lingua gallega
Língua galega
galicien
Northwest Pashayi
Pashayi, Northwest
Guliguli is an extinct language that was allegedly once spoken on the western slopes of Mt Vinaroni, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. The linguist Karen Davis is skeptical that Guliguli ever existed, since the word guliguli has an obscene meaning in the neighboring Hoava language, and there is no memory among Hoava speakers of a neighboring language with that name. Guliguli was probably either a dialect of the extinct Kazukuru language, or a naive transcription of (the main dialect of) Kazukuru, or even a hoax.
Guliguli
Idioma guliguli
Guliguli language
The Gula Iro language (autonym kùláál) is a Bua language spoken by some 3,500 people (as of 1991) north and east of Lake Iro in southern Chad, between the Bola and Salamat rivers. It has four dialects, according to Pairault: *páṭóól, the northernmost and the least comprehensible to speakers of the other dialects, spoken in and around Badi; *pòŋààl, by the north shore of the lake, spoken in and around Boum Kabir, Boum Sarher, and Tordjigel; *tɩ́ààlà, spoken east and south of the lake, including Kouré, Bouni, Tormorhal, and Masidjanga; *tííṭààl, the easternmost, spoken in various villages west of Tamba;
Gula Iro
Gula Iro language
The Gilaki language is a Caspian language, and a member of the northwestern Iranian language branch, spoken in Iran's Gīlān Province.
Gilaki
Gileki
Lingua gilaki
Gilaki language
Mixtepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Mixtepec
Garlali
The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures. Very little is known about this language (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been, in the 1st millennium BCE, Indo-European; it appears to have shared many features with other Indo-European languages, primarily Celtic (Gaulish) and Italic (Latin and the Osco-Umbrian languages). For examples of the Corsican toponymy cited by Jubainville, see Prehistory of Corsica. In Jubainville's view, two languages mentioned by classical authors were survivals from prehistory: Ligurian and Iberian. This choice of languages relies on Seneca the Younger, who spent eight years in exile on Corsica starting in 41 AD and expressed the opinion that the coastal Corsicans were Ligurian but the inlanders were of Iberian extraction, most like the Cantabri.
Antiguo idioma ligur
Ligure ancien
Ligurian
Ligurische Sprache
Lingua antico ligure
Língua lígure antiga
Ligurian (Ancient)
Ligurian language
Galambu (also known as Galambi, Galambe, Galembi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Most members of the ethnic group do not speak Galambu.
Galambu
Galambu language
Glaro-Twabo
Gula
Gula (Chad)
Manx
gaélico manés
manx
Glavda (also known as Galavda, Gelebda, Glanda, Guelebda, Galvaxdaxa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria and in Far North Province, Cameroon.
Glavda
Glavda language
Gule, also known as Anej, Fecakomodiyo, and Hamej, is an extinct Koman language of Sudan.
Gule
Gule language
Gambera
Gula'alaa
Mághdì
Middle High German , abbreviated MHG (Mhd.), is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German. In some uses, the term covers a longer period, going up to 1500.
Alto alemán medio
Alto alemão médio
Alto tedesco medio
Middle High German
Mittelhochdeutsch
Moyen haut-allemand
German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500)
German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)
Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)
alemán de la alta edad media
alemão medieval alto
alemão médio-alto
allemand, moyen haut (ca. 1050-1500)
moyen haut-allemand
tedesco medio alto
Middle Low German (ISO 639-3 code gml) is a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German. It served as the international lingua franca of the Hanseatic League. It was spoken from about 1100 to 1600.
Middle Low German
Mittelniederdeutsche Sprache
Moyen bas allemand
German, Middle Low
Gbaya-Mbodomo
Gimnime
Gumalu
Gamo
Magoma
Mycenaean Greek is the most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland, Crete and Cyprus in the 16th to 12th centuries BC, before the hypothesised Dorian invasion which was often cited as the terminus post quem for the coming of the Greek language to Greece. The language is preserved in inscriptions in Linear B, a script first attested on Crete before the 14th century BC. Most instances of these inscriptions are on clay tablets found in Knossos in central Crete, and in Pylos in the southwest of the Peloponnese. Other tablets have been found at Mycenae itself, Tiryns and Thebes and at Chania in Western Crete. The language is named after Mycenae, one of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece.
Dialetto miceneo
Grego micênico
Griego micénico
Mycenaean Greek
Mycénien
Mykenisches Griechisch
Greek, Mycenaean
The Liburnian language is an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia in classical times. The Liburnian language is reckoned as an Indo-European language, in the Centum group. Alternative speculations place it on the same Indo-European branch as the Venetic language or on a separate branch.
Liburnian
Liburnische Sprache
Liburnian language
Mgbolizhia
Kaansa
Gangte is a Kukish language of India. There are a few speakers across the border in Burma.
Gangte
Gangte language
Guanche is an extinct language that was spoken by the Guanches of the Canary Islands until the 16th or 17th century. It is only known today through a few sentences and individual words recorded by early travellers, supplemented by several placenames, as well as some words assimilated into the Canary Islanders' Spanish. Relationships with other languages have therefore been difficult to determine with certainty; however, it is almost certainly Afro-Asiatic, and many linguists consider Guanche to likely be one of, or to be related to, the Berber languages.
Guanche
Lenguas guanches
Guanche language
Zulgo-Gemzek is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Gemzek, Mineo, and Zulgo.
Zulgo-Gemzek
Zulgo-Gemzek language
Ganang
Ngangam (Gangam) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Togo and Benin.
Ngangam
Ngangam language
Lere
Gooniyandi is an Australian Aboriginal language now spoken by about 100 people, most of whom live in or near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia. Gooniyandi is an endangered language as it is not being passed on to children, who instead grow up speaking Kriol.
Gooniyandi
Gooniyandi language
//Gana
Gangulu
Ginuman
Alanic
Gumatj
Northern Gondi
Gondi, Northern
Gana
Gureng Gureng
Guntai
Gnau is a language of Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Torricelli language family.
Gnau
Gnau language
Western Bolivian Guaraní, known locally as Simba and Simba Guaraní, is a Guaraní language spoken in Bolivia, in the Chuquisaca Department north of the Pilcomayo River.
Western Bolivian Guaraní
Guaraní, Western Bolivian
Loup A
Ganzi
Guro (also known as Guoro, Kwéndré, Kweni and Lo) is a Mande language spoken by approximately 332,000 people in Côte d'Ivoire, primarily in the areas of Haut-Sassandra and Marahoue.
Gouro
Guro
Guro language
Playero is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 250 people in Colombia. Speakers are somewhat acculterated and bilingual in Spanish.
Playero
Playero language
Gorakor
The Godié language is a Kru language of Ivory Coast.
Godié
Godié language
Gongduk or Gongdu is an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 1,000 people in a few inaccessible villages located near the Kuri Chhu river in the Gongdu Gewog of Mongar District in eastern Bhutan. The language appears to be the sole representative of a unique branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family and retains the complex verbal agreement system of Proto-Tibeto-Burman.
Gongduk
Gongduk language
Gofa
Lepontic is an extinct Alpine language that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul (what is now Northern Italy) between 550 and 100 BC. Lepontic is attested in inscriptions found in an area centered around Lugano, Switzerland, and including the Lake Como and Lake Maggiore areas of Italy.
Idioma lepóntico
Lepontic
Lepontische Sprache
Lingua leponzia
Lépontique
Língua lepôntica
Lepontic language
Gogo is a Bantu language spoken by the Gogo people of Dodoma Region in Tanzania. The language is spoken throughout Dodoma Region and into the neighbouring district of Manyoni. The language is considered to have three dialects: Nyambwa (Cinyambwa or West Gogo) spoken to the west of Dodoma and in Manyoni, Nyaugogo (Cinyaugogo or Central Gogo) spoken in the environs of Dodoma, and Tumba (Citumba or East Gogo) spoken to the east. The Gogo group is grouped with Kagulu, which has a 56% lexical similarity with Gogo proper, which leads some to classify Kagulu as a Gogo dialect. Gogo has about 50% lexical similarity with Hehe and Sangu (both Bena–Kinga languages (G.60), 48% with Kimbu and 45% with Nilamba. These last two are both in Zone F. Gogo is spoken by both Christians and Muslims, and is a major language of the Anglican Church of Tanzania.
Gogo
Língua gogo
Gogo language
The term Old High German (OHG, German: , German abbr. Ahd.) refers to the earliest stage of the German language and it conventionally covers the period from around 500 to 1050. Coherent written texts do not appear until the second half of the 8th century, and some treat the period before 750 as prehistoric and date the start of Old High German proper to 750 for this reason. There are, however, a number of Elder Futhark inscriptions dating to the 6th century (notably the Pforzen buckle), as well as single words and many names found in Latin texts predating the 8th century.
Althochdeutsch
Alto alemán antiguo
Alto alemão antigo
Alto tedesco antico
Old High German
Vieux haut-allemand
German, Old High (ca. 750-1050)
German, Old High (ca.750-1050)
Old High German (ca. 750-1050)
alemán de la alta edad antigua
alemão arcaico alto
allemand, vieux haut (ca. 750-1050)
ancien haut allemand
tedesco antico alto
Gobasi
Gowlan
Gowli
Gola is an erstwhile Atlantic language of Liberia. It is not closely related to other languages and appears to form its own branch of Niger–Congo.
Gola
Gola language
Goan Konkani
Konkani, Goan
Gondi (Gōndi) is spoken by the Gondi people. It is a Central-Dravidian language, spoken by about two million people chiefly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattishgarh and in various adjoining areas of neighbouring states. Although it is the language of the Gond people, only about half of them still speak it.
Gondi
gond
gondi
Gondi language
Gondi-Sprache
Gondî
Língua gondi
Gone Dau is an East Fijian language spoken by about 700 people on the islands of Gone and Dau, Fiji. *
Gone Dau
Gone dau
Gone Dau language
Yeretuar, or Goni, is an Austronesian language in its putative Cenderawasih branch from Cenderawasih Bay (Geelvink Bay) in Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages.
Yeretuar
Yeretuar language
Gorap
The Gorontalo language (also called Hulontalo) is a Philippine language spoken in Gorontalo Province (Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, southern coast) by the Gorontalo people. There is no ISO 639-1 code for Gorontalo. Dialects of Gorontalo are East Gorontalo, Gorontalo Kota, Tilamuta, Suwawa, and West Gorontalo. There were 900.000 speakers of Gorontalo in 1989.
Gorontalo
Mongondou
gorontalo
Gorontalo language
Idioma gorontalo
Gronings (, locally ), in the dialect itself called Grunnegs or Grönnegs, is a collective name for some Friso-Saxon dialects spoken in the province of Groningen and around the Groningen border in Drenthe and Friesland. Gronings and the strongly related varieties in East-Frisia have a strong Frisian influence and take a remarkable position within the Low Saxon language. The dialect is characterized by a typical accent and vocabulary, which differ strongly from the other Low Saxon dialects.
Groningois
Gronings
Idioma groningués
Gothic is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizable text corpus. All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loan-words in other languages such as Portuguese, Spanish and French.
Gothic
Gotique
Gotisch
gotico
gótico
Gothic language
Gotische Sprache
Idioma gótico
Lingua gotica
Língua gótica
gothique
gotique
Gavar (also known as Gawar, Gouwar, Gauar, Rtchi, Kortchi, Ma-Gavar) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province.
Gavar
Gavar language
Gorowa is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma and Manyara Regions.
Gorowa
Gorowa language
Lusitanian (so named after the Lusitani or Lusitanians) was a paleohispanic language that apparently belonged to the Indo-European family. Its relationship to the Celtic languages of the Iberian Peninsula, either as a member, a cousin (in a branch termed "Para-Celtic"), or as a different branch of Indo-European, is debated. , inscriptions, dated from ca. 1 CE, and numerous names of places (toponyms) and of gods (theonyms). The language was spoken in the territory inhabited by Lusitanian tribes, from Douro to the Tagus rivers, territory that nowadays belongs mainly to Portugal, but also to Spain.
Idioma lusitano
Lusitain
Lusitanian
Lusitanische Sprache
Lingua lusitana
Língua lusitana
Lusitanian language
Gobu
Goundo
Gozarkhani
Gupa-Abawa
Ghanaian Pidgin English
Pidgin English, Ghanaian
Taiap (also called Gapun, after the name of the village where it is spoken) is an endangered language isolate spoken by around a hundred people in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. It is being replaced by the national language and lingua franca Tok Pisin.
Taiap
Taiap language
Gaanda (also known as Ganda, Gaandu, Mokar, Makwar) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by about 10,000 people in the Adamawa state of Nigeria. Some speakers live in the Song, Gyuk, Mubi, and Biu (Borno State) LGAs. It has 2 dialects, Gaanda and Gabin. Its speakers are generally not monolingual in Gaanda, instead, they use Hausa and Fulfulde as well. They are becoming more interested in education; Ga'anda has a secondary school. The traditional religions of the people are Christian and Muslim.
Ga'anda
Ga'anda language
Guiqiong
Guana
Guana (Brazil)
Gor
Qau
Rajput Garasia
Garasia, Rajput
Krumen is a dialect continuum spoken by the Krumen people of Liberia and Ivory Coast (Tabou and Grabo subprefectures). It is a branch of the Grebo languages, a subfamily of the Kru languages and ultimately of the Niger–Congo languages. It had 48,300 speakers as of 1993. The main varieties are: *Tepo: Tepo, Bapo, Wlopo / Ropo, Dapo, Honpo, Yrepo / Kapo, Glawlo dialects *Pye: Trepo, Wluwe-Hawlo, Gbowe-Hran, Wlepo, Dugbo, Yrewe / Giriwe, Yapo, Pie dialects *Plapo Plapo has only a hundred speakers and no dialectical variation.
Grebo
Grebo-Sprache
gerbo
grebo
Krumen language
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, (known as Archaic), c. 5th–4th centuries BC (Classical), and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD (Hellenistic) of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek. The language of the Hellenistic phase is known as Koine (common) or Biblical Greek, the language from the late period onward has no considerable difference from Medieval Greek. Koine is regarded as a separate historical stage of its own, although in its earlier form it closely resembles the Classical. Prior to the Koine period, Greek of the classic and earlier periods included several regional dialects.
Altgriechisch
Ancient Greek
Grec ancien
Griego antiguo
greco antico
grego arcaico
Altgriechische Sprache
Ancient Greek (to 1453)
Ancient Greek language
Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
Lingua greca antica
Língua grega antiga
grec ancien
grec ancien (jusqu'à 1453)
grego clássico
griego antiguo
Guruntum is a Chadic language spoken by about 15,000 people in Nigeria. Classification Guruntum is a West Chadic language of the B subgroup.
Guruntum-Mbaaru
Guruntum language
Madi
Cuneiform Luwian
Luwian, Cuneiform
Gbiri-Niragu, also known as Gure-Kahugu, is a Kainji language of Nigeria. Speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Gbiri-Niragu
Gbiri-Niragu language
Ghari (also known as Gari, Tangarare, Sughu, and West Guadalcanal) is an Oceanic language spoken on Guadalcanal island of the Solomon Islands.
Ghari
Ghari language
Southern Grebo
Grebo, Southern
Kota Marudu Talantang
Guarani
guarana
guarani
guaraní
Groma is a language spoken in Sikkim and Tibet. It belongs to the southern group of Tibetan languages. Its speakers identify as Tibetans.
Groma
Groma language
Gorovu
Zenati, or Taznatit, is the Zenati Berber language of the Gourara (Tigurarin) region, an archipelago of oases surrounding Timimoun in southwestern Algeria, and of a smaller number of villages in Touat to its south, notably Tamentit (where it was already practically extinct by 1985 ) and Tittaf.
Taznatit
Zenati language
The Elymian language is the extinct language of the ancient Elymian people of western Sicily. It is not known whether Elymian was an Indo-European tongue. The limited and fragmentary nature of the surviving sources makes it very difficult to identify its affinities with other regional languages; it has been speculated that Elymian was related to the Italic languages, though this interpretation is disputed.
Elymian
Elymische Sprache
Elymian language
Gresi (Geresi, Glesi, Gresik, Klesi) is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is very close to Kemtuik.
Gresi
Gresi language
Garo (also spelled as Garrow, or else known by the people's own name for themselves, Mande) is the language of the majority of the people of the Garo Hills in the Indian state of Meghalaya. Garo is also used in Kamrup, Dhubri, Goalpara and the Darrang districts of Assam, India as well as in neighboring Bangladesh. Garo uses the Latin script and has a close affinity to Bodo, the language of one of the dominant communities of the neighbouring state of Assam.
Garo
Lingua garo
Língua garo
Garo language
Soddo (autonym kəstane "Christian"; formerly called Aymälläl in Western sources, after a particular dialect of it) is a Gurage language spoken by about 300,000 people in southeastern Ethiopia. It is a South Ethiopian Semitic language of the Northern Gurage subfamily.
Kistane
Soddo language
Central Grebo
Grebo, Central
Gweda
Guriaso is a language of Papua New Guinea. Only described in 1983, it is distantly related to the Kwomtari and Nai languages. (See Kwomtari languages for details.)
Guriaso
Guriaso language
Barclayville Grebo
Grebo, Barclayville
Guramalum
Ghanaian Sign Language
German Sign Language or Deutsche Gebärdensprache is the sign language of the Deaf community in Germany. It is often abbreviated as DGS. It is unclear how many use German Sign Language as their main language; Gallaudet University estimated 50,000 in 1986. The language has evolved through use in deaf communities over hundreds of years.
Deutsche Gebärdensprache
German Sign Language
Gusilay (Gusiilay, Gusilaay, Kusiilaay, Kusilay) is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal.
Gusilay
Gusilay language
Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec
Zapotec, Santa Inés Yatzechi
Guatelmalan Sign Language is the national deaf sign language used in Guatemala. The first dictionary was published in 2000. It is distinct from the sign languages used in Mexico and other neighboring Spanish speaking countries, and from Highland Maya Sign Language, which is used among Kiche Maya of rural Guatemala.
Guatemalan Sign Language
Lenguaje de señas guatemalteco
Língua Gestual da Guatemala
Mushungulu
Gusan
Southwest Gbaya
Gbaya, Southwest
Wasembo, also known as Biapim, Gusap, Yankowan, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Wasembo
Wasembo language
Greek Sign Language is the sign language of the Greek deaf community. It has been legally recognised as the official language of the Deaf Community in Greece by Law 2817 in 2000.
Greek Sign Language
Língua de sinais grega
Swiss German (, ) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in Switzerland and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy. Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian Vorarlberg which are closely associated to Switzerland's.
Alsatian
Schweizerdeutsch
Svizzero tedesco
alemán suizo
alemão suíço
alémanique
Alemannic
Alemán de Suiza
German, Swiss
Suisse allemand
Suíço-alemão
Swiss German
suisse alémanique
tedesco svizzero
The Guató language, or , is a possible language isolate spoken by the about 10% Guató people of Brazil. Kaufman (1990) provisionally classifies it as a branch of the Macro-Gê languages, but no evidence for this was found by Eduardo Ribeiro.
Guató
Idioma guató
Guató language
Gbati-ri
Mboa, also known as Mbonga, is an apparently extinct language of Cameroon (Blench 2011), though Ethnologue reports 1,490 speakers cited in 2000.
Mbonga
Mboa language
Aghu-Tharnggala
Shiki is one of the Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria, spoken in Bauchi State .
Shiki
Shiki language
Guajajára
The Wayuu language, or Goajiro (Wayuu: wayuunaiki), is spoken by 305,000 indigenous Wayuu people in northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela on the Guajira Peninsula.
Idioma wayúu
Língua wayuu
Wayuu
Wayuu language
Yocoboué Dida
Dida, Yocoboué
Gurindji is a Southwest Pama–Nyungan language spoken in the Northern Territory, Australia. Gurindji Kriol is a mixed language that is derived from it.
Gurinji
Gurindji language
Gupapuyngu
Guaraní, specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guaraní (; endonym avañeẽ Ava language'), is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí–Guaraní subfamily of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and half of the rural population is monolingual. It is spoken by communities in neighbouring countries, including parts of northern Argentina and southwestern Brazil, and is a second official language of the Argentine province of Corrientes; it is also an official language of Mercosur.
Guaraní
Guaraní language
Idioma guaraní
Lingua guaraní
Língua guarani
Guaraní, Paraguayan
Paraguayan Guaraní
Guahibo, the native language of the Guahibo people, is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in Colombia and additional 8,428 in Venezuela. There is a 40% rate of monolingualism, and a 45% literacy rate.
Guahibo
Sikuani
Guahibo language
Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
Guaraní, Eastern Bolivian
Gujarati ( ) is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati (1100 - 1500 AD) which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages. It is native to the Indian state of Gujarat, and is its chief language, as well as of the adjacent union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Gujarati
gujarati
guzerate
Gujarati language
Idioma guyaratí
Lingua gujarati
Língua guzerate
goudjarâtî
goudjrati
Gumuz (also spelled "Gumaz") is a dialect cluster spoken along the border of Ethiopia and Sudan. Most Ethiopian speakers live in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, although a group of 1,000 live outside the town of Welkite. The Sudanese speakers live in the area east of Er Roseires, around Famaka and Fazoglo on the Blue Nile, extending north along the border.
Gumuz
Idioma gumuz
Gumuz language
Makhuwa-Marrevone
Gullah (also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees" within the community), an African American population living on the Sea Islands and the coastal region of the U.S. states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and northeast Florida.
Gullah
Gullah language
Creole English, Sea Island
Sea Island Creole English
Guambiano
Mbyá Guaraní is a Tupi–Guaraní language spoken 16,050 Brazilians, 3,000 Argentines, and 8,000 Paraguayans. It is 75% lexically similar to Paraguayan Guaraní.
Dialeto mbiá
Idioma mbyá
Mbyá Guaraní
Guaraní, Mbyá
Mbyá Guaraní language
Guayabero is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 1200 people in Colombia. Many of its speakers are monoglots, with few fluent Spanish speakers in the population.
Guayabero
Guayabero language
Kunwinjku (also spelt Gunwingu, Gunwingku) is the variety of Bininj Gun-wok spoken in the largest population centre, Kunbarlanja (formerly Oenpelli) and therefore the most widespread. This dialect had a population of speakers around 700 as of 2003 according to Evans, almost all of whom speak Kunwinjku inspite of increasing exposure to English.
Gunwinggu
Gunwinggu language
Aché, also known as Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay. The six Aché dialects are distinct enough to cause some problems with communication.
Aché
Aché language
Frafra or Farefare, also known as Gurenɛ, is the language of the Frafra people of northern Ghana, particularly the Upper East Region, and southern Burkina Faso. It is a national language of Ghana, and is closely related to Mossi, Moré, the national language of Burkina Faso.
Farefare
Gurenne
Frafra language
Mbudum or Mbedam is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province.
Mbudum
Mbudum language
Guinean Sign Language
The Maléku Jaíka language, also called Guatuso, is an indigenous language of north central Costa Rica. It is a Chibchan language spoken by around 750 indigenous Maléku people.
Idioma guatuso
Maléku Jaíka
Maléku language
Yanomamö
Gey
Gun
Gourmanchéma (Goulmacema, Gourma, Gourmantche, Gulimancema, Gulmancema, Gurma) is a major language of the Gurma people spoken in from Burkina Faso across northern Togo and Benin and as far as Niger.
Gourmanchéma
Gourmantché
Gurma
Gourmanchéma language
The Gusii language (also known as Kisii or Ekegusii) is a Bantu language spoken in the Kisii district in western Kenya,whose head-quarters is Kisii town, (between the Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria and the border with Tanzania). It is spoken by the Gusii people, numbering about 1.5 million (SIL/Ethnologue 1994). A few Gusii people are bilingual in Luo.
Gusii
gusii
Ekegusii
Gusii language
Língua gusii
Guana (Paraguay)
Guanano (also Wanano) is a Tucanoan language spoken in the northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupés in Colombia.
Guanano
Wanano
Guanano language
Duwet, also known as Guwot or Waing, is an aberrant member of the Busu subgroup of Lower Markham languages in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Duwet is spoken by about 400 people and appears to have been heavily influenced by its neighboring Nabak language (also called Wain) of the Papuan Trans–New Guinea languages.
Duwet
Duwet language
Golin (also Gollum, Gumine) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Golin
Golin language
The Median language (also Medean or Medic) was the language of the Medes. It is an Old Iranian language and classified as belonging to the northwestern Iranian subfamily which includes many other languages such as Azari, Zazaki, Gilaki, Mazandarani, the Kurdish languages, and Baluchi.
Língua meda
Median
Medische Sprache
Median language
Guajá, or Awá (also Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara), is an isolated Tupi–Guarani language spoken in Brazil.
Guajá
Guaja language
Gulay (Gulai) is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad. An eighth of speakers are Pen (Peni), and do not like to be called Gulay.
Gulay
Gulay language
Gurmana
Kuku Nyungkal (also known as Kuku Njunggal; Guugu Nyungkul; Gugu Njunggal ) is an Australian Aboriginal language and the language of the Kuku Nyungkal people of Far North Queensland. It is one of the Kuku Yalanji languages still being spoken (though by fewer people than speak Kuku Yalanji itself). Most of the speakers today live in the communities of Wujal Wujal and Mossman.
Kuku-Yalanji
Kuku Nyungkal language
Gavião of Jiparaná (Gavião do Jiparaná), also known as Digüt and Gavião do Rondônia, is a Tupian language of Brazil. It is partially intelligible with Suruí. The Zoró dialect is sometimes considered a separate language.
Gavião of Jiparaná
Gavião Do Jiparaná
Pará Gavião
Gavião, Pará
Western Gurung
Gurung, Western
Gumawana
Guyani
Mbato, also known as Potu or Gwa, is a Kwa language of Ivory Coast and in Ghana. It's one of two Potou languages.
Mbato
Mbato language
Gwa
Kalami is a Dardic language spoken in northern Pakistan.
Kalami
Kohistani de Kalam
Kalami language
Gawwada (also known as Gauwada, Gawata, Kawwad'a, Kawwada) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southern Ethiopia. Dialects include Dihina, Gergere, Gobeze, Gollango, Gorose, Harso.
Gawwada
Gawwada language
Mingrelian, or Megrelian (მარგალური ნინა margaluri nina; ), is a Kartvelian language spoken in Western Georgia (regions of Samegrelo and Abkhazia), primarily by Georgians of Mingrelian origin. The language was also called Iverian (Georgian iveriuli ena) in the early 20th century. Because for more than a thousand years Mingrelian holds only a regional status within Georgia, the number of its speakers has been decreasing in favor of the national language, with UNESCO designating it as a definitely endangered language.
Mingrelian
Mingrelische Sprache
Idioma megreliano
Lingua mengrelia
Língua mingreliana
Mingrélien
Mingrelian language
The Gweno are a Chaga ethnic and linguistic group based in the northernmost part of the Pare Mountains in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. In 2000 the ethnic Gweno population was estimated to number somewhere over 2,000, with their nearly extinct language spoken mostly by older adults, while younger Gweno have shifted to Asu and Swahili.
Gweno
Gweno language
Gowro
Moo
The Gwich’in language is the Athabaskan language of the Gwich’in indigenous people. It is also known in older or dialect-specific publications as Kutchin, Takudh, Tukudh, or Loucheux. In the Northwest Territories and Yukon of Canada, it is used principally in the towns of Inuvik, Aklavik, Fort McPherson, Old Crow, and Tsiigehtchic (formerly Arctic Red River). There are about 430 Gwich’in speakers in Canada out of a total Gwich’in population of 1,900.
Gwichʼin
Kutchin-Sprache
gwichʼin
kutchin
Gwich'in
Gwich’in
Gwich’in language
Idioma gwich'in
Língua gwich’in
gwich'in
or (sometimes spelled |Gwi, Dcui, Gcwi, or Cgui) is a Khoe dialect of Botswana with 2,500 speakers (2004 Cook). It is part of the Gǁana dialect cluster, and is closely related to Naro.
/Gwi
Gǀui dialect
Awngthim
Gwandara is a West Chadic language, and the closest relative of Hausa. Its several dialects are spoken in northern Nigeria by about 30,000 people.
Gwandara
Gwandara language
‎ Gwere, or Lugwere, is the language spoken by the Gwere people (Bagwere), a Bantu people found in the eastern part of Uganda. It has a close dialectical resemblance to Soga and Ganda, which neighbhour the Gwere.
Gwere
Gwere language
Gawar-Bati
Gawar-bati
Gawar-Bati language
Guwamu
Kwini
Gua (Gwa) is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana. It is also called Anum-Boso, after its two dialects.
Gua
Gua language
Wè Southern
Northwest Gbaya
Gbaya, Northwest
Garus
Kayardild is a Tangkic language spoken on Bentinck Island and surrounding islands such as Sweers Island, north west Queensland, Australia, with fewer than ten fluent speakers remaining. Other members of the family include Lardil, Yukulta (Ganggalida) and Yangkaal. It is famous for its many unusual case phenomena, including case stacking of up to four levels, the use of clause-level case to signal interclausal relations and pragmatic factors, and another set of verbal case endings which convert their hosts from nouns into verbs morphologically.
Kayardild
Kayardild language
Mengaka
Gyem
Gungabula
Gbayi
Gyele
Gayil
Introduction Also known as Guaymí, Ngöbere, Movere, Chiriquí, Valiente. The Ngäbere language is spoken by the indigenous Ngäbe people in Panama and Costa Rica. The people refer to themselves as Ngäbe (roughly pronounced “nawbay”), and to their language as Ngäbere (“nawberay”). The Ngäbes are the most populous of Panama’s several indigenous peoples. The language originates in Panama with the population centered within the semi-autonomous indigenous reservation known as the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé. Beginning in the 1950s Costa Rica began to receive Ngäbe immigrants, where they are located in several indigenous reservations: Abrojos Montezuma, Conteburica, Coto Brus, Guaymí de Alto Laguna de Osa, and Altos de San Antonio.
Idioma ngäbe
Ngäbere
Guaymí language
The Tonga language of Zambia and Zimbabwe is a Bantu Language primarily spoken by the Tonga people in those countries who live mainly in the Southern and Western provinces of Zambia, and in northern Zimbabwe, with a few in Mozambique. The language is also spoken by the Tonga, Ila, Iwe, Toka and Leya people, as well as many bilingual Zambians and Zimbabweans. It is one of the major lingua francas in Zambia, together with Bemba, Lozi and Nyanja. The Tonga of Malawi is not particularly close.
ChiTonga
Tonga
Chitonga
Língua tonga
Tonga (Zambia)
Tonga language
Guyanese Creole (Creolese by its speakers: or simply Guyanese) is an English-based creole language spoken by people in Guyana.
Guyanese Creole
Creole English, Guyanese
Guyanese Creole English
Kuku-Muminh
Guarayu is a Tupian language of Bolivia.
Guarayu
Guarayu language
The Kunja is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language.
Gunya
Gunya language
Ganza (also Ganzo, Koma) is an Afro-Asiatic language (Omotic), spoken in the western Oromo region of Ethiopia, near the border of Sudan. The Ganza people may originally have been from Sudan.
Ganza
Ganza language
Gazi
Gane
The Hän language (Dawson, Han-Kutchin, Moosehide) is a Native American endangered language spoken in only two places: Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon. There are only a few fluent speakers left (perhaps about 10), all of them elderly.
Han
Língua hän
Hän language
Amatlán Zapotec
Zapotec, Amatlán
Hanoi Sign Language
Majera (Mazᵉra) is a minor Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon.
Majera
Majera language
Gorani (also Gurani) is a Northwestern Iranian language, that includes Hewrami, and is spoken by Kurdish populations in the southernmost parts of Iranian Kurdistan and the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Some linguists classify it as a member of the Zaza–Gorani branch of the Northwestern Iranian languages. Although it shares similarities in vocabulary to Kurmanji and Sorani, also spoken by Kurds, Gorani is distinct grammatically from the two and shares similarities with Zazaki. In the nineteenth century, Gorani as a language of communication was slowly replaced by Sorani in several cities, both in Iran and Iraq. Today, Sorani is the primary language spoken in cities including Kirkuk, Meriwan, and Halabja, which are still considered part of the greater Goran region.
Gorani
Gurani
Gorani language
Hattam, also spelled Hatam, Atam and also known as Borai or Mansim, is a divergent language of New Guinea. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue (2009) removed it as a language isolate.
Hatam
Hattam language
Eastern Oromo (also known as "Ittu Oromo" or "Qottu Oromo") is a dialect of the Oromo language. According to the Ethnologue map of Ethiopian languages, it is spoken in the Mirab Hararghe Zone, Misraq Hararghe Zone and northern Bale Zone of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.
Eastern Oromo
Eastern Oromo language
Oromo, Eastern
Haiphong Sign Language
Hanga
Hahon
The Haida language is the language of the Haida people. It contains seven vowels and well over 30 consonants.
Haida
Haïda
haida
Haida language
Haida-Sprache
Idioma haida
Lingua haida
Hajong (হাজং) is an Indo-Aryan language with Tibeto-Burman roots spoken by more than 175,000 ethnic Hajong in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal in India and the Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. It is written in the Assamese script, and it is being supplanted by the Assamese language in India. Hajong was originally a Tibeto-Burman language, but it was linguistically mixed with Bengali and Assamese.
Hajong
Hajong language
Hakka is one of the main subdivisions of the Chinese language spoken by the Hakka people in southern China and throughout the diaspora areas of East Asia, Southeast Asia and around the world.
Chino hakka
Hakka
Lingua hakka
Chinese, Hakka
Hakka Chinese
Halang, also known as Salang, is a Bahnaric language of the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is spoken in the southern Laotian province of Attapu by approximately 4000 people and in the neighboring Kon Tum Province of Vietnam by approximately 13,500 people (Ethnologue, 2000).
Halang
Halang language
Hewa, also known as Sisimin and Lagaip, is a Sepik language of northern Papua New Guinea.
Hewa
Hewa language
Ancient Macedonian was the language of the ancient Macedonians. It was spoken in the kingdom of Macedon during the 1st millennium BCE and it belongs to the Indo-European group of languages. It gradually fell out of use during the 4th century BCE, marginalized by Koine Greek, the lingua franca of the Hellenistic period.
Ancien macédonien
Ancient Macedonian
Antiguo idioma macedonio
Lingua antico macedone
Língua macedônia antiga
Makedonische Sprache
Ancient Macedonian language
Macedonian, Ancient
Hangaza
Hakö
Hupla
Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Ikiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma region of Tanzania which is closely related to the languages of Rwanda and Burundi; neighboring dialects are mutually intelligible with Kirundi.
Ha language
Harari (sometimes (H)aderi or (H)adere) is the language of the Harari people of Ethiopia. According to the 1998 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 21,283 people. Most of its speakers are multilingual in Amharic and/or Oromo. Harari is closely related to the East Gurage languages, Zay and Silte. Locals or natives of this city also refer to it as "Gey sinan" (Language of the City). Several words are of Arabic or (to a lesser extent) Italian origin. Originally written in the Arabic script, it has recently converted to the Geez alphabet.
Harari
Língua harari
Harari language
The Haisla language is a First Nations language spoken by the Haisla people of the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, who are based in the village of Kitaamat 10 km from the town of Kitimat at the head of the Douglas Channel, a 120 km fjord that serves as a waterway for the Haisla as well as for the aluminum smelter and accompanying port of the town of Kitimat. The Haisla and their language, along with that of the neighbouring Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv peoples, were in the past incorrectly called "Northern Kwakiutl".
Haisla
Idioma haisla
Haisla language
Haitian Creole language (Kreyòl ayisyen; ), often called simply Creole or Kreyòl, is a language spoken in Haiti by about twelve million people, which includes all Haitians in Haiti and via emigration, by about two to three million speakers residing in the Bahamas, Cuba, Canada, France, Cayman Islands, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Belize, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Ivory Coast, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and the United States.
Haitian
Haitianisch
haitiano
haïtien
Creole, Haitian
Criollo haitiano
Crioulo haitiano
Haitian Creole
Haitian Creole language
Haitianische Sprache
Haïtien
Lingua creola haitiana
Hausa (Yaren Hausa – language of the Hausa [people]) is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 25 million people, and as a second language by about 18 million more, an approximate total of 43 million people. Hausa is one of Africa's largest spoken languages after Arabic, French, English, Portuguese and Swahili.
Hausa
haoussa
hausa
haussa
hauçá
Haoussa
Hausa language
Idioma hausa
Lingua hausa
Língua haúça
haúça
Havu or Haavu is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is very close to the Shi language.
Havu
Havu language
The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian: Ōlelo Hawaii) is a Polynesian language that takes its name from Hawaii, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. Hawaiian, along with English, is an official language of the state of Hawaii. King Kamehameha III established the first Hawaiian-language constitution in 1839 and 1840.
Hawaiian
Hawaiisch
havaiano
hawaiano
hawaïen
Hawaiian language
Hawaiische Sprache
Hawaïen
Idioma hawaiano
Lingua hawaiiana
Língua havaiana
Southern Haida
Haida, Southern
Haya (OluHaya, Swahili:Kihaya) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by the Haya people of Tanzania, in the south and southwest coast of Lake Victoria. In 1991, the population of Haya speakers was estimated at 1,200,000 people .
Haya
Língua haya
Haya language
Hazaragi is a dialect of the Persian language spoken by the Hazara people, most of all in an area known as the Hazarajat.
Hazara
Hazaragi
Idioma hazara
Língua hazaragi
Hazaragi language
Hamba
Huba, also Kilba, is a Chadic language of Nigeria.
Huba
Huba language
The Heiban language, Ebang, or Abul, is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Heiban
Heiban language
Biblical Hebrew , also called Classical Hebrew , is the archaic form of the Hebrew language, a Canaanite Semitic language spoken in the area known as Canaan between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Biblical Hebrew is attested from about the 10th century BC, and persisted through the Second Temple period (ending in AD 70 ). Biblical Hebrew eventually developed into Mishnaic Hebrew, which was spoken until the 2nd century AD. Biblical Hebrew is best-attested in the Hebrew Bible, a document which reflects various stages of the Hebrew language in its consonantal skeleton, as well as a vocalic system which was added later, in the Middle Ages. There is also some evidence of regional dialectal variation, including differences between Biblical Hebrew as spoken in the northern Kingdom of Israel and in the southern Kingdom of Judah.
Ancient Hebrew
Hebraico bíblico
Hébreu biblique
Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew, Ancient
Malaysian Sign Language (, or BIM) is the sign language in everyday use in many parts of Malaysia. BIM has many dialects, differing from state to state.
Malaysian Sign Language
Língua de sinais malasiana
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Croats and Serbs differ in religion and have historically lived under different empires, and have adopted slightly different literary forms as the official languages of their respective republics. Since independence, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Currently, there is a movement to create a Montenegrin language, separating it from Serbian. Thus Serbo-Croatian generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. All four standards are based on the same dialect, which had served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and later of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991.
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Kroatisch
serbo-croate
serbo-croato
serbocroata
servo-croata
Idioma serbocroata
Lingua serbo-croata
Língua servo-croata
Serbo-croate
Serbokroatische Sprache
Habu
Andaman Creole Hindi
Creole Hindi, Andaman
The Huichol language is an indigenous language of Mexico which belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language family. It is spoken by the ethnic group widely known as the Huichol (self-designation Wixaritari), whose mountainous territory extends over portions of the Mexican states of Jalisco, Nayarit, and Durango, mostly in Jalisco. Under the 2003 law of language rights, the indigenous languages of Mexico along with Spanish are recognized as "national languages".
Huichol
Huichol-Sprache
Idioma huichol
Huichol language
Northern Haida
Haida, Northern
Honduras Sign Language, also known as "Lengua de Señas Hondureñas" (LESHO), is the dominant sign language used in Honduras.
Honduras Sign Language
Língua Gestual das Honduras
Hadiyya (sometimes Hadiyigna or Adiya) is the Afro-Asiatic language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia. Most speakers live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region in the Hadiya Zone around the town Hosaena.
Hadiyya
Lingua hadiya
Língua hadia
Hadiyya language
Northern Qiandong Miao
Miao, Northern Qiandong
Samaritan Hebrew , is a reading tradition for Biblical Hebrew as used by the Samaritans for reading the Samaritan Pentateuch. Its pronunciation is highly similar to that of Samaritan Arabic, used by the Samaritans in prayer.
Hebrew
Hebräisch
ebraico
hebraico
hebreo
hébreu
Hebraico samaritano
Hébreu samaritain
Samaritan Hebrew
Herdé (He’dé) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad. Zime is a generic name.
Herdé
Herdé language
Helong
Manado Malay is a language spoken in Manado and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is Bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used only for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
Malais de Manado
Manado Malay
Malay, Manado
Hehe is a Bantu language spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania. It was reported to have "Ngoni" features, that is, words of a Zulu-like language introduced when conquered by a Nguni or Zulu-like people in the early 19th century. However, other "Ngoni" speeches seem to have lost most of these distinctive features over the past 150-odd years, the language more resembling those of the neighbouring peoples. Some Bible translation (British and Foreign Bible Society).
Hehe
Hehe language
Heiltsuk
Hemba (Emba), also known as Eastern Luba, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is spoken by the Hemba people.
Hemba
Hemba language
The Herero language (Otjiherero) is a language of the Bantu family (Niger–Congo group). It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia (206,000) and Botswana. The total number of speakers in both countries is approximately 237,000.
Herero
Héréro
Otjiherero
herero
Herero language
Herero-Sprache
Idioma herero
Lingua herero
Língua hereró
héréro
Hai//om
Haigwai
Hoia Hoia
Kerak
Hoyahoya
Lamang (Laamang) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Nigeria.
Lamang
Lamang language
Hibito (spelled variously Híbito, Hívito, Chibito, Ibito, Jibito, Xibita, Zibito) is an extinct language of Peru. It, together with Cholón, also extinct, constituted the Hibito-Cholon family.
Hibito
Idioma hibito
Hibito language
Hidatsa is an endangered Siouan language, closely related to the Crow language. It is spoken by the Hidatsa tribe, primarily in North Dakota and South Dakota.
Hidatsa
Hidatsa language
Manichaean Middle Persian
Persian, Manichaean Middle
Fiji Hindi, also known as Fijian Hindi or Fijian Hindustani, is the language spoken by most Fijian citizens of Indian descent. It is derived mainly from the Awadhi and Bhojpuri varieties of Hindi. It has also borrowed a large number of words from Fijian and English. The relation between Fiji Hindi and Standard Hindi is similar to the relation between Afrikaans and Dutch. A large number of words, unique to Fiji Hindi, have been created to cater for the new environment that Fiji Indians now live in. First-generation Fiji Indians, who used the language as a lingua franca in Fiji, referred to it as Fiji Baat (Fiji talk).
Fidschi-Hindi
Fiji Hindi
Hindi de Fiyi
Hindi des Fidji
Hindi fijiano
Lingua Figi Hindi
Hindi, Fiji
Kamwe (also sometimes known as Higi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Adamawa State, Borno State in Nigeria and North Western Cameroon. Dialects include Nkafa, Dakwa, Fali of Kiriya, Fali of Mijilu, Futu, Humsi, Modi, Sina, and Tili Pte.
Kamwe
Kamwe language
Pamosu is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Some of the older generation can speak Pal, a related language.
Pamosu
Pamosu language
Hinduri
Hijuk
Seit-Kaitetu
Hiligaynon, often referred to as Ilonggo, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.
Hiligaynon
Hiligaïnon
hiligayna
hiligaynon
Hiligaynon language
Hiligaynon-Sprache
Idioma hiligainón
Lingua hiligaynon
Himachali
himachali
Morerebi
Hindi
hindi
híndi
Tsoa
Himarimã is the presumed language of the uncontacted Hi-Merimã people, who are thought to number about 1000.
Himarimã
Himarimã language
Hittite (natively "[in the language] of Neša") is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centred on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia. The language is attested in cuneiform, in records from the 16th (Anitta text) down to the 13th century BC, with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing in an Old Assyrian context from as early as the 20th century BC.
Hethitisch
Hittite
hitita
hittite
Hethitische Sprache
Hittite language
Idioma hitita
Lingua ittita
Língua hitita
Hiw (sometimes spelled Hiu) is an Oceanic language spoken on Hiw island, in the Torres islands of Vanuatu.
Hiw
Idioma Hiw
Hiw language
Hixkaryana is one of the Carib languages, spoken by just over 500 people on the Nhamundá River, a tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. It is one of a few known natural languages that normally use object–verb–subject word order, and may have been the first such language to be described (by linguist Desmond C. Derbyshire).
Hixkaryana
Hixkaryána
Idioma hixkaryána
Hixkaryana language
Haji
Kuku-Mu'inh
The Kahe are an ethnic and linguistic group based southeast of Moshi in northern Tanzania. The Kahe language, or Kikahe, is in the Chagga cluster of Bantu languages. Three dialects are recognized: Kimwangaria, Msengoni and Kichangareni. Kikahe is spoken by 9130 people, and is one of the smaller language communities in Tanzania.
Kahe
Kahe language
The Hunde are an ethnolinguistic group of about 200,000 people (as of 1980) located in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Hunde live in the province of Nord-Kivu and the regions of Masisi and Rutshuru. The language of the Hunde is Kihunde, and alternate names are Kobi and Rukobi. The history of the Hunde since national independence has been bound up with that of the Kinyarwanda-speaking population in the region, including the recent First and Second Congo Wars.
Hunde
Hunde language
Hunjara-Kaina Ke
Heung Kong Sau Yue
Hong Kong Sign Language
Halia
Halbi (also Bastari, Halba, Halvas, Halabi, Halvi, Mahari, Mehari) is an Eastern zone Indo-Aryan language of the Oriya subgroup, spoken by about 500,000 individuals across the central part of India. It is considered a dilect of Oriya language by linguist.It uses SOV word order (subject-object-verb), makes strong use of affixes, and places adjectives before nouns. It is often used as a trade language, but there is a low literacy rate.
Halbi
Halbi language
Halang Doan is a language spoken by more than four thousand people on either side of the Laotian–Vietnamese border. There are some 2,346 speakers in Attopu Province, Laos, and another couple of thousand in Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.
Halang Doan
Halang Doan language
Kuku-Mangk
Hlersu
Nga La, also known as Matu Chin (Matupi) and Haltu, is a Kukish language of Burma and India.
Matu Chin
Chin, Matu
Nga La language
Hieroglyphic Luwian is a variant of the Luwian language, recorded in official and royal seals and a small number of monumental inscriptions. It is written in a hieroglyphic script known as Anatolian hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphic Luwian
Luwian, Hieroglyphic
Southern Mashan Miao
Hmong, Southern Mashan
Miao, Southern Mashan
Southern Mashan Hmong
Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken by about 140,000 people in the Hombori region, straddling the Burkina–Mali border.
Humburi Senni
Humburi Senni Songhay
Songhay, Humburi Senni
Central Huishui Miao
Central Huishui Hmong
Hmong, Central Huishui
Miao, Central Huishui
El Alto Zapotec
Zapotec, El Alto
The A-Hmao language, also known as Large Flowery Miao , is a Hmongic language spoken in China. It is the language the Pollard script was designed for, and displays extensive tone sandhi. There is a high degree of literacy in Pollard among the older generation.
A-hmaos
A-Hmao language
Da-Hua Miao
Large Flowery Miao
Miao, Da-Hua
Miao, Large Flowery
The Meroitic language was spoken in Meroë and the Sudan during the Meroitic period (attested from 300 BCE) and went extinct about 400 CE. It was written in two forms of the Meroitic alphabet: Meroitic Cursive, which was written with a stylus and was used for general record-keeping; and Meroitic Hieroglyphic, which was carved in stone or used for royal or religious documents. It is poorly understood owing to the scarcity of bilingual texts.
Meroitische Sprache
Idioma meroítico
Meroitic
Méroïtique
Meroitic language
Eastern Huishui Miao
Eastern Huishui Hmong
Hmong, Eastern Huishui
Miao, Eastern Huishui
Hmong Don
Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
Hmong, Southwestern Guiyang
Southwestern Huishui Miao
Hmong, Southwestern Huishui
Miao, Southwestern Huishui
Southwestern Huishui Hmong
Northern Huishui Miao
Hmong, Northern Huishui
Miao, Northern Huishui
Northern Huishui Hmong
The Ge or Gejia language , Chonganjiang Miao (Zhong'an River Miao), is a Miao language of China. The endonym is spelled Mhong, though it shares this with Huishui Miao; it is pronounced , as in the Hmong language. When speaking Chinese, they call themselves Gédōu.
Gejia
Gejia language
Ye-Maek, also known as Yemaek and Maek, is an unclassified and arguably unattested languages of Manchuria and eastern Korea north of Silla in the last few centuries BCE.
Maek
Ye-Maek language
Luobo River Miao (罗泊河 Luōpōhé Miao), Hmjo or A-Hmyo, is a Miao language of China.
Luopohe Miao
Hmong, Luopohe
Luobo River Miao
Luopohe Hmong
Miao, Luopohe
Central Mashan Miao
Central Mashan Hmong
Hmong, Central Mashan
Miao, Central Mashan
Miao-Sprache
Mong
hmong
Hmong
Hiri Motu, (also known as Police Motu or Pidgin Motu) is an official language of Papua New Guinea. It is a simplified version of Motu and although it is strictly neither a pidgin nor a creole it possesses some features of both language types. Phonological and grammatical differences mean not only that Hiri Motu speakers cannot understand Motu, but also that Motu speakers not exposed to Hiri Motu have similar difficulties, though the languages are lexically very similar, and retain a common Austronesian syntactical basis.
Hiri Motu
Hiri motu
Hiri-Motu
hiri motu
Hiri Motu language
Lingua hiri motu
Northern Mashan Miao
Hmong, Northern Mashan
Miao, Northern Mashan
Northern Mashan Hmong
Eastern Qiandong Miao
Miao, Eastern Qiandong
The Hmar language belongs to the Kukish branch of the Tibeto-Burman family of languages. The speakers of the language are also known as Hmar.
Hmar
Hmar language
Moroccan Sign Language
Southern Qiandong Miao
Miao, Southern Qiandong
Hamtai (Hamday) is the most populous of the Angan languages of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Kamea (in Gulf Province), Kapau, and Watut. Dialects are Wenta, Howi, Pmasa’a, Hamtai proper, Kaintiba.
Hamtai
Hamtai language
Hamap
Hmong Dô
Western Mashan Miao
Hmong, Western Mashan
Miao, Western Mashan
Western Mashan Hmong
Southern Guiyang Miao
Hmong, Southern Guiyang
Miao, Southern Guiyang
Southern Guiyang Hmong
Hmong Shua
Miao, Sinicized
Sinicized Miao
Matbat
The Mina language is spoken in Northern Cameroon. Another language of the same name is found in India. They are distinguished in ISO 639-3 by referring to this language as and to the other as
Mina
Mina (Cameroon)
Mina language
Southern Hindko
Hindko, Southern
Chhattisgarhi (Devanagari: छत्तीसगढ़ी) is the official language in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh and has approximately 17.5 million speakers. It is an East Central Indo-Iranian language with heavy presence of vocabulary and linguistic features from Munda and Dravidian languages. Chhattisgarhi has been known by name Khaltahi to surrounding hill-people and by name Laria to Sambalpuri and Oriya speakers.
Chhattisgarhi
Idioma chatisgarí
Chhattisgarhi language
//Ani
Hani
Mong Njua
Hmong Njua
Mong Leng
The Hanunó'o language is a language spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines.
Hanunoo
Hanunó'o
Hanunó'o language
The Kamu language, or Gamor, is an extinct indigenous Australian language spoken in Northern Territory, Australia. There were two speakers in 1967.
Kamu
Kamu language
Northern Hindko
Hindko, Northern
Caribbean Hindustani is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken in Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago. These three countries put an adjective before the name of the language, so that the local language variant is known for instance as "Sarnami Hindoestani" in Suriname. Most people still call the language "Hindustani".
Caribbean Hindustani
Hindustani, Caribbean
Hung
Hoava is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1000-1500 people on New Georgia Island, Solomon Islands. Speakers of Hoava are multilingual and usually also speak Roviana, Marovo, SI Pijin, English.
Hoava
Hoava language
Mari (Madang Province)
Ho (also known as Bihar Ho and Lanka Kol) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken primarily in India by about 3,803,126 people. It is written with the Devanagari and the Varang Kshiti scripts. It is spoken by the Ho people. 0.103% of India's Population speaks this language as per the 2001 census. The Script was founded and developed by pandit Dr. Lako Bodra.
Língua ho
Ho language
Holma (also known as Da Holmaci, Bali Holma) is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State. Speakers switched to Fulfulde.
Holma
Holma language
Horom
Hobyót (also known as Hewbyót or Hobi) is an endangered Semitic language spoken in a small area of Oman and neighboring Yemen.
Hobyót
Hobyót language
Holikachuk is a highly endangered Athabaskan language formerly spoken at the village of Holikachuk (Hiyeghelinhdi) on the Innoko River in central Alaska. In 1962 residents of Holikachuk relocated to Grayling on the lower Yukon River. Holikachuk is intermediate between the Deg Xinag and Koyukon languages, linguistically closer to Koyukon but socially much closer to Deg Xinag. Though it was recognized by scholars as a distinct language as early as the 1840s, it was only definitively identified in the 1970s. Of about 180 Holikachuk people, only about 5 spoke the language in 2007.
Holikachuk
Língua holikachuk
Holikachuk language
The Harauti language is a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken in historical Hadoti region: Kota, Baran, Bundi and Jhalawar districts of Rajasthan and its adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh.
Haroti
Hadothi
Harauti language
Tankarana Malagasy
Antankarana Malagasy
Malagasy, Antankarana
Malagasy, Tankarana
Holu
Homa is an extinct South Sudanese Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. It has been included in the Boan languages.
Homa
Homa language
Holoholo is a Bantu language of DR Congo and formerly in Tanzania spoken by the Holoholo people. Classification is uncertain, but it may belong with the Takama group (Nurse 2003:169).
Holoholo
Holoholo language
Hopi is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Hopi people (a Pueblo group) of northeastern Arizona, USA, although today some Hopi are monolingual English speakers.
Hopi
Idioma hopi
Lingua hopi
Língua hopi
Hopi language
Horo
Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language
Hote
Malê
Hovongan
Honi
Holiya
Tsimihety Malagasy
Malagasy, Tsimihety
Hozo is an Afroasiatic language spoken mostly in the Kondala woreda of Mirab Welega Zone (Western Oromia) by peoples generically known as "Mao". There are smaller groups of Hozo speakers in Mana Sibu woreda. The term Hozo is usually understood by the Mao to refer to a clan. Hozo speakers prefer to call themselves Amo. Hozo and Seze are sometimes called Begi Mao.
Hozo
Hozo language
Hpon
Hawaii Pidgin Sign Language is a sign language used in Hawaii. Now largely supplanted by American Sign Language, it is almost extinct and is used only by a few elderly people, who are bilingual in ASL. The language is named for the Hawaii Pidgin spoken language and is not itself a pidgin.
Hawaii Pidgin Sign Language
Língua de Sinais Havaiana
Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language
Hrangkhol or Rangkhawl is a Kukish language spoken by the Hrangkhawl people.
Hrangkhol
Hrangkhol language
Niwer Mil
Hre
Haruku
Horned Miao
Miao, Horned
Maden
Haroi
Nhirrpi
Hértevin
Hruso, also Aka or Angka, is a small Tibeto-Burman language of India. Levai has traditionally been considered a dialect, but may be a separate language.
Hruso
Hruso language
Croatian is the collective name for varieties of the Serbo-Croatian language spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries.
Croate
Croatian
Kroatisch
croata
croato
Croatian language
Idioma croata
Kroatische Sprache
Lingua croata
Língua croata
croate
Warwar Feni
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (, ), spoken in parts of Brazil, is a Brazilian West Germanic language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of the German Language.
Hunsrik
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
Mayaguduna
Harzani
Upper Sorbian is a minority language spoken by Sorbs in Germany in the historical province of Upper Lusatia (Hornja Łužica in Sorbian), which is today part of Saxony. It is grouped in the West Slavic language branch, together with Lower Sorbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak and Kashubian.
Alto sorabo
Alto sorábio
Obersorbisch
Upper Sorbian
alto sorabo
haut-sorabe
Haut-sorabe
Lingua lusaziana superiore
Obersorbische Sprache
Sorbian, Upper
Upper Sorbian language
sorbiano superior
sorbio superior
sorábio superior
Hungarian Sign Language is the sign language of Deaf people in Hungary. There is historical evidence that Hungarian and Austrian Sign Language are related, but there is no linguistic research and proof for the matter, yet.
Hungarian Sign Language
Hausa Sign Language is the sign language of the Deaf community in Hausa-speaking areas of Northern Nigeria.
Hausa Sign Language
Língua Gestual Hausa
Xiāng (Hsiang, ), also known as Hunanese , is a Chinese language spoken mainly in Hunan province, but also in Sichuan and Guangxi provinces. Scholars divide it into Old Xiāng and New Xiāng. Old Xiāng dialects are of immense interest to Chinese dialectologists and historical phonologists because they, along with dialects of Wu Chinese, still exhibit the three-way distinction of Middle Chinese obstruents, preserving the voiced stops, fricatives and affricates. However, Xiāng has been heavily influenced by Mandarin, which adjoins three of the four sides of the Xiāng speaking territory. New Xiāng, which has lost the voiced obstruents, is to a certain extent intelligible to speakers of Southwestern Mandarin.
Chino xiang
Lingua xiang
Xiang
Xiang Chinese
Chinese, Xiang
Harsusi (also known as Hersyet, Harsi `Aforit) is a Semitic language closely related to Mehri. It is spoken by 1,000 to 2,000 Harasis in Jiddat al-Harasis, Dhofar Province, Oman. Reportedly, the Harasis are increasing their use of the more dominant Mehri and are bilingual in Arabic.
Harsusi
Harsusi language
Zoogocho Zapotec
Zapotec, Zoogocho
Hoti
Mori Bawah
Minica Huitoto (mee-nee-kah wee-toh-toh) is one of three indigenous American Huitoto languages of the Witotoan family spoken by a few thousand speakers in western South America.
Idioma meneca
Minica Huitoto
Witoto minica
Huitoto, Minica
Hadza is a language isolate spoken by fewer than a thousand Hadza people along the shores of Lake Eyasi in Tanzania, the last full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa. Despite the small number of speakers, language use is vigorous, with most children learning it. Hadza has traditionally been grouped with Khoisan, largely on the basis of its use of clicks, but this classification is no longer generally accepted.
Hadza
Idioma hadza
Lingua hadza
Língua hadza
Hadza language
Hitu
Middle Hittite
Hittite, Middle
Huambisa, Huambiza, or Wambisa is the language of the native Huambisas of Perú. It is closely related to the Close to the Achuar-Shiwiar and Aguaruna languages. It has official standing in the area it is spoken.
Huambisa
Huambisa language
=/Hua
Huaulu
Ancient North Arabian is a language known from fragmentary inscriptions in modern day Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia, dating to between roughly the 6th century BC and the 6th century AD, all written in scripts derived from Epigraphic South Arabian. Pre-classical Arabic (or Old Arabic), the predecessor of Classical Arabic, seems to have coexisted with these languages in central and north Arabia. However, it remained spoken until it was first attested in an inscription in Qaryat Al-Faw (Qaryat Dhat Kahil) in the 1st century BC.
Frühnordarabische Sprache
Ancient North Arabian
North Arabian, Ancient
San Francisco Del Mar Huave
Huave, San Francisco Del Mar
Humene
Huachipaeri is a native language official in the area of its use in Perú. It is also known as Huachipaire, Wacipaire, and the derogatory: "Mashco".
Huachipaeri
Huachipaeri language
The Huilliche language (also known as Veliche and Huiliche) is an Araucanian language spoken (as of 1982) by about 2,000 ethnic Huilliche people in Chile. It is spoken in an area south of the area inhabited by the Mapuche, in the nation's Los Lagos and Los Ríos regions; and mountain valleys, between the city of Valdivia and south toward Chiloé Archipelago. Huilliche has a dialect called Tsesungún.
Chesungun
Huilliche
Idioma huilliche
Huilliche language
Huli is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by the Huli people of the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. It features a quindecimal (base-15) numeral system.
Huli
Huli language
Northern Guiyang Miao
Hmong, Northern Guiyang
Miao, Northern Guiyang
Northern Guiyang Hmong
Hulung
Hula
Hungana is an endangered Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Hungana
Hungana language
Hungarian ( ) is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group, spoken by the Hungarians. It is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, according to the number of native speakers. Hungarian is the official language of Hungary and is also spoken by Hungarian communities in the seven neighboring countries and by diaspora communities worldwide.
Hungarian
Ungarisch
hongrois
húngaro
ungherese
Hongrois
Hungarian language
Idioma húngaro
Lingua ungherese
Língua húngara
Ungarische Sprache
Hupa (native name: Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe') is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the Trinity valley in California by the Hupa (Natinixwe).
Hupa
hupa
Hupa language
Kanakanabu (also spelled Kanakanavu) is a Southern Tsouic language is spoken by the Kanakanabu, an indigenous people of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family.
Kanakanabu
Kanakanabu language
Tsat (also known as Utsat, Utset, Huihui, Hui, or Hainan Cham, Chinese: 回辉语/回輝語 Huíhuīyǔ) is a language spoken near Sanya, Hainan, China by the Utsuls. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is related to the Cham languages, originally from the coast of present-day Vietnam. Today, the language is spoken by 4,500 people in Yanglan (羊栏) and Huixin (回新), two villages on the outskirts of Sanya, Hainan.
Tsat
Tsat language
Halkomelem (also Halqeméylem in the Upriver dialect, Hulqumínum in the Island dialect, and Hunquminum in the Downriver dialect) is a language of the First Nations peoples of southeastern Vancouver Island from the west shore of Saanich Inlet northward beyond Nanoose Bay, and of the mainland around the Fraser River Delta upriver to Harrison Lake and the lower boundary of Fraser Canyon in British Columbia. In the classification of Salishan languages, Halkomelem is a member of the Central Salish branch. There are four other branches of the family: Tsamosan, Interior Salish, Bella Coola, and Tillamook. Speakers of the Central and Tsamosan languages are often identified in ethnographic literature as "Coast Salish."
Halkomelem
Halkomelem language
The Wastek (Huastec) language is a Mayan language of Mexico, spoken by the Huastecs living in rural areas of San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz. Though relatively isolated from them, it is related to the Mayan languages spoken further south and east in Mexico and Central America. According to the 2005 population census, there were about 150,000 speakers of Wastek in Mexico (some 90,000 in San Luis Potosi and some 50,000 in Veracruz). The language is called Teenek (with varying spellings) by its speakers, and this name has gained currency in Mexican national and international usage in recent years.
Huastec
Huastekisch
Huastèque
Idioma huasteco
Huastec language
Humla
Murui Huitoto - or simply Murui (also known as Bue and Witoto) is an indigenous American Huitoto language of the Witotoan family spoken by 2,900 of indigenous people in western South America alongside the Ampiyacu, Putumayo, and Napo rivers.
Língua murui huitoto
Murui Huitoto
Witoto murui
Huitoto, Murui
Murui Huitoto language
San Mateo Del Mar Huave
Huave, San Mateo Del Mar
Hukumina
Nüpode Huitoto or Nɨpode is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America. It has occasionally been referred to as Muinane Witoto, not to be confused with the related Muinane language.
Nüpode Huitoto
Witoto nipode
Huitoto, Nüpode
Nüpode Huitoto language
Hulaulá is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in Iranian Kurdistan. Most speakers now live in Israel. The name Hulaulá simply means Jewish. Speakers sometimes call their language Lishana Noshan or Lishana Akhni, both of which mean our language. To distinguish it from other dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Hulaulá is sometimes called Galiglu (mine-yours), demonstrating different use of prepositions and pronominal suffixes. Scholarly sources tend simply to call it Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic.
Hulaulá
Hulaulá language
Hunzib is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 1840 people in southern Dagestan, Other Tsezic languages include Tsez and Hinukh. Khwarshi was previously grouped together with Tsez and Hinukh instead of with Hunzib.
Hunzib
Língua hunzib
Hunzib language
Haitian Vodoun Culture Language is an unclassified language used in Haiti. It is also known as Langay and Langaj (meaning literally "language"). This language is used for religion, song, and dance purposes (it is used as a second language only). In addition to borrowings from Haitian Creole French, French, Wolof and other languages, it may also have loanwords from Amerindian languages.
Haitian Vodoun Culture Language
San Dionisio Del Mar Huave
Huave, San Dionisio Del Mar
Middle Mongolian is an ancient Mongolic language formerly spoken in the Mongol Empire and later on in Greater Mongolia during the 13th to at least the early 15th century.
Middle Mongolian
Middle Mongolian language
Mongolian, Middle
Haveke
The Hawu Havu language, historically Sawu and known to outsiders as Savu or Sabu (thus Havunese, Savunese, Sawunese), is the language of Savu Island in Indonesia and of Raijua Island off the western tip of Savu. Traditionally classified as a Sumba language in the Austronesian family, it may actually be a non-Austronesian (Papuan) language. (See Savu languages for details.) Dhao, once considered a dialect, is not mutually intelligible with Hawu.
Sabu
Hawu language
Santa María Del Mar Huave
Huave, Santa María Del Mar
Wané (Hwané, Ngwané) is a minor Kru language of Ivory Coast. Its is not close enough to its nearest relative, Bakwé, to be readily intelligible, though some young Wané speak that language.
Wané
Wané language
Hawaii Pidgin English, Hawaii Creole English, HCE, or simply Pidgin, is a creole language based in part on English used by many "local" residents of Hawaii. Although English and Hawaiian are the co-official languages of the state of Hawaii, Pidgin is used by many Hawaii residents in everyday conversation and is often used in advertising toward Hawaii residents. The new ISO 639-3 language code for Hawaii Pidgin (Hawaii Creole English) is hwc. In the Hawaiian language, "Hawaiian Creole English" is called "ōlelo pai ai," which literally means "pounding-taro language."
Créole hawaïen
Hawai'i Pidgin
Hawaii Creole English
Pidgin hawaiano
Creole English, Hawai'i
Hawai'i Creole English
Hawaiian Pidgin
Hwana (also known as Hwona, Hona, Tuftera, Fiterya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Hwana
Idioma hwana
Língua hwana
Hwana language
Hya is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and neighboring regions of Nigeria.
Hya
Hya language
Armenian
Armenisch
armenio
armeno
arménien
armênio
arménio
The Iaai language (pronounced ) is a language of Ouvéa Island, New Caledonia. Although it had only 1,500 speakers as of 1996, it is becoming taught in schools in New Caledonia in an effort to preserve it.
Iaai
Iaai language
Iatmül is perhaps the best known of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
Iatmul
Iatmül language
Iapama is the presumed language of an uncontacted people of Brazil. It is not known if they speak a distinct language.
Iapama
Iapama language
Purari is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Koriki, Evorra, Iai,Maipua and Namau. Namau is a colonial term which means "deaf (lit.), inattentive, or stupid (Williams 1924: 4)." Today people of the Purari Delta find this term offensive. F.E. Williams reports that the "[a]n interpreter suggests that by some misunderstanding the name had its origin in the despair of an early missionary, who, finding the natives turned a deaf ear to his teaching, dubbed them all Namau." (Williams 1924: 4). Koriki, Iai, and Maipua refer to self-defining groups that make up the six groups that today compose the people who speak Purari. Along with the Baroi (formerly known as the Evorra, which was the name of a village site), Kaimari and the Vaimuru, these groups speak mutually intelligible dialects of Purari.
Purari
Purari language
Kuanhua
The Iban language (jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, a branch of the Dayak ethnic group formerly known as "Sea Dayak" who live in Sarawak, the Indonesian province of Kalimantan Barat and in Brunei. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family, and is related to Malay, more closely to Sarawakian Malay. The Iban language is also a subject tested in PMR and SPM, the Malaysian public examination for Form 3 and Form 5 students respectively. Students comment that questions from these exams mostly cover the classic Iban language, making them a daunting task for many who are more fluent in the contemporary tongue. The language is mostly taught to students in rural areas with a majority Iban population, including Baleh (Kapit), Betong, Saratok, Lubok Antu and Pelagus (Kapit).
Iban
iban
Iban language
Língua iban
Ibibio (proper) is the native language of the Ibibio people of southern Nigeria Nigeria. It is the official language of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria.
Ibibio
ibibio
Ibibio language
Língua ibibio
Iwaidja, in phonemic spelling Iwaja, is an Australian language with about 150 speakers in northernmost Australia. Historically from the base of the Cobourg Peninsula, it is now spoken on Croker Island. It is still being learned by children.
Iwaidja
Iwaidja language
Akpes is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria that forms an independent branch of the Volta–Niger languages.
Akpes
Akpes language
The Ibanag language (also Ybanag or Ibanak) is spoken by up to 500,000 speakers (the Ibanag people) in the Philippines, in the northeastern provinces of Isabela and Cagayan, especially in Tuguegarao City, Solana, Cabagan, and Ilagan and with overseas immigrants in countries located in the Middle East, UK and the U.S.A.. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon. Ibanag is derived from bannag river. It is closely related to Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
Ibanag
Ibanag language
Ibaloi
Agoi, or Ibami, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Agoi
Agoi language
Ngarigu
Ibino
Igbo (Igbo: Asụsụ Igbo), or Igbo proper, is a native language of the Igbo people, an ethnic group primarily located in southeastern Nigeria. There are approximately 20 million speakers that are mostly in Nigeria and are primarily of Igbo descent. Igbo is a national language of Nigeria. It is written in the Latin script, which was introduced by British colonialists. Secret societies such as the Ekpe use the Nsibidi symbols which were invented by the Ejagham and were used to represent other languages like Efik.
Igbo
ibo
igbo
Idioma igbo
Igbo language
Igbo-Sprache
Lingua igbo
Língua igbo
Ibuoro
Ibu
Ibani
Nganakarti
Ede Ica
Etkywan (Etekwe, Itchen) is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.
Etkywan
Etkywan language
The Icelandic sign language (íslenskt táknmál) is the sign language of the deaf community in Iceland. It is based on the Danish Sign Language; until 1910, deaf Icelandic people were sent to school in Denmark, but the languages have diverged since then. It is officially recognized by the state and regulated by a national committee.
Icelandic Sign Language
San Andrés–Providencia Creole is a Creole language spoken in the San Andrés and Providencia Department of Colombia by the natives (the Raizal ethnic group), very similar to the Miskito Coastal Creole spoken in Bluefields, the Corn Islands and the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua. Its vocabulary originates in English language, but it has its own phonetics and many expressions from Spanish and African dialects of the Kwa languages (Twi, Ewe and Ibi languages) among others. It is not just a dialect with different phonetics and syntax. It has its own grammar distinct from English and Spanish. The language is also known as "San Andrés Creole", "Bende", and "Islander Creole English".
Criollo sanandresano
Islander Creole English
Creole English, Islander
San Andrés–Providencia Creole
Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki
Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi
Northern Kankanay
Kankanay, Northern
Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese,Ceylonese Portuguese Creole or Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole (SLPC) is a language spoken in Sri Lanka. While the predominant languages of the island are Sinhala and Tamil, the interaction of the Portuguese and the Sri Lankans led to the evolution of a new language, Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole (SLPC), which flourished as a lingua franca on the island for over 350 years (16th to mid 19th centuries). SLPC continues to be spoken by an unknown, extremely small population. All speakers of SLPC are members of the Burgher community: descendents of the Portuguese and Dutch who originally founded families in Sri Lanka. Europeans, Eurasians, and Burghers account for 0.2% of the Sri Lankan population. Though only a small group of people actually continue to speak SLPC, the Portuguese cultural traditions are still in wide practice by the mainstream Sri Lankans who are neither of Portuguese descent nor Roman Catholics.
Indo-Portuguese
Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
Idon
Ajiya
Ede Idaca
Idere
Idi is a language of the South-Central Papuan group, spoken by about 1,610 people Tame refers to a variety distinct from Idi.
Idi
Idi language
Ido is a language created with the goal of becoming a universal second language for speakers of diverse linguistic backgrounds. Ido was specifically designed to be grammatically, orthographically, and lexicographically regular, and above all easy to learn and use. In this sense, Ido is classified as a constructed international auxiliary language.
Ido
ido
Ido-Sprache
Lingua ido
Indri (Yanderika, Yandirika) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan.
Indri
Indri language
Santiago Xanica Zapotec
Zapotec, Santiago Xanica
Idesa
Anglo-Norman, also known as Anglo-Norman French, is the name traditionally given to the dialect of the Old Norman language used in England, and to some extent elsewhere in the British Isles, during the Anglo-Norman period. This dialect is closely related to Old French and is sometimes referred to generically as simply French.
Anglo-Norman
Anglonormannische Sprache
Anglo-normand
Anglo-normando
Lingua anglo-normanna
Língua anglo-normanda
Anglo-Norman language
Idaté
The Idoma is an official language spoken in central Nigeria by nearly a million people.
Idoma
Idoma language
Amganad Ifugao
Ifugao, Amganad
Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Ifugao Province of the northern valleys Philippines, closely related to Bontok and Kankanai. It is a dialect cluster, and its four main varieties—such as Tuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.
Batad Ifugao
Ayangan Ifugao
Ifugao language
Ifugao, Ayangan
Ifugao, Batad
Ifè (or Ifɛ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by approximately 182,000 people in Togo and Benin. It is also known as Ana, Ana-Ifé, Anago, Baate and Ede Ife. It has a lexical similarity of 87%–91% with Ede Nago.
Ife
Ifè
Língua ife
Ifè language
Ifo
For the languages spoken in Kiangan Region, see Languages of Ifugao. Tuwali language is a native language indigenous to Ifugao. Mainly spoken in the whole province. Its only that it has different varieties that distinguishes the municipality.
Tuwali Ifugao
Ifugao, Tuwali
Tuwali language
Fuumu is a member of the Teke languages dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau. The two dialects, Fuumu (Ifuumu) and Wuumu (Iwuumu), are sometimes considered separate languages. They are sometimes considered part of South Teke.
Teke-Fuumu
Fuumu language
Mayoyao Ifugao
Ifugao, Mayoyao
Keley-I Kallahan
Kallahan, Keley-I
Ebira (Egbira) is a Nupoid language spoken by over a million people in the Kwara State, Nigeria.
Ebira
Língua ebira
Ebira language
Igede is an Idomoid language spoken in Benue State and Cross River State, Nigeria, by 250,000 people.
Igede
Igede language
Igana
Igala is a language of the Yoruboid branch of the Volta–Niger language family, spoken by the Igala ethnic group of Nigeria. In 1989, an estimated 800,000 spoke Igala, primarily in Kogi State, Delta State and Edo State. Dialects include Ebu, Idah, Ankpa, Dekina, Ogugu, Ibaji, Ife. The Agatu, Idoma, and Bassa people use Igala for primary school. Igala is related to Yoruba. The Igala language as well as Igala culture and tradition has influenced other languages and cultures around the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers
Igala
Igala language
Kanggape Igom is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. Together with Andarum, there were something over 2,000 speakers in 1981.
Kanggape
Kanggape language
Ignaciano
Kangri is a dialect spoken in northern India, predominantly in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, by the people of the Kangra Valley. It is an Indo-Aryan dialect, related to Dogri and classified as one of the Western Pahari (पहाड़ी) group of languages, with deep vocabulary impact from Punjabi, which is spoken to the west in the state of Punjab. Kangri, along with Dogri, has been classified as a dialect of Punjabi by linguists but since the 1960s, for political reasons, both have been promoted as dialects of a separate language group called Pahari.
Kangri
Kangri language
Isebe
Glosa is an international auxiliary language based on a previous draft auxiliary called Interglossa. As an isolating language, there are no inflections, so that words always remain in their dictionary form, no matter what function they have in the sentence. Consequently, grammatical functions, when not clear from the context, are taken over by a small number of operator words and by the use of word order (syntax).
Glosa
Interglossa
Igwe is an Edoid language of Edo State, Nigeria.
Igwe
Igwe language
Iha Based Pidgin
Ihievbe
Iha is a Papuan language spoken on the Bomberai Peninsula.
Iha
Iha language
The Gunai language (also spelt Gunnai, Ganai, Gaanay, Kurnai, Kurnay) is a dialect cluster of Indigenous Australian languages in Gippsland in south-east Victoria.
Bidhawal
Gunai language
Nuosu (Nosu), also known as Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi, and Sichuan Yi, is the prestige language of the Yi people; it has been chosen by the Chinese government as the standard Yi language (in Mandarin: Yí yǔ, 彝語/彝语) and, as such, is the only one taught in school, both in its oral and written form. It is spoken by two million people and is increasing; 60% are monolingual. Nuosu is the native Nuosu/Yi name for their own language and is not used in Mandarin Chinese; although it may sometimes be spelled out for pronunciation (nuòsū yǔ 诺苏语/諾蘇語), the Chinese characters for nuòsū have no meaning.
Nuosu
Sichuan Yi
sichuan yi
yi de Sichuan
Nuosu language
Yi, Sichuan
Thiin
Izon (Ịzọn), also known as (Central–Western) Ijo, Ijaw, Izo, and Uzo, is the dominant Ijaw language, spoken by a majority of the Ijaw people of Nigeria.
Izon
Izon language
Biseni (Buseni) is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria. According to Ethnologue, it is not fully intelligible with other varieties of Inland Ijaw.
Biseni
Biseni language
Kanashi
Ede Ije
Kalabari
Southeast Ijaw is an Ijaw language spoken in southern Nigeria. There are two dialects, Nembe (Nimbe) and Akassa (Akaha).
Southeast Ijo
Ijo, Southeast
Nembe language
Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian
Iko
Ika is a Niger–Congo language of the Igbo cluster, spoken by 22,772 people in Delta State, Nigeria.
Ika
Ikah
Ika language
The Kulu language, Ikulu, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Ikulu
Kulu language
Narragansett is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken in most of what is today Rhode Island by the Narragansett people. It was closely related to the other Algonquian languages of southern New England like Massachusett and Mohegan-Pequot. The earliest study of the language in English was by Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island colony, in his book A Key Into the Language of America (1643).
Narragansett
Narragansett language
Ikom, also known as Lulumo, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria. There are three varieties, Okuni, Olulumo, Ikom; Ikom is spoken by 80%.
Olulumo-Ikom
Ikom language
Ikpeshi
Ikaranggal
Inuinnaqtun
Inuktitut, Western Canadian
Western Canadian Inuktitut
Inuktitut (Inuktitut syllabics: ( )) or Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian Inuit language is the name of some of the Inuit languages spoken in Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the tree line, including parts of the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Québec, to some extent in northeastern Manitoba as well as the territories of Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and traditionally on the Arctic Ocean coast of Yukon.
Inukitut
Inuktitut
inuktitut
Lenguas inuit
Lingua inuktitut
Língua inuktitut
Iku-Gora-Ankwa
Ikwerre, also spelt as Ikwere, is a language spoken primarily by the Ikwerre people who inhabit Rivers State, Nigeria. According to a 1973 SIL International report, the number of Ikwerre speakers is estimated at 200,000. By taking into consideration the population of the four Ikwerre local governments (Port Harcourt, Emohua, Obia/Akpor and Ikwerre), this figure may extend to a little over a million speakers as per the 2006 National Population Commission census.
Ikwere
Ikwerre language
The Ik language, also known as Icetot, Icietot, Ngulak, or (derogatory) Teuso, Teuth, are one of the Kuliak languages of northeastern Uganda. The Ik people have a positive attitude toward their language, which is increasing; with Tepes being moribund, Ik may soon be the sole remaining language of its family.
Icetot
Ik language
Ikizu
Ile Ape
Ila, or Lundwe (Chiila, Shukulumbwe), is a Bantu language of Zambia.
Ila
Lundwe language
Nukunul
The language Occidental, later Interlingue, is a planned language created by the Balto-German naval officer and teacher Edgar de Wahl and published in 1922.
Interlingue
Occidental
interlingue
Idioma occidental
Occidental language
Garig-Ilgar
Ilgar language
Ili Turki is a Turkic language spoken primarily in China. There were approximately 120 speakers of this language as of 1982.
Ili Turki
Ili turki
Ili Turki language
It is believed the Language to be associated with the headhunting goat people of buttasstrillia. Ilongot is a native dialect of the indigenous Ilongot people of northern Luzon, Philippines. The language is Austronesian and has been characterized as possessing three dialects.
Ilongot
Ilongot language
Iranun
Nyiyaparli
Ilokano or Ilocano (Ilocano: Ti Pagsasao nga Iloco; also Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, Iloco, Ylocano, and Yloco) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines.
Ilokano
Iloko
ilocano
ilokano
Idioma ilocano
Ilocano
Ilokano language
Ilokano-Sprache
Lingua ilokano
International Sign (IS) (also Gestuno, International Sign Language (ISL), International Sign Pidgin and International Gesture (IG) ) is an international auxiliary language sometimes used at international meetings such as the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) congress, events such as the Deaflympics, and informally when travelling and socialising. It can be seen as a kind of pidgin sign language, which is not as conventionalised or complex as natural sign languages and has a limited lexicon.
Gestuno
International Sign
Langue des signes internationale
Ili'uun
Ilue
Talur
Kenzi
Mattoki
Mala Malasar
Malasar, Mala
Imeraguen
Anamgura is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Anamgura
Anamgura language
Miluk, also known as Lower Coquille from its location, is one of two Coosan languages. It shares more than half of its vocabulary with Coos proper (Hanis), though these are not always obvious, and grammatical differences cause the two languages to look quite different. Miluk started being displaced by Athabascan in the late 18th century, and many Miluk shifted to Athabascan and Hanis.
Miluk
Miluk language
Imonda
Imbongu
Imroing
Tongan (lea fakatonga) is an Austronesian language spoken in Tonga. It has around 200,000 speakers and is a national language of Tonga. It is a VSO (verb–subject–object) language.
Tongaisch
tongano
tongan
tonga
Tongaische Sprache
Tonga (Tonga Islands)
Tongan
Tongan language
Idioma tongano
Tonguien
tongan (Îles Tonga)
tongien
Lingua tongana
Língua tonganesa
tonganês
Marsi is the Latin exonym for a people of ancient Italy, whose chief centre was Marruvium, on the eastern shore of Lake Fucinus, drained for agricultural land in the late 19th century. The area in which they lived is now called Marsica. During the Roman Republic the people of the region spoke a language now termed Marsian in scholarly English. It is attested by several inscriptions and a few glosses. The Linguist List classifies it as one of the Umbrian Group of languages.
Marser
Marses
Marsi
Marsos
Marsian
O'chi'chi'
Milyan
Interlingua (; ISO 639 language codes ia, ina) is an international auxiliary language (IAL), developed between 1937 and 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). It ranks among the top three most widely used IALs (after Esperanto and perhaps Ido), and is the most widely used naturalistic IAL: in other words, its vocabulary, grammar and other characteristics are largely derived from natural languages. Interlingua was developed to combine a simple, mostly regular grammar with a vocabulary common to the widest possible range of languages, making it unusually easy to learn, at least for those whose native languages were sources of Interlingua's vocabulary and grammar. Conversely, it is used as a rapid introduction to many natural languages. though it is actively spoken by only a few hundred. The immediate comprehension of Interlingua, in turn, makes it unusually easy to learn. Speakers of other languages can also learn to speak and write Interlingua in a short time, thanks to its simple grammar and regular word formation using a small number of roots and affixes.
Interlingua
Interlíngua
interlingua
Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
interlingua (langue auxiliaire internationale)
interlíngua
Inga
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardized form of the Riau dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries.
Indonesian
Indonesisch
indonesiano
indonesio
indonésien
indonésio
Idioma indonesio
Indonesian language
Indonésien
Lingua indonesiana
Língua indonésia
Malaiische Sprache#Geschichte
The Deg Xinag language is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Deg Hit’an peoples in Shageluk and Anvik and at Holy Cross along the lower Yukon River in Alaska. The language is nearly extinct, as most people are shifting to English.
Deg hit'an
Degexit'an
Idioma deg xinag
Deg Xinag language
Ingush is a language spoken by about 413,000 people (2002), known as the Ingush, across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Kazakhstan and Russia. In Ingush, the language is called ГІалгІай Ğalğaj (pronounced ).
Ingouche
Inguschisch
Ingush
inguche
ingush
Idioma ingusetio
Inguschische Sprache
Ingush language
Lingua inguscia
Língua inguche
ingouche
Tilquiapan Zapotec (Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiapan) is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.
Coatlán Zapotec
Tilquiapan Zapotec
Zapotec, Coatlán
Jungle Inga
Inga, Jungle
Kokoda is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. The three dialects—Kokoda proper, Kasuweri, and Tarof—are divergent enough to sometimes be considered separate languages.
Kokoda
Kokoda language
Indonesian Sign Language or Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO), is used in Indonesia, at least on the islands of Java and Bali.
Indonesian Sign Language
Língua de sinais indonésia
The Minaean (or, to be exact, Madhabic) language was an Old South Arabian ("Sayhadic") language spoken in Yemen between 1200 BC and AD 100. The main area of its use may be localized in al-Jawf part of North-East Yemen, first of all in the Wadi Madhab. Most of the texts in this language were composed by the Minaeans, but the other civil-temple communities of the Wadi Madhab (Nashshan, Kaminahu, Haram, and Inabba') also used this language.
Minaean
Minaean language
Isinai
Inoke-Yate
Iñapari is a critically endangered indigenous South American language spoken by just two hundred people in Perú along the Las Piedras river near the mouth of the Sabaluyoq river. The language is already extinct in neighboring Bolivia. All forty remaining speakers are bilingual in Spanish and none have any children, which will likely lead to its extinction once the speakers die. The Iñapari language currently has a published dictionary.
Inapari
Iñapari
Iñapari language
Indian Sign Language
There are a number of mutually intelligible Burmese dialects in the Burmese language, with a largely uniform standard dialect used by most Burmese speakers, who live throughout the Irrawaddy River valley and more distinctive non-standard dialects that emerge as one toward peripheral areas of the country. These dialects include Palaw, Beik/Myeik (Merguese), and Dawei (Tavoyan) in Taninthayi Division, Yaw in Magway Division, Intha and Danu in Shan State, Rakhine (Arakanese) in Rakhine State and Marma in Bangladesh. Despite vocabulary and pronunciation differences, there is mutual intelligibility among Burmese dialects, as for the most part, they share the same four tones, consonant clusters and the Burmese script. However, several dialects differ in Burmese with respect to vocabulary, lexical particles, and rhymes.
Intha
Burmese dialects
Ineseño
Inor (pronounced ), sometimes called Ennemor, is a Semitic language spoken in central Ethiopia, mainly within the Gurage Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, and by speakers of the language who have settled in Ethiopian cities, especially Addis Ababa. In addition to the morphological complexity that is common to all Semitic languages, Inor exhibits the very complex morphophonology characteristic of West Gurage languages.
Inor
Língua inor
Inor language
Tuma-Irumu
Chiwere (also called Iowa-Otoe-Missouria or Báxoje-Jíwere-Ñút’achi) is a Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the midwest and plains. The language is closely related to Ho-Chunk, also known as Winnebago. Christian missionaries first documented Chiwere in the 1830s, but since then virtually nothing has been published about the language. Chiwere suffered a steady decline after extended European-American contact in the 1850s, and by 1940 the language had almost totally ceased to be spoken.
Iowa-Oto
Iowa-oto
Chiwere language
Soga
soga
Ipili
Inupiak
Inupiaq
inupiak
inupiaq
inupiaque
Ipiko (Epai, Higa, Ipikoi) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, the most divergent of the Inland Gulf languages. Despite being spoken by only a few hundred people, language use is vigorous.
Ipiko
Ipiko language
Iquito (pronounced ) is a highly endangered Zaparoan language from Peru using the Roman script. Iquito is one of 3 surviving Zaparoan languages; the other two being Záparo, with 1-3 speakers, and Arabela with about 75 speakers. The other four Zaparoan languages, Andoa, Omurano, Aushiri, and Cahuarano. Of the ethnic Iquito population of 500, as of 2006, there are 25 fluent or native speakers, all of whom are over 55 years old, and about 25 partial or passive speakers, all of whom are over the age of 25. Iquito is spoken in the Loreto Province, the regions of the Pintoyacu, Nanay, and Chambira rivers, and the villages of San Antonia and Atalaya. Iquito is also known by the names of Iquita, Ikito, Amacacore, Hamacore, Quiturran, and Puca-Uma, though Iquito is the most common title. It is used as an official language of Peru, though the few speakers are older adults, the youngest being 52 as of 2002.
Idioma iquito
Iquito
Iquito language
Ikwo
Iresim (Yerisiam) is an Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages.
Iresim
Iresim language
Irarutu, or Kasira, is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of New Guinea.
Irarutu
Irarutu language
The Rigwe language, Irigwe, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Irigwe
Rigwe language
Not to be confused with Iroquois language. Iraqw is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Arusha and Manyara Regions. It is expanding in numbers, as the Iraqw people absorb neighboring ethnic groups. The language has a large number of Datooga loanwords, especially in poetic language. The Gorowa language to the south shares numerous similarities and is sometimes considered a dialect.
Iraqw
Iraqw language
Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranshe), also known as Münkü (Mỹky), is an indigenous American language that is spoken in Mato Grosso, Brazil by about 200 people. It is generally left unclassified due to lack of data. Ethnologue (2000) idiosyncratically assigns it to the Arawakan family, but there is no published account to back this up (Fabre 2005). The most recent descriptions treat it as a language isolate, saying that it "bears no similarity with other language families" (Arruda 2003), though this may not be based on new data (Monserrat 2010).
Idioma irantxe
Irántxe
Irantxe language
Ir (also known as In or Yir) is a language spoken by a few thousand people in the east of Salavan Province, southern Laos. One of the Ta'oih languages, it is most closely related to Ong.
Idioma ir
Ir language
Kominimung
Irula is a Dravidian language spoken by the Irulas who inhabit the area of the Nilgiri mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, India.
Irula
Irula language
Kamberau
The Iraya language is a language spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines.
Iraya
Iraya language
Isabi (Maruhia) is a minor Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Isabi
Isabi language
Isconahua or Iscobaquebu is an indigenous American language of the Panoan family. It is spoken by the Isconahua tribe in Peru. The Isconahua is a very isolated tribe and has very little contact with the outside world. As of 2000, there were 82 speakers.
Isconahua
Isconahua language
The Isnag language (also known as Isneg) is a language spoken by around 55,000 Isnags of the Apayao Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the northern Philippines. Around 85% of Isnags are capable of reading the Isnag language. Many Isnag speakers also use Ilocano.
Isnag
Isnag language
Italian Sign Language or ISL (Lingua dei Segni Italiana, or LIS) is the visual language employed by deaf people in Italy. Deep analysis of it began in the 1980s, along the lines of William Stokoe's research on American Sign Language in the 1960s. Until recently, most of the studies about Italian Sign Language have dealt with its phonology and vocabulary. According to the European Union for the Deaf, the majority of the 60,000 Deaf use ISL.
Italian Sign Language
Lingua dei segni italiana
Xokleng is a Ge language of Brazil.
Xokleng
Xokleng language
Irish Sign Language (ISL, ) is the sign language of Ireland, used primarily in the Republic of Ireland. It is also used in Northern Ireland, though British Sign Language (BSL) is also used. Irish Sign Language is more closely related to French Sign Language than to British Sign Language, which was first used in Dublin, Ireland. It has influenced sign languages in Australia and South Africa, and has little relation to either spoken Irish or English.
Irish Sign Language
Langue des signes irlandaise
Esan is a tonal Edoid language of Nigeria. Dictionaries and grammar texts of the Esan language are being produced, which may help the Esan appreciate their written language. There is a high level of illiteracy among the Esan, and a large number of dialects, including Ẹkpoma, Ewohimi, Ẹkpọn, and Ohordua. Most annual Esan Kings' Council meetings are largely conducted in English for this reason.
Esan
Esan language
Isibiri is an Ekoid language of Nigeria. There are two somewhat distinct dialects, Nkem and Nkum.
Nkem-Nkum
Nkem-Nkum language
The Ishkashimi language is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan and Chitral region of Pakistan.
Ishkashimi
Ishkashimi language
Icelandic is a North Germanic language, the main language of Iceland. Its closest relative is Faroese.
Icelandic
Islandais
Isländisch
islandese
islandés
islandês
Icelandic language
Idioma islandés
Isländische Sprache
Lingua islandese
Língua islandesa
islandais
Masimasi
Isanzu is a Bantu language of spoken by the Isanzu people south of Lake Eyasi in Tanzania.
Isanzu
Isanzu language
The Isoko language is spoken in the Isoko region, Nigeria, by the Isoko people. It is linguistically similar to the neighboring Urhobo language, Epie atissa language of Bayelsa state and Engenni language of Rivers state.
Isoko
Isoko language
Israeli Sign Language, or ISL, is the most commonly used sign language in the deaf community of Israel. Some other sign languages are also used in Israel, among them Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language.
Israeli Sign Language
Istriot is a Romance language spoken in the Western Region on the coast of the Istrian Peninsula, especially in the towns of Rovinj and Vodnjan , on the upper northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in Croatia.
Idioma istriano
Istriot
Istriote
Istriotische Sprache
Lingua istriota
Língua istriota
Istriot language
Isu
Isu (Menchum Division)
The Komo language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Komo people of Ethiopia, Sudan and Southern Sudan. It is a member of the Koman languages. The language is also called Madiin, Koma, South Koma, Central Koma and Hayahaya.
Komo
Komo (Sudan)
Komo language
Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardised Italian and other regional languages.
Italian
Italien
Italienisch
italiano
Idioma italiano
Italian language
Italienische Sprache
Lingua italiana
Língua italiana
italien
Binongan Itneg
Itneg, Binongan
Itene was a language of the Guapore branch of Chapacuran.
Itene
Itene language
Inlaod Itneg
Itneg, Inlaod
Judeo-Italian languages are the varieties of Italian used between the 10th and the 20th centuries in Italy, Corfu and Zante.
Giudeo-italiano
Judeo-Italian
Lenguas judeo-italianas
Judeo-Italian languages
Itelmen, also known as Western Itelmen and formerly known as Kamchadal, is a language belonging to the Chukotko-Kamchatkan family traditionally spoken in the Kamchatka Peninsula. Fewer than a hundred native speakers, mostly elderly, in a few settlements in the southwest of Koryak Autonomous Okrug, remained in 1993. The 2002 Census counted 3,180 ethnic Itelmen, virtually all of whom are now monolingual in Russian. However, there are attempts to revive the language, and it is being taught in a number of schools in the region.
Idioma itelmen
Itelmen
Itelmenische Sprache
Itelmène
Língua itelmen
Itelmen language
Itu Mbon Uzo
Itonama is a moribund language isolate spoken in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. Greenberg’s (1987) classification of Itonama as Paezan, a sub-branch of Macro-Chibchan, remains unsupported and Itonama continues to be considered an isolate or unclassified language.
Idioma itonama
Itonama
Itonama language
Iteri is a Left May language of New Guinea, in the Rocky Peak Mountains of Sandaun Province. There are about 475 speakers in all.
Iteri
Iteri language
Isekiri
Itsekiri
Itsekiri language
Maeng Itneg
Itneg, Maeng
Itawis, Itawit, or Tawit, is a Northern Philippine language which has close relationships to Ibanag, Ilocano, and other languages of the same order. Unlike the rest of Philippine languages, Itawit and its kin use the consonants z,f,j (spelled like dy but sounds like j) and v. For example, fefeg-fan, madyan-maid, kazzing-goat, and bavi-pig.
Itawit
Itawis language
Ito
Konkomba (Kom Komba, Kpankpam) is a Gurma language spoken in northern Ghana and Togo. It is an SVO language.
Konkomba
Konkomba language
Itik
Moyadan Itneg
Itneg, Moyadan
Itza' (also Itza, Petén Itzá Maya) is one of the Yucatecan branch of the Mayan languages. The other languages in the Yucatecan branch are Yucatec, Lakantun, and Mopan.
Idioma itzá
Itzá
Itzá-Sprache
Língua itzá
Maya itzá
Itza’ language
Iu Mien
Mien, Iu
Ibatan
The Ivatan language, also known as Ibatan (though in ISO classification Ibatan is reserved for a closely related language spoken in the Babuyan Islands, which is assigned the code [ivb] as opposed to [ivv]) or Chirin nu Ibatan (meaning, "language or dialect of the Ivatan people"), is an Austronesian language spoken exclusively in the Batanes Islands. Despite the islands' closer proximity to Taiwan than Luzon, it is important to not group the language with Formosan languages, which in fact includes ten of eleven sub-families of the Austronesian language family, whereas Ivatan is included with other Philippine languages in the Malayo-Polynesian sub-family of the Austronesian language family, an immense group of 1248 languages not restricted to the languages of the Philippines, but, as the name suggests, includes Malayic and Oceanic languages.
Ivatan
Ivatan language
I-Wak
Iwam or May River Iwam is a language of Papua New Guinea spoken in Sandaun Province.
Iwam
Iwam language
Iwur
Sepik Iwam
Iwam, Sepik
Ixcatec, also known as Xwja, is a language spoken by the people of the Mexican village of Santa María Ixcatlan, in the northern part of the state of Oaxaca. The Ixcatec language belongs to the Popolocan branch of the Oto-manguean language family.
Idioma ixcateco
Ixcatec
Ixcatèque
Ixcatec language
Ixil is a Mayan language. It is the primary language of the Ixil Community -- the three villages of San Juan Cotzal, Santa Maria Nebaj, and San Gaspar Chajul -- in the highlands of Guatemala. Possibly it is three different languages.
Idioma ixil
Ixil
Ixil-Sprache
Língua ixil
Ixil language
Xukurú
Iyayu (Idoani) is an Edoid language of Ondo State, Nigeria. It is sometimes considered the same language as Uhami.
Iyayu
Iyayu language
Mesaka, or Ugarə, is a divergent Tivoid language of Cameroon.
Mesaka
Mesaka language
Yaka (Congo)
The Ingrian language (also called Izhorian) is a Finnic language spoken by the (mainly orthodox) Izhorians of Ingria. It has approximately 500 speakers left, most of whom are aging. It should not be confused with the Southeastern dialects of the Finnish language that became the majority language of Ingria in the 17th century with the influx of Lutheran Finnish immigrants (whose descendants, Ingrian Finns, are often referred to as Ingerians). The immigration of Lutheran Finns was promoted by Swedish authorities (who gained the area in 1617 from Russia), as the local population was (and remained) orthodox.
Idioma ingrio
Ingrian
Ingrien
Ischorische Sprache
Ingrian language
Izi (or Izzi) is an Igbo dialect spoken in Ebonyi state in Nigeria by approximately 200,000 people, or 600,000 including the closely related to Ikwo, Ezza, and Mgbo, which form a dialect cluster known as Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo. This language will be referred to simply as Izi.
Izi language
Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo
Izere
Izii
Kopar is a Lower Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Kopar
Kopar language
Jamamadi (also Jamamadí, Yamamadí, Yamamandi, Yamadi, Madi, Kapaná, Canamanti, Yamamadi, Kanamanti) is an Arawan language spoken by about 200 Jamamadi people scattered over Amazonas, Brazil.
Jamamadí
Jamamadí language
Hyam, or Jabba, is a regionally important dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria. Hyam of Nok is the prestige dialect. Blench (2008) treats it, Sait, and Dzar as distinct languages, and notes that Yaat and Ankun may also be separate.
Hyam
Hyam language
Popti'
Jakalteko
Jahanka
Yabem or Jabêm is an Austronesian language spoken natively (in 1978) by about 2000 people at the southern tip of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. However, Yabem was adopted as local lingua franca for evangelical and educational purposes by the German Lutheran missionaries who first arrived at Simbang, a Yabem-speaking village, in 1886.
Yabem
Yabem language
Jara, also known as Jera, is a Nigerian language spoken by 46,251 people as of the year 2000. It is spoken in Borno and Gombei States, and in the Bui, Kwaya-Kusar, Akko, and Yamaltu-Deba LGAs. It is an Afro-Asiatic language, in the Biu–Mandara language family. Jara's usage is declining; it is slowly being displaced by the more common Fulfulde and Hausa languages.
Jara
Jara language
Jah Hut (Jah Het) is an Aslian Austro-Asiatic language spoken in Peninsular Malaysia by approximately 5,100 people.
Jah Hut
Jah hut
Jah Hut language
Zazao
Jakun is an Austronesian language spoken in Malaysia. Specifically it is spoken on the east coast and inland of Peninsular Malaysia, around the Pairang River, from Pekan in Pahang to Sri Gading, east to Benut, northwest to middle Muar river area around the districts of Segamat, Muar and Ledang in Johor. There are over 27,000 speakers.
Jakun
Jakun language
Yalahatan
Jamaican Patois, known locally as Patois (Patwa) or Jamaican, and called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is an English-lexified creole language with West African influences spoken primarily in Jamaica and the Jamaican diaspora. It is not to be confused with Jamaican English nor with the Rastafarian use of English. The language developed in the 17th century, when slaves from West and Central Africa were exposed to, learned and nativized the vernacular and dialectal forms of English spoken by their masters: British English, Scots and Hiberno English. Jamaican Patois features a creole continuum (or a linguistic continuum) —meaning that the variety of the language closest to the lexifier language (the acrolect) cannot be distinguished systematically from intermediate varieties (collectively referred to as the mesolect) nor even from the most divergent rural varieties (collectively referred to as the basilect). Jamaicans themselves usually refer to their dialect as patois, a French term without a precise linguistic definition.
Creolo giamaicano
Créole jamaïcain
Jamaican Patois
Jamaikanisch-Kreolische Sprache
Patois jamaiquino
Patoá jamaicano
Creole English, Jamaican
Jamaican Creole English
Korubo
Jandai
The Yanyuwa (also Yanyula, Anyula) language is spoken by the Yanyuwa people around the settlement of Borroloola (Yanyuwa burrulula) in the Northern Territory, Australia.
Idioma yanyuwa
Língua yaniuwa
Yanyuwa
Yanyuwa language
Yaqay (Yaqai, Jakai, Jaqai) is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea by over ten thousand people. It's also called Mapi or Sohur; dialects are Oba-Miwamon, Nambiomon-Mabur, Bapai.
Yaqay
Yaqay language
New Caledonian Javanese
Javanese, New Caledonian
The Jakati language is spoken in Ukraine and Afghanistan by around 30,000 people. It is related to Western Punjabi
Jakati
Jakati language
The Yaur language, or Jaur, is a language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) branch of the Austronesian family spoken in Irian Jaya. It has about 300 speakers.
Yaur
Yaur language
Javanese
Javanisch
giavanese
javanais
javanés
javanês
Kowaki
Jambi Malay is a variant of the Malay language spoken in the Jambi province of Indonesia.
Jambi Malay
Malay, Jambi
Yan-nhaŋu (alternatively Yan-nhangu, Yanhangu, Jarnango) is an indigenous Australian language spoken by about 15 people the traditional owners of the seas and Crocodile Islands, off the coast of the Northern Territory. The Yan-nhaŋu language belongs to the Yolŋu Matha language group of the Yolŋu people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia.
Yan-nhangu
Yan-nhangu language
Jawe
Judeo-Berber is a term used primarily for the Berber varieties traditionally spoken by the Jewish communities of certain parts of central and southern Morocco. Speakers emigrated to Israel in the 1950s and 1960s. While mutually comprehensible with the Tamazight spoken by most inhabitants of the area (Galand-Pernet et al. 1970:14), these dialects are distinguished by the use of Hebrew loanwords and the pronunciation of š as s (as in many Jewish Moroccan Arabic dialects).
Judeo-Berber
Judeo-Bereber
Judeu-berbere
Judäo-Berberische Sprache
Judéo-berbère
Judeo-Berber language
Badjiri
Arandai
Barikewa
Pirriya
Nafusi (also spelled Nefusi, Berber name: Maziɣ or Tanfusit) is the Berber language of the Nafusa Mountains (Drar n infusen), a large area in northwestern Libya. This variety of the Berber language is spoken by the Ibadite communities around Jadu, Nalut (Lalut), and Yafran. According to the Ethnologue, it has some 184,000 speakers in Libya (controversially including Zuara Berber.) The dialect of Yefren in the east differs somewhat from that of Nalut and Jadu in the west. A number of Old Nafusi phrases appear in Ibadite manuscripts as early as the 12th century, representing some of the earliest manuscript records of Berber.
Lingua nefusi
Nafusi
Nafusi language
Lojban (pronounced ) is a constructed, syntactically unambiguous human language based on predicate logic, succeeding the project of Loglan. The name "Lojban" is a combination of loj and ban, which are short forms of logji (logic) and bangu (language), respectively.
Lojban
lojban
Lingua lojban
Jofotek-Bromnya
Djeoromitxi or Jabutí is an nearly extinct Yabutian language that as of 1990 was spoken by only five people in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco.
Jabutí
Lenguas yabutí
Língua jabuti
Djeoromitxi language
Jukun (Njikum), or more precisely Jukun Takum, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon used as a trade language in Nigeria. Though there are only a few thousand native speakers, and only a dozen in Nigeria (as of 2000), it is spoken as a second language in Nigeria by tens of thousands (40,000 reported in 1979).
Jukun Takum
Jukun Takum language
Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe.
Lingua pecenega
Pecheneg
Petchénègue
Pecheneg language
Yawijibaya
Jamaican Country Sign Language
The Krymchak language (кърымчах тыльы) is a Turkic language spoken in Crimea by the Krymchak people. It is often considered to be a Crimean Tatar dialect. The language is sometimes referred to as Judeo-Crimean Tatar.
Krimtschakische Sprache
Krymchak
Lingua krymchak
Krymchak language
Jad
Jadgali
Juhuri, Juwuri or Judæo-Tat (çuhuri / жугьури / ז'אוּהאוּראִ) is a form of the Tat language and is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
Judeo-Tat
Juhuri
Juhuri language
Jebero (Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) is an indigenous American language spoken by the Jebero people of Peru. It is only spoken by older adults, though there is interest in reviving the language.
Jebero
Jebero language
Jerung
Jeng (or Cheng) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by over seven thousand people in Attopu Province, southern Laos.
Jeng
Jeng language
Jeh (also known as Die or Gie) is a language spoken by more than fifteen thousand people in Vietnam. There are also several thousand speakers in the provinces of Xekong and Attapu in Laos.
Jeh
Jeh language
Yey (Yei, Jei, Je, Yei-Nan) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The Upper and Lower Yey dialects are only mutually intelligible with difficulty.
Yei
Yei language
Jeri Kuo
San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec
Zapotec, San Vicente Coatlán
Yelmek (Jelmik) is a language of the proposed South-Central Papuan family in West Papua.
Yelmek
Yelmek language
Liberia Kpelle
Kpelle, Liberia
Dza, Jen, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Dza
Jen
Jen language
Jere
Manem
Jonkor Bourmataguil (also known as Djongor Bourmataguil, Dougne, Karakir) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Chad.
Jonkor Bourmataguil
Jonkor Bourmataguil language
Ngbee is an extinct Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. Guthrie assigned to the Nyali cluster. Ethnologue leaves it unclassified.
Ngbee
Ngbee language
Judaeo-Georgian (also known as Kivruli and Gruzinic) is the traditional language spoken by the Georgian Jews, the ancient Jewish community of the Caucasus nation of Georgia.
Giudeo-georgiano
Gruzínico
Judeo-Georgian
Judäo-Georgisch
Judaeo-Georgian
Gwak
Ngomba
The Phrygian language was the Indo-European language of the Phrygians, spoken in Asia Minor during Classical Antiquity (ca. 8th century BC to 5th century AD).
Phrygische Sprache
Idioma frigio
Lingua frigia
Língua frígia
Phrygian
Phrygian language
Jahai (Jehai) is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language spoken in Malaya. The small number of speakers is increasing.
Jehai
Jehai language
Jhankot Sign Language is an indigenous sign language of the village of Jhankot in western Nepal. The Deaf make up 10% of the village, and Jhankot SL is widely known by the hearing community.
Jhankot Sign Language
Jina (Zina) is a minor Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon. The Muxule variety may be a distinct language.
Jina
Jina language
Jibu is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.
Jibu
Jibu language
(Eastern) Jicaque, also known as Tol, Tolupan, and Torupan, is a language spoken by some 300 Tolupan people in La Montaña del Flor, Honduras. In the 16th century it extended to cover much of western Yoro. There are two Tolan languages, Eastern Jicaque or Tol and Western Jicaque, which had been spoken around El Palmar, Deptment of Cortés, but which is now extinct. These are close enough to be considered dialects of a single language by some linguists.
Jicaquean
Langues jicaques
Lenguas jicaque-tol
Tol
Jicaque language
Jilbe (also known as Zoulbou) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in a single village in Borno State, Nigeria.
Jilbe
Jilbe language
Jingulu is an Australian language spoken by the Jingili people in the Northern Territory of Australia, historically around the township of Elliot. It is an endangered language with only between 10 and 15 speakers in 1997,
Djingili
Jingulu language
sTodsde
Shangzhai
Jiiddu (also known as Jiddu, Af-Jiiddu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Somalia in the Lower Shabeelle Bay and Middle Jubba regions.
Jiiddu
Jiiddu language
Jilim is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Jilim
Jilim language
Jimi (also known as Djimi, Jimjimen, 'Um Falin) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province on the Nigerian border in and around Bourrha. Dialects are Djimi, Jimo, Malabu, Wadi, and Zumo. ISO 639-3 refers to this Jimi as to distinguish it from the West Chadic Jimi (Nigeria).
Jimi
Jimi (Cameroon)
Jimi language
Jiamao is one of the Hlai languages of the Li people. In the 1980s it was spoken by 50,000 people in central and south-central Hainan Island, mostly in Jiamao Township, Baoting County. It shares less than half of its lexicon with standard Hlai. Graham Thurgood has suggested that Jiamao was originally a non-Hlai (possibly Austro-Asiatic) language.
Jiamao
Jiamao language
Lavrung is a Jiarongic language of China. It used to go by its Chinese name, Guanyinqiao, in Ethnologue.
Lavrung
Guanyinqiao
Lavrung language
Jita is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Jita
Jita language
Youle Jinuo
Jinuo, Youle
Pictish is a term used for the extinct language or languages thought to have been spoken by the Picts, the people of northern and central Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. The idea that a distinct Pictish language was perceived at some point is attested clearly in Bede's early 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, which names Pictish as a language distinct from both Welsh and Gaelic.
Idioma picto
Lingua pittica
Picte
Pictish
Línguas pictas
Pictish language
Shuar, also known as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, Shuara, or Xivaro, is a Jivaroan language spoken in the Southeastern jungle of the Morona-Santiago Province in Ecuador.
Idioma shuar
Shuar
Shuar language
Buyuan Jinuo
Jinuo, Buyuan
Bankal
Mobwa Karen
Karen, Mobwa
Kubo
Paku Karen
Karen, Paku
Koro is a possibly Tibeto-Burman language spoken by approximately 800–1,200 people in the East Kameng district at the western end of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Few speakers are under 20 years old. Although it has resemblances to Tani farther to the east, it appears to be at least a separate branch of Tibeto-Burman. Researchers hypothesize it may have originated from a group of people enslaved and brought to the area.
Idioma koro
Koro
Lingua Koro
Koro (India)
Koro language
Labir
Ngile, also Daloka (Taloka) [a dialect], is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. It is 80% lexically similar with Dengebu, which is also spoken by the Mesakin / Masakin people.
Ngile
Ngile language
Jamaican Sign Language
Dima
Zumbun (also Jimbin, Jimbinawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Zumbun
Zumbun language
The Machame language, Kimashame, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken by approximately 300,000 Chaga people. It is spoken in the Chaga area of the Kilimanjaro region, and forms a dialect continuum with other Chaga languages.
Machame
machame
Machame language
Yamdena is an Austronesian language of the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.
Yamdena
Yamdena language
Jimi (also known as Bi-Gimu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Jimi village in Bauchi State, Nigeria. ISO 639-3 refers to this Jimi as to distinguish it from the Biu–Mandara Jimi (Cameroon).
Jimi (Nigeria)
Mpalitjanh
Jumli
Makuri Naga
Naga, Makuri
Kamara
Mashi
Mashi (Nigeria)
Mouwase
Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec
Mixtec, Western Juxtlahuaca
Jangshung
Kulino is a Panoan language of Brazil.
Kulina Pano
Kulino language
Pano, Kulina
Jandavra
Yangman
Janji
Yemsa is the language of the Yem people of the former Kingdom of Yamma, known as Kingdom of Janjero to the Amhara. It is a member of the Omotic group of languages, most closely related to Kaffa. It is distinctive in having a several levels of lexicon contingent on social hierarchy, rather like Japanese and Javanese. The estimated number of speakers varies wildly from about 1000 (Bender,1976) to half a million (Aklilu, 1993).
Yem
Yemsa
Yemsa language
Rawat (Raute), or "Janggali" (Jungle), is a possibly Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal, with maybe a thousand speakers in India. The name Rawat is cognate with Raute.
Rawat
Rawat language
Jaunsari
Joba
Wojenaka
Jorá
Jordanian Sign Language
Jowulu, also known as Jɔ or ambiguously as Samogho, is a minor Mande language of Mali.
Jowulu
Jowulu language
The Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, also called Galilean Aramaic, was a Western Aramaic language spoken by the Jews in Palestine in the early first millennium. Its closest relatives are the Samaritan Aramaic and Christian Palestinian Aramaic. The language is notable for being that spoken by Jesus.
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Jüdisch-Palästinisches Aramäisch
Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian
Pumpokol is one of the Yeniseian languages. It has been extinct since the 18th century.
Poumpokole
Pumpokol
Pumpokol language
Japanese
Japanisch
giapponese
japonais
japonés
japonês
Idioma japonés
Japanese language
Japanische Sprache
Japonais
Lingua giapponese
Língua japonesa
Judeo-Persian
Jüdisch-Persisch
giudeo persiano
judaico-persa
judeo-persa
judéo-persan
Jaqaru (Haq'aru) is a language of the Aymara family. It is also known as Jaqi and Aru. It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in the province of Yauyos, within the Peruvian department of Lima. Most of the 2000 ethnic Jaqaru have migrated to Lima.
Idioma jacaru
Jaqaru
Jaqaru language
The Jarai language is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Jarai people of Vietnam and Cambodia. The speakers of Jarai number approximately 332,557. They are the largest of the upland ethnic groups of Vietnam's Central Highlands known as Degar or Montagnards.
Jarai
Jaraï
Jarai language
The Judeo-Arabic languages (, ), are a continuum of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in the Arab world; the term also refers more or less to Classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. Just as with the rest of the Arab world, Arab Jews had different dialects depending on where they lived. This phenomenon may be compared to cases such as different forms of Yiddish (Judeo-German) such as Western Yiddish and Eastern Yiddish, or forms of Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) in areas such as the Balkans, Thessaloníki/Istanbul, Morocco, etc.
Giudeo-Arabo
Judeo-Arabic
Judeoárabe
Judäo-Arabisch
Judéo-arabe
judaico-arábico
Judeo-Arabic languages
Jüdisch-Arabisch
Línguas judaico-árabes
giudeo arabo
judeo-árabe
judéo-arabe
Jiru
Jorto is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Jorto
Jorto language
Japrería
Japanese Sign Language
Japanische Gebärdensprache
Língua de Sinais Japonesa
Júma
Wannu
Jurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.
Jurchen
Jurchen language
Kapinawâ is an extinct unclassified language of eastern Brazil.
Kapinawá
Kapinawá language
Worodougou
Hõne
Ngadjuri
Wapan or Jukun Wapan, also known as Wukari after the local town, is a major Jukunoid language of Nigeria.
Wapan
Wapan language
Jirel
Jumjum is a Luo language of South Sudan. It forms a dialect continuum with Mabaan.
Jumjum
Jumjum language
The Juang language is a language spoken primarily by the Juang people of eastern India.
Juang
Juang language
Jiba
Hupdë
The Jurúna language is spoken in Brazil. Specifically it is spoken in the North Mato Grosso, Xingú Park. In 2001 there were 278 native speakers.
Jurúna
Jurúna language
Jumla Sign Language is an indigenous sign language of the town of Jumla in western Nepal. Ethnologue reports that there is a Nepalese Sign Language school in Jumla, and that the students come from a 1–2-day walk away and do not speak Jumla Sign Language.
Jumla Sign Language
Pochutec is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language of the Nahuan (or Aztecan) branch which was spoken in and around the town of Pochutla on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. In 1917 it was documented in a monograph by Franz Boas, who considered the language nearly extinct. In the 1970s another investigator found two speakers around Pochutla who still remembered a few of the words recorded by Boas.
Idioma pochuteco
Pochutec
Pochutec language
Jutlandic or Jutish (Danish: jysk or, in old spelling, jydsk; ) is a term for the western dialects of Danish, spoken on the peninsula of Jutland.
Jutish
Juto
Jütisch
Jutlandic dialect
Ju is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria.
Ju language
Wãpha
Juray is a Munda language of India. It is very close to Sora.
Juray
Juray language
Javindo, also known by the pejorative name Krontjong, was a Dutch-based creole language spoken on Java, Indonesia. The name Javindo is a portmanteau of Java and Indo, the Dutch word for a person of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent. This contact language developed from communication between Javanese speaking mothers and Dutch speaking fathers in Indo families. Its main speakers were Indo Eurasian people. Grammar was based on Javanese while the vocabulary was based on Dutch. Dutch lexicon was pronounced in a Javanese manner.
Javindo
Javindo language
Caribbean Javanese
Javanese, Caribbean
Jwira and Pepesa are a pair of Central Tano dialects of Ghana.
Jwira-Pepesa
Jwira-Pepesa language
Jiarong (Gyarong, rGyalrong) is a Jiarongic dialect continuum of China.
Jiarong
Rgyalrong de l'est
Jiarong language
Judeo-Yemeni Arabic (also known as Judeo-Yemeni, Yemenite Judeo-Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Yemen. 50,000 speakers now live in Israel, 1,000 remain in Yemen.
Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
Arabic, Judeo-Yemeni
Jaya
Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Bashkirs and Nogay. Ethnic Karakalpaks who live in the viloyatlar of Uzbekistan tend to speak local Uzbek dialects.
Kara-Kalpak
Karakalpakisch
kara-kalpak
karakalpak
karakalpako
Idioma karakalpako
Karakalpak
Karakalpak language
Karakalpakische Sprache
Lingua karakalpaka
Yalálag Zapotec
Zapotec, Yalálag
Kabyle or Kabylian (In Kabyle: Taqbaylit, ) is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people north and northeast of Algeria. Estimates about the number of speakers range from 5 million to about 7 million speakers (INALCO) worldwide, the majority in Algeria.
Kabyle
Kabylisch
cabila
kabyle
Idioma cabilio
Kabyle language
Kabylische Sprache
Lingua cabila
Língua cabila
Puyo-Paekche
Kachin
Kachin-Sprache
kachin
Jingpho
Kadara is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Adara
Kadara language
Ketagalan (Ketangalan, Tangalan) was a Formosan language spoken south of modern-day Taipei in northern Taiwan.
Ketangalan
Ketangalan language
Katso
Kajaman
The Fer language, also Dam Fer or Fertit, one of several languages called Kara ("Kara of Birao"), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by some five thousand people in the northern Central African Republic near the Sudanese and Chadian borders, in the region known as Dar Runga.
Kara
Fer language
Kara (Central African Republic)
Karekare (also known as Karaikarai, Karai Karai, Kerekere, Kerrikerri) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State and Yobe State, Nigeria. Dialects include Birkai, Jalalam, and Kwarta Mataci.
Karekare
Karekare language
Mohegan-Pequot (also known as Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk, Secatogue, Stockbridge, and Shinnecock-Poosepatuck; dialects include Mohegan, Pequot, Montauk, Niantic, and Shinnecock) is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken in parts of present-day New England and Long Island.
Mohegan
Mohegan-Pequot
Mohegan-Pequot language
Jju, or Kaje, is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria. According to Blench (2008), it appears to be a variety of Tyap, though speakers are ethnically distinct.
Jju
jju
kai
Kaje
Kaje language
Kayapa Kallahan
Kallahan, Kayapa
Greenlandic is an Eskimo–Aleut language spoken by about 57,000 people in Greenland. It is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut. The main dialect, Kalaallisut or West Greenlandic, has been the official language of the Greenlandic autonomous territory since June 2009; this is a move by the Greenlandic government to strengthen the language in its competition with the colonial language, Danish. Other dialects are East Greenlandic (Tunumiisut) and the Thule dialect Inuktun or Polar Eskimo.
Grönländisch
Kalaallisut
groenlandais
groenlandés
groenlandês
kalaallisut
Greenlandic
Greenlandic language
Groenlandais
Grönländische Sprache
Idioma groenlandés
Lingua groenlandese
Língua groenlandesa
kamba
Kamba (Kenya)
Kannada ( , ) or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas (, ) and number roughly 50 million, It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka.
Kannada
canarés
canarês
kannada
Idioma canarés
Lingua kannada
Língua canaresa
canarim
Xaasongaxango
The Bezhta (or Bezheta) language (Bezhta: бежкьалас миц, bežƛʼalas mic, ), also known as Kapucha (from the name of a large village ), belongs to the Tsezic group of the North Caucasian language family. It is spoken by about 6,200 people in southern Dagestan, Russia
Bezhta
Língua bezhta
Bezhta language
Capanahua or Kapanawa is a declining indigenous American language of the Panoan family spoken in western South America by a few hundred aboriginal people. The language is spoken by the 400 strong Capanahua people, around the area of the Tapiche-Buncuya river, where it is the official language. There is one dialect called Pahenbaquebo; and the closest related language is Shipibo with which is shared 50 to 60 percent comprehensibility. If a Capanahua speaker talks to another Capanahua speaker in Spanish it is considered insulting, and applying the stigmatizing label of outsider. The language is in decline, since there are few speakers and almost no children can speak it. Capanahua is used in two bilingual schools, somewhat in other primary schools, but not in secondary schools. There is 5 to 10 percent literacy in Spanish compared to 10 percent literacy in the native mother tongue. The language has a written grammar, a dictionary, and uses Roman script when written. Capanahua speakers and people are referred to derogatorily as "Capachos".
Capanahua
Capanahua language
Kashmiri ( Koshur) is a language from the Dardic sub-group and it is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley, in Jammu and Kashmir. There are approximately 5,554,496 speakers in Jammu and Kashmir, according to the Census of 2001. Most of the 105,000 speakers or so in Pakistan are émigrés from the Kashmir Valley after the partition of India. They include a few speakers residing in border villages in Neelum District.
Kashmiri
cachemiro
caxemira
kashmiri
kâshmîrî
Cachemiri
Idioma cachemir
Kaschmirisch
Kashmiri language
Lingua kashmiri
Língua caxemira
caxemirense
Georgian (, ) is the native language of the Georgians and the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.
Georgian
Georgisch
georgiano
géorgien
Georgian language
Georgische Sprache
Géorgien
Idioma georgiano
Lingua georgiana
Língua georgiana
Kanuri is a dialect continuum spoken by some four million people, as of 1987, in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, as well as small minorities in southern Libya and by a diaspora in Sudan. It belongs to the Western Saharan subphylum of Nilo-Saharan. Kanuri is the language associated with the Kanem and Bornu empires which dominated the Lake Chad region for a thousand years.
Kanuri
canúri
kanuri
Idioma kanuri
Kanuri language
Kanuri-Sprache
Lingua kanuri
Língua kanuri
kanouri
Katukína is a Katukinian language spoken by only one person in 1976 in Acre, Brazil. It is probably extinct.
Katukina
Katukína
Katukína language
The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlavanik, is a now-extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Parthia, a region of northeastern ancient Persia during the rule of the Parthian empire.
Idioma parto
Língua parta
Parthe
Parthian
Parthische Sprache
Parthian language
Old Javanese is the oldest phase of the Javanese language that was spoken in areas in what is now the eastern part of Central Java and the whole of East Java.
Kawi
kawi
Old Javanese
Kao
The Kamayurá language (Kamaiurá in Portuguese) belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family , and is spoken by the Kamayurá people of Brazil – who numbered about 290 individuals as of the year 2004.
Kamayurá
Kamayurá language
Kazakh (also Qazaq and variants, natively , , ; pronounced ) is a Turkic language which belongs to the Kipchak (or Western Turkic) branch of the Turkic languages, closely related to Nogai and Karakalpak.
Kasachisch
Kazakh
cazaque
kazajo
kazako
Idioma kazajo
Kasachische Sprache
Kazakh language
Lingua kazaka
Língua cazaque
kazakh
Kalarko
Kaxuiâna
Kadiweu is a Mataco–Guaicuru language spoken by 1,200-1,800 people in Brazil. It is mainly a subject–verb–object language and its ISO 639-3 code is kbc.
Cadiueus
Caduveo
Kadiwéu
Kadiweu language
The Kabardian language, also known as East Circassian (see: Circassian language), is a Northwest Caucasian language, closely related to the Adyghe language. It is spoken mainly in the Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia (the native territories) and in Turkey and the Middle East (the extensive post-war diaspora). It has 47 or 48 consonant phonemes of which 22 or 23 are fricatives, depending upon whether one counts as phonemic, but this is contrasted with just three phonemic vowels. It is one of very few languages to possess a clear phonemic distinction between ejective affricates and ejective fricatives.
Kabarde
Kabardian
Kabardinisch
kabardia
kabardiano
Idioma cabardiano
Kabardian language
Kabardinische Sprache
Lingua cabarda
kabardien
kabardin
Kanju
Kakauhua (also known as Kaukaue, Cacahua) is an extinct Alacalufan language formerly spoken in Chile.
Kakauhua
Kakauhua language
Khamba
Camsá (also Sibundoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá) is a language isolate of Colombia.
Camsá
Camsá language
Kaptiau
Kare (Kari) is a poorly documented Congolese Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. There are scattered speakers in the CAR>
Kari
Kari language
Grass Koiari
Koiari, Grass
Kanembu is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Chad by the Kanembu people. It is closely related to Kanuri.
Kanembu
kanembou
kanembu
Kanembou
Kanembu language
Língua kanembu
The Pisidian language is a member of the extinct Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family spoken in Pisidia, a region of ancient Asia Minor. Known from some two dozen short inscriptions, it appears to be closely related to Lycian and Sidetic.
Pisidian
Pisidische Sprache
Lingua pisidica
Pisidien
Pisidian language
Iwal (also called Kaiwa from Jabêm Kai Iwac Iwac highlanders) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,900 people from nine villages in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea (Cobb & Wroge 1990). Although it appears most closely related to the South Huon Gulf languages, it is the most conservative member of its subgroup.
Iwal
Iwal language
Kare is an Mbum language of the Central African Republic There are a few thousand speakers in Cameroon.
Karang
Kare
Kare (Central African Republic)
Kare language
Keliko (Kaliko) is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan.
Keliko
Kaliko language
Kabiyè (also Kabiyé, Kabiye, Kabyé, Kabye) is a Grusi language spoken primarily in northern Togo, and also by smaller numbers of people in Benin and Ghana. It is one of two national languages of Togo.
Kabiyè
Kabiyé
Língua kabiyé
Kabye language
Kamono (Kamano-Kafe) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Kamano
Kamono language
Kaffa is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia around Bonga in the Keficho Shekicho Zone. The language is also called Kafi nono.
Kafa
Kaffa
Kafa language
Kande
Abadi
Kabutra
Dera (Dra) Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.
Dera
Dera (Indonesia)
Dera language
Kaiep
Kambot Ap Ma (Ap Ma Botin, Botin), also Karaube, is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Ap Ma
Kambot language
Manga Kanuri
Kanuri, Manga
Duhwa (also known as Karfa, Kerifa, Nzuhwi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Duhwa
Duhwa language
Punthamara
Khanty or Xanty language, also known previously as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. It is spoken in Khanty–Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs, as well as in Aleksandrovsky and Kargosoksky districts of Tomsk Oblast in Russia. According to the 1994 Salminen and 1994 Janhunen study, there were 12,000 Khanty-speaking people in Russia.
Chantische Sprache
Idioma janti
Khanty
Lingua chanty
Khanty language
Kawacha
Lubila
Ngkâlmpw Kanum
Kanum, Ngkâlmpw
Kaivi
The Punic language or Carthagian language is an extinct Semitic language formerly spoken in the Mediterranean region of North Africa and several Mediterranean islands, by people of the Punic or Berber culture.
Idioma púnico
Lingua punica
Língua púnica
Punic
Punic language
Ukaan (also Ikan, Anyaran, Auga, or Kakumo) is an undocumented and sparsely described Niger–Congo language or dialect cluster of uncertain affiliation. Roger Blench suspects, based on wordlists, that it may be closest to the (East) Benue–Congo languages (or, equivalently, the most divergent of the Benue–Congo languages).
Ukaan
Ukaan language
Tyap, or Katab, is a regionally important dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria, named after its prestige dialect. Other dialects are Gworok, Atakar, Kacicere, Sholio, Kafancan. According to Blench (2008), Jju, with an even larger number of speakers, appears to be a Tyap variety, though speakers are ethnically distinct.
Tyap
tyap
Katab language
Vono
Kamanton (Kamantan) is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Kamantan
Kamantan language
Kobiana (Cobiana) or Buy (Uboi) is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau.
Cobiana
Kobiana
Kobiana language
The Kalanga language, or Ikalanga/TjiKalanga, is a Bantu language spoken by the Kalanga people, 300,000 in Botswana and 700,000 in Zimbabwe (Ethnologue). It is a Bantu language known for its extensive phoneme inventory, which includes palatalized, velarized, aspirated, and breathy voiced consonants. It is closely related to Shona.
Kalanga
Kalanga language
Kela is an Austronesian language spoken by about 2500 people (in 1997) in several villages along the south coast of the Huon Gulf between Salamaua Peninsula and the Paiawa River, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The principal villages are Keila/Kêla, Logui/Laugwêc, Laukanu, Lababia, Buso, and Kui. Linguistically, Kela belongs to the North Huon Gulf languages and Kela-speakers appear to have arrived on the southern coast of the Gulf relatively recently, beginning perhaps as late as the 17th century (Bradshaw 1997).
Kela
Kala
Kela (Papua New Guinea)
Kela language
The Gula language, or Tar Gula, of the Central African Republic, commonly known as Kara, is a Central Sudanic language or dialect cluster. The term "Kara" is also attached to numerous ethnic groups of the region and their languages, and so is often ambiguous.
Gula (Central African Republic)
Tar Gula language
The Nubi language (also called Ki-Nubi) is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language spoken in Uganda around Bombo, and in Kenya around Kibera, by the descendants of Emin Pasha's Sudanese soldiers who were settled there by the British colonial administration. It was spoken by about 15,000 people in Uganda in 1991 (according to the census), and an estimated 10,000 in Kenya; another source estimates about 50,000 speakers as of 2001. 90% of the lexicon derives from Arabic, but the grammar has been simplified, as has the sound system. Nubi has the prefixing, suffixing and compounding processes also present in Arabic.
Nubi
Nubi language
Kinalakna
Kanga is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan.
Kanga
Kanga language
Kamo is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.
Kamo
Kamo language
The Katla language, Kaalak, is a Kordofanian language, closely related to a neighboring language called Tima, but otherwise quite divergent within the Niger–Congo family.
Katla
Katla language
Koenoem is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Koenoem
Koenoem language
Puyo
Buyeo language
Kaian
Kami
Kami (Tanzania)
Kete
Bwari, or Kabwari, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kabwari
Kabwari language
Kachama-Ganjule is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia on islands in Lake Chamo and Lake Abaya. Kachama is spoken on Gidicho island in Lake Abaya, whereas Ganjule was originally spoken on a small island in Lake Chamo. Now the Ganjule speakers have relocated to the west shore of the Lake. There still are about 1000 monolinguals in this language. The language is also called Gatsame, Geteme, Gatame and Harro. __NOTOC__
Kachama-Ganjule
Kachama-Ganjule language
Korandje (kwạṛa n dzyəy, ) is by far the most northerly of the Songhay languages. It is spoken around the oasis of Tabelbala by about 3000 people; its name literally means "village's language". While retaining a basically Songhay structure, it is extremely heavily influenced by Berber and Arabic; about 20% of the 100-word Swadesh list of basic vocabulary consists of loans from Arabic or Berber, and the proportion of the lexicon as a whole is considerably higher.
Korandje
Korandjé
Korandje language
Konongo
Worimi or Gadjang (also spelt Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. It was the traditional language of the Worimi people, whose descendants now speak English.
Worimi
Worimi language
Kutu
Yankunytjatjara (also Yankuntatjara, Jangkundjara, Kulpantja) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Wati languages, belonging to the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It is one of the many varieties of the Western Desert Language, all of which are mutually intelligible.
Yankunytjatjara
Yankunytjatjara language
Karakhanid
Makonde
makonde
Mamusi
Seba
Tem (Temba), or Kotokoli (Cotocoli), is a Gur language spoken in Togo, Ghana, and Benin. It is used by neighboring peoples. According to the Ethnologue there are 307 000 native speakers.
Tem
Tem language
Kumam is a Luo language of Uganda.
Kumam
Kumam language
The Karamojong Language (ŋaKarimojoŋ, ŋaKaramojoŋ, Karimojong or Ngakarimojong) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken mainly in the Karamoja subregion of north-eastern Uganda.
Karamojong
Karimojong
Karamojong language
Chichicapan Zapotec
Zapotec, Chichicapan
Numèè
Kwényi
Numee
Qatabanian
Qatabanian language
The Kimba language, Tsikimba, is a Kainji language of Nigeria spoken by the Kambari people.
Tsikimba
Kimba language
Gyong, or Kagoma, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Kagoma
Kagoma language
Kunda is a Bantu language of Zimbabwe and Zambia, with a few thousand speakers in Mozambique.
Kunda
Kunda language
Kaningdon-Nindem
Koch is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Koch people of both the Republic of India and Bangladesh.
Koch
Koch language
The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: къарай тили, Trakai dialect: karaj tili, Turkish dialect:Karay Dili) is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino. It is spoken by Crimean Karaites (also known as Karaims and Qarays) – ethnic Turkic adherents of Karaite Judaism in Crimea, Lithuania, Poland and western Ukraine. It has six remaining active speakers. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, Trakai-Vilnius and Lutsk-Halych.
Karaim
Karaimische Sprache
Karaïm
Lingua caraima
Língua karaim
Karaim language
Kuy language (also known as Kui, Soui or Kuay; Thai: ภาษากุย) is a Katuic language, part of the larger Austroasiatic family.
Kuy
Kuy language
Kadaru
Koneraw is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken in West New Guinea. It was missed by classifications of Papuan languages until recently, but is clearly close to Mombum.
Koneraw
Koneraw language
The Kam language, or Nyingwom (Nyiwom, Yimwom), is one of the Savanna languages spoken in eastern Nigeria.
Kam
Nyingwom
Nyingwom language
Krahô
Keder
Keijar
Kwaja
Cape Verdean Creole is a creole language of Portuguese basis, spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. It is the native language of virtually all Cape Verdeans, and it is used as a second language by the Cape Verdean diaspora.
Kabuverdianu
capoverdiano
capverdien
criollo caboverdiano
kabuverdianu
Cape Verdean Creole
Creolo capoverdiano
Criollo caboverdiano
Crioulo cabo-verdiano
Créole du Cap-Vert
Kapverdisches Kreol
cabo-verdiano
The Kele language of Gabon is spoken by the Kele people, an ethnic group in Gabon with an estimated population of 10,774. Speakers of the language are scattered in Middle Ogooue Province, Mimongo area.
Kélé
Kele language
Keiga or Yega is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. Dialects are Demik (Rofik) and Keiga proper (Aigang).
Keiga
Keiga language
Kerewe
Eastern Keres
Keres, Eastern
Kar (Kler), or Eastern Karaboro, is a central Senufo of Burkina Faso. Kar speakers have moderate comprehension of Western Karaboro, but the reverse is not the case.
Kar language
Eastern Karaboro
Karaboro, Eastern
Kpessi
Keiga Jirru is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken in the Nuba Hills of Sudan.
Tese
Keiga Jirru language
Keak
Kei (also called Kai, Saumlaki or Veveu evav) is an Indonesian language spoken by approximately inhabitants (2000) of the Moluccas. They live on the islands of Kai Besar and Kai Kecil, as well as neighbouring islands, in the regency of Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat.
Kei
Kei language
Kadar
The Qeqchi language, also spelled Kekchi, is one of the Mayan languages, natively spoken within Qeqchi communities in Guatemala and Belize. In Guatemala, Qeqchi is spoken in the departments of Alta Verapaz, Petén, Izabal, Baja Verapaz, and El Quiché. Several Maya communities in the Toledo District of Belize use this language as their first language, and the majority of Mayas in Toledo speak Qeqchi.
Idioma quekchí
Kekchí
Kekchí-Sprache
Língua queqchi
Q'eqchi'
Q’eqchi’ language
Kela (Ikela, Okela), or Lemba, is a Bantu language spoken by several hundred thousand people in the Kasai, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Kemak is a language spoken in East Timor. An alternate name is Ema. It is most closely related to Tocodede and Mambai. It has the status of one of the national languages in the East Timor constitution, besides the official languages of Portuguese and Tetum. The number of speakers has fallen in recent years.
Kemak
Língua quémaque
Kemak language
The Nyang language (Kenyang, Banyang, Manyang) is the principal Southern Bantoid language of the Mamfe family.
Kenyang
Nyang language
Kakwa
The Kaikadi language is a Dravidian language related to Tamil, spoken by about 23,000 people of the nomad Kaikadi tribe.
Kaikadi
Kaikadi language
Kamar
Gundungurra
Kera is an East Chadic language spoken by 45,000 people in Southwest Chad and 6,000 people in North Cameroon.
Kera
Kera language
Kugbo
The Ket language, formerly known as Yenisei Ostyak, is a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of a Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the middle Yenisei basin by the Ket people.
Idioma ket
Jenisseische Sprachen#Das Ketische
Ket
Lingua ket
Ket language
Akebu or Kebu (also Kabu; in ) is one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages spoken by the Akebu people of southern Togo and southeastern Ghana. It is a language with nominal classes (and a tonal language?). Akebu is closely related to the Animere language.
Akebu
Akébou
Kebu language
Kanikkaran
Kanikkaran language
Kreye is a Gê language that is spoken by about 30 individuals in Maranhão and Pará, Brazil. It is considered an endangered language.
Kreye
Kreye language
West Kewa
Kewa, West
Karnataka Konkani refers to the various dialects of Konkani language spoken in the state of Karnataka,and some parts of Kerala. Konkani is spoken by a remarkable number of Goan migrants who have settled in North Kanara, Udupi, South Kanara and many other places in North and south Karnataka for the last few centuries.Konkani families migrated to North Canara and South Canara during three separate occasions:
Kukna
Karnataka Konkani
Kupia
The Kele language, Kukele (Bakele, Ukele), is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Kukele
Kodava Takk or Kodava takka, (Kannada script: ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್‌) is the original language of the south Karnataka district of Kodagu. The language is often called Kodava or Coorg language in English. The number of speakers is estimated at up to about 500,000. It is the primary language of Kodavas, but a large portion of other communities and tribes in Kodagu also use Kodava Takk. It belongs to the Dravidian language family, and is related to and influenced by Tulu, Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil. A majority of the words are common between Kodava Takk and Beary bashe, a dialect which is a mixture of Tulu and Malayalam spoken by the Beary and Belchada community.
Kodagu
Kodava
Kodava language
Kolami is a tribal Central Dravidian language used in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states of India. It takes route from the central branch of Dravidian Language tree and falls under Kolami–Paraji group of languages.
Kolami
Kolami language
Kolami, Northwestern
Northwestern Kolami
Konda, also known as Konda-Dora, is one of the Dravidian languages spoken in India. It is spoken by the scheduled tribe of the Konda-Dora.
Konda-Dora
Konda language
Koraga language (Kannada Script: ಕೊರಗ ), also called, Koragar, Koragara, Korangi or Korra Koraga is a Dravidian language spoken by the Koraga tribe, a Scheduled tribe people of Tulu Nadu, region in South West, India, Tulu Nadu comprises the districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada in Karnataka State and Kasaragod district of Kerala State. The language is related to Tulu and Kannada but is not intelligible with either of them. The language is also not intelligible with Muddu Koraga, a language spoken by the Koraga tribe in Kerala.
Korra Koraga
Koraga language
Koraga, Korra
Kota is a language of the Dravidian language family, spoken by 1,400 native speakers and 2,000 total speakers in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu state, India.
Kota
Kota (India)
Kota language
Koya (also Koi, Koi Gondi, Kavor, Koa, Koitar, Koyato, Kaya, Koyi, Raj Koya) is a South Central Dravidian language of the Kui-Gondi subgroup. It is variously written in the Oriya, Telugu, Devanagari or Latin script. With 270,994 registered native speakers, it figures at rank 37 in the 1991 Indian census.
Koya
Língua koya
Koya language
Kudiya
Minang
Kurichiya
Kannada Kurumba language is a Dravidian language spoken by the tribal Kuruba Gowda subcastes of Jenu Kuruba, Kadu Kuruba and Betta Kuruba of South India. These people are spread around the borders of three states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The language is also sometimes called as "Jenu Nudi"(Honey language). The language has never been written, apart from recent efforts to write the language using Kannada script. It is considered as a dialect of Kannada with Tamil and Malayalam words interspread.
Kannada Kurumba
Kurumba, Kannada
Kemiehua, is a poorly classified Mon–Khmer language spoken by a thousand people in China. Li (2005) proposes that it's a Mangic language. It has a subject–object–verb word order.
Kemie
Kemiehua
Kemie language
Kinnauri, also known as Kanauri, Kanor, Koonawur, or Kunawar is a Tibeto-Burman language (Sino-Tibetan stock) spoken in the Kinnaur district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
Kinnauri
Língua kinnauri
Kinnauri language
Kung
Krikati-Timbira
Khunsari dialect is a Central dialect within the South Median branch of Northwestern Iranian languages, spoken in Khansar, a town in the west of Isfahan Province of Iran. Some of the oldest isoglosses include the development of Aryan palatals to fricatives: OIr. *dz > z: mossar “big”, kissar “small”, heze “yesterday”, zun- “know”, zumā “son-in-law” (but yešt “ugly” < SW *a-dushta-, cf. NPers. zesht < NW *a-zushta- “ungeliebt”); *tsw > sp: isba, espa “dog” (< Median spaka-), espid “white”, ešpiž “louse”.
Khunsari
Khunsari language
Kuk
koro
Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)
Korwa
The Korku language is the language of the Korku tribe of central India. It belongs to the Kolarian or Munda family, isolated in the midst of a Dravidian (Gondi) population. The Korkus are also closely associated with the Nihali people, many of whom have traditionally lived in special quarters of Korku villages. Korku is spoken by approximately 478,000 people, mainly in four districts of southern Madhya Pradesh (Khandwa, Harda, Betul, Hoshangabad) and three districts of northern Maharashtra (Rajura and Korpana tahsils of Chandrapur district, Manikgarh pahad area near Gadchandur in Chandrapur district) (Amravati, Buldana, Akola). Korku is spoken in a reducing number of villages and is gradually being replaced by Hindi.
Korku
Korku language
Kutchi (also spelt Cutchi, Kutchhi or Kachchhi, (, , , ) is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat as well as in Sindh.
Kachchi
Kutchi
Língua kutchi
Kutchi language
Bilaspuri
Armazic
Kanjari
Katkari
Kurmukar
Kharam Naga
Naga, Kharam
Kullu Pahari
Kullu Pahari language
Pahari, Kullu
The Kumaoni (कुमाँऊनी (Devanagari)) are a people of the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand, a region in the Indian Himalayas. Their Kumaoni language (कुमाँऊनी भाषा (Devanagari)) is one of the Central Pahari languages.
Kumaoni
Kumaoni language
Zaniza Zapotec
Zapotec, Zaniza
Koromfe is a Gur language spoken in a U-shaped area around the town of Djibo, in the north of Burkina Faso and southeastern Mali, bordering Dogon Country.
Koromfe
Koromfé
Koromfe language
Arin was a Yeniseian language spoken in Russia along the Yenisei River between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk. It is classified as a Southern Yeniseian language, along with Kott and Assan.
Arin
Arine
Arin language
Koyaga
Kawe
Kasseng
Kataang (Katang) is a dialect of the Bru language ( ) spoken in Laos.
Kataang
Kataang dialect
Komering is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Indonesia, in the southern part of Sumatra.
Komering
Komering language
Kube (Hube), also Mongi, is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Kurungtufu, Yoangen (Yoanggeng).
Kube
Kube language
Kusunda is a language isolate spoken by a handful of people in western Nepal. It has only recently been described in any detail.
Idioma kusunda
Kusunda
Lingua kusunda
Kusunda language
Selangor Sign Language (SSL), also known as Kuala Lumpur Sign Language (KLSL), is a sign language used in Malaysia. It was originally based on American Sign Language (ASL) but has diverged significantly enough to now be considered a language in its own right. Kuala Lumpur was formerly located in the state of Selangor before it became a federal territory in 1974.
Língua de sinais de Selangor
Selangor Sign Language
Gamale Kham
Kham, Gamale
Kaiwá
Kunggari
Karipúna
Karranga
Karingani
Krongo, also spelled Korongo or Kurungu and known as Dimodongo, Kadumodi, or Tabanya after local towns, is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan.
Krongo
Krongo language
The Kaingang language (also spelled Kaingáng) is an indigenous language spoken in the South of Brazil, belonging to the Gê language family. The Kaingang nation has about 30,000 people, and about from 60% to 65% speak the language. The majority also speaks Portuguese.
Idioma kaingáng
Kaingang
Língua caingangue
Kaingang language
The Kamoro language is an Asmat–Kamoro language spoken in New Guinea by approximately 8,000 people.
Kamoro
Kamoro language
Abun, also known as Yimbun, A Nden, Manif, Karon, is a West Papuan language of New Guinea. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) assigned it to the West Papuan family, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue (2009) removed it as a language isolate.
Abun
Abun language
Raetic (also Rhaetic, Rhaetian) is an extinct language spoken in the ancient region of Raetia in the Eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times. It is documented by a limited number of short inscriptions (found through Northern Italy and West Austria) in two variants of the Etruscan alphabet. Its linguistic categorization is not clearly established, and it presents a confusing mixture of what appear to be Etruscan, Indo-European, and uncertain other elements.
Raetic
Rätische Sprache
Idioma rético
Langue rhétienne
Lingua retica
Raetic language
Kumbainggar language (also called Gumbaingari, Gumbaynggir, Kumbaingeri, Gambalamam, Baanbay) is an aboriginal Australian language. It is spoken in New South Wales, Grafton and north coast.
Kumbainggar
Kumbainggar language
Somyev (Somyewe), also known as Kila, is a nearly extinct Mambiloid language of Nigeria, spoken by a caste of blacksmiths that live among the Mambila.
Somyev
Somyev language
Kobol
Karas is a divergent Trans–New Guinea language spoken on Karas Island off the Bomberai Peninsula, that appears to be most closely related to the West Bomberai languages.
Karas
Karas language
Karon Dori is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua.
Karon Dori
Karon Dori language
Kamaru
Kyerung
Khasi is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken primarily in Meghalaya state in India by the Khasi people. Khasi is part of the Austroasiatic family of languages, and is fairly closely related to the Munda branch of that family, which is spoken in east–central India.
Khasi
khasi
Khasi language
Khasi-Sprache
Língua khasi
Tai Lü ᦑᦺᦟᦹᧉ (or Tai Lɯ, Tai Lue, Tai Le ; Xishuangbanna Dai; Chinese: 傣仂语 Dǎilèyǔ; Thai: ภาษาไทลื้อ (Phasa Thai Leu, ); Vietnamese: Lự or Lữ) is a language spoken by about 670,000 people in South East Asia. This includes 250,000 people in China, 200,000 in Burma, 134,000 in Thailand, and 5,000 in Vietnam. The language is similar to other Tai languages.
Tai Lü
Tai Lü language
Tukang Besi North
Bädi Kanum
Kanum, Bädi
Korowai (Kolufaup) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Korowai
Korowai language
Khuen
Khams Tibetan (; also called Kham kä) is the Tibetan language used by the majority of the people in the Kham region of eastern Tibet (E. Tibet Autonomous Region, S. Qinghai, W. Sichuan, Yunnan). It is one of the four main spoken languages of Tibetan, the other three being those of U-Tsang (ü kä), Amdo (am kä) and Western Tibetan (tö kä). All four Tibetan language groups share the same written script, but their pronunciations, vocabularies and grammars are different. These differences may have emerged due to geographical isolation of the regions of Tibet. Khams Tibetan is used alongside Central Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan in broadcasting, but shares the classical Tibetan orthography with them. Khams Tibetan is, however, not intelligible with Amdo, Central Tibetan, or Ladakhi. Like Central Tibetan, it is a tonal language.
Khams Tibetan
Khams Tibetan language
Tibetan, Khams
Kehu (Keu) is an unclassified and nearly extinct language of New Guinea.
Kehu
Kehu language
Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an extinct unclassified language of Texas. It was spoken by the Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker. Variations on the name are Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme.
Aranama-Tamique
Aranama language
Kuturmi
Halh Mongolian
Mongolian, Halh
Lusi is an Austronesian languages of New Britain. Kaliai is a dialect.
Lusi
Lusi language
Kambodschanisch
Khmer
cmer
jemer
khmer
Central Khmer
Khmer, Central
khmer central
Khandesi
Saka or Sakan is a Middle Iranian language attested from the medieval Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan and Tumxuk in what in now Xinjiang, China. Both dialects share features with modern Wakhi and Pashto. Many Prakrit terms were borrowed from Khotanese into the Tocharian languages.
Khotanais
Sakan
Sakisch
khotanese
khotanês
kotanés
Khotanese
Língua kothanesa
Língua saka
Saka language
Sakische Sprache
khotanais
Kapori is a former language isolate related to the small family of Kaure languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Kapori
Kapauri
Kapori language
Koyra Chiini (, literally "town language"), or Western Songhay, is a variety of Songhai in Mali, spoken by about 200,000 people (as of 1999) along the Niger River in Timbuktu and upriver from it in the towns of Diré, Tonka, Goundam, and Niafunké, as well as in the Saharan town of Araouane to its north. In this area, Koyra Chiini is the dominant language and the lingua franca, although minorities speaking Hassaniya Arabic, Tamashek, and Fulani are found. Djenné Chiini , the Songhai variety spoken in Djenné, is mutually comprehensible, but has noticeable differences with Koyra Chiini proper - in particular, two extra vowels ( and ) and syntactic differences related to focalization. East of Timbuktu, Koyra Chiini gives way relatively abruptly to another Songhai language, Koyraboro Senni.
Koyra Chiini
koyra chiini
songhay
Koyra Chiini Songhay
Songhay, Koyra Chiini
The Kharia language is an Austro-Asiatic language that is primarily spoken by indigenous Kharia people of eastern India.
Kharia
Kharia language
Kasua
Khamti
Marriammu
Nkumbi, or Khumbi, is a Bantu language of Angola.
Nkhumbi
Nkumbi language
Khwarshi, also spelled Khvarshi, is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Tsumadinsky-, Kizilyurtovsky- and Khasavyurtovsky districts of Dagestan by the Khwarshi people. The exact number of speakers is not known, but the linguist Zaira Khalilova, who has carried out fieldwork in the period from 2005 to 2009, gives the figure 8,500. Other sources give much lower figures, such as Ethnologue with the figure 1,870 and the latest population census of Russia with the figure 1,872. The low figures are because many Khwarshi have registered themselves as being Avar speakers, The syllabic structure of Khwarshi is also quite simple, with (C)V(C) being the most common structure, of which V(C) is only permitted word-initially.
Khvarshi
Khwarshi language
For the ethnic group, see under Chitrali people. Khowar , also known as Chitrali, is a Dardic language spoken by 400,000 people in Chitral in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in the Ghizer district of Gilgit-Baltistan (including the Yasin Valley, Phandar Ishkoman and Gupis), and in parts of Upper Swat. Speakers of Khowar have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres with Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, having sizeable populations. It is spoken as a second language in the rest of Gilgit and Hunza. There are believed to be small numbers of Khowar speakers in Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan and Istanbul.
Khowar
Língua khovar
Khowar language
Kanu
The Kele language, or Lokele, is a Bantu language spoken in Zaire and the Congo by the Kele people.
Kele
Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Keapara
Kim of southern Chad is an Mbum language spoken by 15,000 people. It was once mistakenly classified as Chadic. There is strong dialectical divergence; Garap (Éré), Gerep (Djouman, Jumam), Kolop (Kilop, Kolobo), and Kosop (Kwasap, Kim) may actually be distinct languages.
Kim
Kim language
Karawa
Koalib (also called Kwalib, Abri, Lgalige, Nirere, and Rere) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Sudan. The Koalib Nuba, Turum, and Umm Heitan ethnic groups speak this language.
Koalib
Koalib language
Kickapoo
Koshin is a Bantoid language of Cameroon. It is traditionally classified as a Western Beboid language, but that has not been demonstrated to be a valid family.
Koschin
Koshin
Koshin language
Kibet
Eastern Parbate Kham
Kham, Eastern Parbate
Kimaama
Kimaghima
Kilmeri is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea near the border with Indonesian Papua. It is not being learned by children.
Kilmeri
Kilmeri language
Sabaean (Sabaic), also known as Himyarite (Himyaritic), was an Old South Arabian language spoken in Yemen from c. 1000 BC to the 6th century AD, by the Sabaeans; it was used as a written language by some other peoples (sha‘bs) of Ancient Yemen, including the Hashidites, Sirwahites, Humlanites, Ghaymanites, Himyarites, Radmanites etc. It was written in the South Arabian alphabet.
Idioma sabeo
Sabaean
Sabaean language
The Kitsai (also Kichai) language is an extinct member of the Caddoan language family. It was spoken in Oklahoma by the Kichai tribe and became extinct in the 1930s. It is thought to be related to Wichita but more closely to Pawnee. The Kichai people today are enrolled in the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco and Tawakonie), headquartered in Anadarko, Oklahoma.
Kitsai
Kitsai language
Kilivila
Gikuyu or Kikuyu (, pronounced ) is a language of the Bantu family spoken primarily by the Kikuyu people of Kenya. Numbering about 6 million (22% of Kenya's population), they are the largest ethnic group in Kenya. Gikuyu is spoken in the area between Nyeri and Nairobi. Gikuyu is one of the five languages of the Thagichu subgroup of the Bantu languages, which stretches from Kenya to Tanzania. The Gikuyu people usually identify their lands by the surrounding mountain ranges in Central Kenya which they call Kirinyaga.
Gikuyu
Kikuyu
kikuyu
quicuio
Gikuyu language
Idioma kikuyu
Kikuyu-Sprache
Língua kikuyu
Kariya is an Afroasiatic language spoken in a single village of Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Kariya
Kariya language
Tofa, also known as Tofalar or Karagas, is one of the Turkic languages spoken in Russia's Irkutsk Oblast by the Tofalars. It is a moribund language; in 2001 only 28 people were reported to speak it.
Karagas
Tofalar
Tofalarische Sprache
Tofa language
Kinyarwanda (also sometimes known as Rwanda, Ruanda or Rwandan), is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language spoken by some 12 million people in Rwanda, where it is the official language, and adjacent parts of southern Uganda. (The Kirundi dialect is the official language of neighboring Burundi.)
Kinyarwanda
Ruandisch
kinyarwanda
rwanda
Idioma kiñarwanda
Lingua kinyarwanda
Língua kinyarwanda
Kiowa is a Kiowa–Tanoan language spoken by the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma in primarily Caddo, Kiowa, and Comanche counties. The Kiowa tribal center is located in Carnegie. Like most North American languages, Kiowa is an endangered language.
Kiowa
Kiowa language
Sheshi Kham
Kham, Sheshi
Kosare
Kosadle
Kyrgyz or Kirgiz, also Kirghiz, Kyrghiz, Qyrghiz (, , ) is a Turkic language and one of the two official languages of Kyrgyzstan, the other being Russian. It is a member of the Kazakh-Nogai subgroup of the Kypchak languages, and modern day language convergence has resulted in an increasing degree of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz and Kazakh.
Kirgisisch
Kyrgyz
kirghiso
kirghiz
quirguiz
Idioma kirguís
Kirghiz
Kirghize
Kirgisische Sprache
Kyrgyz language
Lingua chirghisa
Língua quirguiz
kirghize
Kis
Agöb, or Dabu, is a language of the South-Central Papuan family, spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It forms a dialect chain with Idi; the Idi and Agob dialects are at the ends of the chain.
Agob
Agob language
Botolan is a Sambalic language spoken by 32,867 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan in the Philippines.
Sambal
Botolan language
Kirmanjki (individual language)
Kimbu is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Kimbu
Kimbu language
Northeast Kiwai
Kiwai, Northeast
Khiamniungan (Khiamngan, Khiamniungan) is a Tibeto-Burman language of north-eastern India.
Khiamniungan Naga
Khiamniungan language
Naga, Khiamniungan
Kirikiri
Kisi is a Bantu language of Tanzania. Though only half or so of the Kisi people speak the language, use is vigorous where it is still spoken.
Kisi
Kisi language
Mlap
Qanjobal (also Kanjobal) is a Mayan language spoken primarily in Guatemala and part of Mexico. According to 1998 estimates compiled by SIL International in Ethnologue, there were approximately 77,700 native speakers, primarily in the Huehuetenango Department of Guatemala. Qanjobal is a member of the Qanjobalan branch of the Mayan language family. The Mayan language family includes 31 languages, two of which are now extinct. The Qanjobalan branch includes not only Qanjobal itself but also Chuj, Akatek, and Jakaltek, also spoken in Guatemala. The Qanjobalan languages are noted for being among the most conservative of the Mayan language family, although they do include some interesting innovations.
Idioma q'anjob'al
Kanjobal
Kanjobal-Sprache
Língua canjobal
Q'anjob'al
Q’anjob’al language
Coastal Konjo
Konjo, Coastal
Southern Kiwai
Kiwai, Southern
San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec
Zapotec, San Baltazar Loxicha
Kisar
Scythian languages ( or ) refers to all the languages spoken by all the peoples of a vast region of Eurasia named Scythia extending from the Vistula river in East Europe to Sakastan and Mongolia in Central Asia during ancient times. Included also are some languages of eastern Iran and the Central Asian subcontinent. These peoples were at some time by some ancient authors designated as "Scythians" with the form of the name customarily known to them. Languages of many different groups and families must have been spoken by the Scythians. Their modes of subsistence varied from sedentary and agricultural to nomadic and pastoral. They were both warriors and merchants.
Langues scythes
Scythian
Línguas citas
Scythian languages
Khalaj
Khmu is the language of the Khmu people of the northern Laos region. It is also spoken in adjacent areas of Vietnam, Thailand and China. Khmu lends its name to the Khmuic branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family, the latter of which also includes Khmer and Vietnamese. Within Austro-Asiatic, Khmu is often cited as being most closely related to the Palaungic and Khasic languages. The name "Khmu" can also be seen romanized as Kmhmu, Khmu', Kammu, or Khamuk in various publications or alternatively referred to by the name of a local dialect.
Khmu
Khmu language
Fuyü Gïrgïs or Fu-Yu Kirgiz, also known as Manchurian Kirghiz, is the easternmost Turkic language. It is spoken in northeastern China's Heilongjiang province, in and around Fuyu County, Qiqihar, which is located approximately 300 km northwest of Harbin. Fuyü Gïrgïs is spoken by a small number of passive speakers, who are classified as Kyrgyz nationality. However, it is not a dialect of Kyrgyz, but of Khakas; the people migrated from Russia in 1761, and the name may be due to the survival of a common tribal name. Girgis is probably a member of the Siberian Turkic languages and related to the Khakas language.
Gïrgïs de Fu-Yü
Khakas
Fuyü Gïrgïs dialect
Zabana
Khinalug (also spelled Khinalig, Xinalug(h) or Khinalugh) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 1,500 people in the villages of Khinalug and Gülüstan in the mountains of Quba Rayon, northern Azerbaijan. It forms its own independent branch within the Northeast Caucasian language family.
Chinalugische Sprache
Khinalug
Khinalugh
Língua khinalug
Khinalug language
Highland Konjo
Konjo, Highland
Western Parbate Kham
Kham, Western Parbate
Kháng
Kunjen is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Uw Olkola and Uw Oykangand people. The two dialects, Uw Olkola and Uw Oykangand, are very close, being mutually intelligible and sharing 97% of their core vocabulary.
Kunjen
Kunjen language
Harijan Kinnauri
Kinnauri, Harijan
Eastern Pwo, or Phlou, is a Karen language spoken by over a million people in Burma and by about 50,000 in Thailand, where it has been called Southern Pwo. It is not intelligible with other varieties of Pwo.
Pwo Eastern Karen
Eastern Pwo language
Karen, Pwo Eastern
Western Keres
Keres, Western
Kurudu
East Kewa
Kewa, East
The Sidetic language is a member of the extinct Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family known from legends of coins dating to the period of approx. the 5th to 3rd centuries BC found in Side at the Pamphylian coast. The Greek historian Arrian mentions the existence of a peculiar indigenous language in the city of Side. Sidetic was probably closely related to Lydian, Carian and Lycian.
Lingua sidetica
Sidetic
Sidetische Sprache
Sidétique
Sidetic language
Phrae Pwo Karen
Karen, Phrae Pwo
Kashaya (also Southwestern Pomo, Kashia) is a name for a branch of Pomo people whose historical home is the Pacific Coastline of what is now Sonoma County, California, and also their severely endangered Pomoan language. The Pomoan languages have been classified as part of the Hokan language family, although this proposal is controversial. The name Kashaya corresponds to words in neighboring languages with meanings such as "skillful" and "expert gambler". It is spoken by the Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria.
Kashaya
Kashaya language
Ramopa
Erave
The Bumthang language (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་; Wylie: Bum-thang-kha; also called "Bhumtam," "Bumtang(kha)," "Bumtanp," "Bumthapkha," and "Kebumtamp") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 36,500 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts in central Bhutan. Van Driem (1993) describes Bumthangkha as the dominant language of central Bhutan.
Bumthangkha
Bumthang language
Kakanda
Kwerisa
Odoodee (Ododei) is a Trans–New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River.
Odoodee
Odoodee language
Kinuku
Kakabe
Kalaktang Monpa
Monpa, Kalaktang
Mabaka Valley Kalinga
Kalinga, Mabaka Valley
The Khün language or Tai Khün language (Tai Khün: Dai Kun, ; Thai: ไทเขิน ) is the language of the Tai Khün people of Kengtung, Shan state, Myanmar. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao.
Khün
Khün language
Kagulu
Sempan or Nararapi is a language spoken in Western New Guinea.
Sempan
Sempan language
Kako or Mkako or Mkaka, is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Cameroon, but also has speakers in the Central African Republic and Congo. The main population centers of Kako speakers includes Batouri and Ndélélé in the East Region of Cameroon.
Kako
kako
Kako language
Kokota is an Austronesian language spoken by perhaps as many as 1,200 people in three villages on Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. The villages of Goveo and Sisiga lie on the north coast, while Hurepelo lies on the south coast. People in all three villages use the language daily, but may eventually switch to neighboring Cheke Holo to the west, a language spoken by many more people who have recently settled between Goveo and Sisiga (Palmer 2009:1-2).
Kokota
Kokota language
Kosarek Yale
Yale, Kosarek
Kiong
Kon Keu
Karko
Gugubera
Kaiku is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kaiku
Kaiku language
Kir-Balar (also known as Kir, Kirr) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Kir-Balar
Kir-Balar language
Giiwo (also known as Bu Giiwo, Kirfi, Kirifi, Kirifawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.
Giiwo
Giiwo language
Koi
Shamang
Tumi
Kangean is a language spoken in Indonesia, in the Kangean Islands which lie to the east of Madura Island. It is barely intelligible with Madurese proper.
Kangean
Kangean language
The Kukuya language, Kikukuya , also transcribed Kukẅa and known as Southern Teke, is a member of the Teke dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau. It is known for being the only language claimed to have a phonemic labiodental nasal . The name comes from the word kuya "plateau".
Teke-Kukuya
Kukuya language
Kohin
Guugu Yimithirr (many other spellings; see below) is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Guugu Yimithirr people of Far North Queensland. Most of the speakers today live at the community of Hopevale, about 46 km from Cooktown. It is one of the more famous Australian languages because it is the source of the word kangaroo.
Guguyimidjir
Guugu Yimithirr language
Kaska is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Kaska people in the southeastern Yukon territory and northern British Columbia in Canada.
Idioma kaska
Kaska
Kaska language
Klamath-Modoc (also simply Klamath, historically Lutuamian) is a Native American language that was spoken around Klamath Lake in what is now southern Oregon and northern California. It is the traditional language of the Klamath and Modoc peoples, each of whom spoke a dialect of the language. , it was spoken by only one person.
Idioma klamath-modoc
Klamath
Klamath-Modoc
Klamath language
Sio (also spelled Siâ) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 3,500 people on the north coast of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. According to Harding and Clark (1994), Sio speakers lived in a single village on a small offshore island until the Pacific War, after which they established four villages on the nearby coast: Lambutina, Basakalo, Laelo, and Balambu. Nambariwa, another coastal village a few miles to the east, is also Sio-speaking.
Sio
Sio language
Kiliwa (in Kiliwa: K’olew Ñaja’) is a Yuman language spoken in Baja California, in the far northwest of Mexico, by the Kiliwa people. It may form part of the hypothetical Hokan linguistic phylum. Kiliwa is the southernmost representative of the family, and the one that is most distinct from the remaining Yuman languages, which constitute Core Yuman. The Kiliwa's neighbors to the south, the Cochimí, spoke a language or a family of languages that was probably closely related to but not within the Yuman family. Consequently, the Kiliwa lie at the historic "center of gravity" for the differentiation of Yuman from Cochimí and of the Yuman branches from each other.
Idioma kiliwa
Kiliwa
Língua kiliwa
Kiliwa language
Kolbila
The Gamilaraay or Kamilaroi (see below for other spellings) language is a Pama–Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup found mostly in South East Australia. It was the traditional language of the Kamilaroi people, but is now moribund—according to Ethnologue, there were only 3 speakers left in 1997. However, there are thousands of people of mixed descent both within the native populations as well as immigrant populations, who identify themselves as Kamilaroi. Kamilaroi is also taught in some Australian schools.
Gamilaraay
Kamilaroi
Gamilaraay language
The Kulung are the people of Rai and Kirant descent, inhabiting Nepal and parts of northeastern India. Their language of the same name is closely related to the fellow Kiranti languages Bantawa and Puma. Alternate names for the language include Khulunge Rai, Kulu Ring, Khulung and Kholung.
Kulung (Nepal)
Kenjeje is a Maban language language of Chad. The two dialects, Yaali and Faranga, are quite distinct, and have little contact.
Kendeje
Kendeje language
Tagakaulo
Weliki
Kalumpang
Khalaj is a Turkic language spoken in Iran. It is a member of the Azerbaijani subgroup of the Oghuz languages. There were approximately 42,000 speakers of this language as of 2000. ISO 639-3 uses the name to distinguish it from the Indo-Iranian language called "Khalaj".
Chaladschische Sprache
Khaladj
Turkic Khalaj
Khalaj language
Khalaj, Turkic
Kono
Kono (Nigeria)
Kagan Kalagan
Kalagan, Kagan
Subi
Migum
Kalenjin
kalenjin
kalenyin
Kapya
Kamasa
Rumu (Rumuwa), or Kairi (Kai-Iri), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Other names for it are Dumu (Tumu) and Kibiri.
Rumu
Rumu language
Khaling is a Kiranti language spoken in Khotang district, Nepal
Khaling
Khaling language
Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mondr) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Iranian branch spoken by the Kalash people, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. Georg Morgenstierne maintains that "The Kalasha do not belong to the special Kafir branch of Indo-Iranian but speak a true Indo-Aryan language." The Kalasha language is phonologically atypical because it contrasts plain, long, nasal, and retroflex vowels as well as combinations of these (Heegård & Mørch 2004). According to the Chitrali researcher Rehmat Aziz Chitrali, the correct name of the language is Kalasha.
Kalasha
Kalash language
South Slavey
Slavey, South
Nukna
Klao (also Klaoh) is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family, spoken primarily in Liberia, with some speakers also in Sierra Leone. It uses SVO word order for main clauses and SOV for embedded clauses. A Klao translation of the Bible by missionary Nancy Lightfoot was released in 2000. The language has Western, West Central, Central, and Eastern dialects.
Klao
Klao language
Maskelynes
Lindu
Koluwawa
Kalao
Kabola
Konni
Kasem is a Gur language spoken in the Upper Eastern Region of Ghana and in Burkina Faso.
Kasem
Kassem
Kasem language
North Mbundu, or Kimbundu, one of two Bantu languages called Mbundu (see Umbundu), is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola, concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu; (Ambundu is the short form for Akwa Mbundu and Akwa means from, or of, or more originally originally from and belonging to. In Kimbundu language the particle Akwa is shortened into simply A, so that instead of Akwa Mbndu it becomes Ambundu; similarly the term Akwa Ngola becomes ANgola, then Angola; Ngola was title for kings in Northern Angolan kingdom in the past, before the Portuguese invasion).
Kimbundu
kimbundu
Idioma kimbundu
Kimbundu-Sprache
North Mbundu language
kiMboundou
quimbundo
Southern Dong
Dong, Southern
Majukayang Kalinga
Kalinga, Majukayang
Bakole
Kare is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. It was recognized as being somewhat divergent by Malcolm Ross.
Kare (Papua New Guinea)
Kâte is a Papuan language spoken by about 6,000 people in the Finschhafen District of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Finisterre–Huon branch of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages (Ross 2005). It was adopted for teaching and mission work among speakers of Papuan languages by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea in the early 1900s and at one time had as many as 80,000 second-language speakers.
Kâte
Kâte language
Kalam
Kami (Nigeria)
The Kumarbhag Paharia (Devanagari: कुमारभाग पहाड़िया) language is spoken in the Jharkhand and West Bengal states of India, and tiny pockets of Orissa state. It is a member of the Northern branch of the Dravidian language family, along with the Kurukh language (also spoken in India) and the Brahui language spoken in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. The language is sometime referred to as Kumar Malto. It is closely related to the Sauria Paharia language, to the point where both are sometimes together referred to as the Malto language.
Kumarbhag Paharia
Kumarbhag paharia
Kumarbhag Paharia language
Limos Kalinga
Kalinga, Limos
Tanudan Kalinga
Kalinga, Tanudan
Kom is a Kukish language of India.
Kom (India)
Mazaltepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Mazaltepec
Awtuw (Autu), also known as Kamnum, is spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is a polysynthetic language closely related to Karawa and Pouye.
Awtuw
Awtuw language
Sanga is a Kainji language of Nigeria.
Sanga
Sanga (Nigeria)
Sanga language
Kwoma is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea.
Kwoma
Kwoma language
Gimme
Kwama (also Afan Mao, Amam, Gogwama, Goma, Gwama, Koma of Asosa, Nokanoka, North Koma, T'wa Kwama, Takwama) is a Nilo-Saharan Koman language, spoken in the South Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, along the Sudan border between Asosa and Gidami.
Kwama
Kwama language
Kurmanji (Kurmancî in Kurdish) or Northern Kurdish (sometimes misspelled as Kirmanji, Kurmangi or Kermanji) is the most commonly spoken dialect of the Kurdish language.
Curmânji
Kurmandji
Kurmandschi
Kurmanji
Kurdish, Northern
Northern Kurdish
Kamasau
Kemtuik (Kamtuk) is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is very close to Gresi.
Kemtuik
Kemtuik language
Kanite
Lanc-Patuá is a creole language spoken in the state of Amapá in Brazil, primarily now around the capital, Macapá. It is a French-based creole language, spoken by local Indians and immigrants from French Guiana, the Caribbean and other areas of Brazil, and their descendants. It has some English and Portuguese influence on its vocabulary, but its grammar is clearly similar to the French-based creole languages of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.
Lanc-Patuá creole
Lanc-patuá
Lingua lanc-patuá
Creole French, Karipúna
Karipúna Creole French
Komo is a Bantu language spoken by half a million people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including an area around the major upriver port of Kisangani.
Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Waboda
The Koma language is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages.
Koma
Koma language
Khorasani Turkic (, Torki-e Khorasani), or Qizilbash Turkic , is a language variety in the Turkic language family. It is spoken in northern Khorasan in Iran. Khorasani Turkic speakers can also speak Persian.
Chorasan-türkische Sprache
Idioma turco de Jorasán
Khorasani Turkish
Turk du Khorassan
Khorasani Turkic language
Solano is an unclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeast Mexico and perhaps also in the neighboring U.S. state of Texas.
Idioma solano
Solano
Solano language
Dera (Nigeria)
Lubuagan Kalinga
Kalinga, Lubuagan
Central Kanuri
Kanuri, Central
Konda (Ogit, Yabin) is the westernmost mainland Trans–New Guinea language.
Konda
Kankanaey, is a language used on the island of Luzon in The Philippines. It is widely used by Cordillerans, specifically people from the Mountain Province and people from the Northern part of the Benguet Province.
Kankanaey
Kankana-ey language
The Mankanya language is spoken by approximately 70,000 people in Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia primarily belonging to the ethnic group of the same name. It belongs to the Bak branch of the Niger–Congo language family.
Mancagne
Mankanja
Mankanya
Mankanya language
Koongo
Kanufi
Akatek is a Mayan language spoken by the Akatek people primarily in the Huehuetenango Department, Guatemala in and around the municipalities of Concepción Huista, Nentón, San Miguel Acatán, San Rafael La Independencia and San Sebastián Coatán. A number of speakers also live in Chiapas, Mexico. It is a living language with 58,600 speakers as of 1998, of which 48,500 lived in Guatemala and the remaining in Mexico.
Akatek language
Akatekisch
Akateko
Idioma acateco
Língua acateca
Kanjobal, Western
Western Kanjobal
Kuranko is a Mande language spoken by approximately 350,000 people in Sierra Leone and Guinea. In Guinea it blends into Eastern Maninkakan dialectologically, but the people are ethnically distinct.
Kuranko
Kuranko language
Keninjal
Kanamarí is a Katukinian language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil. It is considered endangered.
Idioma kanamarí
Kanamarí
Kanamarí language
Konkani
concani
konkani
Konkani (individual language)
Silopi
The Kono language (Kɔnɔ) is a language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Kono people. The Kono District is situated in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone and contains 14 chiefdoms, each headed by a Paramount Chief. The language varies slightly between chiefdoms.
Kono (Sierra Leone)
Kono language
Kwanja (Konja) is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon.
Kwanja
Kwanja language
Kintaq, or Kentaq Bong, is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya and Thailand. The small number of speakers is decreasing.
Kintaq
Kintaq language
Kaningra
Kensiu (Kensiw) is a Northern Aslian (Jahaic) language, a sub-branch of the Mon–Khmer language family. It is spoken by a small community of 300 in Yala Province in southern Thailand and also reportedly by a community of approximately 300 speakers in Western Malaysia in Perak and Kedah States. Speakers of this language are Negritos who are known as the Mani people or Maniq of Thailand.
Kensiu
Kensiu language
Panoan Katukína
Katukína, Panoan
Kono (Guinea)
Makhuwa-Saka
Waia (Waya) or Tabo is a language of the proposed South-Central Papuan family in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.
Tabo
Tabo language
Ekoka !Kung (Ekoka !Xung, Ekoka-!Xû, Kung-Ekoka) is a variety of the !Kung dialect cluster, spoken originally in northern Namibia and southern Angola, but since the Angolan civil war, also in South Africa.
Kung-Ekoka
Ekoka !Kung
Salako
Kendayan
Kanyok
Kalamsé
Konomala
Kpati is an extinct Bantoid language formerly spoken in Taraba State, Nigeria.
Kpati
Kpati language
Sherpa (, EWTS: sher-pA, Devanagari: शेर्पा; also Sharpa, Sharpa Bhotia, Xiaerba, Serwa; ISO 639-3: xsr) is a language spoken in parts of Nepal and Sikkim mainly by the Sherpa community. About 130,000 speakers live in Nepal (2001 census), some 20,000 in India (1997), and some 800 in Tibet (1994).
Sherpa
Langue sherpa
Sherpa language
Kodi
The Kacipo-Balesi language (also Silmamo, Tsilmamo, Zelmamu, Zilmamu, Zulmamu) is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Baale and Zilmamu people of Ethiopia and the Kacipo of South Sudan. It is a member of the Surmic cluster. There are three main dialects: Balesi (Baale), Kacipo, and Zilmamu.
Kacipo-Balesi
Kacipo-Balesi language
Kubi (also known as Kuba, Kubawa) is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Members of the ethnic group now speak Hausa.
Kubi
Kubi language
Kogi (Cogui), or Kagaba (Cágaba), is a Chibchan language of Colombia. The Kogi people are almost entirely monolingual, and maintain the only unconquered Andean civilization.
Kogi
Cogui
Kogi language
Koyo
Komi-Permyak language ( or ) is one of two regional varieties of the pluricentrical Komi language, the other variety being Komi-Zyrian.
Idioma komi permio
Komi-Permyak
Komi-permiak
Lingua permiaca
Língua komi-permyak
Komi-Permyak language
Sara Dunjo
Konkani (Devanāgarī:, ),is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages and is spoken on the western coast of India. It has approximately 3.6 million speakers. It is one of the official languages of India and is the official language of the Indian state of Goa. It is a minority language in Karnataka and northern Kerala (Kasaragod district).
Idioma konkaní
Lingua konkani
Língua concani
Konkani (macrolanguage)
Konkani language
The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 4000 speakers.
Kol (Papua New Guinea)
The Komi language (in Komi: коми кыв, transliteration: komi kyv [komi kɨv]) is a Finno-Permic language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia. Komi is one of the two members of the Permic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric branch. The other Permic language is Udmurt, to which Komi is closely related.
Komi
komi
Idioma komi
Komi language
Komi-Sprache
Lingua komi
Língua komi
The Kongo language, or Kikongo, is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola. It is a tonal language and formed the base for Kituba, a Bantu creole and lingua franca throughout much of west central Africa. It was spoken by many of those who were taken from the region and sold as slaves in the Americas. For this reason, while Kongo still is spoken in the above-mentioned countries, creolized forms of the language are found in ritual speech of African-derived religions in Brazil, Jamaica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and especially in Haiti. It is also one of the sources of the Gullah people's language and the Palenquero creole in Colombia. The vast majority of present-day speakers live in Africa. There are roughly seven million native speakers of Kongo, with perhaps two million more who use it as a second language.
Kikongo
Kongo
conguês
kongo
Kongo language
Kongolesisch
Lingua kongo
congolês
The Konjo (pl. Bakonjo, sing. Mukonjo), or Konzo, are a people located in the Rwenzori Mountains of southwest Uganda. Numbering 361,709 in the 1992 census, they live on the plains, hills and mountain slopes up to an altitude 2,200 meters. Traditionally agriculturalists and animal husbanders, they farm yams, beans, sweet potatoes, peanuts, soy beans, potatoes, rice, wheat, cassava, coffee, bananas, and cotton, while keeping goats, sheep, and poultry. The Konjo practice traditional religions and Christianity. Konjo speakers also live on the western slopes of the Rwenzori range in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bakonjo
Konjo
konjo
Konzo
Kwato or Waupe is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Waube
Waube language
Assan was a Yeniseian language which became extinct in the 19th century. It was closely related to the Kott language.
Assan
Assane
Assan language
iKota or Kota, not to be confused with the Indian-dravidic Kota language, is an African language spoken by the Bakota people. It is spoken in northeastern Gabon, Ogooué-Ivindo Province and in some areas of Republic of Congo. According to Ethnologue there are 34,442 Kota speakers in Gabon and 9,055 in the Republic of Congo.
Kota (Gabon)
Korean (, see below) is the official language of South Korea and North Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Peoples Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. For over a millenium, Korean was written with adapted Chinese characters called hanja, complemented by phonetic systems like hyangchal, gugyeol, and idu. In the 15th century, a national writing system called hangul was commissioned by Sejong the Great, but it only came into widespread use in the 20th century, because of the yangban aristocracys preference for hanja.
Coréen
Korean
Koreanisch
coreano
Idioma coreano
Korean language
Koreanische Sprache
Lingua coreana
Língua coreana
coréen
Kosraean, also sometimes called Kusaiean, is the language spoken on the islands of Kosrae (Kusaie), Caroline Islands, and Nauru. In 2001 there were approximately 8,000 speakers.
Kosraean
Kosraeanisch
kosrae
kosraean
kosraeano
Kosrae
Kosraean language
Kosraeanische Sprache
kusaien
Lagwan is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects include Logone-Birni and Logone-Gana.
Lagwan
Lagwan language
Koke
Kudu-Camo
Kugama
Coxima (Koxima) is an extinct unclassified language of Colombia.
Coxima
Coxima language
Koyukon
Língua koyukon
Koyukon language
Korak
Kúttò (Kupto) is a minor West Chadic language of Nigeria.
Kutto
Kutto language
Mullu Kurumba
Kurumba, Mullu
Idioma sanemá
Sanumá
Sanumá language
Curripako (Curripaco, Kurripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako) is an Arawakan language principally of Colombia and Venezuela. There are also a thousand speakers in Brazil.
Curripaco
Curripaco language
Koba
The Kpelle language is spoken by the Kpelle people and is part of the Mande family of languages. Guinean Kpelle (known as Guerze in French), spoken by half a million people, concentrated primarily, but not exclusively, in the forest regions of Guinea, whose capital, Nzérékoré, is the third largest city in Guinea and the largest city in the Guinée Forestière region of south-eastern Guinea bordering Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Liberian Kpelle, spoken by half again as many, is currently taught in schools in Liberia.
Kpelle
kpelle
kpellé
Kpelle language
Kpelle-Sprache
Kpèllé
Língua kpelle
Komba is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Komba
Komba language
Kapingamarangi is a Polynesian language spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia. It has about 3000 native speakers. The language is closely related to the Nukuoro language.
Kapingamarangi
Kapingamarangische Sprache
Lingua Kapingamarangi
Kapingamarangi language
Kplang
Kofei
The Karajá language, also known as Ynã, is spoken by around 3600 Karajá people in some 30 villages in central Brazil. Dialects are North Karaja, South Karaja, Xambioá, and Javaé. There is male and female speech; one of the principal differences is that men drop the sound /k/, which is pronounced by women.
Carajás
Karajá
Karajá language
Kpan
Kpala
Sre or Koho is a Bahnaric language spoken in the region around the city of Di Linh in Vietnam, by the Degar (or Montagnard) people. Sre is the name of one of its dialect, whereas Koho is more inclusive.
Koho
Koho language
Sudovian (also known as Jatvingian or Yotvingian) is an extinct western Baltic language of Northeastern Europe. Closely related to the Old Prussian language, it was formerly spoken southwest of the Nemunas river in what is now Lithuania, east of Galindia and north of Yotvingia, and by exiles in East Prussia.
Jatwingische Sprache
Sudovian
Lingua jatvingica
Sudovien
Sudóvio
Sudovian language
Kepkiriwát
Kposo language, or Ikposo , is the language of the Akposso people, spoken mainly in the Plateau Region of Togo, but also into eastern Ghana. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages.
Akposo
Ikposo
Kposo language
Korupun is a Papuan language of West Papua. Dialects are Korupun (Duram), Dagi, Sisibna (Gobugdua), Deibula, Sela. It is also known as Kimyal of Korupun; Kimyal is another name for Nalca.
Korupun-Sela
Korupun language
Korafe-Yegha
Tehit is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Other spellings are Tahit, Tehid, and other names Kaibus, Teminabuan. Dialects are Tehit Jit, Mbol Fle, Saifi, Imyan, Sfa Riere, Fkar, Sawiat Salmeit.
Tehit
Tehit language
Karata is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people in 1990 according to the survey of A. Kibrik and by 6,400 people in 2006 according to the survey of Koryakov. Speakers use Avar as their literary language.
Karata
Lingua karata
Karata language
Kafoa
Yodz, Komi-Yodzyak (; Komi-Yodz), or Komi-Yazva is spoken mostly in Krasnovishersky District of Perm Krai in Russia, in the basin of the Yazva River. It is a Permic language closely related to Komi-Zyrian and Permyak. It has no official status.
Komi-Zyrian
Komi-Yodzyak language
Kobon (pronounced Kombon) is a language of Papua New Guinea. It has somewhere around 90-120 verbs.
Kobon
Kobon language
Mountain Koiari (Koiali) is a language of Papua New Guinea. Half of speakers are monolingual.
Mountain Koiali
Koiali, Mountain
Mountain Koiali language
Koryak is a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language spoken by circa 3,000 people (Koryak) in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Koryak Okrug. It is mostly a language spoken by Koryaks. Its close relative, the Chukchi language, is spoken by about twice that number. The language together with Chukchi, Kerek, Alutor and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. Its name in Koryak is нымылан, Nymylan, but the name imposed by the Russians is the most common.
Idioma coriaco
Koriak
Korjakische Sprache
Koryak
Lingua koryak
Língua koriaque
Koryak language
Kupsabiny (Sabiny), or Sebei, is a Kalenjin language of Uganda.
Kupsabiny
Sabiny language
Mum is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Mum
Mum language
Kovai (Kobai, Kowai) is a Papuan language spoken on Umboi Island, halfway between mainland Papua New Guinea and the island of New Britain, and mostly within the caldera of that volcanic island.
Kovai
Kovai language
Texmelucan Zapotec
Zapotec, Texmelucan
Doromu-Koki
Saisiyat is the language of the Saisiyat, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family. It has approximately 4,750 speakers.
Lingua Saisiyat
Saisiyat
Saisiyat language
Koy Sanjaq Surat is a modern Eastern Syriac-Aramaic language. Speakers of the language call it simply Surat, or Syriac. It is spoken in the town of Koy Sanjaq and its nearby village of Armota in the province of Arbil as well as in Ankawa. The speakers of Koy Sanjaq Surat are traditionally Assyrian Chaldean Catholics.
Koy Sanjaq Surat
Koy Sanjaq Syriac language
Kalagan
Kakabai
Khe
Kisankasa
Koitabu
Koromira is an East Papuan language spoken in the mountains of southern Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Koromira
Koromira language
Kotafon Gbe
Gbe, Kotafon
Kyenele Miyak is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea.
Kyenele
Kyenele language
Khisa
Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger–Congo family) that is spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kaonde and its dialects are spoken and understood by perhaps 350,000 people or more. It is estimated that approximately 3% of Zambians are native Kaonde speakers. Kaonde speakers overwhelmingly live in the northwestern part of Zambia.
Chikaonde
Kaonde
Kaonde language
Konobo, or Eastern Krahn, is a Kru language of Liberia.
Eastern Krahn
Konobo language
Krahn, Eastern
Kimré is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region of Chad. Like most related languages, it is popularly called "Gabri".
Kimré
Kimré language
Alcozauca Mixtec
Mixtec, Alcozauca
The Krenak language, or Botocudo, is the moribund sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Gê languages. It was once spoken by the Botocudo people in Mato Grosso, but is known primarily by older women today.
Krenak
Krenak language
Kimaragang
Northern Kissi
Kissi, Northern
Klias River Kadazan
Kadazan, Klias River
Seroa was a dialect of the extinct ǀXam language of the ǃKwi family, spoken in South Africa and Lesotho. The name "Seroa" is an exonym from Sesotho meaning "language of the San" derived from the general Sesotho name "Baroa" (or "Barwa" in South African Sesotho spelling) meaning simply "San people". Local or dialectical names were and .
Lingua seroa
Língua seroa
Seroa
Seroa dialect
Okolod
Kandas
Mser is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects are Gawi, Houlouf, Kabe, Kalo, Mser. Mser is in rapid decline.
Mser
Mser language
Chazumba Mixtec
Mixtec, Chazumba
Koorete (also Amaarro, Amarro, Badittu, Koore, Koyra, Kwera, Nuna) is the language spoken by the Koore people of southern Ethiopia.
Koorete
Koorete language
Korana, or ǃOra, is a moribund Khoe language of South Africa. An ethnic Korana population (also called Griqua) of 10,000 live in South Africa, and perhaps Botswana, with perhaps half a dozen elderly speakers as of 2008.
Idioma korana
Korana
Língua korana
Korana language
Kumhali
Karkin (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is a name of one sub-group of the indigenous Ohlone people of California, as well as the name of the language they spoke.
Karkin
Karkin language
The Karachay-Balkar language (Къарачай-Малкъар тил, Qaraçay-Malqar til or Таулу тил, Tawlu til) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem which pronounces two phonemes as and , and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as and . The modern Karachay-Balkar written language is based on Karachay-Baksan-Chegem dialect.
Karachay-Balkar
Karatchaï-balkar
Karatschaiisch-Balkarisch
karachay-Balkar
karachay-balkar
Idioma karachayo-bálkaro
Karachay-Balkar language
Karatschai-Balkarische Sprache
Lingua caraciai-balcara
Língua carachaio-bálcara
karatchai balkar
karatchaï balkar
Kairui-Midiki
Panará, also known as Kreen Akarore, is a Ge language of Brazil.
Panará
Panara language
Koro is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu. Its 280 speakers live in the village of Koro, on the south coast of Gaua.
Koro (Vanuatu)
Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster spoken in Kordofan. Stevenson treats them as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages.
Kadugli language
Katcha-Kadugli-Miri
The Kurama or Kurumi language, Tukurami, is a Kainji language of Nigeria with 40,000 speakers. Kurama speakers are found in the central northern Nigerian states of Kaduna and Kano.
Kurama
Kurama language
Aku is a variety of Sierra Leone Krio, an English-based Creole language of Western Africa. Aku is spoken primarily in Gambia, mainly by the Aku people, who are descendants of the Sierra Leone Creole people. In many ways the Akus are an extension of the Sierra Leone Creole community.
Aku
Krio
Aku dialect
Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines. It is also spoken in Iloilo province, the south of Capiz Province, and certain villages in Mindanao that trace their roots to Antique Province or Kinaray-a speaking areas of Iloilo and Capiz Provinces. Kinaray-a came from the word "iraya" equivalent to "ilaya" in Tagalog, which refers to a group of people residing in the mountain areas of the province. While groups of people residing near the river delta are referred to as "ilawod" from the Hiligaynon word "lawod", which refers to a large body of water (sea, ocean, lake, or strait). However, Kinaray-a does not necessarily refer to the way or language spoken by the highlanders of Panay Island. Speakers of this language are called, "Karay-a."
Kinaray-A
Kinaray-a
Kinaray-a language
Kerek was a language of Russia that belongs to the northern branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages. On historical linguistic grounds it is most closely related to Koryak (both languages have a merger of the proto-Chuktotian phonemes /*ð/ and /*r/ with /*j/). The next closest relative is Chukchi (/*ð/ and /*r/ are merged, but not /*j/).
Kerek
Língua kereque
Kerek language
Karelian language (karjala, karjal or kariela) is a Finnic language spoken mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Linguistically Karelian is closely related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland and some Finnish linguists even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish. Karelian is not to be confused with the Southeastern dialects of Finnish, sometimes referred to as karjalaismurteet (Karelian dialects) in Finland. Finnish and Karelian have common ancestry in the Proto-Karelian language spoken in the coast of Lake Ladoga in the Iron Age and Karelian forms a dialect continuum with the Eastern dialects of Finnish. Earlier some Finnish linguists classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish, sometimes known in older Finnish literature as Raja-Karjalan murteet (Border Karelian dialects), but today, however, Karelian is seen as a proper language. Besides Karelian and Finnish, the Finnic subgroup also includes Estonian and other minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea.
Carélien
Karelian
Karelisch
Língua carélia
careliano
carelio
Idioma carelio
Karelian language
Karelische Sprache
Lingua careliana
carélien
idioma carélio
The Krim language (also known as Kim, Kimi, Kirim, or Kiltim) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. It belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family.
Kirim
Krim
Krim language
The Sapo language, also known as Sarpo or Southern Krahn, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken in eastern Liberia, primarily in Grand Gedeh County and Sinoe County, by the Sapo people. Its dialects include: Juarzon, Kabade (Karbardae), Nomopo (Nimpo), Putu, Sinkon (Senkon), and Waya (Wedjah).
Sapo
Sapo language
The Dorop language, Korop Ododop or Erorop, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Korop
Dorop language
Kru'ng 2
Kresh, also known as Kresh-Ndogo and Gbaya-Ndogo, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan and the prestige variety of the Kresh languages.
Gbaya (Sudan)
Kresh language
Tumari Kanuri
Kanuri, Tumari
Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec
Mixtec, Diuxi-Tilantongo
Kurukh (Devanagari: कुड़ुख़), also called Kurux, Kuṛux or Kuruḵẖ, is a Dravidian language spoken by the Oraon and Kisan tribal peoples of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal, India, as well as in northern Bangladesh. It is most closely related to Brahui and Malto (Paharia). It is also known as Oraon.
Kurukh
Oraon-Sprache
kurukh
Kurukh language
Kavet
Western Krahn
Krahn, Western
The Karon language is an endangered language of Senegal and Gambia. It belongs to the Bak branch of the Niger–Congo language family, and is particularly closely related to the Mlomp language.
Karon
Karone
Karon language
Kryts (Kryc), or Jek (Cek, Dzek), is a Samur language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan by 6,000 people in 1975.
Krysische Sprache
Kryts
Kryz
Lingua kryts
Kryts language
Sota Kanum
Kanum, Sota
Shuwa-Zamani
Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Shambala
chambala
shambala
Shambala language
Ketengban, also known as Kupel, is a Papuan language of West Papua, near the Papua New Guinea border. Dialects are Okbap, Omban, Bime, Onya.
Ketengban
Ketengban language
Southern Kalinga
Kalinga, Southern
The Tolai language, or Kuanua, is spoken by the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. (This language is often referred to in the literature as Tolai. However, Tolai is actually the name of the cultural group. The Tolais themselves refer to their language as A Tinata Tuna, which translates as The Real Language. Kuanua is apparently a word in the Duke of York language, meaning The place over there.)
Kuanua
Tolai language
Kuni
Kpa’, or Bafia, is a Bantu language of Cameroon.
Bafia
bafia
Kpa' language
Kusaghe is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,400 people on New Georgia Island, Solomon Islands.
Kusaghe
Kusaghe language
Ripuarian (also Ripuarian Franconian or Ripuarisch Platt; natively Ripoarėsch) is a German dialect group, part of the West Central German language group. Together with the Moselle Franconian and Luxembourgish language, Ripuarian belongs to the larger Central Franconian dialect family and also to the Rhinelandic linguistic continuum with the Low Franconian languages.
Kölsch
Ripuario
Ripuarische Dialekte
francique ripuaire
kölsch
Colognian
Francique ripuaire
Fráncico ripuario
Ripuarian language
coloniese
I’saka is the language spoken by the people of the villages of Krisa and Pasi in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It has also been referred to as Krisa, after the village, although this name is not actually a possible word in the language itself. The sole published source for the language is Donohue and San Roque (2004) (see references), although the authors of this have also Identified I’saka material in Donald Laycock's unpublished fieldnotes.
Krisa
I'saka
I'saka language
Uare (Kwale) is a language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Garihe (Garia) and Uare proper (Kwale, Kware).
Uare
Uare language
Kansa is a Siouan language once spoken by the Kaw people of Oklahoma. The last mother-tongue speaker, Walter Kekahbah, died in 1983.
Kansa
Kanza
Kansa language
Kumalu
Kumba
Transalpine Gaulish
Gaulish, Transalpine
Kasiguranin
Kofa (also known as Kota) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Adamawa State, Nigeria. There is no current estimate of the number of its speakers.
Kofa
Kofa language
Kaba
The Kwaami language, also known as Komawa, Kwam, Kwamanchi, Kwami, or Kwom, is a West Chadic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria, near the city of Gombe.
Kwaami
Kwaami language
Borong
Southern Kisi
Kisi, Southern
Winyé, or Kolsi, is a Gur language of Burkina Faso. Speakers are largely monolingual.
Winyé
Winye language
Khamyang
Yitha Yitha
Kusu
Sgaw, also known as Sgaw Karen and Sgaw Kayin, is a Karen language spoken by over one million Sgaw Karen people in Burma, and 200,000 in Thailand. Sgaw Karen is spoken in Tanintharyi Regions Ayeyarwady Delta, Yangon Division, Bago Division and Kayin State. The two main dialects of S'gaw Karen are Panapu and Palakhi. It is written using the Burmese script. A Bible translation was published in 1853.
S'gaw Karen
Karen, S'gaw
S'gaw Karen language
Kedang
Kharia Thar is an Indic language spoken by the Hill Kharia culture of India.
Kharia Thar
Kharia Thar language
Qiubei Zhuang
Zhuang, Qiubei
Kodaku
Sinicahua Mixtec
Mixtec, Sinicahua
Katua
Kambaata is a Highland East Cushitic language, part of the larger Afro-Asiatic family and spoken by the Kambaata. Dialects are Donga, Kambaata and Tambaro. It is one of the official languages of Ethiopia. The language has a large number of verbal affixes. When these are affixed to verbal roots, there are a large amount of morphophonemic changes. The language has SOV order (subject–object–verb). The phonemes of Kambaata include five vowels (which are distinctively long or short), a set of ejectives, a retroflexed implosive, and glottal stop.
Kambaata
Kambaata language
Kholok (also known as Kode, Koode, Kwoode, Pia, Pitiko, Widala, Wurkum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.
Kholok
Kholok language
Kokata
Nubri
Kwami
Kalkatungu (also written Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkadoon, Galgaduun) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken around the area of Mount Isa, Queensland.
Kalkutung
Kalkatungu language
Karanga is a Maban language language of Chad spoken by four peoples, each with their own dialect: the Karanga (Kurunga), Kashmere (Kachmere), Bakha (Baxa, Bakhat) Fala (Faala), and Koniéré (Konyare, Kognere) Moyo (Mooyo).
Karanga
Karanga language
San Juan Teita Mixtec
Mixtec, San Juan Teita
North Muyu
Muyu, North
Plapo Krumen
Krumen, Plapo
The Kaniet language was one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, a subgroup of the Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Wuvulu-Aua and Seimat. The language was spoken on the Kaniet Islands and the western Anchorite Islands in western Manus Province of Papua New Guinea until the 1950s.
Kaniet
Kaniet language
The Koroshi dialect (Balochi: کوروشی), is a Northwestern Iranian language. The speakers of Koroshi live in scattered pockets in Southern Iranian Fars province. The number of speakers was roughly estimated to be 1000 in 2006.
Koroshi
Koroshi dialect
Kurti
Karitiâna or Caritiana is a Tupi language spoken in the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil. Their reservation, demarcated by the Fundação Nacional do Indio (FUNAI) in 1977, consists of roughly 90,000 hectares of jungle. The majority of the Karitiana people live in one village at the northern edge of this reservation, located 90 km (by road) south of the state capital, Porto Velho.
Karitiana
Karitiâna
Karitiâna language
The Kuot language, or Panaras, is a language isolate, the only non-Austronesian language spoken on the island of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. There are about 2,400 speakers, concentrated primarily on the northwest coast of the island. Perhaps due to the small speaker base, there are no significant dialects present within Kuot.
Kuot
Kuot language
Kaduo
Tijaltepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Tijaltepec
Katabaga
Kota Marudu Tinagas
South Muyu
Muyu, South
Ketum
Kituba
Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Eastern Katu
Katu, Eastern
Kato (also written Cahto) is an extinct Athabaskan language that was spoken by the Kato people of northwestern California, USA. It also referred to as Batem-Da-Kai-Ee, Kai Po-Mo, and Tlokeang.
Kato
Cahto language
Kaxararí is a Panoan language of Brazil.
Kaxararí
Kaxararí language
Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec
Mixtec, Magdalena Peñasco
Kango is a Bantu language spoken in the Bas-Uele District of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It may be a cover term for various dialects spoken by fishermen in the area.
Kango
Kango (Bas-Uélé District)
Kango language
Ju/'hoan
Lingua juǀ'hoan
Língua Juǀʼhoan
Juǀʼhoansi
Kwanyama or Oshikwanyama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Ndonga, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form.
Kuanyama
Kwanyama
kuanyama
Idioma kuanyama
Kwanyama dialect
Lingua kwanyama
Oshikwanyama
Kuteb (Kutep) is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria, with a thousand-or-so speakers across the border in Cameroon.
Kutep
Kuteb language
Kwinsu
’Auhelawa is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,200 people in Nuakata Island and the southeastern tip of Normanby Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.
'Auhelawa
'Auhelawa language
Kuman (also Simbu or Chimbu) is a language of Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea. , it was spoken by about 80,000 people, 10,000 of which were monolinguals. In 2000 the number of speakers increased to 115,000.
Kuman
Kuman language
Western Katu
Katu, Western
Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec
Mixtec, Northern Tlaxiaco
Kupa
Kushi is a West Chadic language of Nigeria.
Kushi
Kushi language
Kuikúro-Kalapálo, Apalakiri, is a Cariban language spoken by the Kuikuro and Kalapalo peoples of Brazil.
Kuikuro language
Kuikúro-Kalapálo
Kuria
Kuria language
Kepo'
Kulere (also known as Tof, Korom Boye, Akandi, Akande, Kande) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Tof, Richa, Kamwai-Marhai.
Kulere
Kulere language
Kumyk (Qumuq tili, Qumuqça or Qumuq (alternative spelling: Kumuk tili, Kumukça)) (Къумукъ тили) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 365,000 speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.
Koumyk
Kumyk
Kumükisch
kumyk
Idioma cumuco
Kumyk language
Kumykische Sprache
Lingua kumyk
Língua kumyk
koumyk
The Kunama language is a language isolate which has been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Kunama spoken by the Kunama people of western Eritrea and just across the Ethiopian border. The language has several dialects including: Barka. Marda, Aimara, Odasa, Tika, Lakatakura, Sokodasa, Takazze-Selit, and Tigray. Ilit and Bitama are not mutually intelligible and so may be considered distinct languages.
Kunama
Lingua cunama
Kunama language
Tokharian A
Kumukio
Kunimaipa
Karipuná is a Tupi language spoken by 12-15 individuals in Rondônia, Brazil, though it is unknown how many speakers live in the forest. It is near extinction. It is very similar to neighboring languages, and might be considered a dialect of Kagwahiva.
Karipuna
Karipuná language
Kurdish (Kurdish: or ) is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. The Persian language is one of its close modern relatives.
Kurdisch
Kurdish
curdo
kurde
kurdo
Idioma kurdo
Kurde
Kurdische Sprachen
Kurdish language
Lingua curda
Língua curda
Kusaal is a Gur language spoken primarily in northern Ghana. It is spoken by roughly 400,000 people and takes its name from the Kusasi people, who form the majority of the population of the area in the far northeast of Ghana, between the Gambaga escarpment, the Red Volta, and the national borders with Togo and Burkina Faso. There are some villages of Kusaasi in Burkina and also a few speakers in Togo. Kusaal is closely related to Mampruli, the language of the Mamprussi, who live to the south, and to Dagbani. There is a major dialect division between Agole, to the east of the White Volta river, and Toende, to the West. Agole has more speakers, and the only large town of the district, Bawku, is in Agole. The New Testament translation is in the Agole dialect.
Kusaal
Kusaal language
The Kutenai language (also Kootenai or Ktunaxa language) is named after and is spoken by some of the Kootenai Native American/First Nations people who are indigenous to the area of North America that is now Montana, Idaho, and British Columbia.
Kutenai
Kutenai-Sprache
kutenai
Idioma kutenai
Kutenai language
The Upper Kuskokwim language (also called Kolchan or Goltsan) is an Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené language family. It is spoken in the Upper Kuskokwim River villages of Nikolai, Telida, and McGrath, Alaska. About 40 of a total of 160 Upper Kuskokwim people (Dichinanek’ Hwt’ana) still speak the language. A practical orthography of the language was established by Raymond Collins, who in 1964 began linguistic work at Nikolai.
Idioma dinak'i
Kolchan
Língua kolchan
Upper Kuskokwim
Kuskokwim, Upper
Upper Kuskokwim language
Kur
San Miguel Piedras Mixtec
Mixtec, San Miguel Piedras
Kpagua
Kukatja
Kuuku-Ya'u
Kunza Cunza, also known as Likanantaí, Lipe, Ulipe, or Atacameño, is an extinct, unclassified language spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Perú (specifically in Peine, Socaire (Salar de Atacama), and Caspana) by the Lickan-antay people, who have since shifted to Spanish.
Kunza
Kunza language
The Bagvalal language is an Avar–Andic language spoken by the Bagvalals in southwestern Dagestan, Russia, along the right bank of the river Andi-Koisu and the surrounding hills, near the Georgian border. It is fairly similar to Tindi, its closest relative. There were about 6,500 people who speak Bagvalal in the survey by Koryakov in 2006.
Bagvalal
Bagwalal
Bagvalal language
Kubu
Kove is an Austronesian languages of New Britain.
Kove
Kove language
Kui is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by 4,240 people in several enclaves on Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Kui
Kui (Indonesia)
Kui language
Tumshuqese
Kalabakan
The Kabalai language is Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwest Chad
Kabalai
Kabalai language
Kuni-Boazi
Komodo
Kwang is an East Chadic language of Chad.
Kwang
Kwang language
Psikye is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. Dialects include Psikye and Zlenge.
Psikye
Psikye language
Gaya (Kaya), also transliterated Kara, is the presumed language of the Gaya confederacy in southern Korea. It is supposedly attested from thirteen toponyms, but it cannot be certain that these reflect the Gaya language itself rather than an earlier language. These place names appear to be in a language related to Japanese, and constitute part of the evidence for the Japanese–Koguryoic hypothesis. However, Koguryo (Goguryeo) itself came from further north, and may have been a language related to Korean that replaced Japonic languages in southern Korea. As Gaya grew out of one of the Samhan nations, it may be that the Goguryeo-derived elite language of Baekje was related to Korean, while the indigenous Samhan language was related to Gaya, assuming they were not both related to Korean. That is, Gaya might not be one of the Buyeo languages but rather part of Japonic.
Gaya language
Kara (Korea)
Korean Sign Language or KSL (Korean: 手話 수화 Suhwa) is the deaf sign language of Korea. 1889 The beginnings of KSL date from 1889. The first primary school for deaf children, opened in 1908, used KSL. Commonality Although the origins of KSL predate the colonial period, the sign language developed some features in common with Japanese Sign Language (JSL) grammar.
Korean Sign Language
Langue des signes coréenne
Early Tripuri
Tripuri, Early
Brek, also known as Brek Karen, Bwe, and Kayaw, is a Karen language of Burma.
Kayaw
Kayaw language
Kendem
Border Kuna
Kuna, Border
Dobel
Kompane
Geba Karen
Karen, Geba
Kerinci
Kunggara
Sindihui Mixtec
Mixtec, Sindihui
Lahta
Karen, Lahta
Lahta Karen
Yinbaw Karen
Karen, Yinbaw
Kola
The Wersing language, also known as Kolana after its primary dialect, is spoken in scattered settlements around the coast of Alor in Indonesia. It is not part of the Alor–Pantar group spoken over most of the island. Though not closely related to either, it has cultural connections with Tukudede on the neighboring island of Timor.
Wersing
Wersing language
The Parkari Koli language (sometimes called just Parkari) is a language mainly spoken in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is spoken in the southeast tip bordering India, Tharparkar District, Nagar Parkar. Most of the lower Thar Desert, west as far as Indus River, bordered north and west by Hyderabad, to south and west of Badin.
Parkari Koli
Koli, Parkari
Parkari Koli language
Yintale
Karen, Yintale
Yintale Karen
Tsakwambo
Tsaukambo
Dâw is a Nadahup language spoken in the northwestern part of the Amazonas state of Brazil, in an area commonly known as Alto Rio Negro. The number of speakers is 94, and the language is spoken by the Dâw people, of which most also speak Nheengatu and Portuguese.
Dâw
Dâw language
Tacahua Mixtec
Mixtec, Tacahua
Baa, also known as Kwa, Kwah, is a Niger–Congo language of uncertain affiliation; the more it has been studied, the more divergent it appears. Joseph Greenberg counted it as one of the Waja–Jen languages of the Adamawa family. Boyd (1989) assigned it its own branch within Waja–Jen. Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) removed it from Waja–Jen as an independent branch of Adamawa. When Blench (2008) broke up Adamawa, Baa became a provisional independent branch of his larger Savannas family.
Baa
Kwa
Baa language
Kwala (Likwala) is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo.
Likwala
Kwala language
The Gula'ala language is spoken on Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands.
Kwaio
Gula'alaa language
Kwerba is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It goes by various names: Airmati (Armati), Koassa, Mataweja, Naibedj, Segar Tor, Tekutameso.
Kwerba
Kwerba language
The Kwara'ae language (previously called Fiu after the location of many of its speakers) is spoken in the north of Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands. In 1999 there were 32,400 people known to speak the language. It is the largest indigenous vernacular of the Solomon Islands.
Kwara'ae
Kwara'ae language
Kaba Démé (Kaba ’Dem, Ta Sara) is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic. It is one of several local languages that go by the names Kaba and Sara.
Sara Kaba Deme
Kaba Deme language
Kowiai is an Austronesian language of the Bomberai Peninsula in New Guinea.
Kowiai
Kowiai language
Awa or Awa pit, also known as Cuaiquer, is a Barbacoan language spoken in northwestern South America.
Awa pit
Awa-Cuaiquer
Idioma awá pit
Awa Pit language
Cuyamecalco Mixtec
Mixtec, Cuyamecalco
Kwanga (Gawanga) is a Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Kwanga
Kwanga language
Kwakwala (sometimes called Kwagiutl or Kwakiutl) is the Indigenous language spoken by the Kwakwakawakw. It belongs to the Wakashan language family. There are about 250 Kwakwala speakers today, which amounts to 5% of the Kwakwakawakw population. Because of the small number of speakers, and the fact that very few children learn Kwakwala as a first language, its long-term viability is in question. However, interest from many Kwakwakawakw in preserving their language and a number of revitalization projects are countervailing pressures which may extend the viability of the language.
Kwak'wala
Kwakiutl
Kofyar is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Bwol, Dimmuk, Gworam, Jipal, Kofyar, Kwagallak, and Mirriam.
Kofyar
Kofyar language
Kwambi or Otshikwambi is a dialect of the Ovambo language spoken by the Kwambi tribe in Northern Namibia. Unlike Ndonga and Kwanyama it does not have a standardized written form in schools but is used and written in the Roman Catholic Church in Namibia.
Kwambi
Kwambi dialect
Kwangali, also known as RuKwangali and SiKwangali, is a Bantu language spoken by 85,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Angola. It is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants; these are the dental clicks c and gc, along with prenasalization and aspiration. It also has a nasal glottal approximant.
Idioma RuKwangali
Kwangali
RuKwangali
Kwangali language
Kwomtari is the eponymous language of the Kwomtari family of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in six villages in Amanab District, Sandaun Province.
Kwomtari
Kwomtari language
Kwadia (Kodia) is a minor Kru language of Ivory Coast.
Kodia
Kwadia language
Kwak
Thawa
Kwer
Kwese is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kwese
Kwese language
Kwesten is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Kwesten
Kwesten language
Kwakum
Sara Kaba Náà
Tawandê
Kwinti
Khirwar
San Salvador Kongo
Kongo, San Salvador
Kwadi is a "click language" of uncertain classification once spoken in the southwest corner of Angola. It is believed to be extinct. There were only fifty Kwadi in the 1950s, of which only 4–5 were competent speakers of the language. Three partial speakers were known in 1965, but in 1981 no speakers could be found.
Kwadi
Kwadi language
Kairiru is one of three Kairiru languages spoken mainly on Kairiru and Mushu islands and in several coastal villages on the mainland between Cape Karawop and Cape Samein near Wewak in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.
Kairiru
Kairiru language
Krobu (Krobou) is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger–Congo) of Ivory Coast.
Krobu
Krobu language
The Konso language (also Af Kareti, Afa Karatti, Conso, Gato, Karate, Kareti, Komso) is an East Cushitic language spoken in southwest Ethiopia. Native speakers of Konso number about 200,000 (SIL 2005). Konso is closely related to Dirasha (also known as Gidole), and serves as a "trade language"—or lingua franca—beyond the area of the Konso people.
Konso
Khonso
Konso language
Yoloxochitl Mixtec
Mixtec, Yoloxochitl
Melayu Brunei (Brunei-Kadaian, Orang Bukit) is the official standardized form of the Malay language used in Brunei. It is also spoken as lingua franca in some parts of East Malaysia such as Federal Territory of Labuan, District of Limbang and Lawas (Sarawak) and District of Sipitang, Beaufort, Kuala Penyu and Papar (Sabah). It is spoken by about 266,000 people. There are calls to expand the use of the language in Brunei. Brunei Malay is quite divergent from standard Malay and the rest of the Malay dialects and is mostly mutually unintelligible. Brunei Malay is the official printed form and is used in all official Brunei government media.
Brunei
Malais de Brunei
Melayu Brunei
Kakihum
Manumanaw
Karen, Manumanaw
Manumanaw Karen
Karo (also Cherre, Kere, Kerre) is an Omotic language spoken in the Debub (South) Omo Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region in Ethiopia. Karo is described as being closely related to its neighbors, Hamer and Banna, with a lexical similarity of 81%.
Karo (Ethiopia)
Karo language
Keningau Murut
Murut, Keningau
Kulfa
Zayein Karen
Karen, Zayein
Nepali Kurux
Kurux, Nepali
Tasmanian
Northern Khmer
Khmer, Northern
Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau
Melanau, Kanowit-Tanjong
Kanoê or Kapishana (also called Amniapé) is a nearly extinct language isolate of Brazil. The Kapishana people now speak Portuguese or other indigenous languages from intermarriage.
Idioma kanoé
Kanoé
Kanoê language
Wadiyara Koli
Koli, Wadiyara
Smärky Kanum
Kanum, Smärky
The Koro language is an East Manus language spoken by approximately 400 people on northeastern Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has SVO word order.
Koro (Papua New Guinea)
The Kangjia language (in Chinese, 康家语 Kāngjiā Yǔ) is a recently-discovered Mongolic language spoken by a Muslim population of around 300 people in Jainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai province of China. As to its taxonomic affiliation, Kangjia seems to be an intermediate between Bonan language and Dongxiang language (Santa).
Kangjia
Kangjia language
Alu Kurumba
Kurumba, Alu
Koiwat
Kui (also Kandh, Khondi, Khond, Khondo, Kanda, Kodu (Kōdu), Kodulu, Kuinga (Kūinga), Kuy) is a Central-Dravidian language spoken by the Khonds. It is mostly spoken in Orissa, and written in the Oriya script. With 641,662 registered native speakers, it figures at rank 29 in the 1991 Indian census.
Kui (India)
Kuvi
Konai
Kuba (Likuba, Kyba) is a Bantu language of Kasai, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Likuba
Kuba language
Kayong
Kerewo
Kwaya
The Betta Kurumba language (; ) is a Dravidian language related to Tamil, spoken by 32,000 people in the Nilgiri mountains and in adjoining areas in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. means “hills” in Kannada.
Betta Kurumba
Betta Kurumba language
Kurumba, Betta
Butbut Kalinga
Kalinga, Butbut
Kyaka
Karey
Krache (Krachi, Krakye) is a Guang language spoken by 58,000 in Ghana.
Krache
Kratschi
Krache language
Kuya (Kouya, Kowya) is a Kru language of Ivory Coast.
Kouya
Kuya
Kuya language
Keyagana
Karuk or Karok is an endangered language of northwestern California. It is the traditional language of the Karuk people, most of whom now speak English.
Idioma karok
Karok
Karuk
Língua karuk
Karuk language
Kiput is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 450 people in northern Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia.
Kiput
Kiput language
Karao
Kamayo
Central Kalapuyan was a Kalapuyan language indigenous to the central and southern Willamette Valley in Oregon in the United States. It was spoken by various bands of the Kalapuya peoples who inhabited the valley up through the middle of the 19th century. The language is closely related to Northern Kalapuya, spoken in the Tualatin and Yamhill valleys. Dialects of Central Kalapuya that have been identified include:
Kalapuya
Kalapuya central
Central Kalapuya language
Kpatili (Kpatere, Ngindere) is a Ubangian language spoken in the Central African Republic. Half of the Kpatili people are speakers of Gbayi, which is not closely related.
Kpatili
Kpatili language
Umiida
Northern Binukidnon
Binukidnon, Northern
Kelon
Kang
Kenga is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad.
Kenga
Kenga language
Kuruáya
Baram Kayan
Kayan, Baram
Kayagar (Kajagar, Kaygi, Kaygir, Wiyagar) is a Papuan language of West Papua.
Kayagar
Kayagar language
The Kunigami language is an Okinawan language spoken largely in the north of Okinawa Island. Like other Okinawan languages, Kunigami is part of the Ryukyuan family. The number of competent native speakers of the language is not known - as a result of Japanese language policy, the younger generation mostly speaks Japanese as their first language. It is often referred to as the Nakijin dialect of the Okinawan language, in comparison with the central Okinawan which is also called the dialect of Shuri and Naha.
Idioma kunigami
Kunigami
Kunigami language
Western Kayah
Kayah, Western
Kayort is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 22,000 people in Dakuwa Danga, Nepal.
Kayort
Kayort language
Kurmali (Devanagari: कुर्माली or कुरमाली) or Kudmali is one of many languages which is spoken in Jharkhand, India.
Kudmali
Kurmali
Konua Rapoisi is an East Papuan of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.
Rapoisi
Rapoisi language
Kambaira
Kayabí (Caiabi) is a Tupian language of Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Kayabí
Kayabi language
Syer-Tenyer, or Western Karaboro, is a pair of Senufo dialects of Burkina Faso.
Syer-Tenyer
Western Karaboro
Karaboro, Western
Syer-Tenyer language
Kaibobo
Bondoukou Kulango
Kulango, Bondoukou
Kadai
Kosena
Da'a Kaili
Kaili, Da'a
Mirgan
Kikai
Jennu Kurumba
Kurumba, Jennu
Kelabit is one of the remotest languages of Borneo, on the Sarawak–Kalimantan border, and spoken by one of the smallest ethnicities in Borneo, the Kelabit people.
Kelabit
Kelabit language
Coastal Kadazan is a Austronesian language primarily spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. It is the primary language spoken by the Kadazan ethnic group.
Coastal Kadazan
Língua kadazan
Coastal Kadazan language
Kadazan, Coastal
Kazukuru is an extinct language that was once spoken in New Georgia, Solomon Islands. The Dororo and Guliguli languages (also extinct) are supposedly its only known relations. The speakers of Kazukuru gradually merged with the Roviana people from the sixteenth century onward, and adopted Roviana as their language. Kazukuru was last recorded in the early twentieth century when its speakers were in the last stages of language shift. Today Kazukuru is the name of a clan in the Roviana people group.
Kazukuru
Kazukuru language
Kayeli is an Austronesian language which was used by the Kayeli people who lived in Indonesian island Buru . Two dialects were recognized, namely Leliali (Liliali) and Lumaete (Lumaiti, Mumaite, Lumara). Whereas about 800 Kayeli people still live in the southern coast of the Kayeli Bay, in the eastern part of Buru, as of 1995, only 3 elderly people could speak the language and have not used it for three decades; other natives changed to the Ambon dialect of Malay language (Melayu Ambon). The latter is widely used in the Maluku Islands as a second language and is a simplified form of Indonesian language with additions of the local lexicon. The last speaker of the Leliali dialect died in 1989 and no speakers of Lumaete could be located by then. A little more than 400 basic Kayeli words could be assembled, of which 13% were loanwords from Malay, Arabic, Portuguese and Sanskrit. They revealed significant phonetic and lexical difference with the Buru language – the lexical similarity of Leliali dialect with the closest Buru dialect of Masarete was 45%.
Kayeli
Kayeli language
Kais
Kokola
Kaningi
Kaidipang
Ngunawal
Kaike
Sugut Dusun
Dusun, Sugut
Tambunan Dusun
Dusun, Tambunan
Kayupulau
Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages. Since that classification was first formulated a number of other languages in ancient Italy were discovered to be more closely related to Umbrian. Therefore a group was devised to contain them, termed the Umbrian group. In addition to the specific Umbrian language, they are the Volscian language, the Sabine language, the South Picene language, and the Marsian language. The classification used in this article is that of the Linguist List and SIL International.
Idioma umbro
Lingua umbra
Língua umbra
Ombrien
Umbrian
Umbrische Sprache
Umbrian language
Komyandaret is a poorly documented Papuan language that has recently been shown to be one of the Ok languages. It is close enough to Tsaukambo that there is some mutual intelligibility.
Komyandaret
Komyandaret language
The Karirí languages, generally considered dialects of a single language, are extinct languages spoken until the middle of the 20th century; the 4,000 ethnic Karirí are now monolingual Portuguese speakers, though a few know common phrases and names of medicinal plants.
Cariris
Karirí-Xocó
Lenguas karirí
Kariri languages
Kamarian
Kango (Tshopo District)
Kalabra is a Papuan language of the Birds Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Its closest to Tehit.
Kalabra
Kalabra language
Southern Subanen
Subanen, Southern
Linear A
Lacandon (Jach-t’aan in the revised orthography of the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indigenas) is a Mayan language spoken by approximately 1000 Lacandon people in the state of Chiapas in Mexico. Native Lacandon speakers refer to their language as Jach t’aan or Hach t'an. A portion of the Lacandon people also speak Tzeltal, Chol, and Spanish.
Idioma lacandón
Lacandon
Lakandonisch
Língua lacandona
Lacandon language
Judaeo-Spanish (Judaeo-Spanish: גֿודיאו-איספאנייול ; ), in Israel commonly referred to as Ladino, and known locally as Judezmo, Espanyol, Djudeo-Espanyol, Djudezmo, Spaniolit and other names, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish. As a Jewish language, it is influenced heavily by Hebrew and Aramaic, but also Arabic, Turkish and to a lesser extent Greek and other languages where Sephardic exiles settled around the world, primarily throughout the Ottoman Empire.
Ladino
ladino
Idioma judeoespañol
Judaeo-Spanish
Judeu-espanhol
Judéo-espagnol
Ladino language
Lingua giudeo-spagnola
judéo-espagnol
Pattani, also known as Manchati, Manchad, Patni, Chamba, Chamba Lahuli, Lahuli, Swangla, Changsapa Boli is a Tibeto-Burman language (Sino-Tibetan stock) spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The language is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. The number of people speaking the language is approximately 11,000 in India, according to 1998 data from Ethnologue.
Pattani
Pattani language
Lafofa, also Tegem, is a Niger–Congo language cluster spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. Blench (2010) considers the Tegem and Amira varieties to be distinct languages; as Lafofa is poorly attested, there may be others.
Lafofa
Lafofa languages
Rangi or Langi (there is no distinction between and ; also known as Irangi, Kilaangi, etc.) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Rangi people of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. Dialects are Kondoa, Haubi, Kolo, Mondo.
Langi
langi
Rangi language
Lahnda
lahnda
Lambya (Rambia) is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi.
Lambya
Lambya language
Lango (also called Lwo, Lwoo, or Leb-Lango,) is a Western Nilotic language of the Luo branch, spoken by the Langi people in Uganda. It is mostly spoken in Lango sub-region, in the Northern Region. Spoken by approximately 1.8 million speakers, it makes up for about five percent of the population of Uganda. An orthography for it using the Latin script has been introduced and is taught in primary schools.
Lango
Língua langu
Lango (Uganda)
Lango language
Laka
Laka (Nigeria)
Lalia is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Lalia
Lalia language
Unggarranggu
Lamba is a language found in Zambia. It is related to Bemba and is commonly spoken in the Copperbelt. There are about 210,000 native speakers in the northern parts of Zambia and southern fringes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lamba is also spoken in Lusaka, mainly because many speakers have migrated there for jobs. Lamba is a Bantu language. (In fact, "mu ntu" means "one person" in Lamba and "ba ntu" means "two or more people".) Depending on who does the counting, Zambia has between 42 and 78 local languages besides English – see Languages of Zambia for further details. Some people might say Lamba is a dialect of Bemba. Though the two languages share many words, they are not as close as say Cockney and Haitian Creole are to English or French.
Lamba
lamba
Lamba language
Lamba-Sprache
Laru (Laro) is a minor Kainji language of Nigeria. Speakers are shifting to Busa.
Laru
Laru language
Lao or Laotian (ພາສາລາວ, BGN/PCGN: phasa lao, ) is a tonal language of the Tai–Kadai language family. It is the official language of Laos, and also spoken in the northeast of Thailand, where it is usually referred to as the Isan language. Being the primary language of the Lao people, Lao is also an important second language for the multitude of ethnic groups in Laos and in Isan. Lao, like all languages in Laos, is written in an abugida script. Although there is no official standard, the Vientiane dialect has become the de facto standard.
Lao
Laotisch
lao
laosiano
Idioma lao
Lao language
Laotische Sprache
Lingua lao
Língua laociana
Laka (Chad)
Qabiao (autonym: qa0 biau33; Chinese: Pubiao 普标, Vietnamese: Pu Péo) is a Tai–Kadai language spoken by the Qabiao people in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Alternative names for Qabiao include Kabeo, Ka Beo, Ka Bao, Ka Biao, Laqua, Pubiao (Pupeo or Pu Péo) and Pen Ti Lolo (Bendi Lolo). The meaning of the name "Qabiao" is unknown.
Qabiao
Qabiao language
Larteh is spoken 74,000 speakers in Ghana. The Lartehs, Kyiripons, are the main inhabitants of the mountanious parts of the Eastern region of Ghana. Of the Guans the ethnic group which the Lartehs or the Kyiripons belong} they are the largest tribe and have the most successful language to capture the minds of Ghanians. Due to the language's ability to adopt the accent of speaking, especially the Akuapem Twi, it is also known as Akuapem. The language is also related to Efutu, Buem, Nkonya, Sene, Belefo, etc. The Larteh towns extend from Larteh, Akropong, Abiriw, Adukrom, Awukugua, Aperede, Aseseeseo, Dawu, Boso, and Anum.
Larteh
Larteh language
Lama is a Gur language spoken in Togo, Benin, and by a few in Ghana.
Lama
Lama (Togo)
Lama language
Kuo (Koh) is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon.
Kuo
Kuo language
Latin (; Latin: , ) is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. It originated in the Italian peninsula. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and many schools and universities continue to teach it. Latin is still used in the creation of new words in modern languages of many different families, including English. Latin and its daughter Romance languages are the only surviving branch of the Italic language family. Other branches of the Italic languages are attested in documents surviving from early Italy, but were assimilated during the Roman Republic.
Latein
Latin
latim
latino
latín
Latim
Latin language
Latín
Lingua latina
latin
Laba
Latvian
Lettisch
letton
lettone
letão
letón
Lauje
Tiwa
Lama (Myanmar)
Aribwatsa, also known as Lae or Lahe, is an extinct member of the Busu subgroup of Lower Markham languages in the area of Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Descendents of the Aribwatsa language community have mostly switched to the Bukawa language, which is spoken all along the north coast of the Huon Gulf and in several villages on the south coast.
Aribwatsa
Aribwatsa language
Lui
Label
The Lakkja language (; also spelled Lakkia) is a Tai–Kadai language spoken in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin 来宾, east-central Guangxi, China. Lakkja people are also known as the Chashan Yao, or Tea Mountain Yao, since they were traditionally considered by neighboring peoples to be a Miao–Yao (Hmong–Mien) people. The name Lakkja means mountain people. All Lakkja dialects have 5 tones.
Lakkia
Lakkja
Lakkja language
The Lak language (лакку маз, lakːu maz) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within this family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six standardized languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.
Idioma lak
Lak
Lakische Sprache
Lingua lak
Língua lak
Lak language
Upper Umpqua
Umpqua, Upper
Tinani
Laopang
La'bi
The Ladakhi language , now also called Bhoti, and by linguists more generally called Western Archaic Tibetan when the Balti and Burig or Purig or Purki dialects are included, is the predominant language in the Ladakh region of the Jammu and Kashmir state of India, and is also spoken in Baltistan. Ladakhi is closely related to Tibetan, and the Ladakhi people share cultural similarities with Tibetans, including Tibetan Buddhism. There is disagreement as to whether they should be considered distinct languages , but Ladakhi and Central Tibetan are not mutually intelligible, though they share a written form dating back to Old Tibetan. Ladakhi has approximately 200,000 speakers in India, and perhaps 12,000 speakers in the Tibet region of China, mostly in the Changthang region. Ladakhi has several dialects, Ladakhi proper (also called Lehskat after the capital of Ladakh, Leh, where it is spoken); Shamskat, spoken to the northwest of Leh; Stotskat, spoken to the southeast in the Indus valley; and Nubra, spoken in the north. The varieties spoken in Upper Ladakh and Zangskar have many features of Ladakhi and many other features of western dialects of Central Tibetan.
Ladakhi
Ladakhische Sprache
Lingua ladakhi
Língua ladakhi
Ladakhi language
Central Bontok
Bontok, Central
Libon Bikol
Bikol, Libon
Lodhi (Lodi, Lohi, Lozi) is a Munda language, or perhaps dialect cluster, of India that has been strongly influenced by neighboring Eastern Indic languages.
Lodhi
Lodhi language
Lamet
Urartian, Vannic, and (in older literature) Chaldean are conventional names for the language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu that was located in the region of Lake Van, with its capital near the site of the modern town of Van, in the Armenian Highland, modern-day Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It was probably spoken by the majority of the population around Lake Van and in the areas along the upper Zab valley.
Lingua urartea
Urartian
Urartäische Sprache
Urartian language
Laven is a Mon–Khmer language of Laos.
Laven
Laven language
Wampar
Lohorung
Libyan Sign Language
Lachi
Labu (called Hapa by its speakers) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,600 people (1989) in three older villages and one new one across the Markham River from Lae in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Labu
Labu language
Lavatbura-Lamusong
Tolaki
Lawangan is an Austronesian language bellonging to East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 100 000 Lawangan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Lawangan
Lawangan language
Lamu-Lamu
Lardil (also spelled Leerdil or Leertil) is a moribund language spoken on Mornington Island (Kunhanha), in the Wellesley Islands of Queensland in northern Australia. Lardil is unusual among Australian languages in that it features a ceremonial register, called Damin (also Demiin). Damin is regarded by Lardil speakers as a separate language, and possesses the only phonological system outside Africa to use click consonants.
Lardil
Lardil language
Legenyem
Zirenkel is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Chad.
Zerenkel
Zirenkel language
Lola is one of the Aru languages, spoken by inhabitants of the Aru Islands.
Lola
Lola language
Kuthant
Loncong
Lubu
Lucazi or Luchazi (Chiluchazi) is a Bantu language of Angola and Zambia. It is closely related to Ngangela.
Luchazi
Lucazi language
Lisela , also called Li Enyorot, is an Austronesian language; as of 1989, it was spoken by about 11,900 Lisela people mostly living in the northern part of Indonesian island Buru . It is also preserved among the small Lisela community on the Ambon Island. Thus many sources regard Lisela as a dialect, though the most diverging, of Buru. Lisela had also borrowed much from the Sula language, as a result of the interaction between the Lisela and Sula people living together as the northern Buru coast. The language has no writing system. The most detailed study of Lisela language was conducted in the 1980s by Charles E. Grimes and Barbara Dix Grimes – Australian missionaries and ethnographers, active members of SIL International (they should not be confused with Joseph E. Grimes and Barbara F. Grimes, Charles' parents, also known Australian ethnographers).
Lisela
Lisela language
Tungag
Western Lawa
Lawa, Western
Luhu
Kxoe
Lisabata-Nuniali
Kla-Dan
Idun (Adong, Lungu, Ungu) is a poorly attested Plateau language of Nigeria. Its classification is uncertain, but may be closest to Ashe.
Dũya
Idun language
Luri
Lenyima
Lamja-Dengsa-Tola
Laari
Venetic is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times in the North East of Italy (Veneto) and part of modern Slovenia, between the Po River delta and the southern fringe of the Alps.
Venetic
Venetische Sprache
Idioma venético
Lingua venetica
Vénète
Venetic language
Lemoro is a Kainji language of Nigeria.
Lemoro
Lemoro language
Leelau, one of the languages of the Bikwin people, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Leelau
Leelau language
Kaan, Libo, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Kaan
Kaan language
Landoma (Landouman, Landuma), or Cocoli, is a language of western Guinea. It is the most populous of the Baga languages, in the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family. It is related to Temne of Sierra Leone.
Landoma
Landoma language
Láadan is a constructed language created by Suzette Haden Elgin in 1982 to test the Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis, specifically to determine if development of a language aimed at expressing the views of women would shape a culture; a subsidiary hypothesis was that Western natural languages may be better suited for expressing the views of men than women. The language was included in her science fiction Native Tongue series. Láadan contains a number of words that are used to make unambiguous statements that include how one feels about what one is saying. According to Elgin, this is designed to counter male-centered language's limitations on women, who are forced to respond "I know I said that, but I meant this".
Láadan
Loo, or Shụŋọ, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Loo
Loo language
Tso (Tsóbó, Lotsu, Cibbo) is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.
Tso
Tso language
The Lufu language of Nigeria is a language still spoken mostly by older adults among the Lufu people of the Takum Local Government Authority, Taraba State; its speakers have mostly shifted to Jukun. It is reported to have been close to Bete and Bibi. According to the Vienna , it and Bete probably belong together in the Southern Jukunoid branch of Niger–Congo; Ethnologue notes this but leaves it unclassified.
Lufu
Lufu language
Lega-Shabunda
Lala-Bisa is a Bantu language of Zambia that is closely related to Bemba.
Lala-Bisa
Lala-Bisa language
Leco is a language isolate that, though long reported to be extinct, is spoken by 20–40 individuals in areas east of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. The Leco ethnic population is about 80.
Idioma leco
Leco
Leko
Leco language
The Lendu, or Balendru, are an ethno-linguistic agriculturalist group residing in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo in the area west and northwest of Lake Albert, in particular the Ituri region of Orientale province. Their language is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages. There are three-quarters of a million Lendu speakers in the DRC, and 10,000 more in Uganda. A conflict between the Lendu and Hema people was the basis of the Ituri conflict.
Lendu
Língua lendu
Lendu language
The Lyélé language (Lele) is spoken in the Sanguié Province of Burkina Faso by approximately 130,000 people known as Lyéla, Léla, Gourounsi or Gurunsi. It is spoken in the towns of Réo, Kyon, Tenado, Dassa, Didyr, Godyr, Kordié, Pouni and Zawara. The language is also sometimes known by the wider term Gurunsi.
Lyélé
Lyélé language
Lelemi or Lefana (Lε-lεmi, Lε-fana) is spoken by the Buem people in the mountainous Volta Region of Ghana. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo.
Lelemi
Lelemi language
Enxet, traditionally known as Lengua, is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco.
Lengua
Enxet language
Kamviri is a dialect of the Kamkata-viri language spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 of the Kom people of Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are slight dialectal differences of the Kamviri speakers of Pakistan. The most used alternative names are Kati, Kamozi or Bashgali.
Kamviri
Kamviri dialect
Lenje
Lemio
Lengola (Lengora) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is not close to other Bantu languages. It may be closest to some of the D.30 languages in a group called "Lebonya".
Lengola
Lengola language
Leipon
Lele (also spelled Bashilele, Usilele) is a language spoken mainly in the west edge of the Kasai-Occidental Province, in Ilebo and Tshikapa territories; the extreme east of the Bandundu Province, in Idiofa and Gungu territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lele
Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Lele language
Nomaande
The Lenca language is one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Central America in the early 16th century, it was spoken by the Lenca people in a region that incorporates northwestern and southwestern Honduras, and neighboring eastern El Salvador, east of the Lempa river. Today is still spoken mostly by Lenca Indigenous People in the mountains of the central state of Yoro, and Francisco Morazan (particularly in the Montana de la Flor region). While the Lenca people continue to live in the same region today, Lyle Campbell reported in the 1970s that he found only 1 speaker of the language in Chilanga, El Salvador, and none in Honduras; the language though reportedly extinct, is used by the Lenca People of central Honduras, who due to persecution by the Honduran army in the 1980s and 1990s, who violently repressed them due to their fighting for a more equitable distribution of land and a fair agrarian reform, chose not to speak it for a long time to avoid being easily identified by their persecutors. Campbell concluded however, that Salvadoran Lenca was a distinct dialect from Honduran Lenca.
Langues lencas
Lenca
Lenguas lencas
Língua lenca
Lenca language
Leti
Leti (Cameroon)
Lepcha language, or Róng language (Lepcha: ; Róng ríng), is a Himalayish language spoken by the Lepcha people in Sikkim and parts of West Bengal, Nepal and Bhutan.
Lepcha
Lepcha language
Lembena, also known as Lembena Pii, Nanimba Pii, Uyalipa Pii, or Wapi Pii, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. There are 1,760 speakers of the languages, of which 750 are monolingual.
Lembena
Lembena language
Lenkau
Lese
Vandalic was a Germanic language probably closely related to Gothic. The Vandals, Hasdingi and Silingi established themselves in Gallaecia (Northern Portugal and Galicia) and in Southern Spain, following other Germanic and non-Germanic peoples (Visigoths, Alans and Suevi), before moving to North Africa in AD 429.
Idioma vándalo
Lingua vandalica
Vandale
Vandalic
Vandalische Sprache
Vandalic language
Amio-Gelimi
Lesing-Gelimi
Kara (also Lemusmus or Lemakot) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 5,000 people in the Kavieng District of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.
Kara (Papua New Guinea)
Kara language
Western Pantar (also known as Lamma) is a Papuan language spoken in the western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. Western Pantar is spoken widely in the region by about 10,000 speakers.
Lamma
Western Pantar language
Ledo Kaili is the largest member of the Kaili languages, are a dialect chain within the Kaili–Pamona languages which are spoken in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Altogether, Kaili is one of the largest languages in Sulawesi. One third of the population of Sulawesi Tengah province were (1979) native speakers of a Kaili language. Object language of this article is the main dialect Ledo, which is spoken in the district (Kabupaten) Donggala in and around the provincial capital Palu.
Kaili
Ledo Kaili
Kaili, Ledo
Luang
Lemolang
Lezgian, also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. It is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCOs Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger.
Lesgisch
Lezghian
Lezguien
lezghian
lezgiano
Lesgische Sprache
Lezgian language
Lingua lezgi
Língua lezgui
lezghiano
lezghien
The Fa’ language, Lefa’ (also Fak or Lefa), is one of the Bantu languages of Cameroon.
Lefa
Fa’ language
Lingua Franca Nova (abbreviated LFN) is an auxiliary constructed language created by Dr. C. George Boeree of Shippensburg University, Pennsylvania. Its vocabulary is based on the Romance languages French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan. The grammar is highly reduced and similar to the Romance creoles. The language has phonemic spelling, using 22 letters of either the Latin or Cyrillic scripts.
Lingua Franca Nova
Lingua franca nova
Lungga (also spelled Luga, Luqa) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Solomon Islands.
Lungga
Lungga language
Laghu (pronounced Lagoo), also known as Hoatana or Katova, is an extinct language of Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. Its last speaker died in 1984. People in the villages of Baolo and Samasodu, where it used to be spoken, now speak the neighboring Zabana language, which is more widely spoken and still expanding (Palmer 2009:1-2).
Idioma Laghu
Laghu
Laghu language
Lugbara
Laghuu is a Loloish language spoken in northwestern Vietnam in a single village in Lao Cai Province.
Laghuu
Laghuu language
Lengilu
Lingarak
Neverver
Volscian was a Sabellic Italic language, which was spoken by the Volsci and closely related to Oscan and Umbrian.
Língua volsca
Volscian
Volscian language
The Wala language is a language of the Solomon Islands. Its alternate name is Langalanga
Idioma wala
Wala
Wala language
Lega-Mwenga
The Opuuo language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Shita of Ethiopia and South Sudan. It is a member of the Koman languages, and has a lexical similarity of 24% with Komo. The language is also called Opo-Shita, Opo, Opuo, Cita, Ciita, Shita, Shiita, Ansita, Kina, and Kwina. "Langa" is a derogatory term for its speakers used by the Anuak.
Opo
Opuuo
Opuuo language
Logba is a Kwa language spoken in the south-eastern Ghana by approximately 7 500 people. The Logba people call themselves and their language Ikpana, which means ‘defenders of truth’. Logba is different from Lukpa of Togo and Benin, which is also sometimes referred to as Logba.
Logba
Logba language
Lengo
Pahi
Longgu
Ligenza
Laha (Chinese: 拉哈, Vietnamese: La Ha) is a Kra language spoken by approximately 1,400 people out of a total population of 5,686 Laha. It is spoken in Lào Cai and Sơn La provinces, Vietnam. Laha dialects had been documented in 1986 by Russian linguists and in 1996 by American linguist Jerold A. Edmondson. Many Laha can also converse in the Khmu language, and Laha-speaking areas also have significant Black Thai (Tai Dam), Kháng, Ksongmul (Ksingmul, Xinh-mun), and Hmong populations.
Laha
Laha (Viet Nam)
Laha language
Laha (Indonesia)
Lahu Shi
Lahul Lohar
Lohar, Lahul
Vestinian is a scholarly term referring to an extinct Indo-European language documented only in two surviving inscriptions of the Roman Republic. It is presumed to have been anciently spoken by the tribe of the Vestini, who occupied the region within current Abruzzo from Gran Sasso to the Adriatic Sea in east-central Italy during that time. Vestini is the Roman exonym for the people. Not enough of their presumed language survives to classify it beyond Italic. Vestinian is one of a number of scantily attested Italic languages spoken in small regions of the Appennines directly east of Rome called generally "the minor dialects." There is currently no agreement on their precise classification.
Dialetto vestino
Idioma vestino
Vestinian
Vestinian language
Lhomi
Lahanan
Lhokpu, also Lhobikha or Taba-Damey-Bikha, is one of the autochthonous languages of Bhutan spoken by the Lhop people. It is spoken in southwestern Bhutan along the border of Samtse and Chukha Districts. Van Driem (2003) leaves it unclassified as a separate branch within the Tibeto-Burman language family.
Lhokpu
Lhokpu language
Mlahsô (Syriac: ܡܠܚܬܝܐ) is a Modern West Syriac language, a dialect of Aramaic. It was traditionally spoken in eastern Turkey and north-eastern Syria by members of the Assyrian/Syriac people.
Mlahsö
Mlahsô language
Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken in the Torres islands of Vanuatu.
Lo-Toga
Lo-toga
Lo-Toga language
Lahu
West-Central Limba
Limba, West-Central
The Likum language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 80 people in western Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. Its speakers also use Nyindrou. It has SVO word order.
Likum
Likum language
Hlai
The Nyindrou language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 4200 people in the westernmost part of Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has SVO word order.
Nyindrou
Nyindrou language
Likila
Limbu is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Kashmir and Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India, by the Limbu community. Virtually all Limbus are bilingual in Nepali.
Idioma limbu
Limbu
Limbu language
Ligbi (or Ligby) is a Mande language spoken in Ghana in the north-west corner of the Brong-Ahafo region. Ligbi is spoken by approximately 10 000 speakers (1988 GILLBT/SIL). It is fairly closely related to Jula, Vai and Kono. A small population of Ligbi speakers (4 000) is reported to live in Côte dIvoire (Vanderaa 1991). Ligbi is also known as Wela, Hwela or Numu. The latter of these refers to a subsection of the Ligbi people; Numu is Dyula for blacksmith'. (See blacksmiths of western Africa.)
Ligbi
Ligbi language
Kwaza (also written Kwazá or Koaiá) is an endangered, unclassified language spoken by the Kwaza people of Brazil. there were only 25 known speakers living in close proximity with neighbouring speakers of the Aikanã and Nambikwaran languages, though over half of these were children.
Idioma kwazá
Kwaza
Kwaza language
The Lihir language is an Austronesian language spoken in the Lihir island group, in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. It is notable for having 5 levels of grammatical number: singular, dual, trial, paucal and plural. It is questionable whether the trial is indeed trial or whether it is paucal, leaving there being a paucal and a greater paucal. Either way, this is the highest number of levels of grammatical number in any language. This distinction appears in both independent pronouns and possessor suffixes. There is some variation in pronunciation and orthography between the main island Niolam, and some of the smaller islands in the group.
Lihir
Língua lihir
Lihir language
Lingkhim
Monégasque (natively Munegascu) is a dialect of the modern Ligurian language, spoken in Monaco.
Dialetto monegasco
Idioma monegasco
Língua monegasca
Monegassische Sprache
Monégasque
Monégasque dialect
Lika (Liko) is a poorly documented Congolese Bantu language of uncertain affiliation, though it has been included in Boan.
Lika
Lika language
Lillooet or Lilloet, also known as St’át’imcets , is the Interior Salishan language of the St’át’imc, spoken in southern British Columbia, Canada around the middle Fraser and Lillooet rivers. The dialect of the Lower Lillooet people uses the name Ucwalmícwts as St’át’imcets properly means "the language of the people of Sat’, i.e. the Upper Lillooet of the Fraser River.
Lillooet
St'at'imcets
Lillooet language
Limburgish, also called Limburgian or Limburgic (Limburgish: Lèmbörgs [] Dutch: Limburgs , German: Limburgisch , French: Limbourgeois ) is a group of East Low Franconian language varieties spoken in the Limburg and Rhineland regions, near the common Dutch / Belgian / German border. The area in which it is spoken roughly fits within a wide circle from Venlo to Düsseldorf to Aachen to Maastricht to Hasselt and back to Tienen. In some parts of this area it is generally used as the colloquial language in daily speech.
Limbourgeois
Limburgan
Limburgisch
limburgese
limburgués
limburguês
Idioma limburgués
Limburger
Limburgish
Limburgish language
Lingua limburghese
Língua limburguesa
limbourgeois
:"Ngala language" redirects here. For Ba-Ngala, see Bangala language. Lingala, or Ngala, is a Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a large part of the Republic of the Congo, as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic. It has over 10 million speakers. It is classified C.36D under the Guthrie system for classifying Bantu languages and C.40 under the SIL system.
Lingala
lingala
Idioma lingala
Lingala language
Lingua lingala
Lingála
Língua lingala
Liki
Likpe or Sekpele (also Bosele, Mu) is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo.
Sekpele
Likpe language
Libido (also known as Mareqo, Marako) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Ethiopia, which is spoken in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, north-east of Hosaena.
Libido
Libido language
Liberian English
English, Liberian
Lisu (Lisu: ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ; , ) is a tonal Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan (southwestern China), northern Burma (Myanmar), and Thailand and a small part of India. Along with Lipo, it is one of two languages of the Lisu people. Lisu has many dialects that originate from the country in which they live. Hua Lisu, Pai Lisu, and Lu Shi Lisu dialects are spoken in China. Although they are mutually intelligible, some have many more loan words from other languages than others.
Lisu
Lisu language
Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.9 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 300 000 abroad. Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian, although they are not mutually intelligible. It is written in an adapted version of the Roman script. The Lithuanian language is believed to be the most conservative living Indo-European language, retaining many features of Proto Indo-European now lost in other Indo-European languages.
Litauisch
Lithuanian
lituanien
lituano
Idioma lituano
Lingua lituana
Litauische Sprache
Lithuanian language
Lituanien
Língua lituana
Woccon was one of two Catawban Eastern Siouan languages of the eastern US, which together with the Western Siouan languages formed the Siouan language family. It is attested only in a vocabulary of 143 words printed in 1709.
Woccon
Woccon language
Logorik
Livonian ( or ) belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is a nearly extinct language, with one of its last native speakers having died in February 2009. It is closely related to Estonian. The native land of the Livonian people is Livonia, located in Latvia, in the north of the Kurzeme peninsula.
Idioma livonio
Lingua livone
Liv
Live
Livische Sprache
Língua livoniana
Livonian language
Col
Liabuku
Banda-Bambari
Libinza
Golpa
Rampi
Laiyolo
Li'o
Lampung Api commonly known as Lampung is the name of an ethnic group and its language that is spoken in the Indonesian province of Lampung in south Sumatra. The amount of speakers is estimated at about 1,500,000.
Lampung
Lampung Api
Lampung language
Wadi Wadi
Yirandali
Yuru
Lakalei
Kabras
Lukabaras
Kucong
Pherá, also spelled Xwela, is a Gbe language of Benin. It forms a dialect chain with Western Phla.
Xwela
Xwela Gbe
Gbe, Xwela
Pherá language
Lakondê
Kenyi
Lakha (Dzongkha: ལ་ཁ་, Wylie: La-kha, literally "language of the mountain pass," also called "Tshangkha") is a Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 8,000 people in Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa Districts in central Bhutan. Lakha is spoken by descendants of pastoral yakherd communities.
Lakha
Laki (Kurdish: Lekí ) is a Northwestern Iranian language. Although it is usually grouped with Southern Kurdish dialects, Ethnologue classifies it as a fourth subgroup of Kurdish. It is spoken in the central Zagros region of Iran (provinces of Lorestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Qazvin, Khuzestan) and in small parts of Iraq by the Lak people. Most Laks live in Nurabad, Alashtar, Harsin, Sahneh, Koohdasht, and Khorramabad.
Laki
Leki
Laki language
Remun
Laeko-Libuat
Kalaamaya
Lakon is an Oceanic language, spoken on the west coast of Gaua island in Vanuatu.
Lakon
Vure
Lakon language
Khayo
Olukhayo
Päri
Kisa
Olushisa
Lakota (also Lakhota, Teton, Teton Sioux) is a Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of the Sioux tribes. While generally taught and considered by speakers as a separate language, Lakota is mutually understandable with the other two languages (cf. Dakota language), and is considered by most linguists one of the three major varieties of the Sioux language. The Lakota language represents one of the largest Native American language speech communities in the United States, with approximately 6,000 speakers living mostly in northern plains states of North Dakota and South Dakota. No syllables end with consonantal .
Lakota
Lingua lakota
Língua dacota
Lakota language
Záparo is a nearly extinct language from the borderlands of Peru, spoken by only one person out of an ethnic population of 170, in the Pastaza Province, between the Curaray river and Bobonaza rivers, as of 2000. Záparo is also known as Zápara and Kayapwe. Though it was spoken by 1 person in 2000, there is the distinct possibility that it may be extinct. The members of the Záparo ethnic group now speak Quichua, though there is a language revival effort beginning. Záparo is sometimes confused with Andoa, though the two languages are distinct. Záparo has a subject–verb–object word order.
Idioma záparo
Záparo
Língua záparo
Záparo language
Kungkari
Kwegu (also Bacha, Koegu, Kwegi, Menja, Nidi) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language, spoken in the Southwest of Ethiopia, on the west bank of the Omo River.
Kwegu
Kwegu language
Lokoya
Lala-Roba ( Gworam) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. Its name is a compound of two of its dialects, Lala (Lalla), Roba (Robba), and Ebode.
Lala-Roba
Lala-Roba language
Lolo
Lele is a Mande language spoken by approximately 23,000 people in Kissidougou (12,000) and Guéckédou Prefectures (11,000) of Guinea.
Lele (Guinea)
Ladin (, ) is a language consisting of a group of dialects (which some consider part of a unitary Rhaeto-Romance language) spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the border regions of the provinces Trentino, South Tyrol and Belluno. It is closely related to the Swiss Romansh and Friulian.
Idioma ladino
Ladin
Ladinische Sprache
Lingua ladina
Língua ladino-dolomítica
Ladin language
Lele is an East Manus language of the Austronesian language family spoken in the northeastern part of Manus Island, New Guinea by approximately 1,300 people. It has SVO word order.
Lele (Papua New Guinea)
The Hermit language is an extinct West Manus language formerly spoken on Hermit, Luf and Maron Islands, western Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.
Hermit
Hermit language
Lole
Lamu
Teke-Laali
Ladji Ladji
Wajuk
Lelak
Lilau is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Lilau
Lilau language
Lasalimu
Lele is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region, in the Tandjilé Ouest department, south of Kélo.
Lele (Chad)
Khlor
Wangkumara
North Efate, or Nguna, is an Oceanic language spoken on several islands of Vanuatu.
North Efate
Éfaté du Nord
Efate, North
North Efate language
Lolak
Lithuanian Sign Language (LGK) (Lithuanian: Lietuvių gestų kalba) is the national sign language used in Lithuania, with several regional variants. Very little is known about its history before 1945. From 1945 to 1990 it was used along with Russian Sign Language and the two sign languages became very similar. Russian lip-patterns used with some LGK signs indicate that the sign may have been originally borrowed from Russian Sign Language. When Lithuania became independent, its contacts with Russian Sign Language were almost cut off, and now it's developing as an independent language, with some influence from international signs.
Lithuanian Sign Language
Língua de sinais lituana
The Lau language is a Malayo-Polynesian group language spoken on northeast Malaita of the Solomon Islands. As of 1999 it had about 16,937 first-language speakers, with a large number of second-language speakers through Malaitan communities in the Solomon Islands, especially in Honiara.
Lau
Lau language
Lauan is an East Fijian language spoken by about 16,000 people on a number of islands of eastern Fiji. *
Lauan
Lauanische Sprache
Lauan language
Western Xwla Gbe
Gbe, Western Xwla
East Limba
Limba, East
Merei
Limilngan is an extinct indigenous language of Australia. It had three speakers left in 1981, but was gone by 2009.
Limilngan
Limilngan language
Lumun (Lomon), also Kuku-Lumun, is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Lumun
Lumun language
Pévé, also Lamé after its chief dialect, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. Zime is a generic name.
Pévé
Peve language
South Lembata
Lembata, South
Lamogai is an Austronesian language spoken by about 3600 individuals in parts of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Lamogai
Lamogai language
Lambichhong
Written Oirat
Oirat, Written
Lombi
West Lembata
Lembata, West
Lamkang
Raga (also known as Hano) is the language of northern Pentecost island in Vanuatu. Raga belongs to the East Vanuatu languages, a branch of the Austronesian languages family. In old sources the language is sometimes referred to by the names of villages in which it is spoken, such as Bwatvenua (Qatvenua), Lamalanga, Vunmarama and Loltong.
Hano
Língua raga
Raga language
Lamam
Lambadi is a Rajasthani language spoken by nomadic Banjara people across India.
Lambadi
Língua lambadi
Lambadi language
Lombard is a member of the Cisalpine or Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is spoken natively in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions, notably the eastern side of Piedmont) and Southern Switzerland (Ticino and Graubünden).
Idioma lombardo
Lingua lombarda
Lombard
Lombardische Sprache
Língua lombarda
Lombard language
Limbum is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number in Nigeria. It's used as a trade language.
Limbum
Limbum language
Kwerba Mamberamo
Lamatuka
Lamalera
Lamenu
Lomaiviti is an East Fijian language spoken by about 1600 people on a number of islands of Fiji. *
Idioma lomaiviti
Lomaiviti
Lomaiviti language
The Lake Miwok language is a moribund (or possibly extinct) language of Northern California, traditionally spoken in an area adjacent to the Clear Lake. It is one of the languages of the Clear Lake Linguistic Area, along with Patwin, East and Southeastern Pomo, and Wappo.
Lake Miwok
Lake miwok
Lake Miwok language
Miwok, Lake
Laimbue
Lamboya
Wotjobaluk
Lumbee
Langbashe
Mbalanhu
| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center" align="center" width="50%" |+caption | Table of consonant phonemes of Lun Bawang |- ! ! colspan="2" | Bilabial ! colspan="2" | Dental ! colspan="2" | Alveolar ! colspan="2" | Post-Alveolar ! colspan="2" | Palatal ! colspan="2" | Velar ! Glottal |- align="center" ! Nasal | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | ng | |- align="center" ! Plosive | p | b | t | d | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | k | g | |- align="center" ! Affricate | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | |c || | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- align="center" ! Fricative | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | s || | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | || |h |- align="center" ! Approximant | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | l | colspan="2" | r | colspan="2" | y | colspan="2" |w |...
Lundayeh
Lun Bawang
Lun Bawang language
Lombardic or Langobardic is the extinct language of the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic speaking people who settled in Italy in the 6th century. The language declined rapidly already in the 7th century as the invaders quickly adopted the Latin vernacular spoken by the local Roman population. E.g. already the Edict of Rothari from 643 is written almost exclusively in Vulgar Latin although it only covers Lombardic subjects and the laws were compiled by the Lombards themselves. Lombardic may have been in scattered use until as late as ca. AD 1000. The language is only preserved fragmentarily, the main evidence being individual words quoted in Latin texts.
Langobardic
Langobardische Sprache
Lingua longobarda
Língua longobarda
Lombardic language
Wemba Wemba
Lanoh is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Lanoh
Lanoh language
Daantanai'
Linngithigh is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Linngithigh people. Its date of extinction is unknown. This language variety is very similar phonologically to the related variety Alngith.
Leningitij
Linngithigh dialect
South Central Banda
Banda, South Central
Langam
Boro is an extinct language once spoken in central eastern Ghana. In the vicinity of Worawora and Tapa, Rudolf Plehn found one old man who could still remember some words of this language, which according to him was spoken by more people in his younger years. The language is only known from the 12 lexical items collected by Plehn around the end of the 19th century and published in Seidel (1898). Westermann (1922) classified it as one of the Togorestsprachen, while Heine (1968:300) treats it as unclassified.
Boro (Ghana)
Boro language
Lorediakarkar is a language of the East Santo languages a group of languages in the Austronesian family of Languages. It is spoken by about 340 people out of an ethnic population of 850 on Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. It is close to the Shark Bay language.
Lorediakarkar
Lorediakarkar language
Lango (or Langgo) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Lango of South Sudan, Equatoria Province, Torit District. It had approximately 20,000 speakers in 1987.
Lango (Sudan)
Lamnso (Lamnsɔ’) is the language of the Nso people of Cameroon. A few may remain in Nigeria. It is a Grassfields language with ten major noun classes. The ISO 639-3 code is lns. This language is spoken by about over 100,000 people.
Lamnso
Lamnso'
Nso language
Longuda is a Niger–Congo language of Nigeria. Joseph Greenberg counted it as a distinct branch, G10, of his Adamawa family. Boyd (1989) assigned it a branch within Waja–Jen. When Blench (2008) broke up Adamawa, Longuda was made a branch of the Bambukic languages.
Longuda
Longuda language
Lanima
Lonzo
Loloda is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia.
Loloda
Loloda language
Lobi (also Miwa) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast.
Lobi
Lobiri
Lobi language
The Onhan language is a Kinaray-a language spoken, along with the Romblomanon and Asi languages, in the province of Romblon, Philippines. The language is also known as Inunhan and Loocnon. * Onhan language has three variants- those speaking in the municipalities of Santa Maria, and Alcantara uses letter "L" instead of "R". Example "Kararaw" is "Kalalaw", and other speakers change "R" for "D" as in "run" to "dun"
Inonhan
Onhan language
Saluan
The Logol language, or Lukha, is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Logol
Logol language
Logo is a Central Sudanic language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by 210,000 people in 1989 according to SIL.
Logo
Logo language
Ke'o
Narim
Loma, or Lomakka (also Lomasse, or—ambiguously—Malinke), is a Niger–Congo language of Ivory Coast.
Loma
Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)
Lomakka language
Lou is a Southeast Admiralty Islands language spoken on Lou Island of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea by approximately 1000 people.
Lou
Lou language
The Loko language is a Mande language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Loko people, who live primarily in the Northern Province.
Loko
Loko language
Mongo, also called Nkundo or Mongo-Nkundu and Lomongo, is a language spoken by several of the Mongo peoples in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mongo speakers reside in central DRC, mostly south of the Congo River. Mongo is a tonal language.
Mongo
lolo bantu
mongo
Lomongo
Mongo language
Loma (Liberia)
Lomwe is a mixed language spoken in southeastern Malawi.
Lomwe
Malawi Lomwe
Lomwe, Malawi
Malawi Lomwe language
Minkin
The Lombo language (also called Olombo, Turumbu, Ulumbu) is in the Kele language group of Bantu languages. It is spoken by the Turumbu people of the Tshopo District, Isangi Territory, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lombo
Lombo language
Lopa
Bala (Lobala) is a Bantu language of DR Congo.
Lobala
Bala language
Lorhon, or Teen, is a Niger–Congo language of Ivory Coast and across the border in Burkina Faso.
Téén
Lorhon language
Loniu
Koropó (Coropó) is an extinct language of eastern Brazil.
Koropó
Koropó language
Otuho (also known as Lotuko or Lotuxo) is the language of the Lotuko people of Eastern Equatoria, an area in Southern Sudan. It is an Eastern Nilotic language, and has several dialects.
Otuho
Lotuko language
Louisiana Creole (Kréyol La Lwizyàn) (français: Créole louisianais) is a French Creole language spoken by the Louisiana Creole people of the state of Louisiana. The language consists of elements of French, Spanish, African, and Native American roots.
Créole louisianais
Louisiana Creole French
Creole French, Louisiana
Lopi
Tampias Lobu
Lobu, Tampias
The Loun language is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, mainly in the Maluku archipelago. The language is critically endangered, even the most optimistic estimates give the language less than 100 speakers.
Loun
Loun language
Loke
Lozi, also known as siLozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language of the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho languages branch of Zone S (S.30), that is spoken by the Lozi people, primarily in southwestern Zambia and in surrounding countries. This language is most closely related to Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Tswana (Setswana), Kgalagari (SheKgalagari) and Sotho (Sesotho/Southern Sotho). Lozi and its dialects are spoken and understood by approximately six percent of the population of Zambia. Silozi is the autoglottonym or name of the language used by its native speakers as defined by the United Nations. Lozi is the heteroglottonym.
Lozi
lozi
Idioma lozi
Lozi language
Língua lozi
Rotse-Sprache
Lelepa
Lepki is an unclassified Papuan language spoken in Western New Guinea, near the unclassified languages Murkim and Kembra.
Lepki
Lepki language
Long Phuri Naga
Naga, Long Phuri
Lipo, or Eastern Lisu, is a language of the Lisu people of China, similar to but not intelligible with Lisu proper. Some Lipo are classified by the government as Lisu, others as Yi. In some areas, the people prefer the name Lolopo or Lolongo.
Lipo
Lipo language
Tambora is the poorly attested non-Austronesian (Papuan) language of the Tambora culture of central Sumbawa, in what is now Indonesia, which was wiped out by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. This was the westernmost known Papuan language (Donahue 2007), and was relatively unusual among such languages in being the language of a maritime trading state, though contemporary Papuan trading states were also found off Halmahera in Ternate and Tidore.
Tambora
Tambora language
Lopit
Lara’ (also called Luru, Berkati, Bakati, Bekatiq, Bekati’ Nyam-Pelayo, Bekati’ Kendayan, and Rara Bakati’) is a language spoken by some 19,000 people in Borneo, on both the Indonesian side (West Kalimantan) and Malaysian side (Sarawak) of the island. Most information about it has been gathered by various Christian missionary groups.
Rara Bakati'
Rara bakati’
Lara language
The Borujerdi dialect is a local dialect spoken in Borujerd city and its surrounding areas in the province of Lorestan in Iran. Borujerdi is more similar to Persian than the Luri of Khurramabad, spoken in other parts of Lorestan, being in some aspects is completely different.
Northern Luri
Borujerdi dialect
Luri, Northern
Laurentian, or St. Lawrence Iroquoian, was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is believed to have disappeared with the extinction of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, likely as a result of warfare by the more powerful Mohawk from the Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy to the south, in present-day New York state.
Laurentian
Laurentien
Laurentisch
Laurentian language
The Laragiya language is an Australian language isolate spoken by just six people near the city of Darwin in northern Australia as of 1983. Ethnologue (2009) reported that it was extinct.
Laragia
Lingua laragiya
Laragiya language
Marachi
Olumarachi
Loarki is an Indo-Aryan language, classified as a Rajasthani language, and is spoken by 20,000 nomadic people in rural Sindh of Pakistan.
Loarki
Loarki language
Larestani or Lari ( or ) is a group of southwestern Iranian languages related to Luri and Persian, spoken in Larestan (Lar) region of Fars province and parts of Hormozgan province (including Bastak) in the south of Iran.
Lari
Larestani dialects
Marama
Olumarama
Lorang
Laro, also Laru, Aaleira, Ngwullaro, Yillaro, is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Laro
Laro language
Zarphatic or Judæo-French (Zarphatic: Tsarfatit) is an extinct Jewish language, formerly spoken among the Jewish communities of northern France and in parts of what is now west-central Germany, in such cities as Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, and Aachen.
Zarfatische Sprache
Zarphatic
Sarphatique
Zarfatico
Zarphatic language
Southern Yamphu
Yamphu, Southern
Yaygir
Larantuka Malay is a contact variety of Malay spoken in and around the city of Larantuka on the island of Flores in Indonesia, and in two enclaves: the village of Wure on the island of Adonara (across a narrow strait from Larantuka) and four villages on Konga Bay, about 40 kilometers south of Larantuka on Flores, and serves more generally as a lingua franca on the eastern tip of Flores and nearby islands. There are approximately 23,000 native speakers of Larantuka Malay. Second language speakers of Larantuka Malay are primarily found in and around the city of Larantuka and through the eastern part of Flores island, as well as the nearby islands of Adonara, Solor and Lembata (Lomblen), and natively speak Lamaholot or other languages closely related to Lamaholot, which, until recently, were believed to be dialects of Lamaholot.
Larantuka Malay
Malay, Larantuka
Larevat
Lemerig
Lasgerdi
Lishana Deni is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in the town of Zakho and its surrounding villages in northern Iraq, on the border with Turkey. Most speakers now live in and around Jerusalem. The name Lishana Deni means our language, and is similar to names used by other Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects (Lishan Didan, Lishanid Noshan). Other popular names for the language are Lishan Hozaye, the language of the Jews, and Kurdit, Kurdish. Scholarly sources tend simply to refer to Lishana Deni as Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic.
Lishana Deni
Yandjibara
Lusengo
Lyons Sign Language is an old sign language of France. It is not intelligible with and apparently not related to French Sign Language, which developed in Paris. The number of current speakers is not attested.
Lyons Sign Language
Lishpa, or Lish, is a small Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India.
Lish
Lish language
Lashi (endonym Lachik) is a Burmish language. It is according to Nishi (1999: 70) in the Maruic branch, which preserves the preglottalized initials of Proto-Burmish in the most phonotactic environments.
Lashi
Lashi language
Latvian Sign Language
Mayi-Yapi
Samia (Saamia) is a Luhya dialect of Uganda and Kenya.
Saamia
Olusamia
Samia dialect
Laos Sign Language
Panamanian Sign Language
Lengua de Señas Panameñas
Aruop
Lasi
Mayi-Kulan
Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language
Mauritian Sign Language
Middle Chinese , also called Ancient Chinese by the linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.
Chinois médiéval
Medio cinese
Middle Chinese
Chinese, Late Middle
Late Middle Chinese
Latgalian language can mean one of the following: #It was a language spoken by Latgalians in a great part of the area which is now Latvia. Latgalian was a member of the Baltic group of the Indo-European language family. Historically the Latvian language is derived from Latgalian (with additions from a few other languages, e.g. Old Curonian, Semigallian and Livonian). #Nowadays it normally refers to a language spoken in Latgale, the eastern part of Latvia. Sometimes it is referred to as a distinct separate language, while others consider it to be a dialect of Latvian. This modern Latgalian developed as a result of two main factors: Latgalians having preserved more features of the archaic (tribal) Latgalian language than the other Latvians and Latgale being separated for several centuries from other parts of Latvia.
Latgalian
Latgalien
Lettgallische Sprache
Lingua latgalliana
Língua latgália
Latgalian language
Leti is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Leti in Maluku. Although it shares a lot of vocabulary with the neighboring Luang language, and is marginally mutually intelligible, it is not clear that it is more closely related to Luang than to other Southwest Maluku languages.
Leti (Indonesia)
Leti language
Yalakalore
Latundê
Tsotso
Olutsotso
Tachoni
Lutachoni
Latu
Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch; , , , ) is a High German language spoken mainly in Luxembourg. About 320,000 people worldwide speak Luxembourgish.
Luxembourgish
Luxemburgisch
lussemburghese
luxembourgeois
luxemburgués
luxemburguês
Idioma luxemburgués
Letzeburgesch
Lingua lussemburghese
Luxembourgeois
Luxembourgish language
Luxemburgische Sprache
Língua luxemburguesa
Luba-Kasai (also called Luba-Lulua, Western Luba, Kasai, Luva, and Tshiluba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it is a national language, along with Lingala, Swahili, and Kikongo. It is one of two major Congolese languages called "Luba". (See Luba-Katanga.)
Luba-Lulua
Tschiluba
Tshiluba
luba-lulua
Idioma chiluba
Luba-Kasai language
Língua tshiluba
Luba-Katanga, also known as Luba-Shaba and Kiluba, is one of two major Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo called "Luba". (See Luba-Kasai.) It is spoken mostly in the south-east area of the country by the Luba people.
Kiluba
Luba-Katanga
luba-catanga
luba-katanga
Luba-Katanga language
Mayi-Thakurti
Aringa, also known as Low Lugbara, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Aringa people in the West Nile region of Uganda. It is related to the language spoken by the Lugbara and Madi peoples.
Aringa
Aringa language
Ludic or Ludian or Ludic Karelian (Luudi, Lyydi, or lüüdi) is a Finnic language in the Uralic language family. Some consider it a transitional language between Olonets Karelian language and Veps language. It is spoken by 3,000 people in the Republic of Karelia in Russia, near the northwestern shore of Lake Onega, including some child-speakers. Some speakers also speak Russian.
Lingua ludica
Ludian
Lüdische Sprache
Ludic language
Luvale (also spelled Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) is a Bantu language spoken by the Lovale people of Angola and Zambia. It is recognized as a regional language for educational and administrative purposes in Zambia, where about 168,000 (2006) people speak it.
Luvale
Luvale language
Laua, also known as Labu, is a native language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in the Central Province, north and west of Laua according to Ethnologue. Laua now has only one remaining speaker as of 1987, making it nearly extinct. There is little hope of recovering Laua since only one elder speaker remains. The last speaker was registered in 2000. Laua may even be extinct. It is classified as Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan. Note that it is not the same thing as the Labu language of Morobe Province.
Laua
Laua language
Ganda, or Luganda (Ganda: Oluganda ), is the major language of Uganda, spoken by over sixteen million Ganda and other people mainly in Southern Uganda, including the capital Kampala. It belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger–Congo language family. Typologically, it is a highly agglutinating language with subject–verb–object word order and nominative–accusative morphosyntactic alignment.
Ganda
Luganda
ganda
Ganda-Sprache
Idioma luganda
Lingua luganda
Língua luganda
luganda
Yorta Yorta (Yotayota) is a a dialect cluster, or perhaps a group of closely related languages, once spoken by Yorta Yorta people, Indigenous Australians from the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day northeast Victoria. Dixon considers it an isolate.
Yorta Yorta
Yorta Yorta language
The Luiseño language is an Uto-Aztecan language of California spoken by the Luiseño, a Native American people who at the time of the first contacts with the Spanish in the 16th century inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles from the southern part of Los Angeles County, California, to the northern part of San Diego County, California, and inland 30 miles. The people are called "Luiseño" due to their proximity to the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
Luiseno
Luiseno-Sprache
luiseno
luiseño
Idioma luiseño
Luiseño
Luiseño language
Luna
Lunanakha (Dzongkha: ལུང་ནག་ན་ཁ་; Wylie: lung-nag-na-kha) is a Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan (Lunana Gewog, Gasa District) by some 1,700 people as of 1998. Most are yak-herding pastoralists. Lunanakha is closely related to Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan.
Lunanakha
Lunana language
Olubo is a Central Sudanic language spoken by 15.000 Olubo people in Southern Sudan
Olu'bo
Olu'bo language
Luimbi
Lunda, also known as Chilunda, is a Bantu language spoken in Zambia, Angola and, to a lesser extent, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lunda and its dialects are spoken and understood by perhaps 2.6% of Zambians (1986 estimate), and the language is used mainly in the northern part of that country.
Chilunda
Lunda
lunda
Lunda language
Lunda-Sprache
The Luo language, Dholuo (pronounced ) or Luo proper, is the eponymous language of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 4.4 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south. It is used for broadcasts on KBC (Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, formerly the Voice of Kenya) and Radio Ramogi. Dholuo is closely related to Lango, Acholi, and Adhola of Uganda. It is somewhat more distantly related to Luwo, also a Western Nilotic language, spoken in Sudan.
Luo
luo
Dholuo
Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
Luo language
Luo-Sprache
Língua luo
luo (Kenya et Tanzanie)
Lumbu is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.
Lumbu
Lumbu language
Lucumi is a Yoruba dialect spoken by practitioners of the Santería religion in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. It is also known as Yoruba and Santeria. Lucumi is a liturgical language used in Santeria's prayers, chants and songs.
Lucumi
Lukumí
Lucumi language
Laura
The Mizo language (Mizo: Mizo ṭawng) is natively spoken by Mizo people in Mizoram, a state in the Indian Union; Chin State of Burma and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The language is also known as Lushai (by the Colonial British), as Lusei people are the first clan who have an external exposure. For this reason, even in most of modern writings Lushai (or Lusei) is being used instead of Mizo.
Mizo
lushai
Lushai
Lushai-Sprache
Mizo language
Zhang-Zhung is an extinct Tibeto-Burman language that was spoken in what is now western Tibet. The term Zhang-zhung language has been used to refer to two different entities. The first Old Zhang-zhung refers to the language which appears in a small number of documents preserved in Dunhuang. The language of these text was identified as Zhang-zhung by F. W. Thomas and this identification has been accepted by Takeuchi Tsuguhito (武内紹人). However, Dan Martin questions the wisdom of connecting the language of these texts to the language which occurs occasionally in the scriptures of the Bon religion.
Zhang-Zhung
Zhang-Zhung language
Lushootseed (also xʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid, Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish, Skagit-Nisqually) is the language or dialect continuum of several Salish Native American groups of modern-day Washington state. Lushootseed is a member of Coast Salish, one of the two main divisions of the Salishan language group.
Idioma lushootseed
Lushootseed
Lushootseed language
Lumba-Yakkha
Luwati is an Indo-Iranian language spoken by over 5,000 people (1996 census) in Oman of the Al-Lawati tribe.
Luwati
Luwati language
The Luo language is an unclassified language spoken in a section of the Atta region of Cameroon. It is a critically endangered language, with only one speaker remaining as of 1995. Ethnologue calls it "nearly extinct," but admits that it is highly likely that this language is extinct.
Luo (Cameroon)
Luhya (also Luyia, Luhia) is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken in the western part of Kenya by the Luhya people. Minor populations of Luhya speakers are also found in Uganda, especially in Busia. Although the Luhya principally occupy the Western province of Kenya, substantial populations have settled in the Kitale area of the Rift Valley Province. The Luhya population in Kenya is about 8,000,000, while those in Uganda and Tanzania account for about 50,000.
Luhya
Luyia
louhya
luyia
Luhya language
Língua luhya
Olulujia
Oluluyia
Southern Luri
Luri, Southern
Makuv'a, also spelled Makua and also known as Lovaea (Lovaia), is a nearly extinct Austronesian language spoken at the northeast tip of East Timor near the town of Tutuala.
Maku'a
Makuv'a language
Lavukaleve is one of the four Central Solomons languages of the Solomon Islands. It is thus assumed to be the descendant of the languages spoken in the Solomon Islands before the spread of the much more numerous Austronesian languages. The name Lavukaleve derives from the ethnonym Lavukal. The Lavukals are the indigenous peoples of the Russell Islands, part of the Solomon Islands Central Province. A comprehensive grammatical description of Lavukaleve was published by the linguist Angela Terrill in 2003.
Lavukaleve
Lavukaleve language
Latvian (latviešu valoda) is the official state language of Latvia. It is also sometimes referred to as Lettish. There are about 1.4 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and about 150,000 abroad. The Latvian language has a relatively large number of non-native speakers, atypical for a small language. Because of the language policy in Latvia about 1.9 million or 79% of Latvian population speak Latvian. The use of the Latvian language in various areas of social life in Latvia is increasing.
Idioma letón
Latvian language
Lettische Sprache
Letton
Lingua lettone
Língua letã
Latvian, Standard
Standard Latvian
Levuka
Lwalu, also known as Lwalwa, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its classification is uncertain: Nurse (2003), following Ahmed (1995), assigns all of Guthrie's L.20 languages to Luban, and Lwalu is L.23. Ehret, however, places it as a distant relative of many of the Zone B and C languages.
Lwalu
Lwalu language
Semigallian is an extinct language of the Baltic language sub-family of the Indo-European languages.
Lingua semigallica
Sémigalien
Zemgalian
Semigallian language
Lewo Eleng
Wanga
Oluwanga
White Lachi
Lachi, White
Eastern Lawa
Lawa, Eastern
Laomian
Dheluo (also known as Luwo or Luo) is a language spoken by Jo Luo people of Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan. The language is most prominently spoken in western and northern parts of Bahr El Ghazal. These people are one of the Luo peoples of East Africa.
Luwo
Luwo language
Lewotobi
Lawu
Lewo
Layakha (Dzongkha: ལ་ཡ་ཁ་, ལ་ཡག་ཁ་; Wylie: la-ya-kha, la-yag-kha) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by indigenous Layaps inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, Gasa District. Speakers also inhabit the northern regions of Thimphu (Lingzhi Gewog) and Punakha Districts. Its speakers are ethnically related to Tibetans. Most speakers live at an altitude of , just below the Tsendagang peak. Layakha speakers are also called Bjop by the Bhutanese, sometimes considered a condescending term. Their population in 2003 stood at 1,100.
Layakha
Laya language
Lyngngam
Luyana (Louyi, Lui, Luyi, Rouyi) is a Bantu language spoken by almost half a million people in Zambia and in discontinuous areas of Nambia and Angola. It appears to be an divergent lineage of Bantu.
Luyana
Luyana language
Classical Chinese or Literary Chinese (古文/文言) is a traditional style of written Chinese based on the grammar and vocabulary of ancient Chinese, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Classical Chinese was used for almost all formal correspondence in China until the early 20th century, and also, during various periods, in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Classical Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese (; pinyin: báihuà, "plain speech"), a style of writing that is similar to modern spoken Mandarin Chinese, while speakers of non-Chinese languages have largely abandoned Classical Chinese in favor of local vernaculars.
Chino clásico
Chinois classique
Klassisches Chinesisch
Literary Chinese
Chinese, Literary
Classical Chinese
Ancient Zapotec
Zapotec, Ancient
Litzlitz
Leinong Naga
Naga, Leinong
The Laz language (ლაზური ნენა, lazuri nena; , lazuri ena, or ჭანური ენა, č'anuri ena, also chanuri ena; ) is a South Caucasian language (also known as Kartvelian language) spoken by the Laz people on the Southeast shore of the Black Sea. It is estimated that there are around 30,000 native speakers of Laz in Turkey, in a strip of land extending from Melyat to the Georgian border (officially called Lazistan until 1925), and about 2,000 in Georgia. | c | |- | ძ | z’ | ʒ | |- | წ | ts’, or з’ | ċ | |- | ჭ | ç’ | č’ | |- | ხ | x | x | |- | ჯ | c | ǯ | |- | ჰ | h | h | |- | ჶ | f | f | |}
Idioma laz
Lasische Sprache
Laz
Laze
Lingua laz
Língua laz
Laz language
San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec
Mazatec, San Jerónimo Tecóatl
Yutanduchi Mixtec
Mixtec, Yutanduchi
Madurese is a language of the Madurese people of Madura Island and eastern Java, Indonesia; it is also spoken on the neighbouring small Kangean Islands and Sapudi Islands, as well as from migrants to other parts of Indonesia, namely the Tapal Kuda area comprising Pasuruan, Surabaya, Malang until Banyuwangi, Masalembu Islands, even some on Kalimantan. The Kangean dialect may be a separate language. It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Latin script is now more commonly used. The number of speakers, though shrinking, is estimated to be 8-13 million.
Madura
Madurese
madurais
madurese
madurés
madurês
Língua maduresa
Madurais
Madurese language
Maduresisch
madourais
Barkul is a Plateau language of Nigeria. The two dialects, Bo and Rukul, are notable distinct. The classification of Barkul is unclear, but it appears to be closest to Fyam and Horom.
Bo-Rukul
Barkul language
Mafa is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.
Mafa
mafa
Mafa language
The Yaminahua language is a Panoan language in Western Amazonia.
Yaminahua
Yaminahua language
The Magahi language (Devanagari: मगही; also known as Magadhi, मगधी) is a language spoken in India. Magadhi Prakrit was the ancestor of Magadhi, from which the latter's name derives. The ancestral language, Magadhi Prakrit, is believed to be the language spoken by the Buddha, and the language of the ancient kingdom of Magadha. Magadhi is closely related to Bhojpuri and Maithili, and these languages are sometimes referred to as a single language, Bihari. These languages, together with several other related languages, are known as the Bihari languages, which form a sub-group of the Eastern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. Magadhi has approximately 18 million speakers.
Khotta
Magahi
magahi
Lingua magadhi
Magahi language
The Marshallese language (Marshallese: , or in older orthography , pronounced ) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Marshall Islands, and the principal language of the country. There are two major dialects: Rālik (western) and Ratak (eastern).
Marschallesisch
Marshallese
marshall
marshallese
marshalés
marshalês
Idioma marshalés
Lingua marshallese
Língua marshalesa
Marshallais
Marshallese language
Marshallesische Sprache
Maithili language (मैथिली, মৈথিলী, Maithilī) is spoken in the eastern region of India and South-eastern region of Nepal. The native speakers of Maithili reside in Bihar, Jharkhand, parts of West Bengal and South-east Nepal. The cultural and linguistic centers of Maithili in Bihar are the districts of Madhubani, Supaul, Araria, Darbhanga, Sitamarhi, Saharsa, Begusarai, Muzaffarpur, Sheohar, Samastipur, and Vaishali . Maithili is also spoken in the Terai region of Nepal, mainly in Narayani Zone, Janakpur Zone, Koshi Zone, and Sagarmatha Zone of Nepal. It is the second largest spoken language of Nepal (around 12%).
Maithili
maithili
Lingua maithili
Língua maithili
Maithili language
Maïthili
Jalapa Mazatec is a Mazatecan language, spoken by ca. 15,000 people, one-third of whom are monolingual, in 13 villages in the vicinity of the town of San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz in the Tuxtepec District of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is most closely related to Ixcatlán Mazatec, and somewhat more distantly related to the prestige variety of Mazatec, Huautla. Literacy in Jalapa is taught alongside Spanish in local schools.
Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec
Mazatèque de Jalapa
Jalapa Mazatec language
Mazatec, Jalapa De Díaz
Makassarese (sometimes spelled Makasar, Makassar, or Macassar) is a language used by the Makassarese people in South Sulawesi island (Celebes) in Indonesia. It is a member of the Austronesian language family of the South Sulawesi group, and thus closely related to, among others, Buginese.
Makasar
Makassar
Makassarisch
macasar
makasar
Língua makassaresa
Makassar-Sprache
Makassarese language
makassar
Malayalam (pronounced ; , ), is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people. Overseas it is also used by a small population of Indian expatriates living around the globe.
Malayalam
malaiala
malayalam
Lingua malayalam
Língua malaiala
Mam is a Mayan language with almost 480,000 speakers as of 2002, spoken in the Mexican state of Chiapas and the Guatemalan departments of Quetzaltenango, Huehuetenango, San Marcos, and Retalhuleu. There are also thousands of Mam speakers in California, United States.
Idioma mam
Língua mam
Mam
Mam language
Manding
Manding-Sprache
mandinga
mandingo
mandingue
Mandingo
Chiquihuitlán Mazatec
Mazatec, Chiquihuitlán
Marathi (; ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. and is the fifteenth most spoken language in the world. Marathi has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indo-Aryan languages, dating from about 1000 AD. The major dialects of Marathi are called Standard Marathi and Warhadi Marathi. There are a few other sub-dialects like Ahirani, Dangi, Vadvali, Samavedi, Khandeshi, and Malwani. Standard Marathi is the official language of the State of Maharashtra.
Marathi
marata
marathe
marathi
Idioma maratí
Lingua marathi
Língua marata
Marathi language
Kwavi is the dialect of Maasai spoken by the Kwavi people ( Parakuyo or Baraguyu) of Tanzania. It was formerly listed as "unclassified" by the Ethnologue, which corrected this mistake in the 15th edition by incorporating it in Maasai.
Masai
Massai-Sprache
masai
massai
Kwavi dialect
massaï
San Francisco Matlatzinca
Matlatzinca, San Francisco
Yuhup
Huautla Mazatec
Mazatec, Huautla
The Mawe language of Brazil, also known as Sataré (Mabue, Maragua, Andira, Arapium), is one of the Tupian languages. It is spoken by 7000, many of them monolingual.
Sateré-Mawé
Mawé language
Mampruli is a Gur language spoken in Ghana.
Mampruli
Mampruli language
North Moluccan Malay
Malay, North Moluccan
Central Mazahua
Mazahua, Central
Higaonon
Western Bukidnon Manobo
Manobo, Western Bukidnon
Pass Valley Yali
Yali, Pass Valley
Macushi is the most populous of the Cariban languages, spoken by 30,000 in Brazil and Guyana. It is also spelled Makushi, Makusi, Makuxi, Macusi, Macussi, and also known as Teweya (Teueia).
Idioma macushi
Macushi
Macushi language
Dibabawon Manobo
Manobo, Dibabawon
Molala (Molele, Molalla) is the extinct and poorly attested Plateau Penutian language of the Molala people. It is first attested along the Deschutes River, and later moved to the Molalla and Santiam rivers, and to the headwaters of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers. It was once thought to be close to Cayuse. There were three known dialects:
Idioma molala
Molale
Molala language
Baba Malay
Malay, Baba
Mangseng
Ilianen Manobo
Manobo, Ilianen
Nadëb is a Nadahup language of the Brazilian Amazon, along the Uneiuxi, Japura, and Negro rivers. Various names for it include Nadöbö, Xïriwai, Hahöb, Guariba/Wariwa, Kaborí, Anodöub, sometimes compounded with the term Maku.
Nadëb
Nadëb language
Malol
The Yagua language is spoken by the Yagua people, primarily in northeastern Peru. As of 2005, it appears that a few speakers may have migrated northward across the Peruvian-Colombian border near the town of Leticia. A third of the population is monolingual, and Yagua is the language of instruction in local primary schools.
Yagua
Yagua language
Maxakalí is a Maxakalían language spoken in fourteen villages in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by fewer than a thousand people.
Língua maxakalí
Machacali
Maxakalí
Maxakalí language
Ombamba (Mbaama, Lembaamba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Bambama District (Lekoumou Region) of the Republic of Congo and in Haut-Ogooué Province, south of Okondja, in Gabon by the Obamba people.
Ombamba
Ombamba language
Macaguán is a Guahiban language that was spoken by about 400 people in Colombia. Many of its speakers are monoglots.
Macaguán
Macaguán language
Mboo, also Manenguba, Sambo, is a language spoken in Cameroon by the Mbo people. A variety, Bafong, is reported for an area along the main road going north from Kumba. (J.A.Biddulph (talk) 20:25, 6 February 2012 (UTC))
Mbo
Mbo (Cameroon)
Mbo language
Damana (also known as Wiwa, Guamaco, Malayo, Sanja or Arosario) is a Chibchan language spoken by around 2000 Wiwa south and east of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
Damana
Malayo
Wiwa language
Maisin (or Maisan) is a language of Papua New Guinea with both Austronesian and Papuan features. The Austronesian elements are those of the Nuclear Papuan Tip languages. The Papuan element is Binanderean or Dagan. It is spoken by the Maisin people of Oro Province.
Maisin
Maisin language
The Nukak language is a tone language, perhaps part of the small Nadahup (Makú) language family. It is mutually intelligible with Kakwa.
Idioma nukak
Nukak
Nukak Makú
Nukak language
Sarangani Manobo
Manobo, Sarangani
Matigsalug Manobo
Manobo, Matigsalug
Mbula-Bwazza is one of the Jarawan Bantu languages of Nigeria. It is a dialect cluster; Blench (2011) divides it into several languages, as follows: * Bwazza * Mbula: Mbula, Tambo, Kula, Gwamba.
Mbula-Bwazza
Mbula-Bwazza language
Mbulungish is a Senegambian language of Guinea.
Mbulungische Sprache
Mbulungish
Mbulungish language
Mairasi ( Faranyao and Kaniran) is a Papuan language of the Bomberai Peninsula of Papua, Indonesia.
Mairasi
Mairasi language
Maring (Mareng), or Yoadabe-Watoare, is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Chimbu–Wahgi branch spoken in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Central Maring, Eastern Maring, Timbunki, Tsuwenki, Karamba, Kambegl; Central Maring is understood by all.
Maring
Maring language
Yaruro (also spelled Llaruro or Yaruru; also called Yuapín or Pumé) is an indigenous language language spoken along the Orinoco, Sinaruco, Meta, and Apure rivers of Venezuela. It is not well classified; it may be an isolate, or distantly related to the extinct Esmeralda language.
Idioma yaruro
Pumé
Yaruro
Yaruro language
Mari (East Sepik Province)
Memoni
Amoltepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Amoltepec
Maká is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay by the Maká people. Its 1500 speakers live primarily in Presidente Hayes Department near the Río Negro, as well as in and around Asunción.
Maca
Maká
Maká language
Machiguenga (Matsigenka) is a major Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Nomatsiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people.
Machiguenga
Machiguenga language
Bitur
Sharanawa is a Panoan language of Peru. There are 200 Sharanawa in Brazil, but they no longer speak the language.
Sharanahua
Sharanawa language
Itundujia Mixtec
Mixtec, Itundujia
The Matsés language (sometimes called Mayoruna) is an indigenous language of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon basin which belongs to the Panoan language family and is spoken by ca. 2000 Matsés people (Fleck 2006). The language is vigorous and is spoken by all age groups in the Matsés communities. In the Matsés communities several other indigenous languages are also spoken by women who have been captured from neighboring tribes and some mixture of the languages occur (Fields & Wise 1976 p. 1, Fleck 2006 p. 542).
Matses
Matsés
Matsés language
Mapoyo is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela. The ethnic population is about 365.
Mapoyo
Mapoyo language
Maquiritari, Dekwana or Ye'kuana, is a Cariban language of Venezuela, with a few hundred speakers in Brazil.
Maquiritari
Ye'kuana language
Mese
Mvanip
Yaka, also spelled Iaca and Iyaka, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. There are two dialects, Yaka proper and Ngoongo.
Kiyaka
Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Yaka language
Mbunda is a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola.
Mbunda
Mbunda language
Macaguaje
Papiá Kristang ("Christian language"), or just Kristang, is a creole language. It is spoken by the Kristang, a community of people of mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry, chiefly in Malacca (Malaysia) and Singapore.
Kristang language
Língua cristã
Creole Portuguese, Malaccan
Malaccan Creole Portuguese
Massa (or Masana, Masa) is a language spoken in southern Chad and northern Cameroon. It is a Chadic language with approximately 200,000 speakers.
Masana
Massa
Massa language
Coatlán Mixe
Mixe, Coatlán
Makaa is a Bantu language of Cameroon.
Makaa
Makaa language
Ese (Managalasi) is a language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. 40% of speakers are monolingual.
Ese
Ese language
Menya (Menyama, Menye) is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.
Menya
Menya language
Mambai
Mengisa
Cameroon Mambila
Mambila, Cameroon
Minanibai
Mawa (also known as Mahwa, Mahoua) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Mawa
Mawa (Chad)
Mawa language
Yagán (originally Yahgan, but also now spelled Yaghan, Jagan, Iakan), also known as Yámana and Háusi Kúta, is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yagán people. It is regarded as a language isolate, although some linguists have attempted to relate it to Kawésqar and Chon.
Idioma yagán
Yámana
Língua yagan
Yagan
Yaghan language
Mpiemo
South Watut
Watut, South
Mawan
Mada is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria.
Mada
Mada (Nigeria)
Mada language
Morigi
Male
Male (Papua New Guinea)
Mbum is an Adamawa language of Cameroon spoken by about 51,000 people. Speakers are mostly bilingual in Fulfulde. It is also known as Buna, Mboum, Mboumtiba, and Wuna.
Mboum
Mbum
Mbum language
Maba is a Maban language language of Chad, where it is a local trade language.
Maba
maba
Maba (Chad)
Maba language
The Moksha language is a member of the Finno-Volgaic subdivision of the Uralic languages with about 500,000 native speakers. Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia. Its closest relative is the Erzya language, with which it is not intelligible. Moksha is also considered to be closely related to the extinct Meshcherian and Muromian languages. There are presently six dialects of Moksha: Central, Western (or Zubu dialect), South-Western, Northern, South-Eastern and Southern.
Moksha
mocsa
moksa
moksha
Idioma moksha
Lingua mokša
Mokcha
Mokschanische Sprache
Moksha language
Massalat
Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by majority of the population of Maguindanao Province in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, and General Santos, and the provinces of North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, as well as Metro Manila.
Maguindanao
Maguindanaon
Maguindanao language
Mamvu is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo. It is quite similar to Lese.
Mamvu
Mamvu language
Mangbetu
Mangbutu is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo. It, or its speakers, are also known as Mangu-Ngutu, Mombuttu, Wambutu. The 1200 Andinai are separated from other Mangbutu speakers by Lese; they speak a distinct dialect, as do the Andali tribe (Angwe dialect).
Mangbutu
Mangbutu language
The Yazgulyam language (also Yazgulyami, Iazgulem, Yazgulam; ) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Iranian languages, spoken by ca. 4,000 native speakers (as of 1994) along the Yazgulyam River, Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. Together with Shugni, it is classified as the Shugni-Yazgulami subgroup of the Pamir languages. Virtually all speakers are bilingual in the Tajik language.
Yazgulyam
Yazgulyam language
Maltese Sign Language
Mayogo (also spelled Mayugo, Majugu, Maigo, Maiko, Mayko and also called Kiyogo) is a Ubangian language spoken by the Day (Angai), Maambi, and Mangbele peoples of DRC Congo. It is not close enough to Bangba, the most closely related language, for mutual intelligibility.
Mayogo
Mayogo language
Mbati, also known as Songo, is the principal Bantu language spoken in the Central African Republic, along the Ubangi River in the extreme south of the country.
Mbati
Mbati language
Mbala (Gimbala, Rumbala) is a Bantu language of the Congo.
Mbala
Mbala language
Mbole is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is spoken by the Mbole people, with a population of about 100,000 as of 1971 living in the Tshopo District, southwest of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Mbole
Mbole language
Mandar (also Andian, Manjar, Mandharsche) is an Austronesian language spoken by the group ethnic Mandar living in West Sulawesi province, Indonesia, especially in the sea side regencies like - Majene and Polewali-Mandar as well as few settlements in the islands of Pangkep District also known as Spermonde Archipelago and Ujung Lero, small peninsula near Pare-Pare).
Mandar
mandar
Língua mandar
Mandar language
Mandaresisch
Maria is a Manubaran language spoken in the "bird's tail" of Papua New Guinea by approximately 1,350 people.
Maria
Maria (Papua New Guinea)
Maria language
Mbere (Mbede, Mbete) is a Bantu language spoken in the Republic of Congo and Gabon.
Mbere
Mbere language
:Not to be confused with the Kpwe-Mboko language Mboko (Mboxo) is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo.
Mboko
Mboko language
Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec
Mixtec, Santa Lucía Monteverde
Mbosi (Mboshi) is a Bantu language spoken in the Republic of Congo.
Mbochi
Mbosi
Mboshi language
The Yaghnobi language is a living East Iranian language (the other living members being Pashto, Ossetic and the Pamir languages). Yaghnobi is spoken in the upper valley of the Yaghnob River in the Zarafshan area of Tajikistan by the Yaghnobi people. It is considered to be a direct descendant of Sogdian and has often been called Neo-Sogdian in academic literature.
Idioma yagnobi
Jaghnobi
Yagnobi
Língua yaghnobi
Yaghnobi
Yaghnobi language
Dizin (often called “Dizi” or “Maji” in the literature) is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in the Dizi woreda of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, located in southwestern Ethiopia. The 2007 census listed 33,927 speakers. A population of 17,583 was identified as monolinguals in 1994.
Dizi
Dizin
Língua dizin
Dizin language
Male (also spelled Maale), is an Omotic language spoken in the Omo Region of Ethiopia by the Male people. It is called in ISO 639-3 to distinguish it from .
Male (Ethiopia)
Male language
Suruí Do Pará
Menka is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Menka
Menka language
Ikobi
:Not to be confused with the Maran languages of the Pama–Nyungan family Marra (also spelled Mara) is an Australian Aboriginal language, traditionally spoken on an area of the Gulf of Carpentaria coast in the Northern Territory around the Roper, Towns and Limmen Rivers. Marra is now an endangered language. The most recent survey was in 1991; at that time, there were only 15 speakers, all elderly. Most Marra people now speak Kriol as their main language. The remaining elderly Marra speakers live in the Aboriginal communities of Ngukurr, Numbulwar, Borroloola and Minyerri.
Mara
Marra language
Melpa (also written Medlpa) is a Papuan language spoken by about 130,000 people predominantly in Mount Hagen and the surrounding district of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Melpa
Melpa language
Mengen
Megam is a Tibeto-Burman language of Bangladesh. It is most closely related to Garo, but has been strongly influenced by Khasian languages, to the extent that it is only 7–9% lexically similar to with A’beng, the neighboring Garo dialect, but 60% similar to the Khasian language Lyngngam.
Megam
Megam language
Mea
Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec
Mixtec, Southwestern Tlaxiaco
Midob (also spelt Meidob) is the language of the Midob people in North Darfur. It is genetically part of the Nubian language family which is part of the Nilo-Saharan language phylum. Apart from their homeland, Midob speakers also live in the Khartoum area and Jezirat Aba. The Midob people call their language tìd-n-áal, literally "mouth of the Midob", and themselves tìddí (singular), tìd (plural). There are an estimated 50,000 Midob speakers in two main dialects, Urrti and Kaageddi.
Midob
Midob language
Meax (Meyah) is a Papuan language on the north coast of Papua, Indonesia.
Meyah
Meax language
Mekeo is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea and had 19,000 speakers in 2003. It is an Oceanic language of the Papuan Tip Linkage. The two major villages that the language is spoken in are located in the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. These are named Ongofoina and Inauaisa. The language is also broken up into four dialects: East Mekeo; North West Mekeo; West Mekeo and North Mekeo. The standard dialect is East Mekeo. This main dialect is addressed throughout the article.
Mekeo
Mekeo language
Melanau is an Austronesian language spoken in the coastal area of the Rejang delta on northwest Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia and Brunei. There are several dialects—Mukah-Oya, Balingian, Bruit, Dalat, Igan, Sarikei, Segahan, Prehan, Segalang, and Siteng.
Central Melanau
Melanau language
Melanau, Central
Yangere is a Ubangian language of the Central African Republic. It is closely related to Central Banda.
Banda-Yangere
Yangere language
Mangala
Mende is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. It is spoken by the Mende people and by other ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca in southern Sierra Leone.
Mende
mende
mendé
Idioma mende
Lingua mende
Língua mende
Mende (Sierra Leone)
Mende language
Mende-Sprache
Mendé
Kedah Malay is a form of Malay spoken in the Malaysian states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, and Perlis. It is also spoken in Thailand's southern province of Satun, where it is called "Satun Malay".
Kedah Malay
Malay, Kedah
Miriwoong is an Australian Indigenous language which today has about 20 speakers, most of whom live in or near Kununurra in Western Australia.
Miriwoong
Miriwung
Miriwoong language
Merey is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dugur is a dialect.
Merey
Merey language
Meru is the language spoken by the Meru people (Ameru) who live on the Eastern and Northern slopes of Mount Kenya, Kenya, Africa and on the Nyambene ranges. They settled in this area after centuries of migration from the north.
Meru
meru
Meru language
Masmaje (also known as Masmadje, Mesmedje) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Masmaje
Masmaje language
Mato
Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan Tip languages, and is spoken by the Motuans, native inhabitants of Papua New Guinea. It is still commonly used today in the region, particularly around the capital, Port Moresby.
Idioma motu
Motu
Motu language
The Mann language, also known as Maa, Mah, Mano and Mawe, is a significant Mande language of Liberia and Guinea. It is spoken primarily in Nimba County in north-central Liberia by 188,000 and by 71,000 in Nzérékoré, Lola and Yomou Prefectures in Guinea.
Mano
Mann
Mann language
Maaka (also known as Maha, Maka, Maga, Magha) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.
Maaka
Maaka language
Yakama
Hassānīya ( Hassānīya; also known as Hassaniyya, Klem El Bithan, Hasanya, Hassani, Hassaniya) is the variety of Arabic originally spoken by the Beni Hassān Bedouin tribes, who extended their authority over most of Mauritania and the Western Sahara between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. It has almost completely replaced the Berber languages spoken in this region. Though clearly a western dialect, Hassānīya is relatively distant from other North African variants of Arabic. Its geographical location exposed it to influence from Zenaga and Wolof. There are several dialects of Hassaniya. The primary differences among them are phonetic. Today Hassaniya is spoken by inhabitants of Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Senegal and the Western Sahara.
Hassania
Hassaniyya
Hassanya
Hassanía
Hassānīya language
The Menominee language (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language originally spoken by the Menominee people of northern Wisconsin and Michigan. It is still spoken on the Menominee Nation lands in Northern Wisconsin in the United States.
Menominee
Menominee language
Pattani Malay or Patani Malay, often referred to in Thailand as Yawi (in Thai) or Jawi (in Patani Malay), is a dialect of the Malay language spoken in the southernmost provinces of Thailand along the border with Malaysia. It is the primary spoken language of the Thai Malay ethnic group, but is also used as a linga franca by ethnic Thai in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim, and the samsam, a mostly Thai-speaking population of mixed Malay and Thai ancestry. Pattani Malay is a highly divergent dialect of Malay, influenced by Thai and isolated from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains. Several varieties exist, but they are mutually comprehensible. It is almost identical to the Kelantanese Malay spoken just across the border; there has not been any detailed study to determine if they are in fact still the same language or have diverged.
Pattani Malay
Yawi
Malay, Pattani
Bangka is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the Island of Bangka in the Bangka-Belitung of Sumatra. There are about 340,000 speakers as of 2000. It is also known as Lom, Belom, Mapor or Maporese, and has a distinct vocabulary, grammar and phonology from other Malayan languages
Bangka
Bangka language
Mba, also known as (Ki)Manga or (Ki)Mbanga, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.
Mba
Mba language
Mendankwe-Nkwen
Mauritian Creole (called Kreol Morisien in creole) is a French-based creole language spoken in Mauritius. In addition to the French base of the language, there are also some words from English and from the many African and Asian languages that have been spoken on the island.
Creolo mauriziano
Criollo mauriciano
Créole mauricien
Morisyen
Crioulo de Maurício
Mauritian Creole
creolo mauriziano
criollo mauriciano
crioulo das Ilhas Maurícias
créole mauricien
Yalunka (or Jallonka) is the language of the Yalunka people of Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone in West Africa. It is in the Mande language family.
Jalonke
Yalunka
Jalonké
Yalunka language
Naki
Mogofin
Mixifore
Matal, also known as Muktele, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Matal
Matal language
Wandala, also Mandara, Mura, or Malgwa, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria.
Wandala
Wandala language
Mefele is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Mefele, Muhura, Serak, and Shugule.
Mefele
Mefele language
North Mofu is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Douroun and Wazan.
North Mofu
Mofu, North
North Mofu language
Putai (also known as Marghi West) is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. The language is dying out in favor of Kanuri.
Putai
Putai language
Marghi South is a Chadic language of Nigeria. It is perhaps closer to Huba than it is to Margi.
Marghi South
Marghi South language
Mbembe is a Cross River language of Nigeria.
Mbembe language
Cross River Mbembe
Mbembe, Cross River
Mbe is a language spoken by the Mbube people of the Ogoja, Cross River State, region of Nigeria, numbering about 14,300 people in 1973. As the closest relative of the Ekoid family of the Southern Bantoid languages, Mbe is fairly close to the Bantu languages. It is tonal and has a typical Niger–Congo noun-class system.
Mbe
Mbe language
Makassar Malay
Malay, Makassar
Moba
Marithiel
Yamba is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number in Nigeria.
Yamba
Yamba language
Mexican Sign Language (“lengua de señas mexicana” or LSM, also known by several other names), is the language of the Deaf community in the urban regions of Mexico. It is the language of 87,000 to 100,000 signers (1986 T. C. Smith-Stark).
Lengua de señas mexicana
Língua de sinais mexicana
Mexican Sign Language
Mokerang
Mbwela (Ambuella) is a Bantu language of Angola. It is closely related to Ngangela.
Mbwela
Mbwela language
Mandjak (Manjack) is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
Mandjak
Manjaque
Mandjak language
Mulaha
Melo (also known as Malo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region in Ethiopia.
Melo
Melo language
Mayo is an Uto-Aztecan language. It is spoken by about 40,000 people, the Mexican Mayo or Yoreme Indians, who live in the South of the Mexican state of Sonora and in the North of the neighboring state of Sinaloa. Under the "Law of Linguistic Rights" it is recognized as a "national language" along with 62 other indigenous languages and Spanish which have the same validity in Mexico.
Idioma mayo
Mayo
Mayo language
Mabaan, or Southern Burun, is a Luo language of South Sudan. It forms a dialect continuum with Burun.
Mabaan
Mabaan language
Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man from the 10th to 12th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English. The modern Goidelic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx, are all descendants of Middle Irish.
Middle Irish
Mittelirisch
Moyen irlandais
irlandese medio
irlandés medieval
irlandês médio
Idioma irlandés medio
Irish, Middle (900-1200)
Irlandês médio
Middle Irish (900-1200)
Mittelirische Sprache
irlandais moyen (900-1200)
irlandês, medieval
moyen irlandais
The Mararit language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in eastern Chad. language group of the Western branch of Nilo-Saharan. There are two dialects. One is called Mararit and the other is called Abou Charib. The majority speak the Abou Charid dialect of the language. Mararit people live in Argid Mararit, Abid Mararit, Wadah area, Donkey Kuma, Sani Kiro,in North Darfur State; in Silala area in South Darfur State and in Gienena provinvce in West Darfur State. Furthermore, the Talgai, Mirakawi,wilkawi,Tirgawi are sections of Mararit people .
Mararit
Mararit language
Morokodo
Moru is a Central Sudanic language spoken in South Sudan by the Moru people. Dialects are Agi, Andri ~ ’Bali’ba, Kadiro = Lakama’di, Miza, Moruwa’di.
Moru
Moru language
Mayangna
Mango
Maklew
Mpumpong
Makhuwa-Meetto (also known as Meto or Imeetto) is a Bantu language spoken by about 800,000 people in northern Mozambique and southern Tanzania. It is a member of the Makua group (P.30 in Guthrie's classification).
Makhuwa-Meetto
makhuwa-meetto
Makhuwa-Meetto language
Jili (Lijili) is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It is one of several languages which go by the name Koro.
Lijili
Jili language
Abureni
Mawes is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Mawes
Mawes language
Makonde is the language spoken by the Makonde, an ethnic group in southeast Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Makonde is a central Bantu language closely related to Yao. The Matembwe dialect is divergent, and may not be Makonde.
Chimakonde
Yao
yao
yao (bantu)
Makonde language
Yao-Sprache
Língua maconde
Maleu-Kilenge is an Austronesian language spoken by about 5200 swidden farmers, including about 1500 ethnic Kilenge, in the Talasea District of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.
Maleu-Kilenge
Maleu-kilenge
Maleu-Kilenge language
Mambae
Moronene is an Austronesian language (one of the Celebic languages) spoken in Bombana district, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Mbangi
Moronene
Moronene language
Meta’ is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. The Moghamo variety is perhaps divergent enough to be considered a distinct language.
Meta'
Meta' language
Eastern Magar
Magar, Eastern
Malila
Mambwe
Mambwe-Lungu
Mambwe-Lungu language
Manda, or Manda-Matumba, is a Bantu language of Tanzania. It was assigned to the Bena–Kinga (G60) group by Nurse (1988), though Ehret retains it in N10 Rufiji–Ruvuma (Songea).
Manda
Manda (Tanzania)
Manda language
Mongol
Mailu or Magi is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Mailu
Mailu language
Matengo is a Bantu language of Tanzania. Speakers are mostly monolingual, and neighboring languages are not intelligible.
Matengo
Matengo language
Matuumbi, also known as Kimatumbi, is a language spoken in Tanzania in the Kipatimu region of the Kilwa District, south of the Rufiji river. It is a Bantu language, P13 in Guthrie's classification. Kimatuumbi is closely related to the Ngindo, Mbunga, Rufiji and Ndengereko languages. It is spoken by about 70 000 people, according to the Ethnologue.
Matumbi
Matumbi language
Mbunga is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Mbunga
Mbunga language
Mbugwe or Mbuwe (Kimbugwe) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Mbugwe people of Lake Manyara in the Manyara Region of Tanzania.
Mbugwe
Mbugwe language
Manda (India)
Mahongwe
Mocho’ or Mototzintlec is a language belonging to the western branch of Mayan languages spoken in the Mexican state of Chiapas. The two dialects of Mocho' are spoken in two different villages: the Tuzantec dialect in Tuzantán and the Motozintlec dialect in Motozintla.
Língua mochó
Mocho
Mocho’ language
Mbugu, or Ma’a, is a mixed language of Tanzania.
Mbugu
Mbugu language
Mah Meri, also known as Besisi and Betise’, is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language spoken in Malaya. It is the only such language spoken on the coast, in Malacca outside of the capital Kuala Lumpur. The small number of speakers is increasing.
Besisi
Mah Meri
Mah Meri language
Mamaa
Margu
Marrgu language
Maskoy Pidgin
The Madi language (pronounced ) is found in Uganda and South Sudan. (The apostrophe before the letter d denotes it as an implosive). The Madi people refer to their language as Madi ti literally: Ma'di mouth.
Ma'di
Ma'di language
Sarasira
Moghol (also known as Mogholi [ISO 639-3]) is a Mongolic language spoken in the region of Herat, Afghanistan, by a few members of the Hazara community. In the 1970s, when the German scholar Michael Weiers did fieldwork on the language, few people spoke the language, most knew it passively and most were older than 40 years.
Moghol
Mogholi
Moghol language
Yapese is a language spoken by the people on the island of Yap (Federated States of Micronesia).
Yapese
Yapesisch
Yap
yapese
yapés
Yapesische Sprache
Lingua yapese
Língua yap
Yapese language
yapois
The Ngaka language, Mungaka, also Bali, is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Mungaka
Nga'ka language
Mauwake (Mawake) is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Mauwake
Mauwake language
Makhuwa-Moniga
Mócheno is an Upper German variety spoken in three towns of the Mocheni Valley (German: Fersental, Italian: Valle del Fersina, Mócheno: Bersntol), in Trentino, northeastern Italy.
Fersentalerisch
Lingua mochena
Língua mochena
Mochène
Mócheno
Mócheno language
Mashi (Zambia)
Balinese Malay
Malay, Balinese
Mandan is an endangered Siouan language.
Mandan
Mandan language
Meadow Mari or Eastern Mari is a standardized dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in the European part of the Russian Federation. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the Mariy El Autonomous Republic of the Russian Federation.
Eastern Mari
Mari, Eastern
Meadow Mari language
Buru (Indonesia)
Mandahuaca (Mandawaka) is an Arawakan language of Venezuela and formerly of Brazil. The number of speakers is not known; the most recent data was published in 1975. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré.
Mandahuaca
Mandawaca language
Digaro, also Taraon or Darang, is a small Tibeto-Burman language of India.
Darang Deng
Deng, Darang
Digaro Mishmi language
Digaro-Mishmi
Mbukushu or Thimbukushu is a Bantu language spoken by 45,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language; in Botswana; in Angola; and in Zambia, where it is an official regional language. It appears to be an divergent lineage of Bantu.
Mbukushu
Mbukushu language
Lhao Vo, is a Burmish language of Burma with a few thousand speakers in China.
Maru
Lhaovo
Maru language
Maanyan or Maanjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is closely related to Malagasy languages spoken in Madagascar. There is high lexical similarity with other East Barito languages like Paku language (77%) or Dusun Witu (75%).
Ma'anyan
Ma'anyan language
Mor is a tonal Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages.
Mor
Mor (Mor Islands)
Mor language
The Miami-Illinois language (Miami-Illinois: Myaamia ) is a Native American Algonquian language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, western Ohio and adjacent areas along the Mississippi River by the tribes of the Inoca or Illinois Confederacy, including the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Cahokia, and Mitchigamea. Since the 1990s the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma has worked to revive it in a joint project with Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
Língua Miami-Illinois
Miami
Miami-illinois
Miami-Illinois language
Atatláhuca Mixtec
Mixtec, Atatláhuca
The Mikmaq language (spelled Micmac in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw or Mìgmao in Mikmaq) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Mikmaq in Canada and the United States out of a total ethnic Mikmaq population of roughly 20,000. The word Mikmaq is a plural word meaning my friends (singular Míkm ); the adjectival form is Míkmaw. The languages native name is Lnuismk, Míkmawísimk or Míkmwei (in some dialects).
Micmac
Micmac-Sprache
micmac
miquemaque
Mi'kmaq
Mi'kmaq language
Míkmaq language
mi'kmaq
Mandaic
Ocotepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Ocotepec
Mofu-Gudur is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Dimeo, Gudur, Massagal, Mokong, Njeleng, and Zidim.
Mofu-Gudur
Mofu-Gudur language
San Miguel El Grande Mixtec
Mixtec, San Miguel El Grande
Chayuco Mixtec
Mixtec, Chayuco
Chigmecatitlán Mixtec
Mixtec, Chigmecatitlán
Abar is a Bantoid language of Cameroon. It is traditionally classified as a Western Beboid language, but that has not been demonstrated to be a valid family.
Abar
Abar language
Mungbam
Yaqui (or Hiaki), locally known as Yoeme or Yoem Noki, is a Native American language of the Uto-Aztecan family. It is spoken by about 15,000 people, mostly of the border Yaqui people, in the region around the Mexican state of Sonora, and Arizona in the United States.
Yaqui
Idioma yaqui
Língua yaqui
Yaqui language
The Mikasuki language (also Miccosukee or Hitchiti-Mikasuki) is a Muskogean language spoken by around 500 people in southern Florida. It is spoken by the Miccosukee tribe as well as many Florida Seminoles. The now-extinct Hitchiti language was mutually intelligible with Mikasuki.
Hitchiti-Mikasuki-Sprache
Idioma hitchiti-mikasuki
Língua mikazuki
Mikasuki
Mikasuki language
Peñoles Mixtec
Mixtec, Peñoles
Alacatlatzala Mixtec
Mixtec, Alacatlatzala
The Minangkabau language (autonym: Baso Minang(kabau); ) is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, the western part of Riau, South Aceh Regency, the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi, also in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau, who often trade or have a restaurant. The language is also a lingua franca along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra, and is even used in parts of Aceh, where the language is called Aneuk Jamee. It is also spoken in some parts of Malaysia, especially Negeri Sembilan.
Minangkabau
Minangkabau-Sprache
menangkabau
minangkabau
Minangkabau language
Minangkabauische Sprache
Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec
Mixtec, Pinotepa Nacional
Apasco-Apoala Mixtec
Mixtec, Apasco-Apoala
Miskito (Mískitu in the Miskito language) is a Misumalpan language spoken by the Miskito people in northeastern Nicaragua, especially in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region, and in eastern Honduras.
Idioma mísquito
Miskito
Mískito
Miskito language
Isthmus Mixe
Mixe, Isthmus
Andere Sprache
Uncoded languages
idiomas diversos
langue diverse
lenguas varias
lingue diverse
Miscellaneous Language
langues non codées
Southern Puebla Mixtec
Mixtec, Southern Puebla
Cacaloxtepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Cacaloxtepec
Akoye
Mixtepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Mixtepec
Ayutla Mixtec
Mixtec, Ayutla
Yabarana is a Carib language that was spoken by 20 to 50 people in 1977 in Venezuela. It is nearly extinct.
Idioma yabarana
Yabarana
Yabarana language
Coatzospan Mixtec
Mixtec, Coatzospan
San Juan Colorado Mixtec
Mixtec, San Juan Colorado
The Konkow language (also called Northwestern Maidu — or Koyoomkawi, in the language itself) is a part of the Maiduan language group. The word koyoo means, "meadow", with the additional m being the adjective form of the word. Koyoo+ [m, adj.] kawi + [m, adj.] Maa [tribe].' It is spoken in California and is a severely endangered language, as only two or three persons remain who speak it as a first language are still living. As part of an effort to regain official recognition of one of the Konkow groups as an officially recognized tribe from the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, an effort to provide language instruction amongst the descendants of the original tribe and affiliated family members has begun.
Konkow
Konkow language
Maidu, Northwest
Northwest Maidu
Muskum (Muzgum) is an extinct Chadic (Biu–Mandara) language of Chad. Speakers have shifted to Musgu. One speaker remained in 1976.
Muskum
Muskum language
The Monguor language (; also written Mongour and Mongor) is a Mongolic language of its Shirongolic branch and part of the Gansu-Qinghai-Sprachbund. There are several dialects, mostly spoken by the Monguor people. A written script was devised for Huzhu Monguor (Mongghul) in the late 20th century, but has been little used. A division into two languages, namely Mongghul in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County and Mangghuer in Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County, is considered necessary by some scientists. While Mongghul was under strong influence from Tibetan, the same holds for Mangghuer and Chinese.
Mangghuer
Monguor
Monguor language
Mwera Nyasa is a poorly attested Bantu language of Tanzania.
Mwera
Mwera (Nyasa)
Mwera (Nyasa) language
Kim Mun language (金门方言) is a Hmong–Mien language spoken by some of the Yao people in the provinces of Guangxi, Hunan and Hainan.
Kim Mun
Kim Mun language
Mawak
Matukar is an Austronesian language spoken by about 400 people near Madang town, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is universally spoken by its ethnic group.
Matukar
Matukar language
Mandeali
Medebur
Ma (Papua New Guinea)
The Gunu language (Nu Gunu or Nugunu) is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.
Nugunu
Gunu language
Nugunu (Cameroon)
Malankuravan
Malapandaram
Malaryan
Malavedan
Miship is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Doka is a dialect.
Miship
Miship language
The Sauria Paharia (Devnagri: सौरिया पहाड़िया) language is spoken in the Bihar and West Bengal states of India, and some pockets of Bangladesh. Most of the speakers are in India with around 110,000. There are about 7,000 speakers in Bangladesh.
Malto
Sauria Paharia
Sauria paharia
Sauria Paharia language
Manna-Dora
Mannan
The Karbí language, also known as Mikir or Arleng, is spoken by the Karbi people of Assam. It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, but its position is unclear. Shafer (1974) and Bradley (1997) classify the Mikir languages as an aberrant Kukish branch, but Thurgood (2003) leaves them unclassified within Tibeto-Burman.
Karbi
Karbi language
Mahali
Mahican (also known as Mohican) is an extinct language of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family, itself a member of the Algic language family.
Língua moicana
Mahican
Mohican
Mahican language
Majhi
Mbre, also spelled Bre, Bεrε, Pre, is an endangered language spoken not far from the city of Bouaké, Ivory Coast. It had 200 speakers out of an ethnic population of 700 in the year 2000, in two villages, down from 15 villages some years earlier. Speakers are shifting to the neighboring Manding language Koro, and the language has large numbers of Manding loan words.
Mbre
Mbre language
Yambeta
Mal Paharia, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60,000 of 111,000 ethnic Mal Paharia in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in India and possibly in Bangladesh. There is a positive attitude amongst speakers of the language, and the language health is considered vigorous. Nonetheless, some speakers have shifted to Bengali.
Mal Paharia
Mal Paharia language
Siliput
Macedonian (, makedonski jazik, ) is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora. It is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia and holds the status of official minority language in parts of Albania, Romania and Serbia.
Macedonian
Macédonien
Mazedonisch
macedone
macedonio
macedônio
Idioma macedonio
Lingua macedone
Língua macedônia
Macedonian language
Mazedonische Sprache
macedónio
macédonien
Mawchi
Miya is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Miya
Miya language
The Mak language (; autonym: ʔai3 ma:k8) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. It is spoken mainly in the four townships of Yangfeng, Fangcun, Jialian, and Diwo in Jialiang District, Libo County. Mak speakers can also be found in Dushan County. Mak is spoken alongside Ai-Cham and Buyei.
Mak
Mak (China)
Mak language
Dhatki, also known as Dhati or Thari, is one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is most closely related to Marwari.
Dhatki
Dhatki language
The Hodï (Jotí, Hoti) language, also known as Yuwana (Yoana), Waruwaru, or Chikano (Chicano), is a small unclassified language of Venezuela. Almost nothing is known of it; its several hundred speakers are monolingual hunter-gatherers.
Idioma hoti
Yuwana
Hodï language
Mokilese or Mwoakilloan is a Micronesian language originally spoken on Mokil Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia. Of the 1200 Mokilese speakers, only about 500 live on Mokil.
Mokil
Mokilese
Mokilese language
Byep
Mokole (or Mokollé, Mokwale, Monkole, Féri) is a Yoruba language spoken in the villages surrounding the town of Kandi in Benin. It's the northernmost variety of Yoruba.
Mokole
Mokole language
Moklen is an Austronesian language of coastal Thailand. Like its relative Moken, it has been strongly influenced by Mon–Khmer languages.
Moklen
Moklen language
Kupang Malay
Malay, Kupang
Mingang Doso (Məŋgáŋ Dosó) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Mingang Doso
Mingang Doso language
Moikodi
Bay Miwok
Miwok, Bay
Malas
Silacayoapan Mixtec
Mixtec, Silacayoapan
Vamale
Konyanka Maninka
Maninka, Konyanka
Yangben
yangben
Mavea (also known as Mav̋ea or Mafea) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Mavea in Vanuatu, off the eastern coast of Espiritu Santo. It belongs to the North–Central Vanuatu linkage of Southern Oceanic. The total population of the island is approximately 172, with only 34 fluent speakers of the Mavea language remaining as of 2008.
Mafea
Mavea
Mavea language
Kituba (Congo)
Kinamigin, also Cinamiguin, Kamigin, or Quinamiguin is a Manobo language spoken on the island of Camiguin in the Philippines. It is declining as most inhabitants have shifted to Cebuano.
Kinamiging Manobo
Kinamigin language
Manobo, Kinamiging
Taba (also known as East Makian or Makian Dalam) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the South Halmahera – West New Guinea group. It is spoken mostly on the islands of Makian, Kayoa and southern Halmahera in North Maluku province of Indonesia by about 20,000 people.
East Makian
Taba
Makian, East
Taba language
Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 70,000 people on the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. It is the most populous Papuan language in Timor and neighboring islands.
Idioma makasae
Macassai
Makasae
Makasae language
Tamambo is an Oceanic language spoken by at least 3,000 people on Malo and nearby islands in Vanuatu.
Malo
Tamambo
Tamambo language
The Mbule language, also called Dumbule or Mbola, is an endangered southern Bantoid language spoken by a few people in central Cameroon.
Mbule
Mbule language
Caolan, sometimes Man Cao Lan, is a Tai language of northern Vietnam. It is spoken by the San Chay people, who are also known as the Cao Lan. According to Pittayaporn (2009), it is closest to the Zhuang varieties of Chongzuo 崇左 and Shangsi 上思 across the border in China, both of which are lumped under the apparently polyphyletic Yongnan Zhuang by Ethnologue. Together, Caolan, Chongzuo, and Shangsi form a primary branch of the Tai languages.
Cao Lan
Caolan language
Malakhel
Manambu is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
Manambu
Manambu language
Kaskian (Kaskean) was a non-Indo-European language of the Kaskians of northeastern Bronze Age Anatolia, in the mountains along the Black Sea coast.
Kaskean
Kaskian language
Mal
Yawalapití
Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, a member of the Austronesian family of languages. Most people in Madagascar speak it as a first language as do some people of Malagasy descent elsewhere.
Malagasy
Malgache
malgache
malgascio
malgaxe
Idioma malgache
Lingua malgascia
Língua malgaxe
Malagassi-Sprache
Malagasy language
Mape is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Mape, Fukac, Naga, Nigac; the latter two may be extinct.
Mape
Mape language
Malimpung
Miltu (also known as Miltou) is an endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwestern Chad. Speakers are shifting to Bagirmi
Miltu
Miltu language
Ilwana (Kiwilwana), or Malakote, is a minor Bantu language of Kenya.
Ilwana
Ilwana language
Kiwilwana
Malua Bay
The Mulam language is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Luocheng County, Hechi, northern Guangxi by the Mulao people. The greatest concentrations are in Dongmen and Siba communes. Their autonym is mu6 lam1. The Mulam also call themselves kjam1, which is probably cognate with lam1 and the Dong people's autonym "Kam" (Wang & Zheng 1980).
Mulam
Mulam language
The Yauma dialect is spoken in Angola and Zambia in the Kwando River area. The Ethnologue gives its family as "unclassified", an apparent error, as it notes that Yauma is "part of the Ngangela subgroup" of the Chokwe–Luchazi (K.10) Bantu languages. (It may be unclassified within that group.) describes it as a variety of Mbunda, also a K.10 Bantu language, citing Maniacky 1997.
Yauma
Yauma dialect
Malango
The Mlomp language, also known as Gulompaay, is spoken in Senegal. It belongs to the Bak branch of the Niger–Congo language family, and is closely related to the Karon language.
Mlomp
Mlomp language
Bargam is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, mainly by adults.
Bargam
Bargam language
Western Maninkakan
Maninkakan, Western
Vame is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Demwa, Hurza, Mayo-Plata, Mberem, and Ndreme.
Vame
Vame language
Masalit
Maltese (Malti) is the national language of Malta, and a co-official language of the country alongside English, while also serving as an official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished. Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic (the Arabic dialect that developed in Malta and Sicily between the ninth and the fourteenth centuries). and the first known Maltese dictionary was written by the French Knight Francois de Vion Thezan Court in 1640. It includes notes about Maltese grammar and a concluding section detailing, in Italian and Maltese, phrases to be used when giving orders to soldiers. Facsimiles of the work are currently published.
Maltais
Maltese
Maltesisch
maltese
maltés
maltês
Idioma maltés
Lingua maltese
Língua maltesa
Maltese language
Maltesische Sprache
maltais
To'abaita
Mwotlap (pronounced ; formerly known as Motlav) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,100 people, on the island of Mota Lava (or Motalava), in the Banks Islands, in the northern part of Vanuatu.
Motlav
Mwotlap
Mwotlap language
Moloko is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Moloko
Moloko language
Naha'ai
Malfaxal
Malaynon
The Gwune language, also known as Agwagwune, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria. It is a dialect cluster named after its prestige variety; others are Abayongo, Abini, Dim, Orum, Erei, Etono.
Agwagwune
Gwune language
Mama is one of the Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria. The number of speakers is not known; a figure of 20,000 was published in 1973.
Mama
Mama language
Momina is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Momina
Momina language
Michoacán Mazahua
Mazahua, Michoacán
The Maonan language is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi, northern Guangxi by the Maonan people.
Maonan
Maonan language
Mae
Mundat is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria in the Mundat village of Bokkos LGA.
Mundat
Mundat language
North Ambrym
Ambrym, North
Mehináku (Meinaku) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. It is "somewhat intelligible" with Waurá (Ethnologue 2009).
Mehináku
Mehinaku language
Musar
Majhwar
Mukha-Dora
Man Met
Loko, or Lokaa, is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Lokaa
Maii
The Mamanwa language is a Central Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao in Mindanao, Philippines. It had about 5,000 speakers as of 1990.
Mamanwa
Mamanwa language
Mangga Buang
Buang, Mangga
Siawi (also known as Musian, Musa) is an Amto–Musan language. It is spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea in the Amanab and Rocky Peak Districts, south of the Upper Sepik River, toward the headwaters of the Left May River on the Samaia River east of Amto.
Siawi
Siawi language
Musak
Western Xiangxi Miao
Miao, Western Xiangxi
Malalamai
Mmaala
Miriti is an extinct Tucanoan language of Brazil.
Miriti
Miriti language
Emae
Madak
Yala
Migaama (also known as Migama, Jongor, Djonkor, Dionkor, Dyongor, Djonkor About Telfane) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Migaama
Migaama language
Mabaale
Mbula (also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 2,500 people on Umboi Island and Sakar Island in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. Its basic word order is subject–verb–object; it has a nominative–accusative case-marking strategy.
Mbula
Mbula language
Muna
Manchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus. Although the Xibe language, with 40,000 speakers, is in almost every respect identical to Manchu, Xibe speakers, who live in far western Xinjiang, are ethnically distinct from Manchus.
Manchu
Mandchou
Mandschurisch
manchu
manchú
Idioma manchú
Lingua mancese
Língua manchu
Manchu language
Mandschurische Sprache
mandchou
Mondé
Naba is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by 232,000 people in Chad. Those who speak this language are called Lisi, a collective name for three closely associated ethnic groups, the Bilala, the Kuka and the Medogo, that represent the three dialects in which Naba is subdivided. They live mainly in the Batha Prefecture, but the Kuka are also in Chari-Baguirmi. Ethnologue estimates the lexical similarity among the three dialects to be no less than 99%. Arabic is often known as a second language.
Naba
Naba language
Yɛmba is a major Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Yemba
yemba
yémba
Yemba language
Mundani is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.
Mundani
Mundani language
Eastern Mnong
Mnong, Eastern
Mono is a language spoken by about 65,000 people in the northwestern corner of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the Banda languages, a subbranch of the Ubangian branch of the Niger–Congo languages. It has five dialects: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, and Kaga.
Mono
Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Mono language
Meitei-lon (মৈতৈলোন্ ), also Meitei-lol (মৈতৈলোল্ ) and Manipuri (মণিপুরি ) (and sometimes, the 19th century British term, Meithei (মৈথৈ ), which is the name of the people, not of the language), is the predominant language and lingua franca in the southeastern Himalayan state of Manipur, in northeastern India. It is the official language in government offices. Meitei-lon is also spoken in the Indian states of Assam and Tripura, and in Bangladesh and Burma (now Myanmar).
Manipuri
Meitei
manipuri
Idioma meitei
Lingua manipuri
Língua manipuri
Meitei language
Meithei-Sprache
The Munji language, also Munjani language, is a Pamir language spoken in Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. It is similar to the Yidgha language which is spoken in the Upper Lutkuh Valley of Chitral, west of Garam Chishma in Pakistan.
Munji
Munji language
The Mandinka language (Mandinka kango) is a Mandé language spoken by millions of Mandinka people in Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea-Bissau and Chad; it is the main language of The Gambia. It belongs to the Manding branch of Mandé, and is thus fairly similar to Bambara and Maninka or Malinké. In a majority of areas, it is tonal language with two tones: low and high, although the particular variety spoken in The Gambia and Senegal is non-tonal and uses a pitch accent.
Lingua mandinka
Língua mandinga
Mandinka
Mandinka language
Tiale
Mapena
Southern Mnong
Mnong, Southern
The Min-Bei language, or Northern Min is a collection of dialects of Min spoken in Nanping Prefecture of northwestern Fujian which, apart from Shao-Jiang Min, are mutually intelligible.
Min Bei
Minbei
Chinese, Min Bei
Min Bei Chinese
Menriq (Minriq) is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Minriq
Minriq language
Mono is a Native American language of the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people. Mono consists of two dialects, Eastern and Western. The name "Monachi" is commonly used in reference to Western Mono and "Owens Valley Paiute" in reference to Eastern Mono.
Idioma mono
Mono (USA)
The Mansi language (also Vogul, although this is obsolete, and "Maansi") is a language of the Mansi people. It is spoken in territories of Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, including the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Sverdlovsk Oblast. According to the 1989 census, there were 3,184 Mansi-speaking people in Russia.
Idioma mansi
Lingua vogula
Língua mansi
Mansi
Mansische Sprache
Mansi language
Maykulan
Mer (also called Muri, Miere) is a Papuan language spoken in Papua province of Indonesia.
Mer
Mer language
Rennell-Bellona, or Rennellese, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands. A dictionary has been published in the language. It is a Polynesian outlier language.
Rennell-Bellona
Rennellese language
The Mon language (; ) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon, who live in Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand. Mon, like the related language Cambodian—but unlike most languages in Mainland Southeast Asia—is not tonal. Mon is spoken by more than a million people today. In recent years, usage of Mon has declined rapidly, especially among the younger generation.
Idioma mon
Mon
Môn
Mon language
Western Yugur and Eastern Yugur are terms coined by Chinese linguists to distinguish between the Turkic and Mongolic Yugur language, both spoken within the Yugur nationality. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the endonym of the Yugur.
West Yugur
West-Yugurisch
Yugur occidental
Western Yugur language
Yugur, West
Mantion (Manikion), also known as Sougb or Sogh, is a language of the East Birds Head language family spoken in East Birds Head, east of Meyah, south of Manokwari. It consists of four dialects and is spoken by around 12,000 people in all.
Manikion
Mantion language
Manyawa
Moni, also Djonggunu~Jonggunu or Migani, is a Papuan language spoken by about 20,000 people in the Paniai lakes region of the Indonesian province of Papua. Awembak (Awembiak) is a dialect.
Moni
Moni language
Mwan (Mwa, Mouan, Muan, Muana, Mona) is a Mande language of Ivory Coast.
Mwan
Mwan language
The Mocoví language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 4,500 people mostly in Santa Fé province.
Mocoví
Mocoví language
Mobilian Jargon (also Mobilian trade language, Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw–Choctaw trade language, Yamá) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region. The name refers to the Mobile Indians of the central Gulf Coast.
Mobilian
Mobilian Jargon
Innu-aimun or Montagnais is an Algonquian language spoken by over 11,000 people, called the Innu, in Labrador and Quebec in Eastern Canada. It is a member of the Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi dialect continuum and is spoken in various dialects depending on the community.
Innu-aimun
Montagnais
Innu language
The Bolaang Mongondow language (also called simply Mongondow) is a Philippine language spoken in the district (Kabupaten) of Bolaang Mongondow in North Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.
Mongondow
Bolaang Mongondow language
Mohawk is an Iroquoian language spoken by around 3,000 people of the Mohawk nation in the United States (mainly western and northern New York) and Canada (southern Ontario and Quebec). Mohawk has the largest number of speakers of the Northern Iroquoian languages; today it is the only one with greater than a thousand remaining. At Akwesasne, residents have begun a language immersion school (pre-K to grade 8) in to revive the language. With their children learning it, parents and other family members are taking language classes, too.
Mohawk
mohawk
Lengua mohawk
Mohawk language
Mohawk-Sprache
Mboi (Mboire, Mboyi) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. Its name is that of one of its dialects, the other two being Banga and Handa. These are rather divergent, and might be considered distinct languages.
Mboi
Mboi language
Monzombo
Morori (Marori, Moaraeri, Moraori, Morari) is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Morori
Morori language
Chorotega, also known as Mangue, was a language indigenous people of Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The ethnic population number around 10,000. The Chorotega language, which was a member of the Manguean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family, is now extinct. Chorotega-speaking peoples included the Mangue and Monimbo; dialects were Chorotega proper, Diria, Nagrandan, Nicoya, Orisi, and Orotiña.
Chorotega
Idioma chorotega
Mangue
Chorotega language
The Mongolic languages are a group of languages spoken in East-Central Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas plus in Kalmykia. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongolian residents of Inner Mongolia, China with an estimated 5.2 million speakers. Mongolic is sometimes grouped with Turkic, Tungusic and possibly Korean and Japonic as part of the larger Altaic family.
Mongolian
Mongolisch
mongol
mongolo
Langues mongoles
Lenguas mongólicas
Lingue mongoliche
Línguas mongólicas
Mongolian language
Mongolian languages
Mongolic language
Mongolic languages
Mongolische Sprachen
langue mongoles
mongoles, langues
Código ISO 639-5
ISO 639-5 code
Yakkha (also erroneously spelled as Yakha) is a language spoken in parts of Nepal, Darjeeling district and Sikkim. The Yakkha-speaking villages are located to the East of the Arun river, in the southern part of the Sankhuwasabha district and in the northern part of the Dhankuta district of Nepal. About 14,000 people still speak the language, out of 17,003 ethnic Yakkha in Nepal. Genealogically, Yakkha belongs to the Eastern Kiranti languages and is in one subgroup with several Rai languages, e.g. Belhare, Athpare, Chintang and Chulung (Chɨlɨng). Ethnically however, the Yakkha people perceive themselves as distinct from the other Kiranti groups such as Limbu and Rai. Yakkha has no own script, but recently published materials use a slightly adjusted Devanagari script.
Yakha
Yakkha language
Monom
Mopan is a language that belongs to the Yucatecan branch of the Mayan languages. It is spoken by the Mopan people. It is spoken in Belize and Guatemala.
Idioma mopán
Língua mopan
Maya mopan
Mopan-Sprache
Mopán Maya
Mopan Maya language
Mor is a nearly extinct Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)
Moro is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Moro
Moro language
The Mossi language, Mòoré (also Mooré, Moré, Moshi, Moore or More) is one of two official regional languages of Burkina Faso, closely related and mutually intelligible with the Dagbani language spoken in northern Ghana. It is the language of the Mossi people, spoken by approximately 5 million people in Burkina, plus another 60,000+ in Mali and Togo.
Moré
Mossi
Mòoré
mossi
Idioma mossi
Lingua more
Língua more
Mossi language
Mossi-Sprache
moré
Barí is a Chibchan language spoken in Northwestern South America by the Baris (Motilones). Motilones are sometimes called "dobocubi", but this is a pejorative term.
Barí
Idioma barí
Barí language
Mogum (also known as Mogoum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.
Mogum
Mogum language
Mojave (also Mohave) is the native language of the Mohave people along the Colorado River in eastern California, northwestern Arizona, and southwestern Nevada. Approximately 70% of the speakers reside in Arizona, while approximately 30% reside in California.
Mohave
Mojave
Mojave language
Moi
Moi (Congo)
Molima
Shekkacho (also Mocha, Shakacho, Shekka) is an Afro-Asiatic Omotic language, spoken in the north Kafa region of southwest Ethiopia, in the Maasha area. It is closely related to Kafa.
Shekkacho
Shekkacho language
Yamphu is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Yamphu Rai, a Kiranti people of the Himalayas of Nepal. Tomyang (Chongka) is a dialect.
Yamphu
Yamphu language
Mukulu (also known as Gergiko, Guerguiko, Mokulu, Mokoulou, Djonkor Guera, Dyongor Guera, Diongor Guera, Jonkor-Gera, Mokilko) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. The local name for the language is Gergiko (or Geurguiko in the French orthography). This is the name used for mother-tongue literacy materials. Mukulu is the name of a village.
Mukulu
Gergiko
Mukulu language
Mpoto is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Mpoto
Mpoto language
Malak-Malak (also spelt Mullukmulluk, Malagmalag) or Ngolokwangga (Ngolak-Wonga, Ngolok-Wanggar, Nguluwongga) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is nearly extinct, with children growing up speaking Kriol instead.
Mullukmulluk
Malak-Malak language
Mangarayi (Manggarrai, Mungerry, Ngarrabadji) is an Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory.
Mangarayi
Mangarayi language
Machinere
The Majang language is spoken by the Majangir of Ethiopia. Although it is a member of the Surmic cluster, this language is the most isolated one in that cluster (Fleming 1983). A language survey has shown that dialect variation from north to south is minor and does not seriously impede communication. The 2007 Ethiopian Census lists 6,433 speakers for Majang (Messengo), but also reports that the ethnic group consists of 32,822 individuals (Messengo and Mejengir). According to the census, almost no speakers can be found in Mezhenger Zone of Gambela Region; a total of eleven speakers are listed for the zone, but almost 10,000 ethnic Mejenger or Messengo people.
Majang
Majangir
Majang language
Marba is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad.
Marba
Marba language
Maung (Mawung, Mawng) Australian language is the language of the Goulburn Islands, off the north coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory of Australia. Maung is closely related to Iwaidja language which occupies the northwestern corner of the opposite mainland. This is a language that belongs to the Iwaidjan language family of Non-Pama–Nyungan languages. As of 1983, there were 200 speakers of the language.( )
Maung
Maung language
√ Mpade is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects are Bodo, Digam, Mpade, Shoe, and Woulki.
Mpade
Mpade language
Martu Wangka
Mbara is an endangered Chadic (Biu–Mandara) language of Chad.
Mbara
Mbara (Chad)
Mbara language
Hasha Yashi is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It has an idiosyncratic system of reduplicating the first syllable of noun stems, apparently under the influence of the Chadic language Sha.
Hasha
Hasha language
Middle Watut
Watut, Middle
Yosondúa Mixtec
Mixtec, Yosondúa
Mindiri is an Austronesian language spoken by about 80 people in one village on the Rai Coast, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Mindiri
Mindiri language
Miu is an Austronesian language spoken by about 500 tropical forest agriculturists in the Gimi Rauto District of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Miu
Miu language
Migabac
Matís
Vangunu is an Oceanic language spoken by about 900 people on Vangunu Island, Solomon Islands. Speakers of Vangunu also use the closely related Marovo.
Vangunu
Vangunu language
Dadibi (also Daribi or Karimui) is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Dadibi
Dadibi language
Mian is an Ok language spoken in the Telefomin district of the Sandaun province in Papua New Guinea by the Mian people. It has some 3,500 speakers spread across two dialects: West Mian with approximately 1,000 speakers in around Yapsiei and East Mian with approximately 2,500 speakers in and around Timeilmin, Temsakmin, Sokamin, Gubil, Fiak and Hotmin. Phonologically, Mian is very similar to other Papuan languages in the size of its phoneme inventory, but it nevertheless has some peculiarities, such as its contrast between a plain [a] and a pharyngealized [aˤ]. It is also a tonal language.
Mian
Mian language
Makurap (Macurapi) is a Tupian language of Brazil.
Makuráp
Makurap language
Mungkip
Bokha
Mapidian (Maopidyán) is a moribund Arawakan language of Brazil and formerly of Guyana.
Mapidian
Mapidian language
Misima-Paneati, also called Misiman, is an indigenous Austronesian language spoken on the islands of Misima, Panaieti, and the islands of the eastern half of the Calvados Chain of Papua New Guinea.
Misima-Panaeati
Misima-Paneati language
Mapia
Mpi is a Loloish language of Thailand. The number of speakers is in decline.
Mpi
Mpi language
Maba (Indonesia)
Mbuko is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the canton of Doulek, Méri subdivision, department of Diamaré, and also in parts of the canton of Serawa, Tokombéré subdivision, department of Mayo-Sava, in the Far North Region of Cameroon.
Mbuko
Mbuko language
Zambian Sign Language is a sign language used by the Deaf community in Zambia. It is not clear how many Zambians use Zambian Sign Language, although it is taught in some special schools and interpreters appear on some television programmes. The Association of Sign Language Interpreters of Zambia (ASLIZ) is involved in promoting greater support for and recognition of Zambian Sign Language in schools, in the government and in entertainment media such as television.
Zambian Sign Language
Mangole
Yukuben
Matepi
Momuna, also known as Somahai (Somage, Sumohai), is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Momuna
Momuna language
Kota Bangun Kutai Malay
Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai
Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Tlazoyaltepec
Mariri
Mamasa
Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo
Manobo, Rajah Kabunsuwan
Yaben
Mbelime, or Niende, is a Gur language of Benin.
Mbelime
Mbelime language
South Marquesan
Marquesan, South
Modole
Manipa
Minokok
Mander
Yabaâna (Yabaána) is an extinct Arawakan language of Brazil.
Yabaâna
Yabaâna language
West Makian is the most divergent of the Papuan languages of Halmahera. It is spoken on the coast near Makian Island, and on the western half of that island. It has been strongly influenced by an Austronesian language or languages, and was once classified as Austronesian, as the East Makian language (Taba) still is.
West Makian
Makian, West
West Makian language
Mok
Mundari is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Mundari people of South Sudan.
Mandari
Mandari dialect
Mosimo
Murupi
Mamuju is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has no written form.
Mamuju
Mamuju language
The Manggarainese language (Manggarainese: tombo Manggarai, Indonesian: bahasa Manggarai) is the language of the Manggarainese people from the western parts of the island of Flores, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. In addition, there are also some pockets of Manggarainese speakers in the village of Manggarai in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It is the native language of more than 730,000 people, based on statistical data reported by Central Agency on Statistics (BPS) in 2009 for the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data include statistics for the population of the Regency of “Greater Manggarai” on Flores island, which consists of three districts: Manggarai district, West Manggarai district, and East Manggarai district. The Manggarainese language is part of the Austronesian family, and is therefore related to Indonesian and other Malay varieties. Most speakers of Manggarainese also speak Indonesian for official and commercial purposes and to communicate with non-Manggarainese Indonesians.
Manggarai
Manggarainese language
Malasanga or Pano is an Austronesian language spoken by about 900 individuals in two villages on the north coast of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Pano
Malasanga language
Mlabri is a language spoken by the Mlabri people in the border area between Thailand and Laos.
Mlabri
Mlabri language
Marino
The Maricopa language is spoken by the Native American Maricopa tribe, on two reservations in Arizona: the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and the Gila River Indian Community.
Maricopa
Maricopa language
Yabong
Western Magar
Magar, Western
Marthas Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) is a sign language once widely used on the island of Marthas Vineyard off the coast of Massachusetts, U.S., from the early 18th century to the year 1952. It was remarkable for its use by both deaf and hearing people in the community; consequently, deafness did not become a barrier to participation in public life. Martha's Vineyard Sign Language is also notable for the role it played in the development of American Sign Language.
Língua de Sinais de Martha's Vineyard
Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
Martha’s Vineyards Gebärdensprache
Elseng (Morwap) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 300 people in the Indonesian province of Papua. It is also known as Morwap, which means "what is it?"
Elseng
Elseng language
Mishmi
Mising
Mishing language
The Mara language is a language spoken by Mara people living in South Mizoram, India and the adjacent people living in Chin State in Burma, formerly Burma.
Mara Chin
Chin, Mara
Mara language
Māori or te reo Māori (pronounced ), commonly te reo ("the language"), is the language of the indigenous population of New Zealand, the Māori. It has the status of an official language in New Zealand. Linguists classify it within the Eastern Polynesian languages as being closely related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan and Tahitian; somewhat less closely to Hawaiian and Marquesan; and more distantly to the languages of Western Polynesia, including Samoan, Tokelauan, Niuean and Tongan. According to the Maori Language Commission, the number of fluent adult speakers fell to about 10,000 in 1995.
Maori
maori
maorí
Idioma maorí
Lingua māori
Língua maori
Maori de Nouvelle-Zélande
Maorische Sprache
Māori language
Hill Mari or Western Mari is a language spoken in the Gornomariysky, Yurinsky and Kilemarsky districts of Mari El, Russia. It is a Uralic language related to Meadow Mari. It is written using the Hill Mari Cyrillic script and is co-official with Russian and Meadow Mari in the Mari El Republic.
Mari des montagnes
Western Mari
Hill Mari language
Mari, Western
Yawiyo
Hmwaveke
Mortlockese
Mwerlap is an Oceanic language spoken in the south of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu. Its 900 speakers live mostly in Merelava and Merig, but a fair proportion have also settled the east coast of Gaua island. Besides, a number of Mwerlap speakers live in the two cities of Vanuatu, Port Vila and Luganville.
Merlav
Mwerlap
Mwerlap language
Cheke Holo
The Mru language is a part of Tibeto-Burman languages and one of the recognized languages of Bangladesh.
Mru
Mru language
Morouas
North Marquesan
Marquesan, North
Yaweyuha
Maria is a Dravidian language spoken in India by approximately 165,000 people.
Maria (India)
Maragus
Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language spoken in Nigeria. It is perhaps the best described of the Biu–Mandara branch of that family. Marghi South and Patai are closely related, and sometimes considered dialects of Margi.
Margi language
Marghi Central
Mono (Cameroon)
Mangareva, also known as the Mangarevan language, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Gambier Islands of French Polynesia by about 1600 people on the islands of Gambier and Mangareva. Speakers also have some bilingualism in Tahitian, in which there is a 50-68% lexical similarity. It is a member of the Marquesic subgroup, and as such is closely related to Hawaiian and to the languages of the Marquesas Islands.
Mangareva
Mangarevanische Sprache
Mangarévien
Mangareva language
Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the Philippines.
Maranao
Maranao language
Dineor
Maremgi
Chesu
Mandaya
Marind
Malay
malais
Malay (macrolanguage)
Masbateño is a Visayan language spoken by more than 600,000 people, primarily in the province of Masbate in the Philippines. It is close to Capiznon and Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), both spoken on Panay. It can be considered a Bisakol language, meaning a language intermediate between Visayan languages and Bicolano languages.
Masbatenyo
Masbateño
Masbateño language
Sankaran Maninka
Maninka, Sankaran
Limba (Malimba) is a Bantu language of Cameroon. It is very closely related to Duala. Speakers report some degree of mutual intelligibility with Tanga (Batanga), which they call "Old Malimba". Most speak Duala as the local lingua franca.
Limba language
Yucatec Maya Sign Language
Musey is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. There is a degree of mutual intelligibility with Masana.
Musey
Musey language
Lolopo
Mekwei (Menggwei) is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Mekwei
Mekwei language
Moraid
Masikoro Malagasy
Malagasy, Masikoro
Sabah Malay
Malay, Sabah
Ma, also known as Amadi, Madi, Madyo, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.
Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Ma language
Mansaka
Molof (Ampas, Poule) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 200 people. Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it.
Molof
Molof language
Poule
Yucuna (Jukuna) is an Arawakan language of Colombia. Extinct Guarú (Garú) was either a dialect or a closely related language.
Yucuna
Yucuna language
Agusan Manobo
Manobo, Agusan
Vurës
Mombum
Maritsauá
Caac
__NOTOC__ Mongolian Sign Language is a sign language used in Mongolia. Ethnologue estimates that there were between 10,000 to 147,000 deaf people in Mongolia ; however, it is not known how many of those are users of MSL.
Língua de Sinais da Mongólia
Mongolian Sign Language
West Masela
Masela, West
Musom
Maslam is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects are Maslam and Sao. Maslam is in rapid decline.
Maslam
Maslam language
Sua, also known as Mansoanka or Kunante, is a Mel language of Guinea-Bissau.
Mansoanka
Sua language
Moresada
Chepya
Aruamu Mikarew (Mikarup, Makarup, Makarub), also Ariawiai (Mikarew-Ariaw), is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Aruamu
Aruamu language
Momare
Cotabato Manobo is a Manobo language spoken in Mindanao, the Philippines.
Cotabato Manobo
Cotabato Manobo language
Manobo, Cotabato
Anyin Morofo
Munit
Mualang
Malaiisch
malayo
malaio
malese
Malay, Standard
Standard Malay
The Mono language is an Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands spoken by 700 people on Treasury Island (Mono proper), 2300 on Shortland Island (Alu dialect), and 14 on Fauro Island.
Mono (Solomon Islands)
Yanda
Murik Nor is a Lower Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Murik
Murik (Papua New Guinea)
Murik language
Una
Munggui
Maiwa
Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)
Meninggo, or Moskona, is a Papuan language of the north coast of Papua, Indonesia.
Moskona
Moskona language
Eastern Yiddish
Yiddish, Eastern
Mbe'
Montol is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Baltap-Lalin and Montol.
Montol
Montol language
Mator or Motor was a Uralic language belonging to the group of Samoyedic languages, extinct since the 1840s. It was spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia, close to the Mongolian north border. The speakers of Mator lived in a wide area from the eastern parts of the Minusinsk District (okrug) along the Yenisei River to the region of Lake Baikal. Three dialects of Mator were recorded: Mator proper as well as Taygi and Karagas (occasionally considered as separate languages, but their differences are few).
Idioma mator
Lingua mator
Mator
Matorische Sprache
Mator language
Matagalpa is an extinct Misumalpan language formerly spoken in the central highlands of Nicaragua. The language became extinct in the nineteenth century, and only few short wordlists remain. It was closely related to Cacaopera. The ethnic group, which numbers about 20,000 now speaks Spanish.
Idioma matagalpa
Matagalpa
Matagalpa language
Totontepec Mixe, called North Highland Mixe in Wichmann (1995), is a Mixe language spoken in Mexico, in the town of Totontepec Villa de Morelos, Oaxaca.
Totontepec Mixe
Mixe, Totontepec
Wichí Lhamtés Nocten is a Wichí language primarily spoken in Bolivia, where an estimated 1,810 Wichí people spoke it in 1994. An additional one hundred people spoke the language in Argentina in 1994. In Bolivia, the language is spoken in the north-central Tarija Department, southwest of Pilcomayo River, and in Cordillera de Pirapo. In Argentina, it is spoken in from the northern border south to Tartagal, Salta. The language is also called Mataco, Bolivian, Mataco Nocten, Nocten, Noctenes, Oktenai, and Weenhayek.
Wichí Lhamtés Nocten
The Mường language is spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam. It is in the Austroasiatic language family and closely related to Vietnamese. It is a tonal language with five tones.
Muong
Muong language
Mewari is one of the major dialects of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by about five million speakers in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts of Rajasthan state of India. It has SOV word order.
Mewari
Mewari language
Yangum Dey
The Yora language also called Yura or Yuranahua is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of Manú National Park on the Panagua River. It belongs to the Panoan language family which also counts Cashibo language, Shipibo language the languages most closely related to Yora are the Yaminahua and Sharanahua languages. According to the Ethnologue there were 350 to 400 speakers of Yora in 1998, but the language was vigorous in the communities.
Yora
Yora language
Mota is an Oceanic language spoken by about 750 people on Mota island, in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu.
Mota
Mota language
Tututepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Tututepec
Asaro'o
Southern Binukidnon
Binukidnon, Southern
Tidaá Mixtec
Mixtec, Tidaá
Nabi (Nambi), Metan, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It was assigned to the Maimai branch in Ross (2005).
Nabi
Nabi language
The Yidgha language is a Pamir language spoken in the Upper Lutkuh Valley (Tehsil Lotkuh) of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa west of Garam Chashma in Pakistan. Yidgha is similar to the Munji language spoken on the Afghan side of the border.
Yidgha
Yidgha language
Mundang is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon.
Mundang
mundang
Moundang
Mundang language
Mubi (also known as Moubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Mubi
Mubi language
Mbu’ is a Bantoid language of Cameroon. It is traditionally classified as a Western Beboid language, but that has not been demonstrated to be a valid family. Inasmuch as Western Beboid may be valid, Mbu’ would appear to be the most divergent of its languages.
Mbu'
Ajumbu
Mbu’ language
Mednyj Aleut (Also called Copper Island Creole or Copper Island Aleut) is a nearly extinct mixed language spoken on Bering Island. It is characterized by Aleut nouns and Russian verbs, each with the full inflectional complexity of the source languages. There are only 5 native speakers left.
Mednyj Aleut
Aleut, Mednyj
Medny Aleut language
Media Lengua (Spanish for "half language" or "in-between language") is a language spoken in Salcedo, about 100 km south of Quito, Ecuador, by about 1,000 people of Native American ancestry. It is usually classified as a mixed language as it combines Spanish vocabulary with a Quechua grammatical system, most conspicuously morphology. Most of its lexemes, especially almost all content words, are of Spanish origin, only adapted to Quechua phonology, while its morphology, syntax and some particles are Quechua.
Media Lengua
Musgu is a Biu–Mandara (Chadic) language of Cameroon and Chad. The endonym is Mulwi. Speakers of the extinct related language Muskum have switched to Musgu.
Musgu
Musgu language
Mündü (Mondo) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan, with a few thousand speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Mündü
Mündü language
Musi, also known as Palembang and Sekayu, is a Malay language spoken by about 1.4 million residents of the Palembang metropolitan area, Palembang being the capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia, and has about 2.5 million additional speakers in the surrounding area. In recent times, the Palembang language has become a lingua franca in South Sumatra province , although South Sumatra also has other regional languages and dialects. Palembang is highly influenced by Javanese, because the first speakers came from Demak, Central Java in 18th century.
Musi
Musi language
Mabire is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Oulek village in Chad.
Mabire
Mabire language
Mugom (Mugu, Mugum) is a Bodish language spoken by over 6,000 people in Nepal and about 500 in India.
Mugom
Mugom language
Mehrsprachig
Multiple languages
idiomas múltiplos
lenguas múltiples
multilingua
multilingue
Multiple Languages
Yoidik
Maiwala
Nyong (Daganyonga) is a Leko language spoken in two well-separated enclaves in Cameroon and Nigeria. Cameroonian speakers consider themselves to be ethnically Chamba.
Nyong
Nyong language
Malvi (Malavi, Mallow, Malwada, Malwi) is the Rajasthani language of the Malva region of India, with ten million speakers. Nimadi, spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh and in Rajasthan, is its closest relative. The dialects of Malvi are Ujjaini (Ujjain, Indore, Dewas, Shajapur, Sehore districts), Rajawadi (Ratlam, Mandsaur, Neemuch districts), Umathwadi (Rajgarh district), and Sondhwadi (Jhalawar district). Ujjaini is the prestige dialect, and the language as a whole sometimes goes by that name. About 75% of the Malvi population can converse in Hindi, which is the official language of the Madhya Pradesh state, and literacy rate in a second language such as Hindi is about 40%.There are many unpublished materials in this language.
Malvi
Malvi language
Eastern Xiangxi Miao
Miao, Eastern Xiangxi
Murle (also Ajibba, Beir, Merule, Mourle, Murele, Murule) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Murle people, spoken in the southeast of South Sudan, near the Ethiopian border. A very small number of Murle live across the border in southwestern Ethiopia.
Murle
Murle language
The Creek language, also known as Muskogee or Muscogee (Mvskoke in Creek), is a Muskogean language spoken by Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole people primarily in the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Florida.
Creek
Muskogee-Sprache
creek
Creek language
Idioma creek
Língua creek
muskogee
Western Muria
Muria, Western
Yiddish Sign Language
Yaaku (also known as Mukogodo, Mogogodo, Mukoquodo, Siegu, Yaakua, Ndorobo) is an endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Kenya. It is Cushitic, but its position within that family in unclear. Speakers are all older adults.
Yaaku
Yaaku language
Muthuvan
Bo-Ung
Muyang is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Muyang
Muyang language
Mursi (also Dama, Merdu, Meritu, Murzi, Murzu) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Mursi people, in the Central Omo region of southwest Ethiopia. It is similar to Suri, spoken in most of the immediately surrounding area.
Mursi
Mursi language
Manam is a Kairiru–Manam language spoken mainly on the volcanic Manam Island, northeast of New Guinea.
Manam
Manam language
Mattole is an extinct Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock).
Mattole
Mattole language
Ravula
Mamboru
Marwari
Marwari (Pakistan)
Peripheral Mongolian
Mongolian, Peripheral
Yucuañe Mixtec
Mixtec, Yucuañe
Mire is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjile Prefecture and Lai Prefecture. Most of the speakers, who generally practice traditional religions or Christianity, speak Ndam (65% lexical similarity) or Kimré (32% lexical similarity) as a second language.
Mulgi
Mire language
Miyako ( Myaakufutsu ) is a language spoken in the Miyako Islands, located southwest of Okinawa. The combined population of the islands is about 52,000 (as of 2011). Miyako is a Ryukyuan language, most closely related to Yaeyama. The number of competent native speakers is not known - as a consequence of Japanese language policy, reflected in the education system, people below the age of 60 tend to not use the language except in songs and rituals, and the younger generation mostly uses Japanese as their first language. Miyako is notable among the Japonic languages in that it allows non-nasal syllable-final consonants, something not found in most Japonic varieties.
Idioma miyako
Língua miyako
Miyako
Miyako-Sprache
Miyako language
Mekmek is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea.
Mekmek
Mekmek language
Yeniche
Mbara is an extinct aboriginal language of Australia. It was spoken by tribal aborigines. No district or region was recorded on Ethnologue, so it is unknown where Mbara was spoken. It could be that the language has been extinct for too long. It has certainly been many years since any aborigines spoke Mbara, and the ethnic population is unknown.
Mbara (Australia)
Munya or Muya is one of the Qiangic languages spoken in China. There are two dialects, which are not mutually intelligible. Most research on Munya has been conducted by Ikeda Takumi.
Muya
Muya language
Minaveha
Marovo is an Austronesian language of the Solomon Islands. It is spoken in the New Georgia Group on islands in Marovo Lagoon and on the neighbouring islands of New Georgia, Vangunu and Nggatokae. The usual word order in sentences is verb-subject-object.
Marovo
Marovo language
Duri
Moere
Marau
The Yimas language is spoken by the Yimas people of Papua New Guinea. It is a polysynthetic language with (somewhat) free word order. It is an ergative-absolutive language morphologically but not syntactically, although it has several other case-like relations encoded on its verbs. It has over 9 classes (genders) of nouns, and a unique number system.
Idioma yimas
Yimas
Yimas language
Massep (Masep, Potafa, Wotaf) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by under 50 people in a single village. Despite the small number of speakers, however, language use is vigorous. Donohue et al. (2002) conclude that it is definitely not a Kwerba language, as it had been classified by Wurm (1975), and they did not notice connections to any other language family. Ethnologue (2009) thus considers it a language isolate, but it has not been included in wider surveys such as Ross (2005). The pronouns are not dissimilar from those Trans–New Guinea languages, but Massep is geographically distant from that family.
Massep
Massep language
Mpotovoro
Marfa is a Maban language language of Chad.
Marfa
Marfa language
The Tagol Murut language is spoken by the Tagol (lowland) subgroup of the Murut people, and serves as the lingua franca of the whole group. It belongs to the Bornean subdivision of the Austronesian language family. Murut Tagol people can be found in Sabah and Sarawak, usually in areas around Lawas, Limbang & along the border areas shared with Brunei and Indonesia.
Tagal Murut
Murut, Tagal
Tagol Murut language
Machinga
Meoswar
Indus Kohistani
Kohistani, Indus
Mesqan (also Masqan, Meskan) is an Afro-Asiatic Ethiopian Semitic language spoken in the West Gurage region of Ethiopia.
Mesqan
Mesqan language
Mwatebu
Juwal Muniwara is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Other names are Mambe and Tumara ~ Tumaru.
Juwal
Juwal language
The Are language is an Austronesian language of the eastern Papua New Guinean mainland, It's spoken by about 1,230 people.
Are
Are language
Mudbura (Mudburra), also known as Karranga and Pinkangama, is an aboriginal language of Australia.
Mudbura
Mudbura language
Mwera is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Mwera (Chimwera)
Mwera language
Murrinh-patha (literally "language-good"), sometimes also called Garama, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by over 1,500 people, most of whom live in Wadeye in the Northern Territory, where it is the dominant language of the community. It is spoken by people of the Murrinh-Patha group, as well as several other groups whose languages are extinct or nearly so, including the Mati Ke and Marri-Djabin. Because of its role as the lingua franca in the region, It is one of few Australian Aboriginal languages whose speakers have increased over the past generation.
Murrinh-Patha
Murrinh-patha language
The Yeni language is an extinct language of Cameroon, formerly spoken around Djeni Mountain in the Nyalang area. All that remains of the language, apparently, is a song remembered by some Sandani speakers. However, according to Bruce Connell (the first linguist to report its existence, in 1995), comparison of the song's words to neighboring languages suggests that "it was closely related to [the Mambiloid languages] Cambap, Njerep, and Kasabe" .
Yeni
Yeni language
Aiklep
Mouk-Aria is an Austronesian language spoken by about 600 individuals along coastal West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Mouk-Aria
Mouk-Aria language
Ninde, or Labo (also Nide, Meaun, Mewun) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1,100 people in the Southwest Bay area of Malekula island, in Vanuatu.
Labo
Ninde
Ninde language
Maligo
Kita Maninkakan
Maninkakan, Kita
The Mirandese language (autonym: mirandés or lhéngua mirandesa; or ) is a Romance language belonging to the Astur-Leonese linguistic group, sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal, in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso. The Portuguese Parliament granted it co-official recognition (along with the Portuguese language) for local matters on 17 September 1998 with the law 7/99 of 29 January 1999.
Mirandais
Mirandese
Mirandés
mirandese
mirandés
mirandês
Idioma mirandés
Lingua mirandese
Língua mirandesa
Mirandese language
Mirandesisch
mirandais
Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.
Sar
Sar language
Mwanga, or Namwanga, is a Bantu language spoken by the Namwanga in the Northern Province of Zambia (mainly in the districts of Isoka and Nakonde) and in southwestern Tanzania. In 1993 the Namwanga population was estimated to number 256,000, with 169,000 residing in Zambia and 87,000 in Tanzania.
Nyamwanga
Mwanga language
Central Maewo
Maewo, Central
Kala Lagaw Ya (correctly Kalaw Lagaw Ya [back/west+gen place+gen speech]; several other names; see below) is a language belonging to all the western and central Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia. On some islands it has now largely been replaced by Brokan (Torres Strait Creole English). It has the highest speaker population of any indigenous language within Australian territory, with between 3000 and 4000 people speaking the language (Ethnologue) as their first language.
Kala Lagaw Ya
Mün (Mün Chin) is a Kukish language of Burma.
Mün Chin
Chin, Mün
Mün language
The Marwari language (Mārwāṛī;मारवाड़ी) , also variously Marvari, Marwadi, Marvadi), is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Marwari is also found in the neighboring state of Gujarat and Haryana and in Eastern Pakistan. With some 13.2 million speakers (as of 1997, ca.) , it is the largest language by number of speakers of the Marwari subgroup of the "Rajasthani language". There are 13 million speakers in Rajasthan and rest 200,000 in Eastern Pakistan. There about 23 dialects of the Marwari Language.
marvari
marwari
Lingua marwari
Marwari language
marwarî
Yevanic, otherwise known as Judeo-Greek, was the dialect of the Romaniotes, the group of Greek Jews whose existence in Greece is documented since the Hellenistic period. Its linguistic lineage stems from the Hellenistic Koine and includes Hebrew elements as well. It was mutually intelligible with Greek of the Christian population. The Romaniotes used Hebrew alphabet to write Greek and Yevanic texts.
Jevanische Sprache
Yevanic
Yévanique
Yevanic language
Mwimbi-Muthambi
Moken is an Austronesian Sea Gypsy language of southern Burma. Like its relative Moklen, it has been strongly influenced by Mon–Khmer languages.
Moken
Moken language
Mittu
The Mentawai language is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Mentawai-people of the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra. The dialects of the language include: – Silabu, Sipura – Simalegi, Sakalagan, Saumanganja – North Siberut, South Siberut – Taikaku – Pagai.
Mentawai
Mentawai language
Hmong Daw
Mediak
Mosiro
Moingi
Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec
Mixtec, Northwest Oaxaca
Tezoatlán Mixtec
Mixtec, Tezoatlán
Manyika
Modang
Mele-Fila
Yela
Malgbe is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects are Douguia, Dro, Malgbe, Mara, and Walia.
Malgbe
Malgbe language
Mbangala
Mvuba is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo, with a thousand speakers in Uganda. It is similar to Lese.
Mvuba
Mvuba language
Mozarabic was a continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of the Romance languages' development in Iberia. Mozarabic descends from Late Latin and early Romance dialects spoken in the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries, and was spoken until the 14th century. This set of dialects came to be called the Mozarabic language by 19th century Spanish scholars, though there was never a common standard. The word, Mozarab is a loanword from Arabic musta`rab, meaning "Arabized".
Idioma mozárabe
Langue mozarabe
Lingua mozarabica
Língua moçárabe
Mozarabic
Mozarabische Sprache
Mozarabic language
Kaman (Chinese Geman), or Miju Mishmi, is a small Tibeto-Burman language of India and slightly into China.
Geman Deng
Deng, Geman
Miju Mishmi language
Miju-Mishmi
Monumbo is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Monumbo
Monumbo language
Maxi Gbe
Gbe, Maxi
Tarok is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria.
Tarok
Tarok language
Meramera
Moi, or Mekwei, is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.
Moi (Indonesia)
Moi language
Mbowe
Tlahuitoltepec Mixe, called South Highland Mixe in Wichmann (1995), is a Mixe language spoken in Mexico.
Tlahuitoltepec Mixe
Mixe, Tlahuitoltepec
Juquila Mixe
Mixe, Juquila
Murik (Malaysia)
Huitepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Huitepec
Jamiltepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Jamiltepec
Mada is a Chadic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Mada (Cameroon)
Metlatónoc Mixtec
Mixtec, Metlatónoc
Namo
Yeskwa is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It sometimes appears in the literature as Nyenkpa, which is a dialect. The prestige dialect is Tattara.
Nyankpa
Yeskwa language
Mahou
Mawukakan
Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec
Mixtec, Southeastern Nochixtlán
Central Masela
Masela, Central
The Burmese language (; ; MLCTS: myanma bhasa) is the official language of Burma. Burmese is the native language of the Bamar and related sub-ethnic groups of the Bamar, as well as that of some ethnic minorities in Burma like the Mon. Burmese is spoken by 32 million as a first language and as a second language by 10 million, particularly ethnic minorities in Burma and those in neighboring countries. (Although the constitution officially recognizes the English name of the language as the Myanmar language, most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese.)
Birman
Birmanisch
Burmese
birmano
birmanês
Birmanische Sprache
Burmese language
Idioma birmano
Lingua birmana
Língua birmanesa
birman
Mbay, or Sara Mbay, is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic.
Mbay
Mbay language
Mayeka
Maramba
Myene is a cluster of closely related Bantu varieties spoken in Gabon by about 46,000 people. It is perhaps the most divergent of the Narrow Bantu languages, though Nurse & Philippson (2003) place it in with the Tsogo languages (B.30). The more distinctive varieties are Mpongwe (Pongoué), Galwa (Galloa), and Nkomi.
Myene
Myènè
myene
Myene language
myènè
Bambassi is an Omotic Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia around the town of Bambasi in the area east of Asosa in Benishangul-Gumuz Region. The parent language group is the East Mao group. Alternative names for the language are Bambeshi, Siggoyo, Amam, Fadiro, Northern Mao, Didessa and Kere.
Bambassi
Bambassi language
Manta (Anta, Banta) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Manta
Manta language
Southern Rincon Zapotec
Zapotec, Southern Rincon
The Makah language is the Indigenous language spoken by the Makah people. Makah has been extinct as a first language since 2002, when its last fluent native speaker died. However, it survives as a second language, and the Makah tribe is attempting to revive the language, including through preschool classes. The endonymous name for Makah is qʷi·qʷi·diččaq.
Makah
Makah language
Yetfa or Biksi (Biaksi) is a Sepik language spoken in West Papua, Indonesia, and across the border in Papua New Guinea. It's a trade language in West Papua up to the PNG border.
Yetfa
Yetfa language
Mina (India)
Mangaya (Buga) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. The endonym is Bug.
Mangayat
Mangaya language
Minyanka (also known as Mamara, Miniyanka, Minya, Mianka, Minianka, or Tupiire) is a northern Senufo language spoken by about 700,000 people in southeastern Mali. It is closely related to Supyire. Minyanka is one of the national languages of Mali.
Mamara
Mamara Senoufo
Minyanka language
Senoufo, Mamara
Moma
Meen (also Mekan, Mieen, Mieken, Meqan, Men) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Surmic) spoken in Ethiopia by the Meen people. In recent years, it has been written with the Geez alphabet, but in 2007 a decision was made to use the Latin alphabet. Dialects include Bodi (Podi) and Tishena (Teshina, Teshenna).
Me'en
Me'en language
Anfillo (also known as Southern Mao) is a Northern Omotic language spoken in western Ethiopia by a few hundred people. The term Anfillo is used to refer both to the language and the people found in a small community in the Anfillo woreda, part of the Mirab Welega Zone. The language is on the verge of extinction as it is spoken only by adults above the age of sixty. All younger generations have shifted to Western Oromo.
Anfillo
Anfillo language
Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán) is a language spoken by the Pirahã. The Pirahã are an indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil, living along the Maici River, a tributary of the Amazon.
Idioma pirahã
Língua pirarrã
Pirahã
Pirahã language
Forest Maninka
Munichi is a recently extinct language which was spoken in the village of Munichis, about 10 miles or 16 km West of Yurimaguas, Loreto Region, Peru. The last known mother-tongue speaker, Victoria Huancho Icahuate, died in the late 1990s, though some people remain in the village who know a few phrases. In 1988, there were two mother-tongue speakers, but they had not met since the 1970s.
Idioma muniche
Muniche
Munichi language
The Mesmes language is an extinct language, one of the West Gurage languages, a cluster of Semitic languages in Ethiopia. There are still many people who claim the Mesmes ethnic identity, but none who speak the language. The last speaker of the language was interviewed by a language survey team when he was approximately 80 years old. He had not spoken the language for 30 years, when his brother had died.
Mesmes
Mesmes language
Mundurukú is a Tupi language spoken by 10,000 people in the Tapajós River basin in north central Brazil, of which most of the women and children are monolingual.
Língua mundurucu
Mundurukú
Munduruku language
Yerukula is a Dravidian language mainly spoken by the Yerukala tribe. This language is also called Kurru basha or Kulavatha. Yerukala is linguistically close to South Dravidian languages such as Ravula and Irula. Lexical similarity among these languages ranges from 53% to 81%; in the case of Irula, it varies from 33% to 38%; in case of Ravula, it varies from 28% to 45%; in case of modern Tamil, it varies from 27% to 45%.
Língua kurru
Yerukula
Yerukala language
The Erzya language (эрзянь кель) is spoken by about 500,000 people in the northern and eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. A diaspora can also be found in Armenia, Estonia as well as in Kazakhstan and other newly independent states of Central Asia. Erzya is currently written using Cyrillic with no modifications to the variant used by the Russian language. In Mordovia, Erzya is co-official with Moksha and Russian.
Ersja-Mordwinisch
Erzya
erza
erzya
Ersjanische Sprache
Erzya language
Idioma erzya
Lingua ersiana
Muyuw language (Egum, Murua, Murua Dukwayasi, Murua Kaulae, Muruwa, Muyu, Muyua, Muyuwa) is one of the Kilivila–Louisiades languages (of the Austronesian language family), spoken on the Woodlark Island (Papua New Guinea).
Muyuw
Muyuw language
Masaba (Lumasaaba), sometimes known as Gisu (Lugisu) after one of its dialects, is a Bantu language spoken by about 1,500,000 people in eastern Uganda in the administrative region of Bugisu on the border to Kenya. The language is closely related to, and mutually intelligible with Bukusu, spoken in western Kenya. Its speakers, formerly known as the Bagisu, prefer to be called Bamasaba. Masaba is the local name of Mount Elgon. Like other Bantu languages, Masaba has a large set of prefixes used as noun classifiers. This is similar to how gender is used in many Germanic and Romance languages, except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes, most of them rather only generally defined. The language is tonal and has a quite complex verb...
Língua masaba
Masaaba
Masaba language
Macuna
Classical Mandaic
Mandaic, Classical
Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Santa María Zacatepec
Mozabite, or , is a dialect of the Berber language spoken by the Mozabites, an Ibadi group inhabiting the seven cities of the M'zab in the northern Saharan Algeria. It is also spoken by small numbers of Mozabite emigrants in the cities of Algeria and elsewhere. It is very closely related to the nearby Berber dialects of Ouargla, Oued Righ and the more distant Gourara.
Mozabite
Mzab-Wargla
Tumzabt
Mozabite language
Madagascar Sign Language
Malimba
Morawa
Monastic sign languages have been used in Europe from at least the 10th century by Christian monks, and some, such as Cistercian and Trappist sign, are still in use today—not only in Europe but also in Japan, China and the USA. Unlike deaf sign languages, they are better understood as forms of symbolic gestural communication rather than languages, and some writers have preferred to describe them as sign lexicons.
Langue des signes monastique
Monastic Sign Language
Monastic sign languages
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay or Wiznay is a Wichí language. Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay had an estimated 15,000 speakers in 1999 in Argentina and Chile. The language is centered in the Pilcomayo River region. Other names for the language include Güisnay, Mataco, Mataco Güisnay, Mataco Pilcomayo, and Wichí Lhamtés. A grammar book has been written for the language.
Wichi
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yapunda
Ixcatlán Mazatec
Mazatec, Ixcatlán
Manya
Nigeria Mambila
Mambila, Nigeria
Mazatlán Mixe
Mixe, Mazatlán
Mumuye is the most important of the Adamawa languages. It is currently classified in the Leko–Nimbari branch of Savanna languages, as Adamawa is no longer considered a valid family. According to Ethnologue, there are multiple dialects: Zinna, Dong, Yoro, Lankaviri, Gola (Bajama), Gongla, Kasaa, Saawa, Jalingo, Nyaaja, Jeng, Gnoore, Yaa, Sagbee, Shaari, Kugong, Mang, Kwaji, Meeka, Yakoko.
Mumuye
Mumuye language
Mazandarani (مازندرانی) or Tabari (تبری) (Also known as: Mazaniki) is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch, spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces. As a member of the Northwestern branch (the northern branch of Western Iranian), genetically speaking it is rather closely related to Gilaki, and more distantly related to Persian, which belongs to the Southwestern branch.
Idioma mazandaraní
Masanderanische Sprache
Mazandarani
Mazanderani
Mazandarani language
Matipuhy
Yeyi (autoethnonym Shiyeyi) is an endangered Bantu language spoken by many of the approximately 50,000 Yeyi people along the Okavango River in Namibia and Botswana. Yeyi, influenced by Juu languages, is one of several Bantu languages along the Okavango with clicks. Indeed, it has the largest known inventory of clicks of any Bantu language, with dental, alveolar, palatal, and lateral articulations. Though most of its older speakers prefer Yeyi in normal conversation, it is being gradually phased out in Botswana by a popular move towards Tswana, with Yeyi only being learned by children in a few villages. Yeyi speakers in the Caprivi Strip of north-eastern Namibia, however, retain Yeyi in villages (including Linyanti), but may also speak the regional lingua franca, Lozi.
Yeyi
Yeyi language
Idioma movima
Movima
Movima language
Mori Atas
Marúbo is a Panoan language of Brazil.
Marúbo
Marúbo language
Macanese or Macau Creole (known as Patuá to its speakers) is a creole language derived mainly from Malay, Sinhalese, Cantonese, and Portuguese, which was originally spoken by the Macanese community of the Portuguese colony of Macau. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese diaspora.
Macaista
Macanese
Patois macanais
Patuá macaense
Macanese language
Mintil is a possibly extinct aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Mintil
Mintil language
Inapang Midsivindi is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Inapang
Inapang language
Manza
Deg (Degha) is a Gur language of Ghana, with a thousand speakers in Ivory Coast.
Deg
Deg language
Mawayana (Mahuayana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana.
Mawayana
Mawayana language
Mozambican Sign Language
Maiadomu
Malyangapa
Namla is a recently discovered and poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia. It may be related to Tofanma, a neighboring language which like Namla remains unclassified.
Namla
Namla language
The Nambikwara language (Southern Nambikwara or Kitãulhu, contrasting with Northern Nambikwara or Mamaindé; also spelled Nambikuára, Nhambikwara or Nambiquara) is an indigenous language of Brazil, spoken by about 1200 Nambikwara people in the Mato Grosso state. It forms a small Nambikwaran language family, which are often considered dialects of a single language despite not being mutually intelligible. They are a language isolate; Joseph Greenberg had included in his Gê–Pano–Carib phylum, but this has not been followed by other linguists. Nambikwara is in vigorous use in the Nambikwara communities and in spite of having few speakers the language is not endangered. The name Nambikwara is of Tupi origin.
Língua nambiquara
Nambikwara du Sud
Nambikwara-Sprachen
Southern Nambikuára
Nambikuára, Southern
Nambikwara language
Narak
Nijadali
Naka'ela
Nabak (Naba, Napa) is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It's also known as Wain.
Nabak
Nabak language
Nagamese ("Naga Pidgin") is a creole used in Nagaland. It is based on Assamese. Since Nagaland is inhabited by people belonging to different Naga tribes speaking languages which are mutually unintelligible, Nagamese is the preferred form of communication for all. It is used in the Nagaland Legislature, as a means of explanation in Nagaland schools and in mixed households. It has been described as a creole, which was stable by 1936 and which is unlikely to decreolize. English is the official language of Nagaland and 67.11% of the population is educated.
Naga Pidgin
Nagamese creole
Yiningayi
Nalu is a Senegambian language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.
Nalu
Nalu language
The Nakanai language is spoken by the Nakanai tribe in West New Britain, a province of Papua New Guinea. It is an Austronesian language, belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.
Nakanai
Nakanai language
The Nalik language is spoken by approximately 5,000 people, based in 17 villages in Kavieng District, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.
Nalik
Nalik language
Língua ngangikurrunggurr
Ngan'gityemerri
Ngangikurrunggurr language
The Southern Min languages, or Min Nan , are a family of Chinese languages spoken in southern Fujian, eastern Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, and southern Zhejiang provinces of China, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora.
Chino min nan
Lingua min nan
Min Nan
Minnan
Chinese, Min Nan
Min Nan Chinese
Yangum Gel
Naaba
Southern Italian (Dialetti italiani meridionali), or Napoletano-Calabrese, is a group of Italo-Dalmatian Romance dialects spoken in Southern Lazio, Southern Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Apulia, and Northern Calabria. Part of a language continuum, they are all mutually intelligible and are often referred to as Neapolitan languages (based on Naples' historic role as capital of the region). According to Ethnologue, the dialects are grouped as Napoletano-Calabrese and are given the status of language. Some consider the dialects simply as Italian dialects affected by a samnite substratum.
Neapolitan
Süditalienisch
napoletano
napolitain
napolitano
Dialetti italiani meridionali
Neapolitanisch
Southern Italian
Nama
nama
nama khoe
Nama (Namibia)
Iguta
Naasioi (also Nasioi, Kieta, Kieta Talk, Aunge) is an East Papuan language spoken in the central mountains and southeast coast of Kieta District, Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Naasioi
Naasioi language
Hungworo, or Ngwe, is a Kainji language spoken in Nigeria.
Hungworo
Hungworo language
The Nauruan language (dorerin Naoero) is an Austronesian language spoken in Nauru. It is estimated that it has 7,000 speakers. Almost all speakers are bilingual in English.
Nauru
Nauruisch
nauru
nauruan
nauruano
Idioma nauruano
Lingua nauruana
Língua nauruana
Nauruan
Nauruan language
Nauruische Sprache
Yagomi
Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwestern United States. It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken in northwest Canada and Alaska).
Navaho
Navajo
navaho
navajo
Idioma navajo
Lingua navajo
Língua navaja
Navajo language
Nawuri
Nakwi is a Left May language of New Guinea, in East Sepik Province. It is close to Nimo.
Nakwi
Nakwi language
Ngarrindjeri (also Yaraldi, Yaralde Tingar) or Narrinyeri (also written Ngarinyeri) was the language of the Ngarrindjeri people of southern South Australia. Berndt, Berndt & Stanton published 1993, "The appropriate traditional categorization of the whole group was Kukabrak: this term, as we mention again below, was used by these people to differentiate themselves from neighbours whom they regarded as being socio-culturally and linguistically dissimilar. However, the term Narrinyeri has been used consistently in the literature and by Aborigines today who recognize a common descent from original inhibitants of this region-- even though their traditional identifying labels have been lost."
Narrinyeri
Ngarrindjeri language
Coatepec Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Coatepec
Ngangela (Gangela), also called Nyemba, is a Bantu language of Angola, with a few thousand speakers in Zambia and Namibia. It is closely related to Luchazi.
Nyemba
Nyemba language
Sukurum
Ndoe is the most divergent of the Ekoid languages (Niger–Congo family) of Nigeria and Cameroon.
Ndoe
Ndoe language
Gepo
Chang (Changyanguh), or Mochungrr, is a Naga language of north-eastern India.
Chang Naga
Chang language
Naga, Chang
Ngbinda is a poorly documented Congolese Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. Prior to 1975 it had also been spoken in southern Sudan.
Ngbinda
Ngbinda language
Konyak Naga
Naga, Konyak
Naxi (also known as Nakhi, Nasi, Lomi, Moso, Mo-su) is a Tibeto-Burman language or group of languages spoken by some 310,000 people concentrated in the Lijiang City Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn 玉龍納西族自治縣) of the province of Yunnan, China. Nakhi is also the name of the ethnic group that speaks it.
Naxi
Naxi language
Nagarchal is a Dravidian language in India. According to the 1971 census, there were 7091 speakers of the language, but they have shifted to Hindi and Gondi. The Nagarchal speakers live in the Balaghat, Chhindwara, Mandla and Seoni districts of Madhya Pradesh, the Durg District of Chhattisgarh, the Bhandara District in Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. Nagarchal speakers are sometimes referred to as Nagarchi.
Nagarchal
Nagarchal language
Ngamo (also known as Ngamawa, Gamo, Gamawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.
Ngamo
Ngamo language
Mao Naga
Naga, Mao
Yagaria is a Papuan language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Named dialects are Kami-Kulaka, Move, Ologuti, Dagenava, Kamate, Hira, Hua (Huva), Kotom.
Yagaria
Yagaria language
Ngarinman
Nake
The Southern Ndebele language (isiNdebele or Nrebele in Southern Ndebele) is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, and spoken by the amaNdebele (the Ndebele people of South Africa).
Nrebele
South Ndebele
Süd-Ndebele
ndebele del sud
ndebele do sul
ndebele meridional
Idioma ndebele del Sur
Lingua ndebele del sud
Língua ndebele
Ndebele, South
Southern Ndebele language
Süd-Ndebele-Sprache
ndébélé du Sud
Ngbaka Ma'bo
Kuri
Nkukoli
Ekajuk is an Ekoid language (of the Niger–Congo family) of Nigeria.
Nnam
Nnam language
Nggem
Gwantu (Gbantu) is a dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria. Gwantu is the name of the principal dialect; the others are Numana, Nunku (not Nungu), and Numbu.
Gbantu language
Numana-Nunku-Gbantu-Numbu
Namibian Sign Language
Yugul
Rongmei Naga
Naga, Rongmei
Ngamambo
Southern Ngbandi
Ngbandi, Southern
Wangkumara or Wanggumara is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Karnic subgroup of the widespread Pama–Nyungan languages family and is sometimes also classified as a dialect of Ngura. In 1981 it was still spoken by 4 members of the Wangkumara people around Cooper Creek, the Thomson River and the Warry Warry Creek, the town of Eromanga and the Nuccundra in Queensland, Australia; today it might be already extinct.
Ngura
Wangkumara language
Ningera
Yagwoia (Yeghuye), or Kokwaiyakwa, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are named after the five ethnicities, Iwalaqamalje, Hiqwaye, Hiqwase, Gwase, Heqwangilye (Yeqwangilje dialect).
Yagwoia
Yagwoia language
Iyo (also called Bure, Nabu ~ Naho ~ Nahu, Ndo) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.
Iyo
Iyo language
Central Nicobarese is a group of Nicobarese languages spoken on the Nicobar Islands. The varieties spoken on the various islands apart from Trinket are not mutually intelligible, and are considered separate languages: *Nancowry *Camorta *Katchal (Tehnu) Each constitutes approx. one third of speakers.
Central Nicobarese
Central Nicobarese languages
Nicobarese, Central
Ponam
Nachering
The Yalë language, also known as Nagatman, is a language isolate in northwestern Papua New Guinea. There are about 600 speakers, of whom 5% are monolingual.
Yale
Yalë language
Notsi
Nisga’a (also Nass, Nisgha, , Nishka, Niska, Nishga, Nisqa’a) is a Tsimshianic language of the Nisgaa people of northwestern British Columbia. Nisgaa people, however, do not like the term Tshimshianic as they feel that it gives precedence to Coast Tsimshian. Nisga’a is very closely related to Gitksan. Indeed, many linguists regard Nisga’a and Gitksan as dialects of a single Nass–Gitksan language. The two are generally treated as distinct languages out of deference to the political separation of the two groups.
Nisga'a
Nisgha
Nisga’a language
Central Huasteca Nahuatl is a native American language spoken in the Mexico by a couple hundred thousand people. Many speakers also use Spanish. Some bible portions have been translated into Central Huasteca Nahuatl.
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
Lingua nahuatl huaxteca centrale
Nahuatl, Central Huasteca
Classical Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Classical
Northern Puebla Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Northern Puebla
Nakkara is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Nakkara people of Arnhemland.
Nakara
Nakkara language
Paha (autonym: pa33 ha33) is a Kra language spoken in northern Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan. The two villages are located near the border with Longlin County, Guangxi. Paha is often considered to be part of the Buyang dialect cluster and is the most divergent form. Although listed in Ethnologue as Baha Buyang (ISO 639-3: ), Thai linguist Weera Ostapirat considers Paha to be a separate language.
Baha Buyang
Buyang, Baha
Paha language
Michoacán Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Michoacán
Nambo
Nauna
Nagovisi or Sibe is an East Papuan language spoken in the mountains of southern Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Sibe
Nagovisi language
Ndaktup
Ncane
Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN; ) is a signed language spontaneously developed by deaf children in a number of schools in western Nicaragua in the 1970s and 1980s. It is of particular interest to the linguists who study it, because it offers a unique opportunity to study what they believe to be the birth of a new language.
Idioma de Signos Nicaragüense
Idioma de señas de Nicaragua
Lingua dei segni nicaraguense
Língua de sinais nicaraguense
Nicaraguan Sign Language
Nicaraguan sign language
Chothe Naga
Naga, Chothe
Chumburung (Kyongborong, Nchimburu, Nchummuru) is a Guang language spoken by 69,000 in Ghana.
Chumburung
Chumburung language
Central Puebla Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Central Puebla
Natchez was a language of Louisiana. Its two last fluent speakers, Watt Sam and Nancy Raven, died in the late 1930s. The Natchez nation is now working to revive it as a spoken language.
Idioma natchez
Natchez
Natchez language
Ndasa
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic, Arabi, Yahudic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Iraq. 99% of all speakers now live in Israel. Speakers are older adults.
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Arabic, Judeo-Iraqi
Kenswei Nsei
Ndau (also called Chindau, Chindau, Ndzawu, Njao, Sofala, Southeast Shona, Chidanda) is one of the Shona dialects. It is spoken by people from the region of Chipinge (Zimbabwe). Some of its vocabulary is very similar to that of Ndebele and often this dialect can sound very different from that of basic Shona.
Língua ndau
Ndau
Ndau language
Nde is an Ekoid language of Nigeria. There are three somewhat distinct dialects, Nde (60% of speakers), Nsele, and Nta.
Nde language
Nde-Nsele-Nta
The Northern Ndebele language, isiNdebele, or Ndebele is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, and spoken by the Ndebele or Matabele people of Zimbabwe. It is commonly known as Sindebele.
IsiNdebele
North Ndebele
Sindebele
ndebele del nord
ndebele do norte
ndebele septentrional
Idioma ndebele del norte
Lingua ndebele del nord
Língua ndebele do norte
Ndebele, North
Nord-Ndebele-Sprache
Northern Ndebele language
ndébélé du Nord
Nadruvian
Ndengereko is a language of the Matumbi hills, near Kibiti, and near Mchukivi and Bungu, Republic of Tanzania, as well as in Dar-es-Salaam. It is apparently not like Hehe or Bena in that group, or yet like Yao and Mwera in theirs, but rather more like other local languages of the Matumbi Hills and Rufiji River area. J.A.Biddulph (talk) 20:46, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
Ndengereko
Ndengereko language
Ndali, or Chindali, is a Bantu language spoken by an increasing population in southern Tanzania of 150,000 (1987) and in northern Malawi by 70,000 (2003).
Ndali
Ndali language
Chamba Leko is one of two languages spoken by the Chamba people, the other being Chamba Daka. It is a member of the Leko branch of Savanna languages, and is spoken across the northern Nigerian–Cameroonian border.
Samba Leko
Chamba Leko
Ndamba is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Ndamba
Ndamba language
The Ndaka language (or Indaaka, Ndaaka) is spoken by the Ndaka people in the Ituri Province, Mambasa Territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is lexically similar to the Mbo, Budu, Vanuma and Nyali languages.
Ndaka
Ndaka language
Ndolo
Hlepho Phowa
Phowa, Hlepho
Ndam, also known as Dam and Ndamm, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjilé and Lai. Most of the speakers generally practice traditional religions, Islam, or Christianity. There are two dialects of Ndam—northern and southern, respectively—Ndam Dik, and Ndam-Ndam.
Ndam
Ndam language
Ngundi
Ndonga (also called Oshiwambo, Otjiwambo, or Owambo) is a Bantu language spoken in Namibia and some parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. The total number of Ndonga speakers is estimated to be slightly over one million.
Ndonga
dongo
ndonga
Idioma ndonga
Lingua ndonga
Ndonga dialect
Ndo, also Ke’bu or Membitu, is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Congo and western Uganda spoken by a caste of blacksmiths.
Ndo
Ndo language
Ndombe
Ndoola (Ndoro) is a Bantoid language of Nigeria, with a couple of thousand speakers in Cameroon. It is either among or related to the Mambiloid languages. It is perhaps rather like Tiv. Some vocabulary:
Ndoola
Ndoro language
Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdüütsch, Nedderdüütsch; Standard German: Plattdeutsch or Niederdeutsch; Dutch: Nedersaksisch in the wider sense. See Nomenclature below.) is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands. It descended from Old Saxon, its earliest form.
West Low German, also known as Low Saxon (, ), is a group of Low German dialects spoken in the northwest of Germany and adjacent territories. Together with East Low German it forms the Low German dialect group (German: Niederdeutsch or Plattdeutsch).
Baixo saxão
Bajo sajón
Bas saxon
Basso sassone
Low Saxon
Niederdeutsch
Baixo-alemão
Bajo alemán
Bas allemand
German, Low
Lingua basso-tedesca
Low German
Niederdeutsche Sprache
Niedersächsisch
Saxon, Low
West Low German
baixo alemão
baixo-alemão
bajo alemán
bas allemand
bas-allemand
basso tedesco
Elotepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Elotepec
Ndunga (Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga) is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.
Ndunga
Ndunga language
Yinggarda is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Kartu languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Yinggarda
Yinggarda language
Dugun
Ndut (Ndoute) is a Cangin language of Senegal. Ethnologue reports that it is 84% cognate (and 55% intelligible) with Palor, essentially a divergent dialect, and 68% cognate with the other Cangin languages.
Ndut
Ndut language
Ndobo
Nduga
Lutos (Ruto) is a Central Sudanic language of CAR and Chad. Two distinctive dialects are Lutos/Ruto proper and Nduka.
Lutos
Lutos language
Ndogo is a Ubangian language, one of the nine major languages of South Sudan, and is taught in primary school. It is used as a secondary language by the Gollo and some of the Gbaya, among others.
Ndogo
Ndogo language
Eastern Ngad'a
Ngad'a, Eastern
Tura (Toura) is a Mande language of Ivory Coast. Dialects are Naò, Boo, Yiligele, Gwéò, Wáádú, Guse.
Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)
Tura language
Nedebang (ISO 639-3 ) is a Papuan language spoken in the villages of Balungada and Baulang in the eastern district of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. There are also Nedebang speakers in Air Panas, administratively part of Balungada but located 1 km from the main village.
Nedebang
Nedebang language
Nde-Gbite
Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak
Yiddish ( yidish or idish, literally "Jewish") is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages. It is written in the Hebrew alphabet.
Jiddisch
Yiddish
Yidis
iídiche
yiddish
Lingua yiddish
Língua iídiche
Yiddish language
yídish
Nefamese
Negidal (also spelled Neghidal) is a language of the Tungusic family spoken in the Russian Far East, mostly in Khabarovskij Kraj, along the lower reaches of the Amur River. Negidal belongs to the Northern branch of Tungusic, together with Evenki and Even. It is particularly close to Evenki, to the extent that it is occasionally referred to as a dialect of Evenki.
Negidal
Néguidale
Negidal language
Nyenkha (Dzongkha: འནྱེན་ཁ་; Wylie: Nyen-kha; also called "Nyenkha," "Henkha," "Lap," "Nga Ked," and "Mangsdekha") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 10,000 people in the eastern, northern, and western areas of the Black Mountains. Speakers live primarily between the Tang Chuu to the east and Mangde Chhu to the west, from the town of Trongsa in Trongsa District; along Black River passes in the Trongsa District villages of Taktse and Usar; to in Ridha and Tashiding villages, and Phobji, Dangchu, and Sephu Gewogs and surrounding villages in southeast Wangdue Phodrang District.
Nyenkha
Nyen language
Neo-Hittite
Hittite, Neo-
Neko
Neku
Nemi
Nengone
Ná-Meo
Nepali or Nepalese is a language in the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.
Nepali
nepalese
nepali
nepalí
népalais
Idioma nepalí
Lingua nepalese
Língua nepali
Nepalesisch
Nepali (macrolanguage)
Nepali language
Népalais
North Central Mixe
Mixe, North Central
Yahadian
Bhoti Kinnauri
Kinnauri, Bhoti
Nete, also known as Bisorio, Malamauda, or Iniai, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. The Nete and Bisorio dialects have limited mutual intelligibility.
Nete
Nete language
Neo is an international auxiliary language created by a Belgian diplomat of Italian descent Arturo Alfandari.
Idioma neo
Neo
Nyaheun
Nepal Bhasa (, Nēpāl bhāṣā, also known as Newah Bhaye and Newari) is one of the major languages of Nepal. It is the mother tongue of about 3% of the people in Nepal (see the list of languages of Nepal). It is spoken mainly by the Newars, the indigenous inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley. Although Nepal Bhasa is classified as a Sino-Tibetan language, it has been greatly influenced by Indo-Aryan languages.
Newari
newari
Bhasa, Nepal
Lingua Nepal Bhasa
Língua bhasa
Nepal Bhasa
Nepal bhasa
Nepalbhasha
nepal bhasa
Neme
Neyo
Nez Perce , also spelled Nez Percé, is a Sahaptian language related to the several dialects of Sahaptin (note the spellings, -ian vs. -in). The Sahaptian sub-family is one of the branches of the Plateau Penutian family (which in turn may be related to a larger Penutian grouping). It is spoken by the Nez Perce tribe of the northwestern United States.
Nez Perce
Nez-percé
Nez Perce language
The Dhao language, better known to outsiders by its Rotinese name Ndao (Ndaonese, Ndaundau), is the language of Ndao Island in Indonesia. Traditionally classified as a Sumba language in the Austronesian family, it may actually be a non-Austronesian (Papuan) language. (See Savu languages for details.) It was once considered a dialect of Hawu, but is not mutually intelligible.
Dhao
Dhao language
Ahwai, or Ndunic, constitutes a branch of the Plateau languages of Nigeria. Blench (2008) notes three clearly but distinct Ndunic languages, Nandu Ndun, Ningon Nyeng, and Tari Shakara. However, that year Ethnologue reclassified them as a single language called Ahwai.
Ahwai
Ahwai language
Äiwoo is a language spoken in the Reef Islands and Nendö (Santa Cruz Island), both part of the Temotu Province in the Eastern Solomon Islands.
Ayiwo
Äiwoo
Äiwoo language
Nafaanra (sometimes written Nafaara, pronounced ) is a Senufo language spoken in northwest Ghana, along the border with Côte d'Ivoire, east of Bondouko. It is spoken by approximately 61,000 people. Its speakers call themselves Nafana; others call them Banda or Mfantera. Like other Senufo languages, Nafaanra is a tonal language. It is somewhat of an outlier in the Senufo language group, with the geographically closest relatives, the Southern Senufo Tagwana–Djimini languages, approximately to the west, on the other side of Comoé National Park.
Nafaanra
Mfumte
Ngbaka, distinguished from other languages called Ngbaka as Ngbaka Gbaya or Ngbaka Minangende, is a Ubangian language spoken by a million people in DRC Congo. It is a regionally important language, used by the Gilima, Ngbundu, Mbandja, and Mono peoples and taught in primary schools; 10% are literate in Ngbaka.
Ngbaka
Ngbaka minangende
Ngbaka Gbaya language
Northern Ngbandi
Ngbandi, Northern
Ngombe, or Lingombe, is a Bantu language spoken by about 150,000 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In general, native speakers live on either side of the Congo river, and its many tributaries; more specifically, Équateur Province, Mongala District and in areas neighboring it (Sud Ubangi and Équateur districts). Like English, Ngombe is written in Latin script.
Ngombe
Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Ngombe language
Ache
Ngando
Ngando (Central African Republic)
Ngemba
Ngbaka Manza
or , commonly known by its primary dialect , is a moribund Tuu (Khoisan) language once spoken in South Africa. It is no longer spoken often on a daily basis, as the speakers live in different villages. The subordinate name is used for the entire people by the South African government, but the descendents of -dialect speakers now speak Khoekhoe.
Idioma nǀu
Lingua nǀu
Língua nǀu
N/u
Nǁng language
Ngizim (also known as Ngizmawa, Ngezzim) is an Chadic language spoken by the Ngizim people in Yobe State, Nigeria.
Ngizim
Ngizim language
Ngie is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. A variety called Mengum is only 56% lexically similar, and so should perhaps be considered a distinct language.
Ngie
Ngie language
Dalabon or Ngalkbun is an endangered Gunwinyguan language spoken by some 20 speakers in Arnhem Land, Australia. Dalabon is also known as Dangbon, Ngalkbon or Buwan.
Dalabon
Dalabon language
Ngalkbun
Wusa Nasu
Nasu, Wusa
Ngatik Men's Creole
The Ngwo speak a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. The Konda and Basa varieties are perhaps divergent enough to be considered distinct languages.
Ngwo
Ngwo language
Ngoni is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Mozambique. It is one of several languages of the Ngoni people, who descend from the Nguni people of southern Africa. Despite its name, it is not descended from an Nguni language, but only retains the name. Generally any language spoken by the Ngoni may be called "Ngoni": The Ngoni of Malawi, for instance, is Chewa, and other Ngoni speak Tumbuka or Nsenga.
Ngoni
Ngoni language
Ngulu is a Bantu language spoken in east-central Tanzania. In 1987 the Ngulu-speaking population was estimated to number 132,000 . The Ngulu language is also called Geja, Kingulu, Nguru, Nguu, or Wayomba.
Ngulu
Ngulu language
Ngoreme
Ngurimi
The Nanggu language is one of two Reefs – Santa Cruz languages spoken on Nendö Island (the other is called Santa Cruz).
Engdewu
Nanggu
Nanggu language
Gvoko (also known as Gevoko, Ghboko, Gavoko, Kuvoko, Ngossi, Ngoshi, Ngoshe-Ndhang, Ngweshe-Ndaghan, Ngoshe Sama, Nggweshe) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria and Far North Province, Cameroon.
Gvoko
Gvoko language
Western Yiddish
Yiddish, Western
Ngeq
Guerrero Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Guerrero
Nagumi
Ngwaba (also known as Gombi, Goba) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Gombi and Hong LGAs.
Ngwaba
Ngwaba language
Nggwahyi (Ngwaxi, Ngwohi) is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria. It may be one of the Marghi languages.
Nggwahyi
Nggwahyi language
Tibea
Ngungwel
Nhanda or Nhanta or Nhandi is an Australian Aboriginal language. It has been considered a member of the Kartu languages group of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family, but recent research has thrown this classification into question.
Nhanda
Nhanta
Nhanda language
Yidiny (also spelled Yidinj, , ) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, spoken by the Yidindji tribe of northern Queensland.
Yidiny
Yidiny language
Beng (Ben) is a Mande language of Ivory Coast. It goes by various names, including Gan, Ngain, Ngan, Ngen, Ngin, Nguin.
Beng
Beng language
Tabasco Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Tabasco
Chiripá Guarani (Tsiripá, Txiripá), also known as Ava Guarani and Nhandéva (Ñandeva), is a Guaraní language spoken in Paraguay, Brazil, and also Argentina. It is closely related to Paraguayan Guaraní, a language which speakers are increasingly switching to. There are 4,900 speakers in Brazil and 7,000 in Paraguay.
Ava-guarani
Chiripá
Ava Guarani language
Ava Guaraní
Guaraní, Ava
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl is a Nahuatl variety spoken by about 410,000 people in the eastern part of the region of La Huasteca in Mexico, spread over 1,500 villages
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Lingua nahuatl huaxteca orientale
Nahuatl, Eastern Huasteca
Nhuwala
Tetelcingo Nahuatl, or Mösiehuali, is a Nahuatl variety spoken by 3,500 people in the town of Tetelcingo and its colonias, Colonia Cuauhtémoc and Colonia Lázaro Cárdenas, in Morelos, Mexico. Tetelcingo and its colonias are (as of 2008) practically absorbed into the urban area of the city of Cuautla, Morelos, and the Mösiehuali language and culture are under intense pressure.
Tetelcingo Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Tetelcingo
Nahari is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the states of Chhattisgarh and Orissa in India. It was reported in 1994 that all speakers of Nahari were actually native speakers of Nimadi.
Nahari
Nahari language
Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla
Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Cosoleacaque
Morelos Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Morelos
Central Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Central
Takuu (also Mortlock, Taku, Tau, or Tauu) is a Polynesian language from the Ellicean group spoken on the atoll of Takuu, near Bougainville Island. It is very closely related to Nukumanu and Nukuria from Papua New Guinea and to Ontong Java and Sikaiana from Solomon Islands.
Takuu
Takuu language
Yinjibarndi is a Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia.
Yindjibarndi
Yinjibarndi
Yinjibarndi language
Pajapan Nahuatl (also Isthmus-Pajapan or Istmo-Pajapan Nahuatl) is a variety of Nahuatl spoken in Pajapan in the Mexican state of Veracruz.
Pajapan Nahuatl
Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Pajapan
Huaxcaleca Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Huaxcaleca
Naro (also Nharo) is a Khoe language spoken in the Ghanzi District of Botswana and in eastern Namibia, where it is sometimes called Nharo. There are about 14,000 speakers: 10,000 in Botswana (2004 Cook) and 4,000 in Namibia (1998 Maho). This makes it probably the most-spoken of the Tshu–Khwe languages. Naro is a trade language among speakers of different Khoe languages in the Ghanzi District. There is currently a dictionary.
Lingua naro
Língua naro
Naro
Naro language
Ometepec Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Ometepec
Noone
Temascaltepec Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Temascaltepec
Western Huasteca Nauatl is a native American language spoken in central northern México, also known as Western Huasteca Aztec, Náhuatl de Tamazunchale, and Náhuatl de la Huasteca Occidental. According to SIL's Ethnologue, there is 85% mutual intelligibility between Western and Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl.
Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Western Huasteca
Isthmus–Mecayapan Nahuatl or Isthmus Nahuat(l) (native name: mela'tájtol) is a modern variety of Nahuatl spoken by about 20,000 people in Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan, Veracruz, Mexico.
Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl
Isthmus–Mecayapan Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Mecayapan
Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Northern Oaxaca
Santa María La Alta Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Santa María La Alta
The Nias language is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. It belongs to the Northwest Sumatran subgroup which also includes Mentawai and the Batak languages. It had about 770,000 speakers in 2000.
Nias
Nias-Sprache
Niha
nias
Nias language
Nakame
Dongshanba Lalo
Lalo, Dongshanba
Ngandi
The Niellim language (autonym lwaà) is a Bua language spoken by some 5,000 people (as of 1993) along the Chari River in southern Chad. It is mainly spoken in two areas: one around the city of Sarh (to which many - perhaps most - speakers have migrated) and one, its traditional home, further north, between about 9°30′ and 9°50′ N, corresponding to the former chiefdoms of Pra, Niellim, and Niou.
Niellim
Niellim language
Nek
Ngalakan or Ngalakgan is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern Non-Pama–Nyungan languages formerly spoken in the Roper river region of the Northern territory. Alpher,Evans and Harvery (2003) classify it as a member of the "Gunwinyguan" family of languages. Baker(2004)argues that within this family Ngalakan is most closely related to Rebarrnga.
Ngalakan
Ngalakan language
Nyiha
Nyiha (Tanzania)
Nii is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Chimbu–Wahgi branch spoken in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Nii
Nii language
Ngaju is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to Bakumpai language. There are three dialects—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.
Ngaju
Ngaju dayak
Ngaju language
Xanaguía Zapotec
Zapotec, Xanaguía
Southern Nicobarese, also known as Nicobara, Great Nicobarese, and Sambelong, is a Nicobarese language, spoken on the Sambelong Southern Nicobar Islands of Little Nicobar, Great Nicobar, and a couple small neighboring islands, Kondul and Pulo Milo (Milo Island). Each is said to have its own dialect, as does the Tafwap region of Little Nicobar, though Kondul was evacuated to Great Nicobar after the 2004 tsunami.
Southern Nicobarese
Nicobarese, Southern
Southern Nicobarese language
Yindjilandji
Nila
Iramba, also known as Nilamba (there is no distinction between and ) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Nilamba and Iambi people of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania.
Nilamba
Iramba language
Ninzo (Ninzam) is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Ninzo
Ninzo language
Nganasan language (formerly called , tavgiysky, or , tavgiysko-samoyedsky in Russian; from the ethnonym , tavgi) is a language of the Nganasan people. In 2002 it was spoken by 500 out of 830 Nganasan people in the southwestern and central parts of the Taymyr Peninsula.
Lingua nganasan
Língua nganasan
Nganasan
Nganasanische Sprache
Nganassane
Nganasan language
Nandi
Nimboran (Nambrong) is a Papuan language of Indonesia spoken by mostly older adults. Younger generations have shifted to Papuan Malay.
Nimboran
Nimboran language
Nimi is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea. There were about 1400 native speakers as of 1980.
Nimi
Nimi language
Yimchungrü is a Naga language of northeast India, spoken by the Yimchunger people.
Yimchungru Naga
Naga, Yimchungru
Yimchungrü language
Southeastern Kolami
Kolami, Southeastern
The Niuean language or Niue language (Niuean: ko e vagahau Niuē) is a Polynesian language, belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian languages. It is most closely related to Tongan and slightly more distantly to other Polynesian languages such as Māori, Sāmoan, and Hawaiian. Together, Tongan and Niuean form the Tongic subgroup of the Polynesian languages. Niuean also has a number of influences from Samoan and Eastern Polynesian languages.
Niue
Niue-Sprache
Niuean
niue
niueano
Idioma niuano
Lingua niueana
Niuean language
Niueanische Sprache
niué
Nivkh or Gilyak (self-designation: Нивхгу диф Nivxgu dif) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun (a tributary of the Amur), along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. Gilyak is the Manchu appellation. Its speakers are known as the Nivkh people.
Gilyak
Idioma nivejí
Lingua nivkh
Língua nivkhe
Nivkhe
Niwchische Sprache
Nivkh language
Nimo (Nimo-Wasawai) is a Left May language of New Guinea, in Sandaun Province. Nimo and Wasawai are two of the villages inhabited by speakers of this language. It is close to Nakwi.
Nimo
Nimo language
Hema is a Bantu language and one of three languages spoken by the Hema people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Hema
Hema language
The Ngiti, or South Lendu, is an ethnolinguistic group located in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ngiti speakers call their language Ndruna. As of 1991, the Ngiti numbered 100,000 located in the Irumu territory south of Bunia. During the Ituri conflict, the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri was formed as a Ngiti militia group and political party.
Ngiti
Ngiti language
Ningil
Nzanyi (also known as Njanyi, Nzangi, Njai, Njeny, Zani, Zany, Jeng, Jenge, Njei, Njeing, Kobotshi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Maiha LGA, and along the border in Cameroon. Dialects are Dede, Hoode, Lovi, Magara, Maiha, Mutidi, Nggwoli, Paka, and Rogede.
Nzanyi
Nzanyi language
Nocte is a Naga language of north-eastern India.
Nocte Naga
Naga, Nocte
Nocte language
Ndonde Hamba
The Lotha (Lhota) language is spoken by approximately 80,000 people in the northeastern Indian state of Nagaland. It is centered in the small district of Wokha (capital Wokha). This district has many villages such as Merapani, Englan, Pakti and others, where the language is widely spoken and studied. It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages, which are primarily concentrated in that region. The language resembles its northern neighbor Ao, as well as the Meitei language spoken in the state of Manipur.
Lotha
Lotha Naga
Lotha language
Naga, Lotha
Ngarnka (Gudanji) is an extinct Australian language which was spoken in the Barkly Tableland of Northern Australia, Australia, close to the township of Elliot. According to the Australian linguist Robert J. Pensalfini, the last fluent speaker of the language died between 1997 and 1998.
Gudanji
Ngarnka language
Yinchia
Njen
Njalgulgule
Angami (also: Gnamei, Ngami, Tsoghami, Tsugumi, Monr, Tsanglo, Tenyidie) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Naga Hills in the northeastern part of India, in Kohima district, Nagaland.
Angami
Angami Naga
Angami language
Naga, Angami
Liangmai Naga
Naga, Liangmai
Mongsen Ao is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Ao of Nagaland in northeast India. Conventionally classified as "Naga", the Ao languages are not clearly related to other Naga languages. Gordon (2005) estimates that there are 141,000 speakers of Mongsen and Chungli Ao.
Ao Naga
Mongsen Ao language
Naga, Ao
Njerep
Nisa is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. Language use is vigorous.
Nisa
Nisa language
Pholo is a Loloish language of China. Although culturally associated with the Phula languages, it is not closely related. Pelkey (2011:353) specifically excludes it, noting that it does not share the defining features of that branch of Loloish.
Pholo
Pholo language
Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin
Ngadjunmaya
Kunyi is a Bantu language spoken in R. Congo.
Kunyi
Kunyi language
Njyem
Nyishi
Nkoya is a Bantu language of Zambia. It may be one of the Luba languages, and is at least Luban. Mbwera (Mbowela) dialect is distinct.
Nkoya
Nkoya language
Khoibu Naga
Naga, Khoibu
Nkongho, or Upper Mbo, is a poorly known Bantu language of Cameroon. Apart from being Bantu, it is not demonstrably related to the Mbo language.
Nkongho
Nkongho language
Koireng
Duke is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,000 people on Kolombangara island, Solomon Islands. Speakers of Duke tend to use several languages.
Duke
Duke language
Inpui Naga
Naga, Inpui
Miqie
Nekgini
Khezha Naga
Naga, Khezha
Khoirao Thangal is a robust Naga language of India.
Thangal Naga
Khoirao language
Naga, Thangal
Nakai
Nokuku
Namat
Nkangala (Ngangala) is a minor Bantu language of Angola.
Nkangala
Nkangala language
North Awyu
Awyu, North
Nkonya is a Guang language spoken by 28,000 in Ghana.
Nkonya
Nkonya language
Niuatoputapu was the indigenous language of Niuatoputapu, Tonga. It was more closely related to Samoan than to Tongan. Sometime in the 18th or 19th century, it became extinct and its use was replaced by Tongan.
Niuatoputapu
Niuatoputapu language
Nkami
The Nukuoro language is a Polynesian language, spoken by about 860 people on the Nukuoro Island and on Pohnpei in Micronesia. It is extremely similar to Kapingamarangi language.
Lingua Nukuoro
Nukuoro
Nukuoro language
North Asmat
Asmat, North
Nyika
Nyika (Tanzania)
Bouna Kulango
Kulango, Bouna
Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)
Yis
Nkutu (Nkuchu, Kitkutshu) is a Bantu language of northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Local dialects include Elembe, Hamba, Lokalo (Kalo), Kongola-Meno, Ngongo, and Saka (Losaka). It is a member of the Tetela family of Bantu languages and is closely related to Tetela, Kela, Kusu, and Yela.
Nkutu
Nkutu language
Nkọrọọ is a Niger–Congo language spoken by about 4500 ethnic Nkọrọọ in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Nkoro
Nkoroo
Nkoroo language
Nkari
Ngombale
Nalca (Naltya, Naltje) is a Papuan language of West Papua. Alternative names are Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimjal (Kimyal). The latter is also used for Korupun-Sela
Nalca
Nalca language
Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second language for another 5 million people. It also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten, while historical minorities remain in parts of France and Germany, and to a lesser extent, in Indonesia, and up to half a million native Dutch speakers may be living in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa have been standardised into Afrikaans, a mutually intelligible daughter language of Dutch which today is spoken to some degree by an estimated total of 15 to 23 million people in South Africa and Namibia.
Dutch
Niederländisch
Néerlandais
holandês
neerlandés
olandese
Dutch language
Flemish
Idioma neerlandés
Lingua olandese
Língua neerlandesa
Niederländische Sprache
néerlandais
Nyala is a Luhya dialect spoken by the Nyala tribe of the Luhya people of Busia District in Kenya. It is spoken by 35 000 people.
East Nyala
Nyala dialect
Nyala, East
Eastern Lalu
Lalu, Eastern
Gela is a Southeast Solomonic language spoken in three dialects on four islands in the central Solomon Islands. Each of the dialects is very similar, differing mainly on a small number of phonological points.
Gela
Lengua gela
Gela language
Nangalami, or Grangali, is a Dardic language of Afghanistan.
Grangali
Nangalami language
Nyali, or North Nyali, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is lexically similar to Ndaka and Budu, Mbo, and Vanuma (South Nyali).
Nyali
Nyali language
Ninia Yali
Yali, Ninia
Nihali, also known as Nahali or erroneously as Kalto, is a language isolate spoken in west-central India (in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) by around 2,000 people (in 1991) out of an ethnic population of 5,000. The Nihali tribal area is just south of the Tapti River, around the village of Tembi in Nimar district of Central Provinces during British Raj, now in Madhya Pradesh. The language has a very large number of words adopted from neighboring languages, with 60-70% apparently taken from Korku (25% of vocabulary and much of its morphology), from Dravidian languages, and from Marathi, but much of its core vocabulary cannot be related to these or other languages, such as the numerals and words for blood and egg.
Lingua nihali
Nahali
Nihali
Nihali language
Ngul
Lao Naga
Naga, Lao
Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec
Zapotec, Lapaguía-Guivini
Ngarla is a Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia.
Ngarla
Ngarla language
Awu
Nchumbulu
Orizaba Nahuatl is a native American language spoken in the southeastern Mexican state of Veracruz mostly in the area to the south of the city of Orizaba. It is also known as Orizaba Aztec and Náhuatl de la Sierra de Zongolica. It has 79 percent intelligibility with Morelos Nahuatl. There is a dialect called Ixhuatlancillo Nahuatl which is spoken in a town to the north of Orizaba. There are several primary schools and one secondary school which use this language along with Spanish.
Orizaba Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Orizaba
Walangama
Kalto or Nahali is an Indo-Aryan language of India. Kalto is the ethnonym; "Nahal" or "Nihal" is disparaging. The language is often confused with Nihali, an apparent language isolate spoken by neighboring people with a similar lifestyle.
Kalto language
Nyamal
Nalögo
Maram is a Naga language of India. The language is taught up to secondary school, and the younger generations are almost fully literate.
Maram Naga
Maram language
Naga, Maram
Northern Nisu
Nisu, Northern
Big Nambas (native name V'ənen Taut) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 1,800 people in northwest Malekula, Vanuatu. Approximately nineteen villages in the Big Nambas region of the Malekula Interior use the language exclusively with no variation in dialect. It was studied in-depth over a period of about 10 years by missionary G. J. Fox, who published a grammar and dictionary in 1979.
Big Nambas
Big Nambas language
Nambas, Big
V'ënen Taut
Ngam, or Sara Ngam, is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic.
Ngam
Ngam language
Ndumu
Mzieme is a Naga language of India. It has been called Northern Zeme due to its lack of official recognition, but is not particularly close to Zeme.
Mzieme Naga
Mzieme language
Naga, Mzieme
Tangkhul (Tangkhul Naga) is a Tibetan–Burman language of India.
Tangkhul Naga
Naga, Tangkhul (India)
Tangkhul Naga (India)
Tangkhul language
Kwasio
kwasio
Monsang Naga
Naga, Monsang
Nyam (also known as Nyambolo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in one village in Nigeria.
Nyam
Nyam language
Axi (Ahi) is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China.
Axi Yi
Axi language
Yi, Axi
Ngombe (called also Ba(n)gando-Ngombe, Ngombe-Kaka) is a language spoken by a mere 1,450 (or less, as its speakers were last tabulated in 1996) people, mostly adults, clustered around the Mambere Kadeï Prefecture in Central African Republic. Its broader connection to other Ubangian languages is unclear; it has been placed in the Baka branch, but it may be mutually intelligible with Southwest Gbaya.
Ngombe (Central African Republic)
Namakura, or Makura or Namakir, is an Oceanic language of Vanuatu.
Namakura
Namakura language
Ndemli is a language of Cameroon. Recent classifications such as Nurse (2003) place it in with the Narrow Grassfields languages, though Ethnologue does not reflect this. Ethnologue states that it is "related to Tikar" and that "the Bandobo dialect of Tikar is very similar to Ndemli", though it is not clear if Bandobo actually is Tikar.
Ndemli
Ndemli language
Manangba
Taa, also known as !Xoon or ǃXóõ, is a Khoisan language known for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. As of 2007, it was spoken by about 6,000 people. These are mainly in Botswana, but a few hundred live in Namibia. The people call themselves ǃXoon (pl. ǃXooŋake) or ‘N|ohan (pl. N|umde), depending on the dialect they speak.
Idioma ǃxóõ
Lingua !xóõ
Língua ǃxóõ
Taa
ǃXóõ
!Xóõ
Moyon Naga
Naga, Moyon
Nimanburru is a Western Nyulnyulan language formerly spoken on the eastern shore of the Dampier Peninsula in North-West Australia. There are no publications on the language, but archival records exist in the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
Nimanbur
Nimanburru language
Nambya
The Nimbari language was a member of the Leko–Nimbari group of Savanna languages. It was spoken in northern Cameroon.
Nimbari
Nimbari language
Letemboi
Namonuito
Maidu (also Northeastern Maidu, Mountain Maidu) is a severely endangered Maiduan language spoken by Maidu peoples traditionally in the mountains east and south of Lassen Peak in the American River and Feather River river drainages. These river regions include such valleys in the Northern Sierra Madre Mountains of California as Indian Valley, American Valley, Butte Valley, and Big Meadows. Maidu may also refer to the related Konkow and Nisenan languages.
Maidu
Maidu language
Maidu, Northeast
Northeast Maidu
Yir-Yoront is a Paman language spoken in two settlements, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Yir-Yoront people. As of 1991 only 15 speakers remain, with the rest of the Yir-Yoront people speaking English or even Kuuk Thaayorre as many speakers of Yir-Yoront apparently are using Kuuk Thaayorre in daily conversation. Together with Yirrk-Thangalkl it forms the group of Yir languages.
Yir Yoront
Yir-Yoront language
Ngamini
Nimoa
Nama is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Nama (Papua New Guinea)
Nama language
Namuyi
Nawdm (Naoudem), or Losso, is a Gur language of Togo. An unknown number of speakers live in Ghana.
Nawdm
Losso language
Nyangumarta is spoken by the Nyangumarta people and other Indigenous Australians in the region of Western Australia to the south and east of Lake Waukarlykarly, including Eighty Mile Beach, and part of the Great Sandy Desert inland to near Telfer.
Nyangumarta
Nyangumarta language
Nande, also known as (Oru)Ndandi and Yira, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Idioma nande
Kinande
Nande
Nande language
Nancere (Nanjeri) is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region of Chad.
Nancere
Nancere language
West Ambae
Ambae, West
Ngandyera
Ngaing
Azhe is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China.
Azhe
Azhe language
Maring Naga
Naga, Maring
The Ngiemboon language, Ngyɛmbɔɔŋ, is one of a dozen Bamileke languages spoken in Cameroon. Dialects are Batcham, Balatchi and Bamoungong
Ngiemboon
ngiemboon
Ngiemboon language
North Nuaulu
Nuaulu, North
Nyangatom (also Inyangatom, Donyiro, Dongiro, Idongiro) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in Ethiopia by the Nyangatom people. It is an oral language only, having no working orthography at present. Related languages include Toposa and Turkana, both of which have a level of mutual intelligibility.
Nyangatom
Nyangatom language
Nankina
Ntenyi, or Northern Rengma, is a Naga language, or actually languages, of Nagaland state, India.
Ntenyi language
Naga, Northern Rengma
Northern Rengma Naga
Namia (Namie, Nemia) is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. It goes by various names, such as Edawapi, Lujere, Yellow River. Language use is "vigorous" (Ethnologue).
Namia
Namia language
Ngeté (Nguetté) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad. Zime is a generic name.
Ngete
Ngete language
Nynorsk , Neo Norwegian or New Norwegian is one of two official written standards for the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. The standard language was created by Ivar Aasen during the mid-19th century, to provide a Norwegian alternative to the Danish language which was commonly written in Norway at the time.
Novo norueguês
Nynorsk
Norwegian Nynorsk
Norwegisch Nynorsk
norueguês nynorsk
norvegese nynorsk
norvégien nynorsk
nynorsk noruego
nynorsk norueguês
Wancho Naga
Naga, Wancho
Ngindo is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Ngindo
Ngindo language
Yakan is the language of Basilan Island in the Philippines. It is the only Bornean language in that country.
Yakan
Yakan language
Narangga (also Narungga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. As a result of the colonisation of Australia, the Narangga language fell into disuse within several generations. Nevertheless, Narangga continued to be documented into the 20th century and the 1980s saw a community reclamation of the Narangga language by the Aboriginal community. As a result of revival efforts, the language along with Narangga culture is now being taught around the Yorke Peninsula, from Moonta and Maitland Area Schools to Point Pearce.
Narungga
Narangga language
Ningye
Nanticoke is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken in Delaware and Maryland, United States. The same language was spoken by several neighboring tribes, including the Nanticoke, which constituted the paramount chiefdom; the Choptank, the Assateague, and probably also the Piscataway and the Doeg.
Língua nanticoke
Nanticoke
Nanticoke language
Dwang
*Nukuna, Nokunna, Noocoona, Nookoona, Nuguna, Nukana, Nukunnu, Nukunu, Njuguna *Doora *Pukunna *Tjura, Tyura *Wallaroo, Warra *Wongaidya (from wangkatya, present tense form of verb to speak)
Nugunu (Australia)
Nukunu language
Southern Nuni
Nuni, Southern
Ngong
Nyangga, also known as Yangkaal, Yanggal, and Njanggala, is an extinct Australian language once spoken in north-western Queensland. Other members of its language family include Kayardild, Lardil, and Yukulta.
Nyangga
Yangkaal
Nda'nda'
The Wounaan language, Noanamá and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with some 6000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.
Woun Meu
Wounaan
Wounaan language
Bokmål (, lit. "book language") is one of two official Norwegian written standard languages, the other being Nynorsk. Bokmål is used by 85–90% of the population in Norway, and is the standard most commonly taught to foreign students of the Norwegian language.
Bokmål
Bokmål, Norwegian
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegisch Bokmål
bokmal noruego
bokmål norueguês
norueguês bokmål
norvegese bokmal
norvégien bokmål
The Tundra Yukaghir language (also known as Northern Yukaghir; self-designation: wadul) is one of only two Yukaghir languages. Last spoken in the tundra belt extending between the lower Indigirka to the lower Kolyma basin . Formerly spoken in a much wider area extending west to the Lena basin.
Northern Yukaghir
Tundra Yukaghir language
Yukaghir, Northern
Nuk
Northern Thai, Lanna, or Kham Mueang (Northern Thai: ᨣᩴᩤᨾᩮᩥᩬᨦ , Thai: คำเมือง ) is the language of the Thai Yuan people of Lannathai, Thailand. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao. Northern Thai has approximately six million speakers, most of whom live in Thailand, with a few thousand in northwestern Laos.
Idioma tailandés septentrional
Lanna
Northern Thai
Northern Thai language
Thai, Northern
Nimadi is spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, which lies adjacent to Maharashtra and south of Malwa. The districts which speak Nimadi are: Barwani, East Nimar, West Nimar and parts of Dhar district. The famous writers of Nimari was Late Gaurishankar Sharma, lalitnarayan upadhyay etc
Nimadi
Nimadi language
Nomane
Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar), is a Turkic language spoken in southwestern Russia. Three distinct dialects are recognized: Qara-Nogay (Black or Northern Nogay), spoken in Dagestan; Nogai Proper, in Stavropol; and Aqnogay (White or Western Nogay), by the Kuban River, its tributaries in Karachay–Cherkessia, and in the Mineralnye Vody District. Qara-Nogay and Nogai Proper are very close linguistically, while Aqnogay shows more differences.
Nogai
nogai
nogaï
Idioma nogayo
Lingua nogai
Língua nogai
Nogai language
Nogaische Sprache
Nogaï
Nomu
Noiri
Nonuya
The Nooksack language (Lhéchalosem) is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Nooksack Indians of northwestern Washington State in the United States, centered in Whatcom County.
Nooksack
Nooksack language
Nomlaki
Nocamán
Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300.
Altnordisch
Nórdico antiguo
Old Norse
Vieux norrois
norse antico
norse, old
Altnordische Sprache
Lingua norrena
Língua nórdica antiga
Norse, Old
Old Norse language
norrois, vieux
nórdico antiguo
nórdico arcaico
vieux norrois
Yoke is a poorly documented language spoken by about 200 people in the north of Papua, Indonesia. The name is also spelled Yoki, Yauke, Jauke, and it is also known as Bitovondo. It was spoken in a single village in the interior until the government relocated a third of the population to a new village, Mantarbori, on the coast. In the late 19th century a word list of "Pauwi" was collected at Lake Rombebai, where the Yoke say they migrated from; this is transparently Yoke, apart from some words which do not appear in the modern language but are found in related Warembori.
Yoke
Yoke language
The Numanggang language is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Numanggang
Numanggang language
Ngongo
Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants (see Danish language).
Norvégien
Norwegian
Norwegisch
noruego
norueguês
norvegese
Idioma noruego
Lingua norvegese
Língua norueguesa
Norwegian language
Norwegische Sprache
norvégien
Eastern Nisu
Nisu, Eastern
Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Machiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Most speakers are monolingual.
Nomatsiguenga
Nomatsiguenga language
Ewage-Notu
Novial [nov- ("new") + IAL, International Auxiliary Language] is a constructed international auxiliary language (IAL) intended to facilitate international communication and friendship, without displacing anyone's native language. It was devised by Professor Otto Jespersen, a Danish linguist who was previously involved in the Ido movement, and subsequently in the development of Interlingua.
Novial
The Nyambo, or Ragwe, are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group based in the Karagwe District of Kagera Region in far northwestern Tanzania. In 2003 the Nyambo population was estimated to number 400,000 .
Nyambo
Nyambo language
The Noy Language is a nearly extinct language of Chad. It has a population of 36 people who live (or lived) in regions: Moyen-Chari and Mandoul regions, between Sarh, Djoli, Bédaya, Koumra, and Koumogo villages (Ethnologue). It is also called Loo.
Noy
Noy language
Nayi (also known as "Nao") is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in western Ethiopia. The 2007 census listed 1998 census listed 7,188 speakers; the 1998 census 3,656 speakers, with 1,137 identified as monolinguals.
Língua Nayi
Nayi
Nayi language
San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec
Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec
The Nar Phu or Nar-Phu language is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the two villages of Nar and Phu, in the Valley of the Nar Khola in the Manang district of Nepal. Phonology Vowels | class="wikitable" ! ! Front ! Back |- ! Close |align="center"| |align="center"| |- ! Close-mid |align="center"| |align="center"| |- ! Open-mid |align="center"| | |- ! Low |align="center"| |align="center"| |} Consonants | class="wikitable" !colspan="2"| ! Bilabial ! Dental ! Retroflex ! Alveolo-palatal ! Velar |- !rowspan="2"| Stop ! Unaspirated |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| | |align="center"| |- ! Aspirated |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| | |align="center"| |- !rowspan="2"| Affricate ! Unaspirated | |align="center"| | |align="center"| | |- ! Aspirated | |align="center"| | |align="center"| | |- !colspan="2"| Fricative | |align="center"| | |align="center"| | |- !colspan="2"| Nasal |align="center"| |align="center"| | |align="center"| |align="center"| |- !rowspan="2"| Lateral ! Voiced | |align="center"| | | | |- ! Voiceless | |align="center"| | | | |- !rowspan="2"| Rhotic ! Voiced | |align="center"| | | | |- ! Voiceless | |align="center"| | | | |- !colspan="2"|...
Nar Phu
Nar Phu language
Yakaikeke
Nupbikha is an East Bodish language spoken by about 2,200 people in central Bhutan.
Nupbikha
Nupbi language
Ponyo-Gongwang Naga
Naga, Ponyo-Gongwang
Phom is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Phom people of Nagaland, north-eastern India.
Phom Naga
Naga, Phom
Phom language
Nepali (individual language)
Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Southeastern Puebla
The Mondropolon language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 300 people on north-central Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. Its speakers also use Kurti. It has SVO word order.
Mondropolon
Mondropolon language
Pochuri Naga
Naga, Pochuri
Khlula is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of China.
Khlula
Khlula language
Nipsan
Puimei Naga
Naga, Puimei
Napu
Southern Nago
Nago, Southern
Kura Ede Nago
Ede Nago, Kura
Ndom is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia. It is reported to have numbers in senary (base 6). A problem from the 2007 International Linguistics Olympiad focused on this number system.
Ndom
Ndom language
Nen
N’Ko
n'ko
n’ko
N'Ko
Kyan-Karyaw Naga
Naga, Kyan-Karyaw
Akyaung Ari Naga
Naga, Akyaung Ari
Ngom is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Congo. It is used with only minor differences by the Kola/Koya Pygmies of Gabon.
Ngom
Ngom language
Kap
The Nara (Nera) or Barea (Barya) language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken chiefly in western Eritrea. The language is often confused with Kunama, which is at best only distantly related. According to Tsige Hailemichael, the "...Nara language is in danger of quickly disappearing." The name Barea is considered derogatory.
Língua nara
Nara
Nara language
The Noric language or Eastern Celtic language was a Continental Celtic language. It is attested in only two fragmentary inscriptions from the Roman province of Noricum (one in Grafenstein, Austria, the other in Ptuj, Slovenia), which do not provide enough information for any conclusions about the nature of the language to be drawn. However, the language was probably similar to the other Celtic languages near to it, such as Gaulish. Due to the scanty evidence it is unknown when it became extinct.
Idioma nórico
Língua nórica
Noric
Norique
Norische Sprache
Noric language
Rengma, or Southern Rengma, is a Naga language of Nagaland state, India.
Rengma language
Naga, Southern Rengma
Southern Rengma Naga
Narango
Chokri, or Eastern Angami, is one of three languages spoken by the Chakhesang Naga of Phek district, Nagaland state, India.
Chokri Naga
Chokri language
Naga, Chokri
Ngarluma is a Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia.
Ngarluma
Ngarluma language
Narom language (sometimes spelled Narum) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Lower Baram branch. It is spoken by some 2,420 Narom people in Sarawak, East Malaysia, and particularly in the Miri Division and the area south of Baram River mouth. The language has two dialects.
Narom
Narum
Narom language
Kua-nsi
Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Caithness. After the islands were pledged to Scotland by Norway in the 15th century, it was gradually replaced by Scots and on the mainland by Scottish Gaelic.
Idioma norn
Lingua norn
Norn
Norne
Norn language
The North Picene language is a hypothetical construct based on four inscriptions of the Italian Iron Age from the Pesaro region of northeast Italy. The total number of words is about 60. The construct is that they represent a single extinct language, North Picene, that is not related to any other known language (and is therefore a language isolate), despite its geographic proximity to the speakers of South Picene.
Idioma piceno septentrional
Lingua picena settentrionale
Nord-Pikenische Sprache
Nord-picène
North Picene
North Picene language
Picene, North
Nora
Norra
Northern Kalapuyan is a Kalapuyan language indigenous to northwestern Oregon in the United States. It was spoken by Kalapuya groups in the northern Willamette Valley southwest of present-day Portland.
Kalapuya du Nord
Northern Kalapuya
Kalapuya, Northern
Northern Kalapuya language
Narua
The Ngumbur language is an Australian language isolate spoken by just one person in Arnhem Land, northern Australia, as of 1981. By 2009 Ethnologue reported that it was extinct.
Ngurmbur
Ngurmbur language
Lala
Yasa (Yassa) is a Bantu language of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea by Ndowe coastal fishing people. It is also spoken by Pygmies, perhaps Babongo, in Gabon.
Yasa
Yasa language
Sangtam is a Naga language of northeast India.
Sangtam Naga
Naga, Sangtam
Sangtam language
Nshi
Southern Nisu
Nisu, Southern
:Not to be confused with the Senga language once classified as a dialect of Tumbuka Nsenga, also known as Senga, is a Bantu language of Zambia and Mozambique. Associated with an area on a plateau that forms a watershed between the Zambezi and Luangwa river systems, it has been assigned to a "Maravi" group, celebrating the ancient Empire of this region, and Lake Malawi. . A little vocabulary: angataike - shall not die; Mlungu - God; moyo - life; mwana wake - his son; wonse everyone; wosasila - everlasting. J.A.Biddulph (talk) 19:18, 23 January 2012 (UTC)
Nsenga
Nsenga language
Northwestern Nisu
Nisu, Northwestern
Ongamo, or Ngasa, is an endangered or extinct Eastern Nilotic language of the Ngasa people of Tanzania. It is related to the Maa languages, but it is more distantly related to them than the Maa languages are to each other. Ongamo has 60% of lexical similarity with Maasai, 59% with Samburu, 58% with Camus. Many of its speakers have shifted to Chagga, a dominant regional Bantu language.
Ngasa
Ongamo
Ngasa language
Ngoshie
Nigerian Sign Language
Naskapi (also known as Iyuw Imuun in the Naskapi language) is an Algonquian language spoken by the Naskapi in Quebec and Labrador, Canada. It is written in Eastern Cree syllabics.
Naskapi
Naskapi language
Norwegian Sign Language
Sema, or Sumi, is a Naga language of Nagaland state, India. It is spoken by the Sumi Naga people.
Sumi Naga
Naga, Sumi
Sema language
Nehan
Yekora
Northern Sotho is a designation in English, rendered officially and among indigenous speakers as Sesotho sa Leboa. Also confusingly known by the name of its major variety, "Pedi" or "sePedi", Northern Sotho is a designated official language of South Africa, spoken by 4,208,980 people (2001 Census) in the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
Nord-Sotho
Pedi
SeSotho do norte
pedi
sotho del nord
sotho septentrional
Idioma sesotho sa leboa
Lingua sotho del nord
Nord-Sotho-Sprache
Northern Sotho
Northern Sotho language
Sepedi
Sotho du Nord
Sotho, Northern
sotho du Nord
soto setentrional
Nepali Sign Language is the main deaf sign language of Nepal.
Língua de Sinais do Nepal
Nepalese Sign Language
Northern Sierra Miwok
Miwok, Northern Sierra
Maritime Sign Language (MSL), is a sign language, derived from British Sign Language, formerly used in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is still remembered by some elderly people, and as of 2009 had approximately 100 signers, but is effectively extinct.
Língua Gestual das Províncias Marítimas
Maritime Sign Language
Nali
Tangsa, also Tase and Tase Naga, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Tangsa people of Burma and north-eastern India.
Tase Naga
Naga, Tase
Tangsa language
Sierra Negra Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Sierra Negra
Kathu
Southwestern Nisu
Nisu, Southwestern
Navut
:Not to be confused with the Songo (Nsong, Ntsuo) variety of Yansi. Songo (Nsongo) is a Bantu language of Angola. It is similar to North Mbundu, and is often considered a dialect of that language. However, this may be a regional influence; it's been proposed that Nsongo is closest to the Teke languages and their relatives (Nurse 2003).
Nsongo
Nsongo language
Nasal
Nisenan (or alternatively, Southern Maidu, Neeshenam, Nishinam, Pujuni, or Wapumni) is a nearly extinct Maiduan language spoken by the Nisenan (or Southern Maidu, etc. as above) people of central California in the foothills of the Sierras, in the whole of the American, Bear and Yuba river drainages.
Nisenan
Nisenan language
Nathembo
Ngantangarra
Kuamasi
Natioro
Ngaanyatjarra (also Nyanganyatjara, Ngaanyatjara, Ngaanjatjarra) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Wati languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It is one of the dialects of the Western Desert Language and is very similar to its close neighbour Ngaatjatjarra, with which it is highly mutually intelligible.
Ngaanyatjarra
Ngaanyatjarra language
Ikoma-Nata-Isenye
Nateni (Natemba) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Benin. It is named after its principal dialect; the others are Tayari (Tayaba), Kunteni (Kuntemba), Okoni (Okoma).
Nateni
Nateni language
Ntomba
Northern Tepehuan
Tepehuan, Northern
Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec
Zapotec, Santa Catarina Albarradas
Delo, or Ntribu, is a Gur language spoken in Ghana and Togo.
Delo
Delo language
Yakoma
Natagaimas is an extinct unclassified language of Colombia.
Natagaimas
Natagaimas language
Natügu
Nottoway
Naga, Tangkhul (Myanmar)
Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)
Mantsi
Natanzi
Yuaga
Yuanga
Yaul is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Yaul
Yaul language
Nukuini
Ngala
Ngundu
Nusu
Nungali is an Australian language which is believed to be extinct. It was spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia, around the upper Daly River.
Nungali
Nungali language
Ndunda
The Kombe language, or Ngumbi, is a West Bantu family language spoken by the Combe people of Equatorial Guinea, one of the Ndowe peoples of the coast. It may actually be a dialect of the Yasa language.
Ngumbi
Kombe language
Nyole (also LoNyole, Lunyole, Nyuli) is Luhya dialect spoken by 341 000 people in Tororo District, Uganda near Lake Kyoga. There is 61% lexical similarity with a related but different Nyole dialect in Kenya.
Nyole
Nyole dialect
Nuu-chah-nulth (also called Nootka, and Taataaqsapa) is a Wakashan language spoken in the Pacific Northwest of North America, on the west coast of Vancouver Island from Barkley Sound to Quatsino Sound in British Columbia, by the Nuu-chah-nulth people. Nuu-chah-nulth is a Southern Wakashan language related to Nitinaht and Makah.
Língua Nuu-chah-nulth
Nuuchahnulth
Nuu-chah-nulth
Nuu-chah-nulth language
Nusa Laut
Niuafoouan is the language spoken on Tonga's northernmost island, Niuafoou.
Niuafo'ou
Niuafo'ouanische Sprache
Niuafo'ou language
Yaleba
Nung, or Anung , is a Tibeto-Burman language used by the Nung people. It is very close to the Derung language. Most of the Nung people in China have shifted to Lisu.
Anong
Nung language
Nguồn (also Năm Nguyên) is a Vietic language spoken by the Nguồn people in the Trường Sơn mountains in Vietnam's North Central Coast as well as in nearby regions of Laos.
Nguôn
Nguồn language
The Nupe language (Nufawa, Nupeci, Nupecidji, Nupenchi, Nupencizi) is spoken primarily by the Nupe people of the Middle Belt region of Nigeria; its geographical distribution is limited to the west-central portion of this region and maintains pre-eminence in Niger State.
Nupe
Nupe language
Nupe-Nupe-Tako
Nukumanu
Nukuria
The Nuer language is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Western Nilotic group. It is spoken by the Nuer people of South Sudan and in western Ethiopia. Nuer is one of eastern and central Africa's most widely spoken languages. The Nuer nation is one of the largest in South Sudan.
Nuer
nuer
Língua nuer
Nuer language
Nung (Nùng in Vietnamese) is a Tai–Kadai language spoken mostly in Cao Bằng, and Lang Son provinces in Vietnam. It is also known as Bu-Nong, Highland Nung, Nong, Tai Nung, Tay, and Tày Nùng. It should be confused with neither the Tibeto-Burman language also called Nung, nor with Yue Chinese or various closely related Zhuang languages, which are also called Nung.
Nung
Nung (Viet Nam)
The Yélî Dnye language, also known as Yele, is the language of Rossel island, the easternmost island in the Louisiade Archipelago off the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea. For now it is best considered a language isolate, but it may turn out to be related to the Anêm and Ata language isolates of New Britain in a tentative Yele – West New Britain family. There are about 3750 speakers of which 400 are monoligual.
Idioma yélî dnye
Yele
Yélî Dnye
Yélî Dnye language
Ngbundu is a minor Ubangian language (Banda) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ngbundu
Ngbundu language
Northern Nuni
Nuni, Northern
Nguluwan
Mehek is a Tama language spoken by about 6300 people in a somewhat mountainous area along the southern base of the Torricelli Mountains in northwestern Papua New Guinea. Mehek is spoken in six villages of Sandaun Province: Nuku, Yiminum, Mansuku, Yifkindu, Wilwil, and Kafle. Mehek is most closely related to Pahi, with 51% lexical similarity, and spoken approximately 20 kilometers to the southwest. Mehek is a fairly typical Papuan language, being verb-final, having a relatively simple phonology, and agglutinative morphology. There is very little published information about Mehek. The literacy rate in Tok Pisin, spoken by nearly everyone, is 50-75%. Mehek is not written, so there is no literacy in Mehek. Tok Pisin is primarily used in the schools, with 50% children attending.
Mehek
Mehek language
Nunggubuyu or Wubuy is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Nunggubuyu people. It is the primary language of the community of Numbulwar in the Northern Territory.
Lingua nunggubuyu
Nunggubuyu
Nunggubuyu language
Tlamacazapa Nahuatl
Nahuatl, Tlamacazapa
Nasarian
Namiae
Nyokon
Nawathinehena is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken among the Arapaho people. It had a phonological development quite different from either Gros Ventre or Arapaho proper. It has been identified as the former language of the Southern Arapaho, who switched to speaking Arapaho proper in the 19th century. However, the language is not well attested, being documented only in a vocabulary collected in 1899 by Alfred L. Kroeber from the Oklahoma Arapaho. Among its divergent features is the appearance of Proto-Algonquian as .
Nawathinehena
Nawathinehena language
The Nyabwa (or Nyaboa) language is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast. It is part of the Wee dialect continuum.
Nyabwa
Nyabwa language
Classical Nepal Bhasa (Nepal Bhasa:पुलां भाय्, Classical Nepal Bhasa:पुलाङु नेपाल भाय्), or Old Nepal Bhasa is the pre-1850 literary form of Nepal Bhasa. This language has evolved to form Nepal Bhasa. It is an important source language for historians and philologists.
Alt-Newari
Old Newari
newari classico
newari classique
newari clásico
newari clássico
Classical Nepal Bhasa
Classical Newari
Nepal Bhasa, Classical
Newari, Classical
Newari, Old
newarî classique
Ngwe (Ŋwe) is a Niger–Congo language that is spoken in Cameroon. As of 2001, Ngwe had 73,200 speakers, which was an increase from the numbers of previous censuses. It is part of the Bamileke dialect continuum, and its closest relatives are Yemba and Ngiemboon.
Ngwe
Ngwe language
Ngayawung (Ngaiawong) in an extinct language of southern South Australia. Dixon considers it an isolate.
Ngayawung
Ngayawung language
Yelogu
Southwest Tanna
Tanna, Southwest
Nyamusa-Molo
Nauo (also recorded as Nawo, Njao, and other variations) is an extinct and little-recorded Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken by the Nauo people on the southern part of the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Tindale in 1974 considered the language extinct by the time of linguistic investigations done to determine Nauo's status in the 1930s.
Nauo
Nauo language
Nawaru
Middle Newar
Newar, Middle
Nottoway-Meherrin
Nauete
Angguruk Yali
Yali, Angguruk
Ngando is a Bantu language spoken by the Ngando people in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with a population of 220,000 in 1995.
Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Ngando language
Nage
Ngadha or Ngada is an undocumented Austronesian language, one of six languages spoken in the central stretch of the Indonesian island of Flores. From west to east these languages are: Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, and Palue.
Ngad'a
Ngada
Ngadha
Ngadha language
Nindi
Koki Naga
Naga, Koki
South Nuaulu
Nuaulu, South
Numidian
Ngawun is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Ngawun people. The last speaker of the language was Cherry O'Keefe (or Tjapun in the language) who died of pneumonia on 24 August, 1977.
Ngawun
Ngawun language
Yil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Yil
Yil language
Ninggerum
Narau
Nafri is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.
Nafri
Nafri language
Chewa, also known as Nyanja, is a language of the Bantu language family. The gender prefix chi- is used for languages, so the language is also known as Chichewa and Chinyanja.
Chewa
Chichewa
nianja
nyanja
Chewa language
Idioma chichewa
Lingua chichewa
Língua nianja
Nyanja
Nyanja-Sprache
chichewa
Nyangbo
Nyanga-li
Nyole (also Olunyole, Lunyole, Lunyore, Nyoole, Nyore, Olunyore) is Luhya dialect spoken by 120 000 people in Kenya in Vihiga District. There is 61% lexical similarity with a related but different Nyole dialect in Uganda.
Nyore
Olunyole
Nyengo
Giryama
Kigiryama
Nyindu
Limi
Nyikina (also Nyigina, Njigina) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia, spoken by the Nyigina people.
Nyigina
Nyigina language
Nyimang, also known as Ama, is an East Sudanic language spoken in the Nuba Mountains.
Ama (Sudan)
Nyimang language
The Nyanga language (native name Kinyanga) is a language spoken by the Nyanga people in Kivu province, north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Speaker estimates range from 27,000 (Biebuyck & Matheene 1970) to 150,000 (1994 census). Many of the Nyanga speak Congo Swahili, the dominant regional lingua franca, as a second language. Nyanga is a Bantu language. Most of the (scarce) linguistic research conducted on Nyanga has been based on the materials published by Biebuyck and Mateene.
Nyanga
Nyanga language
Nyaneka is a Bantu language of Angola. The Ngambwe "dialect" is now considered a distinct language.
Nyaneka
Nyaneka language
Nyeu
Nyamwezi (Swahili for of the Moon) is a major Bantu language of central Tanzania. It forms a dialect continuum with Sukuma, but is more distinct from other neighboring languages.
Nyamwezi
Nyamwezi-Sprache
nyamwezi
Nyamwezi language
Loxicha Zapotec
Zapotec, Loxicha
Nkore (also called Nyankore, Nyankole, Nkole, Orunyankore, Orunyankole, Runyankore or Runyankole) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore (Banyankore) and Hema (Hima) peoples of Southwestern Uganda in the former province of Ankole.
Nyankole
nyankole
nyankolé
Língua runyankole
Nkore language
Runyankole
Langnian Buyang
Buyang, Langnian
The Nyoro language (autonym: Runyoro) is a local language of the Nyoro people of Uganda. It belongs to the Niger–Congo family, Benue–Congo subgroup, Bantu branch (Nyoro–Ganda group). Its Ethnologue code is NYR, ISO 639-2: nyo. It probably has two dialects: Orunyoro (Nyoro proper) and Rutagwenda. A standardized orthography was established in 1947.
Nyoro
nyoro
Nyoro language
The Nyangia language, also spelled Gyangiya, Ngangea, Ngiangeya, Nuangeya, Nyangeya, Nyang'i, Nyangiya, Nyuangia and also known as Poren (Ngapore, Niporen, Nipori, Upale), is the extinct Kuliak language of the Nyangea hunter-gatherers of northeastern Uganda. The 15,000 Nyangia have shifted to speaking Karamojong.
Nyang'i
Nyangia language
Nayini
Nyiha (Malawi)
Nyunga
Noongar language
Nyawaygi
Nyungwe (Cinyungwe) is a Bantu language of Mozambique. It is used as a trade language.
Nyungwe
Nyungwe language
Nyulnyul is an extinct Australian Aboriginal dialect, formerly spoken by the Nyulnyul people of Western Australia.
Nyulnyul
Nyulnyul language
Naluo Yi
Yi, Naluo
The Nyaw or Tai Nyaw (Thai/Isan: ไทญ้อ ) are an ethnic group of Thailand and Laos, scattered throughout the provinces of Isan such as Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and parts of areas of Bolikhamxai and Khammouan provinces of Laos. They are also referred to as simply Nyaw or Yaw, depending on either the Lao, Isan, and Nyaw pronunciation, which all pronounce the initial consonant as , or the Thai pronunciation, which pronounces the initial consonant as .
Nyaw
Nyaw people
Nganyaywana
Nyakyusa, or Nyakyusa–Ngonde, is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi spoken by the Nyakyusa people around the northern end of Lake Malawi. There is no single name for the language as a whole; dialects are Nyakyusa, Ngonde, and Sukwa of Tanzania and Malawi, plus Kukwe, Mwamba (Lungulu), and Selya (Salya, Seria) of Tanzania. Disregarding the Bantu language prefixes Iki- and Ki-, the language is also known as Konde ~ Nkhonde, Mombe, Nyekyosa ~ Nyikyusa, and Sochile ~ Sokili.
Nyakyusa-Ngonde
Nyakyusa language
Mbembe, or more specifically Tigon Mbembe, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon and Nigeria.
Mbembe tigon
Tigon Mbembe
Tigon-Mbembe
Mbembe, Tigon
Tigon language
Nzebi (Njabi) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.
Njebi
Njebi language
Nzema (Nzima), also known as Appolo, is a Central Tano language spoken by the Nzema people of southwestern Ghana and southeast Côte d'Ivoire. It shares 60% intelligibility with Jwira-Pepesa and is close to Baoule.
Nzema
Nzima
nzema
nzima
Idioma nzema
Nzema language
Nzakara (Ansakara, N’sakara, Sakara, Zakara) is an Ubangian language spoken in eastern Central African Republic, spilling over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Nzakara
Nzakara language
Zeme Naga
Naga, Zeme
Yalarnnga (also Jalarnnga, Yalarrnnga, or Yalanga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, and is closely related to the Kalkatungu language. It was formerly spoken in areas near the town of Dajarra, in far northwestern Queensland. The last native speaker died in 1980.
Yalarnnga
Yalarnnga language
New Zealand Sign Language or NZSL is the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand. It became an official language of New Zealand in April 2006, alongside Te Reo Māori.
Langue des signes néo-zélandaise
Lingua dei segni neozelandese
Língua de sinais da Nova Zelândia
Neuseeländische Gebärdensprache
New Zealand Sign Language
Teke-Nzikou
Nzakambay, or Nzakambay Mbum, is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon.
Nzakambay
Nzakambay language
Naŋa dama, also known as Naŋa tegu, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali that is only known from one report from 1953. Roger Blench reports that its nearest relative is the recently described Walo–Kumbe Dogon, "with which it shares both lexicon and the feature that many nouns have a final -m." Hochstetler thinks they may be the same language. It may be close to Yanda Dogon (Blench) or Jamsai tegu (Hochstetler).
Nanga Dogon
Dogon, Nanga Dama
Nanga Dama Dogon
:Not to be confused with the Oroch language. Orok is the Russian name for the language known by its speakers as Ulta or Ujlta. Similarly, the people are called Oroks or Ulta. It is counted among the Tungusic languages. The language is spoken in the Poronaysky and Nogliksky Administrative Divisions of Sakhalin Oblast, in the Russian Federation.
Orok
Orok language
:Not to be confused with the Orok language. The Oroch language is spoken by the Oroch people in Siberia. It is a member of the southern group of the Tungusic languages and is closely related to the Nanai language and Udege language. It is spoken in the Khabarovsk Krai (Komsomolsky, Sovetskaya Gavan and Ulchsky districts). The number of speakers of the Oroch language is 257 people, according to the Russian Census (2002), though this is regarded as an overestimation and the real number probably does not exceed 160 speakers. The language is split into three dialects: Tumninsky(?), Khadinsky(?) and Hungarisky(?). At the beginning of the 21st century, a written form of the language was created.
Oroch
Orotche
Orotschische Sprache
Oroch language
Fitzmyer proposes recognizing five phases in the development of Aramaic. 1. Old Aramaic – from cca. 925 to 700 BCE Includes numerous small inscriptions and fragments of three Sefire steles.
Old Aramaic
Ancient Aramaic
Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)
Aramaic, Ancient (up to 700 BCE)
Aramaic, Old (up to 700 BCE)
Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)
Old Aramaic language
Old Avar
Avar, Old
Obispeño (also known as Northern Chumash) was one of the Chumash Native American languages previously spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California. The primary source of documentation on the language is from the work of linguist J. P. Harrington.
Obispeño
Obispeño language
Southern Bontok
Bontok, Southern
Oblo is a poorly attested, unclassified, and possibly extinct language of northern Cameroon. It was assumed to be one of the Adamawa languages, but hasn't been included in recent classifications.
Oblo
Oblo language
Aribwaung
The Moabite language is an extinct Canaanite language, spoken in Moab (modern day central-western Jordan) in the early first millennium BC. It was written using a variant of the Phoenician alphabet.
Moabite
Moabitische Sprache
Moabite language
Obo Manobo
Manobo, Obo
Old Burmese is the language attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history. The earliest monument in Old Burmese is the Old Burmese face of the Myazedi inscription.
Old Burmese
Burmese, Old
Old Breton
Breton, Old
Obulom
Ocaina is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America.
Ocaina
Ocaina language
Old Chinese , also called Archaic Chinese in older works, refers to the form of Chinese spoken from the beginning of written records (around 1200 BC) until the 3rd century BC. The earliest inscriptions are undoubtedly Chinese, but are limited in scope and not fully understood.
Altchinesische Sprache
Chinois archaïque
Chinês antigo
Cinese antico
Old Chinese
Chinese, Old
Nyelâyu
Nyâlayu
Occitan (, or ), known also as Lenga dòc (; ), is a Romance language spoken in southern France, Italys Occitan Valleys, Monaco, and Spains Val dAran: the regions sometimes known unofficially as Occitania. It is also spoken in the linguistic enclave of Guardia Piemontese (Calabria, Italy). It is an official language in Catalonia, Spain (known as Aranese in Val dAran). Occitans closest relative is Catalan. Since September 2010, the Parliament of Catalonia has considered Aranese Occitan to be the officially preferred language for use in the Val d'Aran. The term Provençal (Occitan: provençal, provençau or prouvençau, ) may be used as a traditional synonym for Occitan but, nowadays, “Provençal” is mainly understood as an Occitan dialect spoken in Provence.
Occitan
Okzitanisch
occitan
occitano
provençal
Idioma occitano
Lingua occitana
Língua occitana
Occitan (post 1500)
Occitan language
Okzitanische Sprache
occitan (après 1500)
occitânico
Old Cornish
Cornish, Old
Atzingo Matlatzinca
Matlatzinca, Atzingo
Odut
In linguistics, Old Dutch (or Old West Low Franconian) denotes the forms of West Franconian spoken and written in the Netherlands and present-day northern Belgium during the Early Middle Ages. It is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. It evolved from Old Frankish around the 6th century and in turn evolved into Middle Dutch around the 12th century.
Altniederländisch
Antico olandese
Old Dutch
Vieux néerlandais
Dutch, Old
Onu Odual (the Odual language) is a poorly studied Central Delta language spoken by the Odual community in the Abua–Odual Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The Odual community is divided into three major groups, Adibaam, Arughunya and Abureni groups. The Adibaam group comprises Adada, Emelego, Ogboloma and Okolomade; the Arughunya group comprises Ekunuga, Anyu, Emaarikpoko, Obedum and Odau, while the Abureni group comprises Akani, Amuruto and Emago-Kugbo (cf. Gardner et al. 1974 and Comson 1987). Comson (1987: viii), citing the Rivers State of Nigeria Ministry of Economic Development and planning (1983), puts the population of Odual at 30,028.
Odual
Odual language
The Ofo language was a language spoken by the Mosopelea tribe who lived until c. 1673 in what is now Ohio along the Ohio River, at which time they moved down the Mississippi River to Mississippi, near the Natchez, and thence to Louisiana, near the Tunica.
Ofo
Ofo language
Yambes
Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Weser on the European North Sea coast. The Frisian settlers on the coast of South Jutland (today's Northern Friesland) also spoke Old Frisian but no medieval texts of this area are known. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region between the Zuiderzee and Ems River (the Frisians famously mentioned by Tacitus) is attested in only a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian, spoken from the 16th to the 19th century.
Altfriesische Sprache
Antico frisone
Frisón antiguo
Old Frisian
Vieux frison
Frisian, Old
Efutop (Ofutop) is an Ekoid language of Nigeria.
Efutop
Efutop language
Ogbia is the most populous of the Central Delta languages of Nigeria, with over a quarter million speakers.
Ogbia
Ogbia language
Ogba (also Oba, Ogbah) is a language of the Ogba people of Nigeria. It is an Igboid language.
Ogba
Ogbah
Ogba language
Old Georgian (, enay kartuli, meaning the language of the Karts) was the language of the ancient kingdom of Georgia in the Caucasus.
Altgeorgische Sprache
Old Georgian
Georgian, Old
Old Georgian language
Ogbogolo (Obogolo) is a Central Delta language of Nigeria.
Ogbogolo
Ogbogolo language
Khana (Kana), or Ogoni proper, is the prestige variety of the Ogoni languages. It is the lingua franca of speakers of the East Ogoni languages.
Khana
Khana language
Southern Muji
Muji, Southern
Ogbronuagum, also called Bukuma after the village in which it is spoken, is a Central Delta language of Nigeria.
Ogbronuagum
Ogbronuagum language
Old Hittite
Hittite, Old
Hungarian is an Ugric language. It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Magyar invasion of Pannonia in the late 9th century.
Histoire du hongrois
Old Hungarian
History of the Hungarian language
Hungarian, Old
Oirata (also known as Maaro) is a Papuan language spoken on the island of Kisar in Indonesia, and in Ambon. It is sometimes considered a dialect of the Fataluku language spoken in East Timor, as the two languages are closely related. According to Ethnologue, there were 1,200 speakers in 1987.
Oirata
Oirata language
Inebu One
One, Inebu
Northwestern Ojibwe (also known as Northern Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwe is a member of the Algonquian language family.
Northwestern Ojibwa
Ojibwa, Northwestern
Central Ojibwa (also known as Central Ojibwe, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is an Algonquian language spoken in Ontario, Canada from Lake Nipigon in the west to Lake Nipissing in the east.
Central Ojibwa
Central Ojibwa language
Ojibwa, Central
Eastern Ojibwe (also known as Ojibway, Ojibwa) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken north of Lake Ontario and east of Georgian Bay in Ontario, Canada. Eastern Ojibwe-speaking communities include Rama and Curve Lake. Ojibwe is an Algonquian language.
Eastern Ojibwa
Eastern Ojibwa language
Ojibwa, Eastern
Muda
Ojibwe (or Ojibwa, Ojibway, or Chippewa), also called Anishinaabemowin, is an indigenous language of the Algonquian language family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of dialects that have local names and frequently local (non-indigenous) writing systems. There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects. The relative autonomy of the regional dialects of Ojibwe is associated with an absence of linguistic or political unity among Ojibwe-speaking groups.
Ojibwa
Ojibwe
ojibwa
Idioma ojibwa
Língua ojíbua
Ojibwa-Sprache
Ojibwe language
Ojibwé
Ancien japonais
Klassischjapanische Sprache
Lingua giapponese tardoantica
Língua japonesa antiga tardia
Old Japanese
Early Middle Japanese
Japanese, Old
Late Old Japanese
The Severn Ojibwa or the Oji-Cree language (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓂᓃᒧᐏᐣ, Anishininiimowin; Unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᒧᐏᐣ) is the indigenous name for a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of Oji-Cree communities in northern Ontario and at Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwa is a member of the Algonquian language family, itself a member of the Algic language family.
Severn Ojibwa
Oji-Cree language
Ojibwa, Severn
Ontong Java
Western Ojibwa (also known as Nakawēmowin, Saulteaux, Plains Ojibway, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, a member of the Algonquian language family. It is spoken by the Saulteaux, a sub-Nation of the Ojibwe people, in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada westward from Lake Winnipeg. Saulteaux is the general term used in English for the name of the language by its speakers. Nakawēmowin is the general term in the language itself.
Saulteaux
Western Ojibwa
Ojibwa, Western
Western Ojibwa language
Colville-Okanagan is a Salish language which arose among the inhabitants of the Okanagan River Basin and spread into the Columbia River Basin. Following British, American, and Canadian colonization during the 1800s and the subsequent repression of all Salishan languages, the use of Colville-Okanagan declined drastically. Colville-Okanagan is highly endangered and is rarely learned as either a first or second language. There are about 150 deeply fluent speakers of Colville-Okanagan Salish, the majority of whom live in British Columbia. The language is currently moribund and has no fluent speakers younger than 50 years of age. Colville-Okanagan is the second most spoken Salish language after Shuswap.
Colville-okanagan
Okanagan
Colville-Okanagan language
Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec
Zapotec, Quioquitani-Quierí
Okobo is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.
Okobo
Okobo language
Yameo is an extinct language from Peba–Yaguan language family that was formerly spoken in Peru. It was spoken along the banks of the Amazon River from the Tigre River to the Nanay River.
Yameo
Yameo language
Okodia (Okordia), or Akita, is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria. According to Ethnologue, it is not fully intelligible with other varieties of Inland Ijaw.
Okodia
Okodia language
Okpe
Okpe (Southwestern Edo)
Koko Babangk
Koresh-e Rostam
Ogiek (also known as Okiek or Akiek; pronounced ) is a Southern Nilotic language cluster of the Kalenjin family spoken or once spoken by the Ogiek peoples, scattered groups of hunter-gatherers in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania. Most if not all Ogiek speakers have assimilated to cultures of surrounding peoples: the Akiek in northern Tanzania now speak Maasai and the Akiek of Kinare, Kenya now speak Gikuyu. Ndorobo is a term considered derogatory, occasionally used to refer to various groups of hunter-gatherers in this area, including the Ogiek.
Okiek
Ogiek language
The Juwoi language, Oko-Juwoi (also Junoi), is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman.
Oko-Juwoi
Oko-Juwoi language
Kwamtim One
One, Kwamtim
Old Kent Sign Language (OKSL), also known as Old Kentish Sign Language, is an extinct deaf sign language thought to have existed in Kent in the United Kingdom, but now superseded by British Sign Language.
Old Kent Sign Language
Kentish Sign Language, Old
Old Kentish Sign Language
Middle Korean
Korean, Middle (10th-16th cent.)
Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)
Oki-No-Erabu
The Silla language, or Sillan, was spoken in the ancient kingdom of Silla (57 BCE – 935 CE), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Old Korean
Korean, Old (3rd-9th cent.)
Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)
Sillan language
Kirike
Yamongeri
Oko-Eni-Osayen
Oku (Ebkuo, Ekpwo, Ukfwo, Bvukoo, Kuɔ) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.
Oku
Oku language
Orokaiva
Okpe (Northwestern Edo)
Walungge
The Old Moshi language, Kimochi, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken by approximately 600,000 Chaga people. It is the prestige variety of the Chaga languages.
Mochi
Moshi language
Olekha, also called the Black Mountain Monpa language, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 1,000 people in the Black Mountains of the Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa Districts in western Bhutan. The term Ole refers to a clan of speakers.
Olekha
'Olekha
Mili
Olkol
Oloma
Livvi-Karelian (Alternate names: Livvi, Livvikovian, Livvikovskij Jazyk, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family. spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
Lingua livvi
Livvi
Olonetzische Sprache
Livvi-Karelian language
Olrat
Omaha–Ponca is a Siouan language spoken by the Omaha (Umoⁿhoⁿ) people of Nebraska and the Ponca (Paⁿka) people of Oklahoma and Nebraska. There are today only 60 speakers of Omaha, and 25 fluent speakers, all over 60; and a handful of semi-fluent speakers of Ponca. The two dialects differ minimally but are considered distinct languages by their speakers.
Idioma omaha
Omaha-Ponca
Omaha-ponca
Omaha–Ponca language
East Ambae (also known as Omba, Oba, Aoba, Walurigi, Lolovoli, Northeast Aoba, and Northeast Ambae) is an Oceanic language spoken on Ambae, Vanuatu. The data in this article will concern itself with the Lolovoli dialect of the North-East Ambae language.
Ambae de l'Est
East Ambae
Ambae, East
East Ambae language
Mochica (also Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Muchic, Mochika, Muchik, Chimu) is a Chimuan language formerly spoken along the northwest coast of Peru and in an inland village. First documented in 1607, the language was widely spoken in the area during the 17th and early 18th century. By the end of the 19th century the language was dying out and spoken only by a few people in the villages around Chiclayo. It died out as a spoken language around 1920, but certain words and phrases continued to be used up until the 1960s.
Idioma mochica
Língua mochica
Mochica
Muchik
Mochica language
Moji
Omejes
Omagua
Omi is a Central Sudanic language, spoken in the Aru Territory in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between the two rivers Nzoro and Lowa. It was once considered a dialect of the Keliko language, but requires separate literature.
Omi
Omi language
Omok
Ombo
Minoan
Osum Utarmbung is a divergent Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea.
Utarmbung
Utarmbung language
Makwe
Old Manipuri
Manipuri, Old
Old Marathi
Marathi, Old
Omotik is a Nilotic language of the Southern group. It is spoken by the hunter-gatherer Omotik people of the Great Rift Valley of Kenya among the Maasai; most of the Omotik population has shifted to the Maasai language.
Omotik
Omotik language
Omurano is an unclassified extinct language from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna.
Idioma omurano
Omurana
Omurano
Omurano language
South Tairora
Tairora, South
Old Mon
Mon, Old
Ona (Aona), also known as Selk'nam (Shelknam), is a language that was once spoken by the Selknam people in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in southernmost South America. there were 1-3 speakers left. 2000 estimates place it as "probably extinct."
Idioma selk'nam
Ona
Selknam
Ona language
Iamalele
Ong Be , also known as Bê, or Vo Limgao (臨高, Lin'gao) in Chinese, is a language spoken by 600,000 people, 100,000 of them monolingual, on the north-central coast of Hainan Island, including the suburbs of the provincial capital Haikou. The language is taught in primary schools and broadcast on the radio. Ong Be is a Tai–Kadai language, but it has no close relatives and its relationship within that family has not been determined.
Lingao
Ong Be language
Oneida is an Iroquoian language spoken primarily by the Oneida people in the U.S. states of New York and Wisconsin, and the Canadian province of Ontario. There are an estimated 160 native speakers left. Language revitalization efforts are in progress. The number of speakers in the Green Bay area who learned the language as infants may be as low as six.
Oneida
Oneida language
Olo (Orlei) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Olo
Olo language
Onin
Onjob
Kabore One
One, Kabore
Onobasulu
Maay Maay (also known as Af Maay, Afmaay, Af-May arti, Af-May, Af-Maymay, Rahanween, Rahanweyn) is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family and is written using the Latin script. It is spoken mostly in Somalia and adjacent parts of Ethiopia and Kenya. Its speakers are known as Sab Somalis. The center of the language is around Baidoa.
Maay
Maay language
Onondaga Nation Language ( , "Onondaga is our language") is the language of the Onondaga First Nation, one of the original five constituent tribes of the League of the Iroquois (Hodenosaunee).
Onondaga
Onondaga language
Sartang
Northern One
One, Northern
Ono
Ontenu
Unua
Old Nubian is an ancient variety of Nubian, attested in writing from the 8th to the 15th century (the most recent known text was written in 1485). It is ancestral to modern-day Nobiin and related to other Nubian languages such as Dongolawi. It was used throughout the medieval Christian kingdom of Makuria and its satellite Nobadia. The language is preserved in at least a hundred pages of documents, mostly of a religious nature, written using a modified form of the Coptic script; the best known is The Martyrdom of Saint Menas.
Altnubische Sprache
Ancien nubien
Old Nubian
Nubian, Old
Old Nubian language
Onin Based Pidgin
Oodham (pronounced ) is an Uto-Aztecan language of southern Arizona and northern Sonora where the Tohono Oodham (formerly called the Papago) and Pima reside. As of the year 2000, there were estimated to be approximately 9750 speakers in the United States and Mexico combined, although there may be more due to underreporting. It is the 10th most-spoken indigenous language in the United States, the 3rd most-spoken indigenous language in Arizona after Apache and Navajo. It is the 3rd most-spoken language in Pinal County and the 4th most-spoken language in Pima County. Approximately 8% of Oodham speakers in the US speak English "not well" or "not at all", according to results of the 2000 Census. Approximately 13% of Oodham speakers in the US were between the ages of 5 and 17, and among the younger O'odham speakers, approximately 4% were reported as speaking English "not well" or "not at all".
Idioma o'odham
O'odham
Tohono O'odham
O'odham language
Ong
The Onge or Öñge language (; variously spelled Ongee, Eng, or Ung) is a language spoken by the Onge people in Little Andaman Island. It is one of two known Ongan languages.
Önge
Önge language
Oorlams (also: Oorlands, Oorlans) is a dialect of Afrikaans spoken in the Republic of South Africa. It is considered an Afrikaans-based creole language by some observers whereas most Oorlammers themselves would describe their language as being a dialect of Afrikaans proper. Oorlams has many elements from Khoi languages.
Língua oorlans
Oorlams
Oorlans
Oorlams creole
Sunum
Yamna
Old Ossetic
Ossetic, Old
Okpamheri (Opameri) is an Edoid language of Nigeria. The number of speakers is not known; there were 30,000 in 1973.
Okpamheri
Okpamheri language
Kopkaka
Oksapmin is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Telefomin District, Sandaun, Papua New Guinea. It has been influenced by the Ok languages (indeed, the name "Oksapmin" is from an Ok language), and the similarities with those languages were attributed to borrowing in the classifications of both Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005), where Oksapmin was placed as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea. However, Loughnane (2009) and Loughnane and Fedden (2011) demonstrated that that it is related to the Ok languages, though they share innovative features not found in Oksapmin.
Oksapmin
Oksapmin language
Opao
Ópata (Also Teguima, Eudeve, Heve, Dohema) is the name applied to two closely related Uto-Aztecan languages; Teguima and Eudeve spoken by the Opata people of northern central Sonora in Mexico. It was believed to be dead already in 1930, and Carl Sofus Lumholtz reported the Opata to have become "Mexicanized" and lost their language and customs already when traveling through Sonora in the 1890s, but in a recent (1993) survey by the Instituto Nacional Indigenista (Now INALI) fifteen people in the Mexican Federal District self identified as speakers of Ópata – this may not mean however that the language is actually living, since linguistic nomenclature in Mexico is notoriously fuzzy. And no studies documenting the language spoken by those fifteen persons have been published. If the fifteen persons were in fact speakers of one of the Ópata languages then the languages are severely endangered and if not they are probably already extinct. Sometimes Eudeve is called Opata, a term which should be restricted to Teguima. Eudeve (Also called Heve, Dohema) and Teguima (Also called Ópata, Ore) are distinct languages, but sometimes have been considered merely dialects of one single language.
Idioma ópata
Opata
Opata language
The Ofayé or Opaye language, also Ofaié-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, forms its own branch of the Macro-Gê languages. It is spoken by about a quarter of the small Ofayé people, though language revitalization efforts are underway.
Idioma ofayé
Ofayé
Ofayé language
Zapotec, Tilquiapan
Oroha (also known as Oraha and Mara Ma-Siki) is an endangered Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands.
Oroha
Oroha language
Yangum Mon
Orma is spoken by the Orma people in Kenya. The origin of the language is from the Oromo language. Other Oromo languages are spoken in extensive areas of Ethiopia.
Orma
Orma language
Orejón
Oring, also known as Koring, is a Upper Cross River language spoken in Nigeria. Dialects are Okpoto, Ufia (Utonkon), and Ufiom (Effium).
Oring
Oring language
Oroqen (also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun, Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect. It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (prodominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.
Oroqen
Oroqen language
Oriya ( ), officially spelled Odia, is an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Orissa and West Bengal. Oriya is one of the many official languages in India; it is the official language of Orissa and the second official language of Jharkhand.
Orija
Oriya
oriya
Idioma oriya
Lingua oriya
Língua oriá
Oriya (macrolanguage)
Oriya language
Oromo, also known as Afaan Oromo, Oromiffa(a), Afan Boran, Afan Orma, and sometimes in other languages by variant spellings of these names (Oromic, Afan Oromo, etc.), is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the Cushitic family. Forms of Oromo are spoken as a first language by more than 25 million Oromo and neighbouring peoples in Ethiopia and Kenya. Some think of Oromo as a dialect continuum, since not all varieties are mutually intelligible. It is a sociolinguistic language, consisting of four varieties: Borana–Arsi–Guji Oromo, Eastern Oromo (also called Qottu), Orma, and West Central Oromo.
Oromo
galla
oromo
Idioma oromo
Lingua oromo
Língua oromo
Oromo language
Orang Kanaq language is one of the Aboriginal Malay languages and it is grouped under the Austonesian Language family. It is spoken by the Orang Kanaq, which is one of the 19 Orang Asli groups living in Peninsular Malaysia. It is listed as one of the endangered languages in Asia.
Orang Kanaq
Orang Kanaq language
Yamap
Orokolo is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Papua New Guinea by about 13,000 people (1977).
Orokolo
Orokolo language
Oruma is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria. According to Ethnologue, it is not fully intelligible with other varieties of Inland Ijaw.
Oruma
Oruma language
Orang Seletar is a language spoken by 1,737 people on the Malay Peninsula.
Orang Seletar
Orang Seletar language
Adivasi Oriya
Oriya, Adivasi
Ormuri is a member of the Southeastern branch of the Eastern Iranian languages, but attempts to classify Ormuri in the Northwestern Iranian languages have also been made. It is spoken in the city of Kaniguram in South Waziristan, Pakistan by the Burki people. It may also be spoken by a few people in Baraki Barak in Logar, Afghanistan. It is notable for its unusual sound inventory, which includes a voiceless alveolar trill (contrastive with the more common voiced variety) i.e. the ř of Czech, and voiceless and voiced alveolo-palatal fricatives (the voiceless being contrastive with the more common voiceless palato-alveolar fricative), i.e. the ښ and ږ of Waziri.
Ormuri
Ormuri language
Old East Slavic or Old Russian was a language used in 10th–15th centuries by East Slavs in the Kievan Rus' and states which evolved after the collapse of the Kievan Rus. Dialects of it were spoken, though not exclusively, in the area today occupied by Belarus, Northern Ukraine, parts of European Russia, and several eastern voivodships of Poland.
Altostslawische Sprache
Antica lingua slava orientale
Antiguo eslavo oriental
Old Russian
Old East Slavic
Russian, Old
Oro Win is a moribund Chapacuran language spoken along the upper stretches of the Pacaás Novos River in Brazil.
Oro Win
Oro Win language
Qila Muji
Muji, Qila
Oro (Oron) is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.
Oro
Oro language
Oriya (individual language)
Ormu
Osage is a Siouan language spoken by the Osage people of Oklahoma. The last native speaker, Lucille Roubedeaux, died ca. 2005.
Osage
Osage-Sprache
osage
Osage language
Oscan is a term used to describe both an extinct language of southern Italy and the language group to which it belonged.
Idioma osco
Lingua osca
Língua osca
Oscan
Oskische Sprache
Osque
Oscan language
The Osing language (Indonesian:Bahasa Osing), locally known as the language of Banyuwangi, is the language of the Osing people of East Java, Indonesia.
Osing
Osing dialect
Ososo
Old Spanish, also known as Old Castilian or Mediaeval Spanish , is an early form of the Spanish language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the tenth century until roughly the beginning of the fifteenth century, before a consonantic readjustment gave rise to the evolution of modern Spanish. The epic poem Cantar de Mio Cid, published around 1200, remains the best-known and most extensive work of literature in Old Spanish.
Castillan ancien
Espanhol medieval
Español medieval
Old Spanish
Spagnolo medievale
Old Spanish language
Spanish, Old
Malasar
Ossetic or Ossetian , also sometimes called Ossete, is an East Iranian language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains.
Ossetic
Ossetisch
ossetic
ossetico
ossète
osético
Idioma osetio
Lingua osseta
Língua osseta
Ossetian
Ossetic language
Ossetische Sprache
Ossète
ossético
Osatu (Ihatum) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
Osatu
Osatu language
Southern One
One, Southern
Old Saxon, also known as Old Low German, is the earliest recorded form of Low German, documented from the 8th century until the 12th century, when it evolved into Middle Low German. It was spoken on the north-west coast of Germany and in the Netherlands by Saxon peoples. It is close enough to Old Anglo-Frisian (Old Frisian, Old English) that it partially participates in the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law; it is also closely related to Old Low Franconian ("Old Dutch"). It was mutually intelligible with Old English.
Altsächsische Sprache
Antico sassone
Old Saxon
Sajón antiguo
Saxão antigo
Vieux saxon
Saxon, Old
The Ottoman Turkish language or Ottoman language ( ) is the variety of the Turkish language that was used for administrative and literary purposes in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows extensively from Arabic and Persian, and was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Consequently, Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less-educated lower-class and rural Turks, who continued to use kaba Türkçe ("vulgar Turkish"), which used far fewer foreign loanwords and which is the basis of the modern Turkish language. The Tanzimât era saw the application of the term "Ottoman" when referring to the language ( or ) and the same distinction is made in Modern Turkish ( and ).
Osmanisch
Ottoman Turkish
Turc osmanli
Turco otomano
turco otomano
turco ottomano
Lingua turca ottomana
Língua turca otomana
Osmanische Sprache
Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
Ottoman Turkish language
Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928)
turc ottoman
turc ottoman (1500-1928)
Old Tibetan
Tibetan, Old
Ot Danum
Mysian language was the languages spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia.
Mysian
Mysian language
Mezquital Otomi is a native American language. Also called Hñahñu and Otomí del Valle del Mezquital, it is spoken in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, especially in the Mezquital Valley. There are also some migrant worker expatriates in the United States in the states of Florida and North Carolina. A dictionary and grammar of the language have been published.
Mezquital Otomi
Otomi, Mezquital
The Oti language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is an extinct language isolate once spoken by the Oti people near São Paulo, Brazil.
Idioma oti
Oti
Oti language
Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of Turkic, found in Göktürk and Uyghur inscriptions dating from about the 7th century to the 13th century. It is the oldest attested member of the Southeastern (Uyghuric) branch of Turkic, which is extant in the modern Chagatai, Uyghur and Western Yugur languages.
Alttürkische Sprache
Old Turkish
Vieux-turc
Old Turkic language
Turkish, Old
Tilapa Otomi
Otomi, Tilapa
Highland Otomi or Otomi de la Sierra is a variety of the Otomi language spoken in Mexico by ca. 20,000 people in the highlands of Eastern Hidalgo, Western Veracruz and Northern Puebla. The speakers themselves call the language Yųhų. Lastra 2001 classifies it as an eastern Otomi language together with Texcatepec Otomi, Tenango Otomi, Ixtenco Otomi, Tilapa Otomi and Acazulco Otomi.
Highland Otomi
Otomi de la sierra
Eastern Highland Otomi
Otomi, Eastern Highland
Tenango Otomi
Otomi, Tenango
Querétaro Otomi
Otomi, Querétaro
The Otoro language (Utoro, Dhitoro, Litoro) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Otoro
Otoro language
Estado de México Otomi
Otomi, Estado de México
Temoaya Otomi also known as Toluca Otomi or Otomi of San Andrés Cuexcontitlan is a variety of the Otomi language spoken in Mexico by ca. 37,000 people in and around the municipality of Temoaya, and in three communities within the municipality of Toluca: San Andrés Cuexcontitlán, San Pablo Autopan and San Cristobal Huichochitlan. The speakers themselves call the language Ñatho. Lastra (2001) classifies it as a southwestern dialect along with the dialects of Mexico state.
Temoaya Otomi
Otomi, Temoaya
Otuke
Mator-Taygi-Karagas
Ottawa (or Odawa) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken by the Ottawa people in southern Ontario in Canada, and northern Michigan in the United States. Descendants of migrant Ottawa speakers live in Kansas and Oklahoma. The first recorded meeting of Ottawa speakers and Europeans occurred in 1615 when a party of Ottawas encountered explorer Samuel de Champlain on the north shore of Georgian Bay. Ottawa is written in an alphabetic system using Latin letters, and is known to its speakers as Nishnaabemwin "speaking the native language" or Daawaamwin "speaking Ottawa".
Ottawa
Ottawa dialect
Texcatepec Otomi
Otomi, Texcatepec
Old Tamil
Tamil, Old
Ixtenco Otomi
Otomi, Ixtenco
Ouargli, or Teggargrent (also Twargrit, Təggəngusit), is a Zenati Berber variety spoken in the oases of Ouargla (Wargrən) and NGoussa (Ingusa) in Algeria. As of 1987, it had no more than 10,000 speakers; the Ethnologue estimated only 5,000 speakers as of 1995. There are some differences between the dialects of Ouargla (Təggargrənt) and NGoussa (Təggəngusit), notably in the position of pronominal clitics; within Ouargla, there are minor differences between the three tribes At-Brahim, At-Sisin and At-Waggin.
Lingua teggargrent
Tagargrent
Wargli language
The Glio-Oubi language (Glio-Ubi) is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken in northeast Liberia, where it is known as Glio, and in western Ivory Coast, where it is known as Oubi or Ubi. It has a lexical similarity of .75 with the Glaro-Twabo language.
Glio-Oubi
Glio-Ubi language
Oune
Northern Muji
Muji, Northern
Old Uighur
Uighur, Old
Ouma
ǃʼOǃKung ("Forest !Kung", also spelled ǃʼOǃung) is a northern variety of the !Kung dialect continuum. It was once widespread in southern Angola, but now is principally found among a diaspora in northern Namibia.
!O!ung
Idioma kung
Lingua !o!ung
ǃʼOǃKung
Owiniga ( Bero, Samo, Taina) is a Left May language of New Guinea, in East Sepik Province.
Owiniga
Owiniga language
Old Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh. The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from the British language around 550, has been called "Primitive Welsh".
Galês antigo
Lingua antico gallese
Old Welsh
Vieux gallois
Welsh, Old
Oy is a Mon–Khmer language of Laos. 80% of speakers are monolingual.
Oy language
Oyda is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia.
Oyda
Oyda language
Wayampi (Guayapi, Oiampí) is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken in French Guiana and Brazil.
Wayampi
Wayampi language
Muzi
Oya'oya
Nzime (Koonzime) is a Bantu language of Cameroon, spoken by the Nzime and Dwee (Bajwee) people.
Koonzime
Nzime language
Paresí (Pareci) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil.
Parecís
Paresi language
The Pacoh language is a member of the Katuic language group, a part of the Eastern Mon–Khmer linguistic branch. Most Pacoh speakers live in central Laos and central Vietnam. Pacoh is undergoing substantial change, influenced by the Vietnamese.
Pacoh
Pacoh language
Paumarí (also Paumari, Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupurú, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in Brazil by about 700 people. It is spoken by the Paumari Indians, who call their language “Pamoari”. The word “Pamoari” has several different meanings in the Paumarí language: ‘man,’ ‘people,’ ‘human being,’ and ‘client.’ These multiple meanings stem from their different relationships with outsiders; presumably it means ‘human being’ when they refer to themselves to someone of ostensibly equal status, and ‘client’ when referring to their people among river traders and Portuguese speakers.
Idioma paumarí
Paumarí
Paumarí language
Pagibete is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is similar to Bwa, and might be considered a dialect.
Pagibete
Pagibete language
Tejalapan Zapotec
Zapotec, Tejalapan
Paranawát
Aluo
The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan: Salitan Pangasinan; ) or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines.
Pangasinan
Pangasinan-Sprache
pangasinan
pangasinán
pangasinã
Idioma pangasinense
Língua pangasinesa
Pangasinan language
Pangasinensische Sprache
Tenharim
Pe, also spelled Pai, is a minor Plateau language of Nigeria. It has been classified in various branches of Plateau, but is now seen to be Tarokoid (Blench 2008).
Pe language
Parakanã
Middle Persian , indigenously known as Pārsīg sometimes referred to as Pahlavi or Pehlevi, which was also the preferred writing system for other Middle Iranian languages. Other forms of written Middle Persian include Pazend, a system derived from Avestan that, unlike Pahlavi, indicated vowels and did not employ Aramaic logograms. The ISO 639 language code for Middle Persian is pal, which reflects the post-Sassanid-era use of the term Pahlavi to refer to the language and not only the script.
Mittelpersisch
Pahlavi
pahlavi
pálavi
Lingua pahlavi
Middle Persian
Mittelpersische Sprache
Pehlevi
Persa médio
The Pampangan language, or Kapampangan , is one of the major languages of the Philippines. It is the language spoken in the province of Pampanga, the southern half of the province of Tarlac and the northern portion of the province of Bataan. Kapampangan is also understood in some barangays of Bulacan and Nueva Ecija and by the Aitas or Aeta of Zambales. The language was spelled Capampañgan and is also called Pampango, and in the Kapampangan language: Amanung Sisuan, meaning "the mother language".
Kapampangan
Pampanga
Pampangan
pampanga
Idioma pampango
Kapampangan language
Lingua kapampangan
Língua kapampangan
Pampanggan-Sprache
pampangan
Punjabi ( in Gurmukhi script and in Shahmukhi/Perso-Arabic script) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region (north western India and central Pakistan). For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language. Punjabi can be subdivided into two varieties, known as Eastern Punjabi and Western Punjabi.
Panjabi
Panjābī
Punjabi
panjabi
punjabi
punjabí
Idioma punyabí
Lingua punjabi
Língua panjabi
Pandschabisch
Punjabi language
pendjabi
Yandruwandha
Northern Paiute (; also known as Numu and Paviotso) is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. Ethnologue reported the number of speakers in 1999 as 1,631. It is closely related to the Mono language.
Northern Paiute
Paiute du Nord
Northern Paiute language
Paiute, Northern
Papiamento (or Papiamentu) is the most widely spoken language on the Caribbean ABC islands, having the official status on the islands of Aruba and Curaçao. The language is also recognized on Bonaire by the Dutch government. or Spanish, with some influences from Amerindian languages, English, and Dutch. Papiamento has two main dialects: Papiamento, spoken primarily on Aruba; and Papiamentu, spoken primarily on Bonaire and Curaçao.
Papiamento
papiamento
Lingua papiamento
Papiamentu
Parya is a Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Tajuzbeki (or Tadj-Uzbeki) was an alternative name coined by Bholanath Tivari for the same language. Much of the academic research in documenting and characterizing this Indo-Aryan isolate language was done by prominent Soviet linguist I. M. Oranski.
Parya
Parya language
The Timbisha language (also called Panamint and spelled Tümpisa) is the language of the Native American people who have inhabited the region in and around Death Valley, California and the southern Owens Valley since late prehistoric times. There are a few elderly individuals who can speak the language in California and Nevada, but none are monolingual and all use English regularly in their daily lives. Until the last decade of the twentieth century, the people called themselves and their language "Shoshone". The tribe then achieved Federal recognition under the name Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Band of California. This is an Anglicized spelling of the native name of Death Valley, tümpisa, pronounced , which means "rock paint" and refers to the rich sources of red ochre in the valley. Timbisha is also the language of the so-called "Shoshone" groups at Bishop, Big Pine, Darwin, Independence, and Lone Pine communities in California and the Beatty community in Nevada. It was also the language spoken at the former Indian Ranch reservation in Panamint Valley.
Idioma timbisha
Panamint
Timbisha
Timbisha language
Papasena is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ethnologue reports a 23% lexical similarity with Sikaritai, another East Tariku language.
Papasena
Papasena language
Papitalai
Palauan (also spelled Belauan) is one of the two nationally recognized official languages spoken in the Republic of Palau (the other being English). It is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, and is considered to be one of two languages in Micronesia (the other being Chamorro) belonging to the Sunda–Sulawesi group; all others are considered to be members of either the Micronesian or Polynesian outlier subgroups of Oceanic.
Palau
Palauan
palau
palauano
Idioma palauano
Lingua palauana
Língua palauense
Palauan language
Palauische Sprache
Paluan
Lang'e
The Wari’ language (also Orowari, Wari, Pacaá Novo, Pacaás Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaásnovos) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the Chapacuran language family of the Brazilian–Bolivian border region of the Amazon. It has about 1300–1800 speakers, also called Wari’.
Pakaásnovos
Wari
Wari’ language
The Pawnee language is a Caddoan language spoken by some Pawnee Native Americans now located in north central Oklahoma. Their traditional historic lands were along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska. Once the language of thousands of Pawnees, today Pawnee is spoken by a shrinking number of elderly speakers. As more young people learn English as their first language, the status of Pawnee declines towards extinction.
Pawnee
Pawnee language
Pankararé
Paya or Pech is a Chibchan language spoken in Honduras. According to Ethnologue there were only 990 speakers in 1993. It is also known as Seco or Bayano. Specifically, it is spoken near the north central coast of Honduras, in Municipio Dulce Nombre de Culmí, of the Olancho Department.
Pech
Paya language
Pankararú
Páez (also Paez, Páes, Paes, Paisa, autonym: Nasa Yuwe, which is becoming increasingly used) is a language isolate of Colombia spoken by Páez people in the central Andes region near Popayán. The Ethnologue estimates about 71,400 to 83,300 speakers(2000 SIL), among which are counted 35,700 to 41,650 monolinguals of an ethnic population of 122,638.
Idioma paez
Paez
Páez
Páez language
Patamona is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana by the Patamona people. It is one of several closely related languages called Ingarikó and Kapong.
Patamona
Patamona language
Yango
Mezontla Popoloca
Popoloca, Mezontla
Coyotepec Popoloca
Popoloca, Coyotepec
Paraujano
Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by approximately 3,000–4,000 people in Bolivar State in southern Venezuela. Their main area is South of the town of Caicara del Orinoco, south of the Orinoco River. There are several subdialects of the language. The autonym for this language and people is eñapa, which has various senses depending on context, including people, indigenous-people, and Panare-people. It is unusual in having object–verb–agent as one of its main word orders, the other being the more common agent–verb–object. It also displays the typologically "uncommon" property of an ergative–absolutive alignment in the present and a nominative–accusative alignment in the past.
E'ñepa
Idioma panare
Panare language
E'ñapa Woromaipu
Parkwa, also Podoko, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon.
Parkwa
Parkwa language
Mak, or LeeMak, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria, one of several spoken by the Bikwin people. The two dialects, Panya and Zoo (Zo), are rather divergent, and might be considered distinct languages.
Mak (Nigeria)
Kpasam
Yangho
Papel (Pepel, Papei), or Oium (Moium), is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau.
Papel
Pepel
Papel language
Badyara is a Senegambian language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.
Badiaranké
Badyara
Badyara language
The Pangwa are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Livingstone Mountains on the eastern shore of Lake Malawi, in the Ludewa District of Iringa Region in southern Tanzania. In 2002 the Pangwa population was estimated to number 95,000 . The Pangwa language is a member of the Niger–Congo family.
Pangwa
Pangwa language
Central Pame
Pame, Central
Southern Pashto
Pashto, Southern
Northern Pashto
Pashto, Northern
Pnar (also known as Jaintia or Synteng ) is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in India and Bangladesh.
Pnar
Pnar language
Naukan Yupik language or Naukan Siberian Yupik language is an Eskimo language spoken by ca. 70 persons (нывуӄаӷмит) on Chukotka peninsula. It is one of the four Yupik languages, alongside with Central Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup'ik and Pacific Gulf Yupik.
Naukan Yupik
Idioma naukanski
Naukan Yupik language
Yupik, Naukan
Pyu is a language isolate spoken in Papua New Guinea. It has been suggested that Pyu belongs to the Kwomtari–Baibai family, but the evidence has never been published. (See Kwomtari–Baibai.) As of 2000, the language had about 100 speakers.
Pyu
Pyu language
Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca
Popoloca, Santa Inés Ahuatempan
Pear is an endangered Mon-Khmer language of Cambodia. "Pear" is a pejorative term for the historical slave caste of the Khmer, but nonetheless is the usual term in the literature.
Pear
Pear language
The Bouyei language (autonym: Haausqyaix also spelled Buyi, Buyei, or Puyi; , ), is a language spoken by the Bouyei ethnic group of southern Guizhou Province in mainland China. Classified as a member of the Northern Tai group in the Tai languages branch of the Tai–Kadai language family, the language has over 2.5 million native speakers and is also used by the Giay people in some parts of Vietnam. There are native speakers living in France or the United States as well, which immigrated from China or Vietnam. About 98% of the native speakers are in China. * Libo Buyi Han Ying cihui =: Libo Buyi-Chinese-English glossary (Language data 18) by Yu Jiongbiao, Wil Snyder (1995). Summer Institute of Linguistics, 278 p. ISBN 1556710143. *
Bouyei
Bouyei language
Picard is a language (or a set of languages) closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. It is spoken in two regions in the far north of France – Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy – and in parts of the Belgian region of Wallonia, the district of Tournai (Wallonie Picarde) and a part of the district of Mons (toward Tournai and the Belgian border).
Lingua piccarda
Língua picarda
Picard
Picardische Sprache
Picardo
Picard language
Ruching Palaung
Palaung, Ruching
Paliyan
Paniya is one of the languages of India. It is a language of the scheduled tribes with a majority of its speakers in the state of Kerala. It is also called as Pania, Paniyan and Panyah. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. According to the 1981 Census, there were 63,827 speakers of Paniya which includes 56,952 in Kerala, 6,393 in Tamil Nadu, 482 in Karnataka. Most of its speakers are found in the Wayanad, Kozhikode, Kannur and Malappuram districts of Kerala, and to the west of the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
Paniya
Paniya language
Pardhan (or Pradhan) is a South-Central Dravidian language spoken in India, mostly in Andhra Pradesh, Adilbad District; Madhya Pradesh, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindawara, Hoshangabad, Betul, Balaghat, Jabalpur districts; Chhattisgarh, Raipur, Bilaspur districts; Maharashtra, Bhandara, Garhchiroli, Nagpur, Wardha, and Yavatmal districts. It is written in the Indic alphabet. Approximately 117,000 people speak this language. It is ranked 1101 in Ethnologue's ranking system.
Pardhan
Pardhan language
Duruwa language (Devanagari:दुरुवा ), also called, Parji is a Central Dravidian language spoken by the ‘Dhurwa’ tribe, a Scheduled tribe people of India, in the districts of Koraput and Bastar in Chhattisgarh State. The language is related to Ollari and Kolami which is also spoken by the other tribes in the neighbouring regions.
Duruwa
Duruwa language
Parengi, or Gorum, is a minor Munda language of India. Speakers are shifting to Oriya.
Parenga
Parengi language
Paite, or Paite Chin, is a Zomi language of India and Burma.
Paite Chin
Chin, Paite
Paite language
Pardhi
Yangulam
Nigerian Pidgin is an English-based pidgin and a creole language spoken as a lingua franca across Nigeria. The language is commonly referred to as "Pidgin" or "Brokin". It is often not considered a creole language since most speakers are not native speakers, although many children do learn it early. Nonetheless it can be spoken as a pidgin, a creole, or a decreolised acrolect by different speakers, who may switch between these forms depending on the social setting. Faraclas, Nicholas C., Nigerian Pidgin, Descriptive Grammar, 1996, Introduction. Ihemere (2006) reports that Nigerian Pidgin is the native language of approximately 3 to 5 million people and is a second language for at least another 75 million. Variations of Pidgin are also spoken across West Africa, in countries such as Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Pidgin English, despite its common use throughout the country, has no official status.
Nigerian Pidgin
Nigerianisches Pidgin
Pidgin, Nigerian
Piti
Pacahuara (Pacawara) is a nearly extinct Panoan language spoken by only 17 of 18 Pacahuara people. The Pacahuara have been located to northwest of Magdalena, Beni, Bolivia and to Nueva Esperanza municipality, of Federico Román Province in Pando. The Pacahuara are fully integrated with the Chácobo. Pacahuara, like 35 other indigenous languages, is recognized as an official language by the 2009 Bolivian Constitution.
Idioma pacahuara
Pacahuara
Pacahuara language
Panang
Pyapun is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Pyapun
Pyapun language
Anam
The Pennsylvania German language (usually referred to as Pennsylvania Dutch, or simply as Dutch, in American English; usually referred to in Pennsylvania German as Deitsch, Pennsylvania Deitsch or Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch) is a variety of West Central German possibly spoken by more than 250,000 people in North America. It has traditionally been the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch, descendants of late 17th and early 18th century immigrants to the US states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina from southern Germany, eastern France and Switzerland. Although for many, the term Pennsylvania Dutch is often taken to refer to the Old Order Amish and related groups exclusively, the term should not imply a connection to any particular religious group. The Amish and Mennonites originally made up only a small percentage of the Pennsylvania German population.
Alemán de Pensilvania
Alemão da Pensilvânia
Allemand de Pennsylvanie
Pennsylvania Dutch
Pennsylvania German
Tedesco della Pennsylvania
German, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania German language
Yahi is an extinct language formerly spoken in the upper Sacramento Valley area, roughly in the area between Mill Creek and Deer Creek. It is grouped with the Southern forms of the Yana languages which, together with Central and Northern Yana are an isolated group of languages. Yana is well known as having been the language of Ishi, the last surviving Yana Indian, who worked with anthropologists to make a record of the language and culture.
Yana
Yahi dialect
Pa Di
Fedan
Podena
Padoe
Plautdietsch, or Mennonite Low German, was originally a Low Prussian variety of East Low German, with Dutch influence, that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia, today Polish territory. The word is another pronunciation of Plattdeutsch, or Low German. Plaut is the same word as German platt or Dutch plat, meaning flat or low but formerly meaning intelligible, and the name Dietsch corresponds etymologically to Dutch Duits and German Deutsch (both meaning "German"), which originally meant ordinary language, language of the people in all the continental West Germanic languages.
Plautdietsch
Plautdietsch language
Padaung or Padaung Karen, also known as Kayan, is a Karen language of Burma.
Kayan
Padaung language
Peranakan Indonesian
Indonesian, Peranakan
Eastern Pomo (also Clear Lake Pomo or Elem Pomo
Eastern Pomo
Pomo oriental
Eastern Pomo language
Pomo, Eastern
Mala
Mala (Papua New Guinea)
Taje
Northeastern Pomo, also known as Salt Pomo, is a Pomoan language of Northern California. There are no living fluent speakers. It was spoken along Story Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River.
Northeastern Pomo
Pomo du Nord-Est
Northeastern Pomo language
Pomo, Northeastern
Güilá Zapotec
Zapotec, Güilá
Pengo (also Pengu; Hengo; Hengo Poraja; Jani; Muddali; Paraja; Pango; Pengua; Pango Paraja; Pengo (in French); Pengo (in Spanish)) is a South-Central-Dravidian language spoken in Orissa.
Pengo
Pengo language
Yong
The Bonan language (pronounced , Baonang) (Chinese 保安语 Bǎoān) is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China. As of 1985, it was spoken by about 8,000 people, including about 75% of the total Baonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor, in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. There are several dialects, which are influenced to varying degrees—but always heavily—by Tibetan and Chinese. The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect. There is no writing system in use.
Bonan
Bonan language
Chichimeca or Chichimeca Jonaz is an indigenous language of Mexico spoken by around 200 Chichimeca Jonaz people in Misión de Chichimecas near San Luis de la Paz in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The Chichimeca Jonaz language belongs to the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean linguistic family. The Chichimecos self identify as úza and call their language eza'r.
Chichimeca-Jonaz
Idioma jonaz
Chichimeca Jonaz language
Northern Pomo is an extinct Pomoan language formerly spoken around Clear Lake in Lake County, California by the Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake, one of the several Pomo peoples.
Northern Pomo
Pomo du Nord
Northern Pomo language
Pomo, Northern
Penchal
Pekal
Pende (Phende) is a Bantu language of the Congo.
Phende
Pende language
The Old Persian language is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan). Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets, and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now present-day Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 525 BCE). Recent research into the vast Persepolis Fortification Archive at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago have unearthed Old Persian tablets (2007). This new text shows that the Old Persian language was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Altpersisch
Old Persian
Vieux-perse
persa antiguo
persa arcaico
persiano antico
Altpersische Sprache
Lingua persiana antica
Língua persa antiga
Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
Old Persian language
Persian, Old (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
Persian, Old (ca.600-400 B.C.)
persan ancien
perse, vieux (ca. 600-400 av. J.-C.)
Yendang
Kunja
Southern Pomo is one of seven mutually unintelligible Pomoan languages which were formerly spoken by the Pomo people in Northern California along the Russian River and Clear Lake. The Pomo languages have been grouped together with other so-called Hokan languages. Southern Pomo is unique among the Pomo languages in preserving, perhaps, the greatest number of syllables inherited from Proto-Pomo (the proto-language from which all seven Pomo languages descend).
Pomo du Sud
Southern Pomo
Pomo, Southern
Southern Pomo language
Iranian Persian
Persian, Iranian
Pémono is a Cariban language that was spoken by only an eighty-year-old woman when discovered in 1998 in Venezuela. The ethnic population now speaks Spanish. Pémono may already be extinct.
Idioma pémono
Pémono
Pémono language
Petats is an Austronesian language spoken by a few thousand persons in Papua New Guinea. Its Ethnologue page mentions the dialects Hitau-Pororan, Matsungan and Sumoun.
Petats
Petats language
Petjo, also known as Petjoh, Petjok, Pecok, is a Dutch-based creole language that originated among the Indos, people of mixed Dutch and Indonesian ancestry in the former Dutch East Indies. The language has influences from Dutch, Javanese and Betawi. Its speakers presently live mostly in Indonesia and the Netherlands. The language is expected to become extinct by the end of the 21st century.
Petjo
Petjo language
Eastern Penan
Penan, Eastern
Yansi
Pááfang
Peere (Kutin) is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages. Most Nigerian speakers moved to Cameroon when the Gashaka-Gumti National Park was established.
Peere
Peere language
Palatine German (Pfälzisch/Pälzisch or Pfaelzisch/Paelzisch) is a West Franconian dialect of German which is spoken in the Rhine Valley roughly in an area between the cities of Zweibrücken, Kaiserslautern, Alzey, Worms, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Speyer, Landau, Wörth am Rhein and the border to the Alsace region in France but also beyond. Pennsylvania German, or Pennsylvania Dutch is descended primarily from the Palatine German dialects spoken by Germans who immigrated to North America from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries and who chose to maintain their native language. Danube Swabians in Croatia and Serbia also use many elements of it. Normally, one distinguishes the Pfälzisch spoken in the western part of the Palatinate (Westpfälzisch) and the Pfälzisch spoken in the eastern part of the Palatinate (Vorderpfälzisch).
Palatin
Pfaelzisch
Pfälzische Dialekte
Tedesco palatino
Palatinate German
Juba Arabic is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Equatoria Province in South Sudan, and derives its name from the town of Juba, South Sudan. It is also spoken among communities of people from South Sudan living in towns in Sudan. The pidgin developed in the 19th century, among descendants of Sudanese soldiers, many of whom were forcibly recruited from southern Sudan. Residents of other large towns in South Sudan, notably Malakal and Wau, do not generally speak Juba Arabic, tending towards the use of Arabic closer to Sudanese Arabic, in addition to local languages.
Arabe de Djouba
Dschuba-Arabisch
Juba Arabic
Árabe Juba
Creole Arabic, Sudanese
Sudanese Creole Arabic
Pangwali
Pagi or Bembi is a Papuan language spoken by about 2,000 in five villages in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, near the border with Indonesian Papua.
Pagi
Pagi language
The Rerep language is one of the great many languages of the Malekula Coast group spoken in Vanuatu. In 1983 it had 375 speakers out of an ethnic population of 580. Portions of the Bible were translated into Rerep between 1892 and 1913.
Rerep
Rerep language
Yahuna
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages. It is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain from around the 4th century to 7th or 8th century.
Idioma paleoirlandés
Primitive Irish
Irish, Primitive
Paelignian
Pangseng
Pagu
Pa-Hng (Pa-Hung) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan in southern China as well as northern Vietnam.
Pa-Hng
Pa-Hng language
Phudagi
Phuong
Yoba
Phukha is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.
Phukha
Phukha language
Phake
Palula (also spelled Phalura, Palola, Phalulo), Ashreti, Aćharêtâʹ, or Dangarikwar (the name used by Khowar speakers), is a language spoken by approximately 10,000 people in the valleys of Ashret and Biori, as well as in the village Puri (also Purigal) in the Shishi valley, and at least by a portion of the population in the village Kalkatak, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A related variety of this language is spoken in the village Sau in Afghanistan, and another closely related variety in the village Khalkot in Dir District. Palula is pronounced as /paaluulaá/, with three long vowels and a rising pitch on the final syllable.
Palula
Phalura
Palula language
Phimbi
Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called "Canaan" in Phoenician, Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic, "Phoenicia" in Greek and Latin, and "Pūt" in Ancient Egyptian. Phoenician is a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup; its closest living relative is Hebrew, to which it is very similar; then Aramaic, then Arabic. The area where Phoenician was spoken includes modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria, Palestine, northern Israel (as well as parts of Cyprus – along with Greek – and, at least as a prestige language, in some adjacent areas of Anatolia ). It was also spoken in the area of Phoenician colonization along the coasts of the South-Western Mediterranean, including, notably, those of modern Tunisia and Algeria, as well as Malta, the west of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and southernmost Spain.
Phoenician
Phönikisch
fenicio
fenício
phénicien
Idioma fenicio
Lingua fenicia
Língua fenícia
Phoenician language
Phénicien
Phönizisch-punische Sprache
Phunoi
Phana'
Yogad
Potwari ( (Perso-Arabic), also known as Potohari ), is a rich dialect spoken in the Pothohar Plateau around Rawalpindi, Kahuta, Gujar Khan, Jehlum, up to Gujrat in the south and Chakwal in the West, Hazara in the north, Azad Kashmir (Pahari) in the east and also by Sikhs from the Pothohar region now living in India. It is considered a transitional dialect between Lahnda and Pahari, Hindko as well as Dogri. It is often referred to as Pahari-Potwari. Semi Dialects include Dhundi-Kairali, Chibhali, Mirpuri, Jhelumi, Pindiwali and Punchhi (Poonchi). Speakers of Pahari-Pothwari can understand spoken Punjabi, however the opposite is difficult in terms of comprehension. Pahari is translated as mountain in the Potwari language and its use is prevalent in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. There are slight variations in the vocabulary with regards to the Potwari speakers of the west on the Potohar plateau and the speakers on the east in the Pakistani-administered Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Pahari-Potwari
Potwari language
Phu Thai (Thai: Phasa Phuthai, ภาษาผู้ไท or ภูไท), also known as Phuu Thai, is the language of the Phutai people. It is a closely related language to the Tai Dam, and Tai Don, it is less well related to the Isan and the Lao languages.
Phu Thai
Phu Thai language
The Phuan (พวน), also known as Tai Phuan, Thai Puan or Lao Phuan, are a Theravada Buddhist Tai people spread out in small pockets over most of the northeastern Isan region with other groups scattered in central Thailand and Laos (Xieng Khouang Province). According to the Ethnologue Report, the Phuan number 204,704 and that is split fairly evenly between populations in Laos and Thailand. The language is closely related to other tribal Tai languages, such as the Thai Dam and the Thai Loei. Unlike other tribal Tai languages in the Isan region, the Phuan language is not losing ground to the standard Thai language or the local Isan/Lao trade language.
Phuan
Pahlavani
Phangduwali
Pima Bajo (Mountain Pima, Lowland Pima, Nevome) is a Mexican indigenous language of the Piman branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, spoken by around 1000 speakers in northern Mexico. The language is called Oob Nook by its speakers. The closest related languages are the O'odham (Pima and Papago) and the Tepehuán languages.
Idioma nevome
Pima Bajo
Pima bajo
Pima Bajo language
Yine (Chontaquiro, Simiranch) is a Maipurean language spoken in Brazil and Peru. Formerly referred to as Piro, it belongs to the Piro group which also includes Iñapari(†), Kanamaré(†), and Apurinã. The name Mashco has sometimes been incorrectly applied to the Yine. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak a language that is very similar to Yine.
Idioma yine
Yine
Yine language
Yonaguni (Yonaguni: Dunan munui ドゥナンムヌイ) is a Ryukyuan language spoken by around 800 people on the island of Yonaguni, in the Ryukyu Islands, just east of Taiwan. It is most closely related to Yaeyama..
Idioma yonaguni
Yonaguni
Lingua yonaguni
Yonaguni language
Pinji
Piaroa
Piro
Pingelapese is a Micronesian language spoken on the Pingelap atoll.
Pingelap
Pingelapese
Pingelapische Sprache
Pingelapese language
Pisabo (also known as Pisagua and Pisahua) is a Panoan language spoken by approximately 600 people in Peru (as of 2000).
Pisabo
Pisabo language
Pitkern (also Pitcairnese) is a creole language based on an 18th century dialect of English and Tahitian. It is a primary language of Pitcairn Island with fewer than 100 speakers worldwide. However, the closely related Norfuk language has a few thousand native speakers. Pitkern and Norfuk are unusual in that, although their home islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, they have been described as Atlantic creoles.
Lingua pitcairnese
Pitcairn-Englisch
Pitcairnais
Pitkern language
Pitcairn-Norfolk
Pini
Pijao (Piajao) is an unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the Magdalena River Valley in Colombia until the 1950s.
Idioma pijao
Pijao
Pijao language
Yom, or Pilapila, is a Gur language of Benin.
Yom
Yom language
Powhatan or Virginia Algonquian is an extinct language belonging to the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian languages. It was spoken by the Powhatan people of tidewater Virginia. It became extinct around the 1790s after speakers switched to English. The sole documentary evidence for this language is two short wordlists recorded around the time of first European contact. William Strachey recorded about 500 words and Captain John Smith recorded only about 50 words. Smith also reported the existence of a pidgin form of Powhatan, but virtually nothing is known of it. Strachey’s material was collected sometime between 1610 and 1611, and probably written up from his notes in 1612 and 1613, after he had returned to England. It was never published in his lifetime, although he made a second copy in 1618. The second copy was published in 1849, and the first in 1955. Smith’s material was collected between 1607 and 1609 and published in 1612 and again in 1624. There is no indication of the location where he collected his material. In 1975, the Algonquianist Siebert published a book length study proclaiming the "reconstitution" of the phonology of the language.
Powhatan
Powhatan language
Piame
Piapoco is an Arawakan language of Colombia and Venezuela.
Piapoco
Piapoco language
Pero, also known as Filaya, is a West Chadic language of Nigeria.
Pero
Pero language
Piratapuyo
Yokutsan (also known as Yokuts and Mariposan) is an endangered language family spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokut people. The speakers of Yokutsan languages were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokutsan-family speakers currently number in the thousands, most of the constituent languages are now extinct.
Lenguas yokuts
Yokuts
Langues yokuts
Yokutsan languages
Pijin (Solomons Pidgin or Neo-Solomonic) is also referred to as Kanaka and is a language spoken in the Solomon Islands. It is closely related to Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea; Bislama of Vanuatu; and Torres Strait Creole of the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia and is written in the Latin script.
Pijin
Pijin language
Pitta Pitta (also known under several other spellings) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. It was spoken around Boulia, Queensland.
Pitta Pitta
Pitta Pitta language
Pintupi is an indigenous Australian language. It is one of the Wati languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It is one of the varieties of the Western Desert Language (WDL).
Pintupi
Pintupi-Luritja
Pintupi language
Vaeakau-Taumako (formerly known as Pileni) is a Polynesian language spoken in some of the Reef Islands as well as in the Taumako Islands (also known as the Duff Islands) in the Temotu province of the Solomon Islands.
Pileni
Vaeakau-Taumako
The Pimbwe are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Rukwa Region of western Tanzania. In 1987 the Pimbwe population was estimated to number 29,000 .
Pimbwe
Pimbwe language
Piu
Piya-Kwonci (Piya, Pia) is a minor West Chadic language of Nigeria. The autonym for the people is Ambandi.
Piya-Kwonci
Piya language
Pije
Pitjantjatjara is a dialect of the Western Desert Language traditionally spoken by the Pitjantjatjara people of Central Australia. It is mutually intelligible with other varieties of the Western Desert language and is particularly closely related to Yankunytjatjara language. Features distinctive to Pitjantjatjara include -pa endings on words that would otherwise end with consonants, a preference to not have y at the start of most words, and the use of pitjantja to mean coming/going (as opposed to yankunytja in Yankunytjatjara). This last distinction is how the language gets its name.
Pitjantjatjara
Pitjantjatjara language
Jain Prakrit is a term loosely used for the language of the Jain Agamas (canonical texts). The books of Jainism were written in the popular vernacular dialects (as opposed to Sanskrit which was the classical standard of Brahmanism), and therefore encompass a number of related dialects. Chief among these is Ardha Magadhi, which due to its extensive use has also come to be identified as the definitive form of Prakrit. Other dialects include versions of Maharashtri and Sauraseni.
Ardhamagadhi
Jain Prakrit
Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit
Prākrit, Ardhamāgadhī
Pokomo (Kipfokomo) is a Bantu language spoken primarily along the East African coast near Tana River in the Tana River District by the Pokomo people of Kenya. All adult speakers of Pokomo are bilingual in Swahili, East Africa's lingua franca.
Pokomo
Kipfokomo
Pokomo language
Paekche
Baekje language
Zaachila Zapotec
Zapotec, Zaachila
Pak-Tong
Yola is an extinct West Germanic language formerly spoken in Wexford, Ireland. A branch of Middle English, it evolved separately among the English (known as the Old English) who followed the Norman barons Strongbow and Robert Fitzstephen to eastern Ireland in 1169.
Lingua Yola
Yola
Yola language
Pankhu
Pakanha, or Bakanha, is a nearly extinct Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. As of 1981, there were 10 speakers of the language, originally spoken by the aboriginal Pakanha people in the central part of the Cape York Peninsula.
Pakanha
Pakanha language
Pökoot (also known as Pokot, Päkot, Pökot and in older literature as Suk) is a language spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda by the Pokot people. Pökoot is classified as the Northern branch of the Kalenjin languages found in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Pökoot are usually called Kimukon by the other Kalenjin peoples. A 1994 figure of SIL puts the total number of speakers at 264 000, while the only little more recent Schladt (1997:40) gives the more conservative estimate of 150 000 people, presumably based on the figures found in Rottland (1982:26) who puts the number at slightly more than 115 000.
Pökoot
Pökoot language
Pukapukan is a Polynesian language that developed in isolation on the island of Pukapuka (Danger Island) in the northern group of the Cook Islands. As a "Samoic Outlier" language with strong links to western Polynesia, Pukapukan is not closely related to any other languages of the Cook Islands, but does manifest substantial borrowing from some East Polynesian source in antiquity. Recent research suggests that the languages of Pukapuka, Tokelau and Tuvalu group together as a cluster, and as such had significant influence on a number of the Polynesian Outliers, such as Tikopia and Anuta, Pileni (all in Solomon Islands) and Takuu (off Bougainville PNG).
Idioma pukapukan
Pukapuka
Pukapukanische Sprache
Pukapukan language
Attapady Kurumba
Kurumba, Attapady
Pakistan Sign Language
Maleng
Paku
Miani
Polonombauk
Central Palawano
Palawano, Central
Polari (or alternatively Parlare, Parlary, Palare, Palarie, Palari; from Italian , "to talk") is a form of cant slang used in Britain by actors, circus and fairground showmen, criminals, prostitutes, and the gay subculture. It was popularised in the 1960s by camp characters Julian and Sandy in the popular BBC radio show Round the Horne. There is some debate about its origins, but it can be traced back to at least the 19th century, and possibly the 16th century. There is a longstanding connection with Punch and Judy street puppet performers who traditionally used Polari to converse.
Polari
Palue (also spelled Palue and Paluqe; native name Lua) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Palue Island, Indonesia. It is part of a dialect cluster with Lio.
Palu'e
Palu'e language
Pilagá is a language spoken by 6,000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province.
Pilaga
Pilagá
Pilagá language
Yombe
Paulohi
Pāli (also Pāi) is a Middle Indo-Aryan language (or Prakrit) of the Indian subcontinent. It is best known as the language of many of the earliest extant Buddhist scriptures, as collected in the Pāi Canon or Tipitaka, and as the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism.
Pali
Páli
pali
Lingua pāli
páli
Polci
Kohistani Shina
Shina, Kohistani
Shwe Palaung
Palaung, Shwe
Palenquero (also palenque) is a Spanish-based creole language spoken in Colombia. Palenquero is the only Spanish-based creole in Latin America. The ethnic group which speaks this Creole consists only of 3,000 people, . Palenquero is spoken in Colombia, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque which is southeast of Cartagena, and in some neighborhoods of Barranquilla.
Criollo palenquero
Palenquero
Oluta Popoluca also called Olutec is a moribund Mixe–Zoquean language of the Mixean branch spoken by a few elderly people in the town of Oluta in Southern Veracruz, Mexico.
Oluta Popoluca
Popoluca, Oluta
Yongkom
The Palpa language of Nepal is closely related to the Nepali language, and is sometimes considered a dialect of it. It has Kumauni influence, and has also been classified as a dialect of that language.
Palpa
Palpa language
Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa, the capital of the Hittites. Its name in Hittite is palaumnili, or "of the people of Pala"; Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey. That region was overrun by the Kaskas in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.
Lingua palaica
Palaic
Palaische Sprache
Palaïte
Palaic language
Palaka (or Kpalaga) is a central Senufo language spoken by approximately 8 000 people in northern Côte d'Ivoire. It is bordered to the south by Djimini, a southern Senufo language, and to the west by Nyarafolo, another Senufo language. North and east of the Palaka area live Dioula people.
Palaka
Palaka Senoufo
Palaka language
Senoufo, Palaka
San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca
Popoloca, San Marcos Tlalcoyalco
Plateau Malagasy
Malagasy, Plateau
Palikúr is an Arawakan language of Brazil and French Guiana.
Palikur
Palikúr
Palikúr language
Southwest Palawano
Palawano, Southwest
Yorùbá (native name èdè Yorùbá, the Yorùbá language) is a Niger–Congo language spoken in West Africa by approximately 20 million speakers. The native tongue of the Yoruba people, it is spoken, among other languages, in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo and in communities in other parts of Africa, Europe and the Americas. It is most closely related to the Itsekiri language spoken in the Niger-Delta and Igala spoken in central Nigeria.
Yoruba
ioruba
yoruba
Idioma yoruba
Lingua yoruba
Língua iorubá
Yoruba language
Brooke's Point Palawano
Palawano, Brooke's Point
The Bolyu language (autonym: pɔ33 lju13; ; also known as Palyu or Lai 俫语) is an Austro-Asiatic language of the Pakanic branch (Sidwell 1995). In 1984, Bolyu was first studied by Liang Min of the Nationalities Research Institute in Beijing. Liang was the first to suggest the Mon–Khmer affiliation of Bolyu, which was later confirmed by Western linguists such as Paul K. Benedict, Paul Sidwell, and Jerold A. Edmondson.
Bolyu
Bolyu language
The Paama language is the language of the island of Paama in Northern Vanuatu. There is no indigenous term for the language; however linguists have adopted the term Paamese to refer to it. Both a grammar and a dictionary of Paamese have been produced by Terry Crowley.
Paama
Paama language
Pambia (Apambia) is an Ubangian language spoken in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Pambia
Pambia language
Palumata
The Pallanganmiddang (Balangamida) is an extinct language of Australia. It is not close to any other.
Pallanganmiddang
Pallanganmiddang language
Pwaamei
Pamona (also Poso or Baree) is a language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages.
Pamona
Pamona language
Maharastri or Maharastri Prakrit, SIL: Mahārāṣṭri Prākrit (Marathi, Konkani: महाराष्ट्री प्राकृत), is a language of ancient and medieval India which is the ancestor of Marathi, Konkani, Sinhala and the Maldivian language as well. It is one of the many languages (often called dialects) of a complex called Prakrit, and the chief Dramatic Prakrit. Maharashtri was spoken for 1000 years (500 BC to 500 AD). It was used in numerous works of literature, and its literary use was made famous by the Sanskrit playwright Kālidāsa.
Maharashtri
Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit
Prākrit, Māhārāṣṭri
Northern Pumi
Pumi, Northern
Southern Pumi
Pumi, Southern
Pamlico
The Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir ("know") was a pidgin language used as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.
Lingua Franca
Lingua franca
Lingua franca mediterranea
Sabir
Mediterranean Lingua Franca
Pol is a Bantu language of Cameroon. Pol proper is spoken in central Cameroon; the Pomo and Kweso dialects are spoken in Congo and the CAR near the Cameroonian border.
Pol
Pomo
Pol language
Pam
Pom
Northern Pame
Pame, Northern
Paynamar is a divergent Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea.
Paynamar
Paynamar language
Piedmontese (, Piedmontese: Piemontèis) is a Romance language spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy. It is geographically and linguistically included in the Northern Italian group (with Lombard, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, and Venetan). It is part of the wider western group of Romance languages, including French, Occitan, and Catalan.
Idioma piamontés
Lingua piemontese
Língua piemontesa
Piemontese
Piemontesische Sprache
Piémontais
Piedmontese language
The Tuamotuan language or Paumotuan (Paumotuan: Re‘o Pa‘umotu or Reko Pa‘umotu ) is a Tahitic language spoken by about 6700 people in the Tuamotu Islands with an additional 2000 speakers in Tahiti. It has seven dialects or linguistic areas covering Parata, Vahitu, Maraga, Fagatau, Tapuhoe, Napuka and Mihiro.
Paumotu
Tuamotuan
Tuamotuische Sprache
Tuamotuan language
Mirpur Panjabi
Panjabi, Mirpur
Plains Miwok, also known as Valley Miwok, was one of the Miwok languages spoken in eastern California by the Plains Miwok people. It was spoken in the deltas of the San Joaquin and Cosumnes rivers. Plains Miwok was once one of the most populous Miwok languages. All of the population has shifted to English.
Plains Miwok
Miwok, Plains
Plains Miwok language
Poumei Naga
Naga, Poumei
Papuan Malay
Malay, Papuan
Southern Pame
Pame, Southern
Punan Bah-Biau
Western Panjabi ("Punjabi" ) is an Indo-Aryan language and is referred to specify the Punjabi language spoken and written in Punjab, Pakistan. Even though it is the mother tongue of the largest group of the people of Pakistan, the language has no official status nor is it used as medium of education at any level.
Western Panjabi
Panjabi, Western
Western Panjabi language
Yos
Pannei
Western Penan
Penan, Western
Pongu is a Kainji language spoken in Nigeria.
Pongu
Pongu language
The Penrhyn language is a Polynesian language spoken by about 600 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands of the Cook Islands. It is considered to be an endangered language.
Penrhyn
Tongareva
Penrhyn language
Aoheng
Pinjarup
The Pauna language, Paunaka, is an almost unknown Arawakan language in South America. It is an extremely endangered language, which belongs to the southern branch of the Arawakan language family and it is spoken in the Bolivian area of the Chiquitanía, near Santa Cruz and north of the Chaco region. The suffix -ka is a plural morpheme of the Chiquitano language, but has been assimilated into Pauna.
Idioma paunaka
Paunaka
Pauna language
Yotti
Punan Batu 1
Hagahai, also known as Pinai, is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea.
Pinai-Hagahai
Hagahai language
Panobo
Pancana
Pana
Pana (Burkina Faso)
Panim
Ponosakan
Yoron
Pontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia, and today mainly in northern Greece. Its speakers are referred to as Pontic Greeks or Pontian Greeks, although many Greeks mistakenly refer to some Pontic Greek speakers from Georgia as Russo-Ponti.
Grec pontique
Griego póntico
Lingua pontica
Pontic
Pontische Sprache
Pontic Greek
Kiong Nai ( Jiongnai) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Dahua County, Guangxi, China. The speakers autonym is pronounced or ; kjɔŋ means mountain, while nai means people' (Meng 2001:1).
Jiongnai Bunu
Bunu, Jiongnai
Kiong Nai language
Pinigura
Panyjima is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Hamersley Range, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is the traditional language of the Panyjima people. The name has also been spelled Bandjima, Banjima, Banyjima, Paanjima, Pandjima, Panjima, Panjtjima, and Panytyima.
Panytyima
Panyjima language
Phong Kniang is an Austro-Asiatic language of the Mon–Khmer family, spoken in Laos. Its nearest relatives are the fellow Xinh Mul tongues, the Khang language and Puoc language, both spoken in Vietnam. The number of speakers of Phong-Kniang is estimated at 1,000.
Phong-Kniang
Phong-Kniang language
Pinyin is a Bantoid language spoken by some 27,000 people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.
Pinyin
Pinyin language
Pana is an Mbum language of the Central African Republic. A few thousand speak it in southern Chad and northern Cameroon. The dialect of Cameroon, Man (3,000 speakers) may be a separate language.
Pana (Central African Republic)
Pana language
Yoy
Poqomam is a Mayan language, closely related to Poqomchi’. It is spoken by approximately 49,000 people in several small pockets in Guatemala, the largest of which is in the Alta Verapaz department but which extend to El Salvador.
Idioma pocomam
Língua pocomam
Pocomam-Sprache
Poqomam
Poqomam language
Ponares
San Juan Atzingo Popoloca
Popoloca, San Juan Atzingo
The Poke language (also called Puki, Tofoke, Topoke or Tovoke), is in the Kele language group of Bantu languages. It is spoken by the Topoke people of the Tshopo District, Isangi Territory, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Poke
Poke language
Potiguara is an extinct Tupi language formerly used by the Potiguara people of Brazil.
Idioma potiguara
Língua potiguara
Potiguára
Potiguara language
Poqomchi’ is a Mayan language spoken by the Poqomchi’ Maya of Guatemala, and is very closely related to Poqomam. Its two main dialects, eastern and western, were spoken by 90,000 or so people in the year 2000, in Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, and in the following municipalities of Alta Verapaz: Santa Cruz Verapaz, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Tactic, Tamahú and Tucurú. It is also the predominant language in the municipality of Chicamán (El Quiché), which borders Alta Verapaz.
Idioma poqomchí
Língua pocomchi
Pocomchí-Sprache
Poqomchi'
Poqomchi' language
Yatee Zapotec
Zapotec, Yatee
Sierra Popoluca, also sometimes referred to as Soteapanec, Soteapan Zoque, or Highland Popoluca, is a Mixe–Zoquean language of the Zoquean branch. It is spoken by around 30,000 indigenous Popoluca people in and around the town of Soteapan in the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz, Mexico. The speakers themselves call their language which means "true speech", and themselves .
Sierra Popoluca
Highland Popoluca
Popoluca, Highland
Phala
Pokangá
Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland (being that country's official language) and by Polish minorities in other countries. Its written standard is the Polish alphabet, which has several additions to the letters of the basic Latin script.
Polish
Polnisch
Polonais
polacco
polaco
Idioma polaco
Lingua polacca
Língua polaca
Polish language
Polnische Sprache
polonais
polonês
Southeastern Pomo, also known as Lower Lake Pomo, is a Pomoan language of Northern California. It was spoken along the eastern coast of Clear Lake, in Northern California.
Pomo du Sud-Est
Southeastern Pomo
Pomo, Southeastern
Southeastern Pomo language
Pohnpeian or Ponapean is a Micronesian language spoken mostly on the island of Pohnpei and the Caroline Islands. Pohnpeian has about 22,000 speakers. It is the major language of Pohnpei State (Federated States of Micronesia). Ngatikese, Pingelapese and Mokilese are counted as dialects of Pohnpeian or as closely related languages. Pohnpeian has a high language with a partly separate vocabulary, used in speaking about people of high rank. Pohnpeian spelling uses -h to mark a long vowel, rather like German: dohl mountain. German missionaries designed the orthography.
Pohnpeian
Ponapeanisch
pohnpei
pohnpeian
pohnpeiano
ponape
Pohnpeanische Sprache
Pohnpei
Pohnpeian language
Central Pomo is one of the seven Pomoan languages spoken in Northern California. It is currently an endangered language, with fewer than 10 speakers. It has a consonant inventory that is identical to the related Southern Pomo language with the following exceptions:
Central Pomo
Pomo central
Central Pomo language
Pomo, Central
Pwapwa
Pwapwâ
Texistepec Popoluca also called Texistepec Zoque is a Mixe–Zoquean language of the Zoquean branch spoken by around 400 indigenous Popoluca people in and around the town of Texistepec in Southern Veracruz, Mexico.
Texistepec Popoluca
Popoluca, Texistepec
Labo Phowa
Phowa, Labo
Portugiesisch
Portuguese
portoghese
portugais
portugués
português
Sayula Popoluca, also called Sayultec, is a Mixe language spoken by around 4,000 indigenous people in and around the town of Sayula de Alemán in the southern part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The language has been extensively studied by Lawrence E. Clark, whose results have been made available in numerous publications from the Summer Institute of Linguistics [see bibliography]. More recent studies of Sayula Popoluca have been conducted by Dennis Holt (lexico-semantics) and Richard Rhodes (morphology and syntax), but few of their findings have been published.
Sayula Popoluca
Popoluca, Sayula
Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi Bodéwadmimwen or Bodéwadmi Zheshmowen or Neshnabémwen) is a Central Algonquian language and is spoken around the Great Lakes in Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as in Kansas in the United States, and in southern Ontario in Canada, by 13 Potawatomi people, all elderly. There is currently an effort underway to revive the language.
Potawatomi
Potawatomi language
Guinea-Bissau Creole (native name kriol, kiriol or kriolu varying with dialects; crioulo da Guiné in Portuguese) is the lingua franca of the West African country of Guinea Bissau. It is a Portuguese-based creole language, closely related to Cape Verdean creole. Kriolu is spoken as a first language by approximately 15% (190,000) of Bissau-Guineans, and as a second language by approximately 46% (600,000); it is also spoken in parts of Senegal, primarily as a trade language. Portuguese itself is the official language of Guinea Bissau, although it is not spoken regularly by a majority of the population.
Criollo bissauguineano
Crioulo da Guiné-Bissau
Créole de Guinée-Bissau
Guineabissauisches Kreol
Upper Guinea Crioulo
Crioulo, Upper Guinea
Guinea-Bissau Creole
San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca
Popoloca, San Felipe Otlaltepec
The Polabian language is an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs in present-day North-Eastern Germany around the Elbe (Laba in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - along the Elbe). It was spoken approximately until the mid-18th century, when it was superseded by German, in the areas of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, central Brandenburg (Mittelmark) and eastern Saxony-Anhalt (Wittenberg), as well as in eastern parts of Lower Saxony (Wendland) and Schleswig-Holstein (Ostholstein and Lauenburg). In the south it bordered on the Sorbian languages area in Lusatia.
Idioma polabo
Lingua polaba
Língua polábia
Polabe
Polabian
Polabische Sprache
Polabian language
The Pogoro (also Pogolo) are an ethnic and linguistic group based in south-central Tanzania.
Pogolo
Pogoro
Pogolo language
Pao
Phola
Papi
Paipai is the native language of the Paipai peoples. It is part of the Yuman language family. There are very few speakers left because most Paipai now live in Kumeyaay villages.
Idioma paipai
Paipai
Paipai language
Uma
Pipil (natively Nawat) is a Uto-Aztecan language descended from Nahuatl which was spoken in several parts of present day Central America before the Spanish conquest. It is on the verge of extinction in western El Salvador (it is not being passed down to younger generations) and has already gone extinct elsewhere in Central America. In El Salvador it was the language of several tribes: Nonualcos, Cuscatlecos, Mazahuas, and Izalcos. The name Pipil for this language is used by the international scholarly community, chiefly to differentiate it more clearly from Nahuatl. In this article the name Nawat will be used whenever there is no risk of ambiguity.
Idioma pipil
Pipil
Nicarao
Pipil language
Papuma
Papapana
Folopa (also Podopa, Polopa, Podoba, or Foraba) is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Folopa
Folopa language
Phupha
Pelende
Pei
Piru
San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca
Popoloca, San Luís Temalacayuca
Pa, also known as Pare or Akium-Pare, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Pa language
The Sinicized Papora and Hoanya dialects constituted a Formosan language of Taiwan. They were spoken across the middle western side of the island, around Lishui, Chingshui, Shalu, and inland to Taichung.
Papora
Papora-Hoanya language
Pa'a is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Pa'a
Pa'a language
Phuma
Malecite–Passamaquoddy (also known as Maliseet–Passamaquoddy) is an endangered Algonquian language spoken by the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy peoples along both sides of the border between Maine in the United States and New Brunswick, Canada. The language consists of two major dialects: Malecite, which is mainly spoken in New Brunswick, and Passamaquoddy, spoken mostly in Maine. In both Canada and the U.S., most speakers are older adults. Only 1500 speakers of both dialects combined remain alive. Many younger people cannot speak the language, in particular, the Passamaquoddy dialect.
Malecite-Passamaquoddy
Malécite-passamaquoddy
Malecite-Passamaquoddy language
Lua'
The Parachi Language is a member of the Southeastern branch of the Eastern Iranian languages, but attempts to classify Parachi in the Northwestern Iranian languages have also been made. Parachi is spoken by some 600 individuals of the Paracha ethnic group in Afghanistan mainly in the upper part of Nijrab watershed (north of Kabul), out of a total ethnic Parachi population of some 5,000. It is related to the Ormuri language of Kaniguram in South Waziristan, Pakistan.
Parachi
Parachi language
Parsi-Dari
The Principense language, called lunguyê ("Language of the Island") by its speakers, is a Portuguese creole spoken in a community of some four thousand people in São Tomé and Príncipe, specifically on the island of Príncipe (there are two Portuguese-based creoles on São Tomé, Angolar and São Tomense), according to a 1989 study. Today it is mostly spoken by some elderly women (the Ethnologue entry lists 200 native speakers); most of the island's community speaks Portuguese; some also speak Forro.
Criollo principense
Principense
Principensische Sprache
Principense language
Paranan
Old Prussian (Prussian: Prūsiskan or Prūsiskai Bilā) is an extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians the indigenous peoples of the Prussia (not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name), now north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. The original territory also included eastern parts of Pomerelia (some parts of the region east of the Vistula River). It was also spoken much further east and south in what became Polesia and part of Podlasia with the conquests by Rus and Poles starting in the 10th century and by the German colonisation of the area which began in the 12th century. According to Gimbutas, the entire area has thousands of river names that can be traced back to an original Baltic language, even though they have undergone Slavicization.
Altpreußische Sprache
Idioma prusiano antiguo
Lingua prussiana
Prussian
Prussiano antigo
Vieux-prussien
Old Prussian language
Ani Phowa
Phowa, Ani
Porohanon is a Visayan language spoken in the Camotes Islands in the province of Cebu in the Philippines. Its closest relatives are Hiligaynon and Masbateño and is barely intelligible with Cebuano though it shares 87% of its vocabulary with it.
Porohanon
Porohanon language
The Paicî language is the most widely spoken of the two dozen languages on the main island of New Caledonia. It is spoken in a band across the center of the island.
Paicî
Paicî language
Parauk
Peruvian Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Peru. It is used primarily outside the classroom.
Lengua de señas peruana
Língua de sinais peruana
Peruvian Sign Language
The Porome or Kibiri language is a Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea. It was classified as a language isolate by Stephen Wurm, but Malcolm Ross has linked it to the Kiwaian languages, possibly part of the Trans–New Guinea family. There are over a thousand speakers.
Kibiri
Porome language
Vasi-vari is a language spoken by the Vasi in a few villages in the Prasun Valley in Afghanistan. The most used alternative names are Prasuni or Prasun, which derive from Pashto.
Prasun
Prasuni
Vasi-vari language
Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, ), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitan languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term occitanus appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: romans) or "Provençal" (Occitan: proensals) in medieval texts.
Altprovenzalisch
Ancien occitan
Antico occitano
Old Occitan
provenzal antiguo
provençal arcaico
Occitan, Old (to 1500)
Old Occitan (to 1500)
Old Provençal
Old Provençal (to 1500)
Provençal, Old (to 1500)
provenzale antico
provençal ancien
provençal ancien (jusqu'à 1500)
provençal, arcaico
Parsi
Alo Phola
Phola, Alo
Ashéninka Perené or Ashéninca Perené is an indigenous American language of the Arawakan family spoken by natives in Perú's Upper Perené river, a tributary of the Pachitea river. This variety of Ashéninka is somewhat mutually comprehensibale with other Ashéninka languages. It is official in the area where it is the predominantly spoken language in line with the Peruvian constitution. There is 30% literacy and 55% literacy for second language Spanish speakers. The language has had grammar developed. The tongue is sometimes called Perené Campa; Campa is considered an offensive term. 30% have some proficiency in Spanish while 40% have intermediate to advanced knowledge.
Perené Ashéninka
Ashéninka Perené
Purí is an extinct language of eastern Brazil.
Puri
Purí language
Afghan Persian
Persian, Afghan
Phai
Puragi
Parawen
Purik
Pray 3
Phupa
Providence Island Sign Language (also known as "Providencia Sign Language") is the sign language used by the deaf community on the small island community of Providence Island in the Western Caribbean, off the coast of Nicaragua but belonging to Colombia. The island is about and the total population is about 5000, of which a large number are deaf.
Lengua de señas de Providencia
Língua de Sinais da Providência
Providencia Sign Language
Providence Island Sign Language
Asue Awyu
Awyu, Asue
Persian Sign Language is the sign language used by Deaf and hard-of-hearing people in Iran.
Persian Sign Language
The Plains Indian sign languages (PISL) are various manually coded languages used, or formerly used, by various Native Americans of the Great Plains of the United States of America and Canada. The best known is Plains Standard Sign Language, a contact language (international auxiliary language) used between these peoples.
Plains Indian Sign Language
Bengkulu (Besemah, Pesemah), or Central Malay, is a language spoken on Indonesian island of Sumatra, around the city of Bengkulu.
Central Malay
Bengkulu language
Malay, Central
Penang Sign Language was developed in Malaysia by deaf children, outside the classroom, when oralism was predominant. It is now mainly used by older people, although many younger people can understand it.
Língua de sinais de Penang
Penang Sign Language
Zeem, or Chaari, is an endangered Chadic language of Nigeria, whose speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Zeem
Zeem language
Southwest Pashayi
Pashayi, Southwest
Phuza
Southeast Pashayi
Pashayi, Southeast
Puerto Rican Sign Language
Pauserna
Panasuan
Polish Sign Language ("Polski Język Migowy", PJM) is the language of the Deaf community in Poland. Its lexicon and grammar are distinct from the Polish language, although there is a manually coded version of Polish known as System Językowo-Migowy (SJM, or Signed Polish), which is often used by interpreters on television and by teachers in schools.
Polish Sign Language
Filipino Sign Language (FSL) or Philippine Sign Language, is a form of manual and visual communication that utilize hand gestures. FSL is used by deaf individuals, people unable to communicate verbally and people who are FSL interpreters
Filipino Sign Language
Língua de Sinais Filipina
Philippine Sign Language
Pasi
Yerakai (Yerekai) is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. It's highly divergent from other Sepik languages, being only 6% cognate with the Middle Sepik languages it is sometimes classified with.
Yerakai
Yerakai language
Portuguese Sign language is a sign language used mainly by Deaf people in Portugal.
Língua gestual portuguesa
Portuguese Sign Language
Kaulong is an Austronesian language spoken by about 4000 swidden farmers of the southwest hinterlands of Kandrian District, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Kaulong
Kaulong language
Central Pashto
Pashto, Central
A Dramatic Prakrit, Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in northern medieval India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries AD, though it was probably a spoken colloquial around the 5th century BC. Its descendants include the varieties of Hindi, the Central Zone of modern Indic or Hindi languages, the standard registers of Hindi-Urdu based on the Khariboli dialect, and the Punjabi language.
Sauraseni Prākrit
Prākrit, Sauraseni
Shauraseni language
Port Sandwich
Piscataway is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Piscataway, a dominant chiefdom on the Western Shore of Chesapeake Bay, in present-day Maryland, United States. Piscataway, also known as Conoy (from the Iroquois ethnonym for the tribe), is considered a dialect of Nanticoke.
Piscataway
Piscataway language
Pai Tavytera
Pataxó or Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe is an extinct native language of Brazil formally spoken by the Pataxó people of the Bahía region and Minas Gerais, Pôsto Paraguassu in Itabuna municipality. It is unclassified. The 2,950 individuals in the Pataxó tribe now speak Portuguese. Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe was also known as Patashó, Pataxi, and Pataxó-Hãhaãi.
Pataxó language
Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe
Pintiini
Patani
The Zoé language is spoken by the indigenous Zoé people of Pará, Brazil. It is similar to the Wayampi language.
Zo'é
Zo'é language
Yareba (or Middle Musa) is a language of Papua New Guinea.
Yareba
Yareba language
Patep
Piamatsina
Enrekang
Bambam
Port Vato
The Pentlatch or Puntlatch or Puntledge language is a Salishan language that was spoken on Canada's Vancouver Island in a small area between Comox and Campbell River, British Columbia. Pentlatch became extinct in the 1940s. The name of this people and their language survives on the modern map as that of the Puntledge River.
Pentlatch
Pentlatch language
Pathiya
Western Highland Purepecha
Purepecha, Western Highland
Purum
Punan Merap
Punan Aput
Yaure (Yaouré, Yohowré, Youré) is a Mande language of Ivory Coast. Dialects are Klan, Yaan, Taan, Yoo, Bhoo.
Yaouré
Yaure language
Puelche is an extinct or nearly extinct language spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken (Guenaken), Pehuenche, Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa, and may have five speakers, according to Ethnologue, if not it has gone extinct. Further afield, inclusion in a putative Macro-Jibaro family has been posited.
Gününa yajich
Idioma gününa këna
Puelche
Puelche language
Punan Merah
Puguli or Phuie is the language of the Phuo people. It is spoken in Burkina Faso.
Phuie
Puguli language
Puinave, Waipunavi (Guaipunabi) or Wanse (Wãnsöhöt), is a poorly attested and generally unclassified language of South America.
Idioma puinave
Puinave
Puinave language
Punan Tubu
Pu Ko
Puma (Puma: पुमा Pumā) is a Kiranti language spoken by about 4,310 people (Central bureau of statistics report 2001) in Diplung, Mauwabote, Devisthan, Pauwasera and Chisapani Village Development Committees of Khotang district and in some areas of Udayapur district, Nepal.
Puma
Puma language
Puoc
Pulabu
Puquina is an extinct language once spoken by the ancient Inca in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Perú and Bolivia) and in the north of what is now Chile.
Idioma puquina
Puquina language
The Puruborá language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages. It is also known as: Aurã, Cujubim, Burubora, Kuyubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho or Pumbora. Specifically it is spoken in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, in Costa Marques and around the headwaters of the Rio São Miguel tributary of the right bank of the Guaporé. It is nearly extinct, with only two native speakers left.
Puruborá
Purubora language
Yarí is the presumed language of the uncontacted Yari people, who are thought to number about 40. It may be a dialect of Carijona, a Western Tucanoan language, or Huitoto.
Idioma yarí
Yarí
Yarí language
Paschtu
Pashto
Pastú
pashto
pastó
Pushto
pachto
pastú
pastún
pushto
Putoh
Punu is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. Irimba is classified as a dialect, but may be relexified from a non-Bantu source.
Punu
Punu language
Puluwatese
Puare
Purisimeño
Purum Naga
Naga, Purum
Pawaia, also known as Sira, Tudahwe, Yasa, is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms a tentative independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). Although Pawaia has proto-Trans–New Guinea vocabulary, Ross considers its inclusion questionable on available evidence.
Pawaia
Pawaia language
Panawa
Gapapaiwa
Patwin
Molbog
Forest Nenets is a Samoyedic language spoken in northern Russia, around the Agan, Pur, Lyamin and Nadym rivers, by the Nenets people. It is closely related to the Tundra Nenets language, and the two are still sometimes seen as simply being dialects of a single Nenets language, despite there being low mutual intelligibility between the two. The next closest relatives are Nganasan and Enets, after them Selkup, and even more distantly the other Uralic languages.
Nenets
Nénètse des forêts
Forest Nenets language
Paiwan is a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan people, one tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines. Paiwan is a Formosan language of the Austronesian language family. The number of speakers is estimated to be 66,000.
Idioma paiwan
Lingua Paiwan
Paiwan
Paiwan language
Pánobo or Pano is a recently extinct Panoan language of Peru. Huariapano is sometimes considered a distinct language.
Panobo language
Karen, Pwo Western
Pwo Western Karen
Powari
Pwo Northern Karen
Karen, Pwo Northern
Quetzaltepec Mixe
Mixe, Quetzaltepec
Pye Krumen
Krumen, Pye
Fyam (Pyem, Gyem) is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Fyam
Fyam language
Poyanáwa
Paraguayan Sign Language
Lengua de Señas del Paraguay
The Puyuma language is the language of the Puyuma people, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a divergent Formosan language of the Austronesian family. Most speakers are older adults.
Lingua Puyuma
Puyuma
Puyuma language
The Pyu language (, ; also Tircul language) is an extinct Tibeto-Burman language, mainly spoken in present day central Burma (Myanmar) in the first millennium CE. It was the vernacular of the Pyu city-states which thrived between the second century BCE and the 9th century CE. Its usage declined, starting in the late 9th century when the Mranma (Burmans) of the Nanzhao Kingdom began to overtake the Pyu realm. The language was still in use, at least in royal inscriptions of the Pagan Empire, if not in popular vernacular, until the late 12th century. It became extinct in the 13th century, completing the rise of Burmese language, the language of the Pagan Empire, in Upper Burma, the former Pyu realm.
Pyu (Myanmar)
Pyen
The Nheengatu language ( in original Tupi pronunciation), often spelled Nhengatu, is an Amerindian language of a Tupi–Guarani family. It is also known by the Portuguese names língua geral da Amazônia and língua geral amazônica, both meaning "Amazonian General Language," or even by the Latin lingua brasilica (Brazilian Language). Nheengatu originated in northern Brazil in the 17th century as a lingua franca. Now known as nheengatu (also nhengatu, nyengatú, língua geral, geral, yeral), it is still spoken along the Rio Negro in northern Brazil (as well as in neighboring Colombia and Venezuela).
Nheengatu
Nhengatu
Ñe'engatú
Nheengatu language
Para Naga
Naga, Para
Sahaptin (also Shahaptin), Sħáptənəxw, is a Plateau Penutian language of the Sahaptian branch spoken in a section of the northwestern plateau along the Columbia River and its tributaries in southern Washington, northern Oregon, and southwestern Idaho.
Idioma sahaptin
Lingua Shahaptin
Sahaptin language
Quapaw
Huallaga Huánuco Quechua
Quechua, Huallaga Huánuco
The K’iche’ language (Quiché in Spanish, Qatzijobal "our language" to its speakers) is a part of the Mayan language family. It is spoken by many Kiche people in the central highlands of Guatemala. With close to a million speakers (some 7% of Guatemalas population), it is the second-most widely spoken language in the country after Spanish. Most speakers of Kiche also have at least a working knowledge of Spanish except in some isolated rural villages. One of the notable speakers of the Quiché language is Rigoberta Menchú.
Idioma quiché
K'iche'
Língua quiché
Quiché
Quiché-Sprache
K’iche’ language
Calderón Highland Quichua
Quichua, Calderón Highland
Quechua (endonym: Runa Simi) is a Native South American language family and dialect cluster spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably some 8 to 10 million speakers (estimates vary widely). At the time of the conquest, the Incans referred to their language as "runasimi", only later to be mistakenly called quechua by conquistadors. Many contemporary Andean Quechua speakers still call it "runasimi" (or regional variants thereof), literally "people speech", although "runa" here has the more specific sense of "indigenous Andean" people.
Quechua
quechua
quíchua
Lenguas quechuas
Lingue quechua
Quechua languages
Quechuan
Quechuan (family)
Quechuan languages
Quíchua
quechua (famille)
Inkawasi-Kañaris is a variety of Quechua spoken in the districts of Incahuasi and Cañaris, Ferreñafe in the Peruvian region of Lambayeque.
Incahuasi-Cañaris
Inkawasi-Kañaris
Lambayeque Quechua
Inkawasi-Kañaris Quechua
Quechua, Lambayeque
Chimborazo Highland Quichua
Quichua, Chimborazo Highland
South Bolivian Quechua, also known as Central Bolivian Quechua, is a variety of Southern Quechua, spoken mainly in Bolivia and belonging to Qusqu-Qullaw Quechua. It is also spoken in Argentina, where it is also known as Colla. There are 2,800,000 speakers in Bolivia and 860,000 in Argentina, and maybe 8,000 in Chile, making a total of 3,700,000.
Quechua in Bolivien
Quechua sudboliviano
South Bolivian Quechua
Quechua, South Bolivian
Quileute , also known as Quillayute , is the only surviving Chimakuan language, spoken by a few Quileute and Makah elders on the western coast of the Olympic peninsula south of Cape Flattery at La Push and the lower Hoh River in Washington State, USA. The name Quileute comes from kʷoʔlí·yot’ , the name of a village at La Push.
Quileute
Quileute language
Chachapoyas Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken in the provinces of Chachapoyas and Luya in the Peruvian region of Amazonas.
Chachapoyas Quechua
Chachapoyas-Quechua
Quechua chachapoyano
Quechua, Chachapoyas
North Bolivian Quechua
Quechua, North Bolivian
Sipakapense is a Mayan language, closely related to Kiche. It is spoken natively within indigenous Sipakapense communities, primarily based in the Guatemalan municipality of Sipacapa, department of San Marcos.
Idioma sipacapense
Língua sipacapense
Sipacapense
Sipakapense
Sipakapensisch
Sipakapense language
Quinault
Yirrk-Mel
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Quechua, Southern Pastaza
Quinqui
Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua
Quechua, Yanahuanca Pasco
Santiago del Estero Quichua or Santiagueño Quichua (Santiagen Quichua) is an Amerindian language spoken by ca. 60,000 people (estimates vary widely) in Argentina. It is spoken in the province of Santiago del Estero. Long standing migration has also resulted in the presence of the language in other provinces of northeastern Argentina and in Buenos Aires.
Argentinisches Quechua
Quichua santiagueño
Santiago del Estero Quichua
Quichua, Santiago del Estero
Sakapultek or Sacapulteco is a Mayan language very closely related to Kiche(Quiché). It is spoken by approximately 15,000 people in Sacapulas, El Quiché department and in Guatemala City.
Idioma sacapulteco
Língua sacapulteca
Sacapulteco
Sakapultekisch
Sakapulteko
Sakapultek language
Yerong
Tena Lowland Quichua
Quichua, Tena Lowland
Yauyos Quechua
Quechua, Yauyos
Ayacucho (also called Chanca or Chanka, after the former Chancas local tribe that dominated the area before Incan conquest) is one dialect of the Quechua language, spoken in the Ayacucho region of Peru, as well as by immigrants from Ayacucho in Lima. With roughly a million speakers, it is one of the largest dialects of the language along with Cusco Quechua. The literary standard of Southern Quechua is based on these two closely related Quechua varieties.
Ayacucho Quechua
Chanka-Quechua
Quechua ayacuchano
Quechua, Ayacucho
Cusco Quechua is a dialect of the Southern Quechua language, more specifically Qusqu-Qullaw Quechua, spoken in city and the department of Cusco.
Cusco Quechua
Cusco-Quechua
Quechua cuzqueño
Quechua, Cusco
Ambo-Pasco Quechua
Quechua, Ambo-Pasco
Cajamarca Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken in the districts of Chetilla, Baños del Inca and Cajamarca (Porcón) in the Peruvian province of Cajamarca.
Cajamarca Quechua
Cajamarca-Quechua
Quechua cajamarquino
Quechua, Cajamarca
Eastern Apurímac Quechua
Quechua, Eastern Apurímac
Yarsun
Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua
Quechua, Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco
Imbabura Highland Quichua
Quichua, Imbabura Highland
Loja Highland Quichua
Quichua, Loja Highland
Cajatambo North Lima Quechua
Quechua, Cajatambo North Lima
Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua
Quechua, Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha
North Junín Quechua
Quechua, North Junín
Napo Lowland Quechua
Quechua, Napo Lowland
Yarawata
Pacaraos Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken until the middle of the 20th century in the community of Pacaraos (Pacaraos District) in the Peruvian Lima Region in the Chancay valley up to 3000 m above sea level.
Pacaraos Quechua
Pacaraos-Quechua
Quechua de Pacaraos
Quechua, Pacaraos
Lamas Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken in the provinces of Lamas in the Peruvian region of San Martin and in some villages on the river Huallaga in the region of Ucayali.
Lamas Quechua
Lamas-Quechua
Quechua lamista
Quechua, San Martín
San Martín Quechua
Huaylla Wanca Quechua
Quechua, Huaylla Wanca
Queyu
Northern Pastaza Quichua
Quichua, Northern Pastaza
Corongo Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Corongo Ancash
Tokano is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken by approximately 6000 people in the Goroka District of the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Gamuso, Tokama, Yufiyufa, Zaka, Zuhozuho and Zuhuzuho.
Tokano
Tokano language
Classical Quechua
Quechua, Classical
Yarluyandi
Huaylas Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Huaylas Ancash
Cuman (also Kuman, ISO 639-3: qwm) was a Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to the today's Crimean Tatar language. The Kipchak language/Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and it was a literary language in the Central and Eastern Europe that left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (lingua franca) of the Golden Horde.
Couman
Idioma cumano
Lingua cumana
Cuman language
Kuman (Russia)
Sihuas Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Sihuas Ancash
Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai
Chiquián Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Chiquián Ancash
Yassic
Chincha Quechua
Quechua, Chincha
Panao Huánuco Quechua
Quechua, Panao Huánuco
Salasaca Highland Quichua
Quichua, Salasaca Highland
Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Northern Conchucos Ancash
Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
Quechua, Southern Conchucos Ancash
Qusqu-Qullaw (Spanish also Cuzco-Collao) is a variety of the Quechua language family, spoken throughout southern Peru (departments of Cusco and Puno), Bolivia, and northern Argentina, including the prestige dialect of Cusco Quechua. With about four million speakers, it is one of the largest dialects, along with Ayacucho Quechua. The literary standard of Southern Quechua is based on these two closely related Quechua varieties.
Cuzco-Collao
Puno Quechua
Qusqu-Qullaw
Cusco-Collao Quechua
Quechua, Puno
Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Ghashghayi, Qashqa'i, and Qashqayi) is a Turkic language spoken by the Qashqai people, an ethnic group living mainly in the Fars region of Iran. Estimates of the number of Qashqai speakers vary. Ethnologue gives a figure of one and a half million. The Qashqai language is closely related to Azerbaijani, and some linguists consider it to be a dialect of that language.
Idioma kashgai
Kachkaï
Kaschgaische Sprache
Qashqa'i
Qashqai language
Samatao
Cañar Highland Quichua
Quichua, Cañar Highland
Southern Qiang is a Qiangic language of the Tibeto-Burman language family spoken by approximately 81,300 people along the Minjiang (岷江) river in Sichuan Province, China.
Southern Qiang
Qiang, Southern
Southern Qiang language
Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua
Quechua, Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco
Arequipa-La Unión Quechua
Quechua, Arequipa-La Unión
Jauja Wanca Quechua
Quechua, Jauja Wanca
Quenya ( ) is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his Secondary world, often called Middle-earth.
Quenya
Quiripi (pronounced , also known as Quiripi-Unquachog, Quiripi-Naugatuck, and Wampano) was an Algonquian language formerly spoken by the indigenous people of southwestern Connecticut and central Long Island, including the Quinnipiac, Naugatuck, Unquachog, Mattabesic, Potatuck, Weantinock, and Paugussett. It has been effectively extinct since the end of the 18th century, although Frank T. Siebert, Jr., was able to record a few Unquachog words from an elderly woman in 1932.
Quiripi
Quiripi language
Sonaga
Dungmali
The Camling or Chamling language is one of the Kiranti languages spoken by the Kiranti and Rai peoples of eastern Nepal. Alternate names include Chamling, Chamlinge Rai and Rodong (which means "Kiranti"). It is closely related to the Bantawa (some Bantawa-speaking communities call their language "Camling") and Puma languages of the Kiranti language family in eastern Nepal, and it belongs to the broader Sino-Tibetan language family. Important versions of the Mundhum — the main scripture forming the religious foundation of the Kiranti Mundhum religion and the cultural heritage of the various Kiranti tribes — are composed in Camling; such versions are distinctive to the Camling-speaking tribes and a guide to their distinctive religious practices and cultural identity.
Camling
Camling language
Rasawa is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It shares half of its basic vocabulary with the Saponi language, but it's not clear if they are related.
Rasawa
Rasawa language
Rade
Western Meohang
Meohang, Western
Logooli
Lulogooli
Rabha
Yugoslavian Sign Language
Ramoaaina
Rajasthani (Devanagari: , Perso-Arabic: ) is a dialect cluster of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by 50 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India and in some areas of Pakistan. The number of speakers may be up to 80 million worldwide. It is one of the languages developed from Old Gujarati, Maru-Gujar or Maruwani, the other being modern Gujarati.
Rajasthani
rajastani
rajasthani
Língua rajastani
Rajasthani language
The Tulu-Bohuai language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 1400 people on central Manus Island and on Peli Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.
Tulu-Bohuai
Tulu-Bohuai language
Ralte is a Kukish language of Burma. Though an equivalent number of ethnic Ralte people live in India, fewer than a thousand speak the language.
Ralte
Ralte language
Canela is a Ge language spoken in Brazil.
Canela
Língua Canela
Canela language
Riantana
Rao is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. In older literature it may be called Annaberg.
Rao
Rao language
Sani is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China.
Sani
Yi sani
Sani language
Rapa Nui , also known as Pascuan or Pascuense, is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken on the island of Rapa Nui, also known as Easter Island.
Rapanui
rapanui
Idioma rapanui
Língua rapanui
Osterinsel-Sprache
Rapa Nui language
Saam
Rarotongan
Rarotonganisch
rarotonga
rarotongano
Cook Islands Maori
Maori, Cook Islands
rarotongien
Tegali (also spelled Tagale, Tegele, Tekele, Togole) is a Niger–Congo language in the Rashad family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan, in and around the town of Rashad. It is closely related to Tagoi.
Taqali
Tegali
Tegali language
Razajerdi
Raute is a small Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. Half of its speakers are nomadic.
Raute
Raute language
Sampang is a subgroup of Rai and belongs to Central Kiranti.
Sampang
Sampang language
Rawang is a Tibeto-Burman language of India and Burma.
Rawang
Rawang language
Rang
Rapan is the language of Rapa, in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia. It is classified as an East Central Polynesian language, along with the Marquesic and Tahitic languages.
Idioma rapa
Rapa
Rapaische Sprache
Rapan language
Rahambuu
Rumai Palaung
Palaung, Rumai
Nisi
Nisi (China)
Northern Bontok
Bontok, Northern
Miraya Bikol
Bikol, Miraya
Barababaraba
Réunion Creole or Reunionese Creole (En), or Créole Réunionnais in French (in Réunion Creole: Kréol Réyoné) is a creole language spoken on Réunion. It is derived mainly from French and a few terms from other languages (Malagasy, Hindi, Portuguese, Gujurati and Tamil). In the recent years, some groups have tried to come up with a spelling dictionary and grammar rules but there is still no official version. Partly because of the lack of an official orthography but also because schools are taught in French, Réunion Creole is rarely written. Notably, two Asterix translations into it have been published.
Creolo della Riunione
Criollo de Reunión
Créole réunionnais
Réunion Creole
Réunion-Kreolisch
Creole French, Réunion
Réunion Creole French
Rudbari
Rerau
Rembong
Rejang Kayan
Kayan, Rejang
Southern Lolopo
Lolopo, Southern
Kara (Tanzania)
Reli
Rejang is spoken by the Rejang people in Bengkulu, Indonesia. It is a Malayo-Polynesian language but has not been further classified. It has five major dialects. The language is quite different from the similarly named language group Rejang–Baram which is spoken on the island of Borneo in Sarawak and Kalimantan.
Rejang
Rejang language
Rendille (also known as Rendile, Randile) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Kenya by the Rendille. However, many Rendille are showing a preference for Samburu as their primary language.
Rendille
Rendille language
Remo (Rheno), also Sakuya (Sacuya) or Kukuini (Cucuini), is an extinct Panoan language of Amazonas, Peru.
Remo
Remo language
Rengao is a North Bahnaric language. It is spoken in parts of south and central Vietnam. A 1973 survey indicated that there were around 15,000 native speakers
Rengao
Rengao language
Rer Bare
Reshi is a Kainji language of Nigeria.
Resche
Reshe
Reshe language
Sirenik Yupik, Sireniki Yupik (also Old Sirenik or Vuteen), Sirenik or Sirenikskiy is an extinct Eskimo–Aleut language. It was spoken in and around the village of Sireniki (Сиреники) in Chukotka Peninsula, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The language shift has been a long process, ending in total language death. In January 1997 the last native speaker of the language, a woman named Vyie (Valentina Wye) died. Thus, the language is extinct: The endonym for the people itself is "Sirenikites"; the singular form is ).
Sirenik
Sirenik Yupik
Idioma sirenik
Sirenik Eskimo language
Yupik, Sirenik
Retta
Reyesano is a Tacanan language that was spoken by only a few speakers, including children, in 1961 in Bolivia. It is considered nearly extinct.
Reyesano
Reyesano language
Roria
Romano-Greek (also referred to as Hellenoromani; ) is a nearly extinct mixed language (referred to as Para-Romani in Romani linguistics), spoken by the Romani people in Greece that arose from language contact between Romani speaking people and the Greek language. Typologically the language is structured on Greek with heavy lexical borrowing from Romani.
Romano-Greek
Romano-Greek language
Rangas (Rangkas) was a West Himalayish language spoken by the Rangas people of Uttaranchal, India. The Rangas joined the Kumaoni people and shifted to their language.
Rangkas
Rangas language
Romagnol is a Romance language mostly spoken in Romagna (Northern Italy, part of the region Emilia-Romagna, Italy), Republic of San Marino and Northern Marche.
Dialeto romagnol
Dialetto romagnolo
Romagnol
Romagnol language
Resígaro is a possibly extinct Arawakan language of Peru.
Resígaro
Resígaro language
Southern Roglai
Roglai, Southern
Ringgou
Rohingya (Ruáingga) is a language spoken by the Rohingya people of Arakan (Rakhine), Burma (Myanmar). It is smiliar to the Chittagonian language spoken in the neighboring southeastern Chittagong Division of Bangladesh. .
Rohingya
Rohingya language
Yahang (Ya’unk) Ruruhip (Ruruhi’ip) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It shares the name Ruruhip with Heyo.
Yahang
Yahang language
Riang
Riang (India)
Rien
Rifian or Rifian Berber (Rifian: Tarifit or Tamaziγt Tarifit), also called Rif, is a Northern variety of Berber spoken by about 4 million Rifian people mainly in the Moroccan Rif, in parts of eastern Morocco, and in other cities.
Idioma rifeño
Lingua tarifit
Língua rifenha
Rifain
Tarifit
Rifian language
Yessan-Mayo, or Yessan, is a Papuan language spoken by 2000 people in Papua-New Guinea.
Yessan-Mayo
Yessan language
Riang is a Mon–Khmer language of Burma and China. Speakers are culturally assimilated with the Karen, but their language is unrelated.
Riang (Myanmar)
Riang language
The Turu or Nyaturu language, Kinyaturu, also known as Rimi Kirimi, is a Bantu language of spoken by the Wanyaturu Arimi of the Singida region of Tanzania. Excluding the Bantu language prefixes Ke- and Ki-, other spellings of the language are Limi and Remi. Dialects of the three Turu tribes are Girwana of the Airwana (Wilwana), Chahi of the Vahi (Wahi), and Ginyamunyinganyi of the Anyiŋanyi (Wanyinganyi).
Nyaturu
Turu language
Nungu is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
Nungu
Nungu language
Ribun is a Dayak language of Borneo.
Ribun
Ribun language
Ritarungo
Riung
Rajong
Raji
Rajbanshi
Kraol
The Rikbaktsa language, also spelled Aripaktsa, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa and known ambiguously as Canoeiro, is a language spoken by the Rikbaktsa people of the Mato Grosso, Brazil, that forms its own branch of the Macro-Gê languages.
Idioma rikbaktsá
Rikbaktsa
Rikbaktsa language
Sanie
Rakahanga-Manihiki is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant belonging to the Polynesian languages family, spoken by about 2500 people on Rakahanga and Manihiki Islands (part of the Cook Islands) and another 2500 in other countries, mostly New Zealand and Australia. Wurm and Hattori consider Rakahanga-Manihiki as a distinct language with "limited intelligibility with Rarotongan" (i.e. the Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant of Rarotonga). According to the New Zealand Maori anthropologist Te Rangi Hīroa who spent few days on Rakahanga in the years 1920, "the language is a pleasing dialect and has closer affinities with [New Zealand] Maori than with the dialects of Tongareva, Tahiti, and the Cook Islands"
Manihiki
Rakahanga-Manihiki
Rakahanga-Manihiki language
Rakhine
Marka
Marka language
Rangpuri is a Indic language spoken by ten million Rajbongshi people in Bangladesh, and five million in India, where they are known as Rajbanshi. Many are bilingual in either Bengali or Assamese. There is a strong language movement in West Bengal.
Kamta
Rajbanshi language
Rangpuri
Rangpuri language
Arakwal
Rama is one of the indigenous languages of the Chibchan family spoken by the Rama people on the island of Rama Cay and south of lake Bluefields on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. Other indigenous languages of this region include Miskito and Sumu . Rama is one of the northernmost languages of the Chibchan family .
Rama
Rama language
Zulu is the language of the Zulu people with about 10 million speakers, the vast majority (over 95%) of whom live in South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population) as well as being understood by over 50% of the population (Ethnologue 2005). It became one of South Africa's eleven official languages in 1994.
Zulu
zulú
zoulou
zulu
IsiZulu
Zulu language
Idioma zulú
Zoulou
Lingua zulu
Língua zulu
Rembarunga
Talu
Carpathian Romani
Romani, Carpathian
Traveller Danish
Danish, Traveller
Angloromani or Anglo-Romani (literally "English Romani", or Pogadi Chib) is a language combining aspects of English and Romani, which is a language spoken by the Romani people; an ethnic group who trace their origins to the Indian subcontinent. Angloromani is spoken in the UK, Australia, the US and South Africa.
Anglo-Romani
Angloromani
Anglorromaní
Angloromani language
Finnish Kalo is a language of the Romani language family (a subgroup of Indo European) spoken by Finnish Kale. The language is not inherently intelligible with Scandoromani or Angloromani. The speakers of the language originally came from Scotland.
Kalo Finnish Romani
Finnish Kalo language
Romani, Kalo Finnish
Rodi, also known by the ambiguous term Traveller Norwegian, is a language spoken by the indigenous Norwegian Travellers in Norway. It is an offshoot of Norwegian with significant influence of Sinti, Rotwelsch and, especially in recent decades, Scandoromani. It is intelligible to speakers of the latter, which is also sometimes called Traveller Norwegian, Traveller Swedish.
Rodi
Rodi language
Norwegian, Traveller
Traveller Norwegian
Murkim is an unclassified Papuan language spoken in Western New Guinea, near the unclassified languages Lepki and Kembra. Though spoken by fewer than 300 people, it's being learned by children.
Murkim
Murkim language
Lomavren ( ) is a nearly extinct mixed language, spoken by the Lom people that arose from language contact between proto-Romani-speaking people and the Armenian language.
Lomavren
Lomavren language
Tanglang
Romkun
Baltic Romani
Romani, Baltic
Roma or Romang is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 1,700 people in Jersusu village on Romang Island in Maluku, Indonesia.
Roma
Romang language
Balkan Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in various Balkan countries.
Balkan Romani
Romani, Balkan
Sinti-Manouche (also known as Sintenghero Tschib(en), Sintitikes or Romanes) is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of northern Italy and other adjacent regions. It is characterized by significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other forms of Romani.
Sinte Romani
Sintitikes
Romani, Sinte
Sinti-Manouche language
Rempi
Caló (; ; , European Brazilian ) is a language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani. It is a mixed language (referred to as a Para-Romani language in Romani linguistics) based on Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items through language shift by the Romani community. It is often used as an argot, a secret language for discreet communication amongst Iberian Romani. Portuguese Calão, Catalan Caló, and Spanish Caló are closely related varieties that share a common root.
Caló
Idioma caló
Lingua caló
Caló language
Thopho
Romanian Sign Language
Domari is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by the Dom people across the Middle East, mainly in Iran and Egypt, but significant numbers of speakers are also found in India where they are known as Domba.
Domari
Domari language
Scandoromani (, , alt. tavringens rakripa ), also known as Tavringer Romani and the Tattare language, is a North Germanic based Para-Romani. It is currently spoken by the Norwegian and Swedish Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Sweden (ca. 25,000 speakers) and Norway (ca. 6,000 speakers).
Skandinavisches Romani
Tavringer Romani
Romani, Tavringer
Scandoromani language
Romanova
Welsh Romani (or Welsh Romany; sometimes also known as Kååle ) is a variety of the Romani language which was spoken fluently in Wales until at least 1950. It was spoken by the Kale group of the Romani people who arrived in Britain during the 15th century. The first record of Gypsies in Wales comes from the 16th century. Welsh-Romani is one of the many Northern Romani dialects.
Welsh Romani
Welsh-Romani
Romani, Welsh
Welsh-Romani language
Romam
Vlax Romani is a dialect group of the Romani language. Vlax Romani varieties are spoken mainly in Southeastern Europe by Romani people. Vlax Romani can also be referred to as an independent language or as one dialect of the Romani language. Vlax Romani is the most widely-spoken dialect subgroup of the Romani language worldwide. Most Vlax Romani speakers live in Romania (241,617), Colombia (79,000) and Albania (60,000).
Romaní vlax
Vlax Romani
Romani, Vlax
Vlax Romani language
Yout Wam
Marma
Runa
Ruund (Ruwund), or Northern Lunda, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.
Ruund
Ruund language
Ronga (XiRonga; sometimes ShiRonga or GiRonga) is a South-Eastern Bantu language in the Tswa–Ronga family spoken just South of Maputo in Mozambique. It extends a little into South Africa. It has about 650,000 speakers in Mozambique and a further 90,000 in South Africa, with dialects including Konde, Putru and Kalanga.
Língua ronga
Ronga
Xironga
Ronga language
Ranglong
Roon
Rangpo (Rongpo) was a West Himalayish language of India.
Rongpo
Rongpo language
Yatay
Nari Nari
Rungwa
Tae'
Cacgia Roglai
Roglai, Cacgia
Rogo
Yucatec Maya (Yukatek Maya in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala), called Màaya tàan (lit. "Maya speech") by its speakers, is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Belize. To native speakers, it is known only as Maya - "Yucatec" is a tag linguists use to distinguish it from other Mayan languages (such as Kiche and Itza Maya).
Idioma maya
Iucateque
Lingua maya yucateca
Maya yucatèque
Mayathan
Yucateco
Maya, Yucatec
Yucatec Maya
Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec language
Ronji
The Rombo language, or Kirombo, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken by approximately 300,000 Chaga people (1992 UBS). It is spoken in the Chaga area of the Kilimanjaro region. Rombo is closely related to the other Chaga languages Vunjo, Moshi, and Machame languages, with which it is said to form a dialect continuum.
Rombo
rombo
Rombo language
Northern Roglai
Roglai, Northern
Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumants(c)h, or Romanche; Romansh: rumantsch/rumauntsch/romontsch; German: Rätoromanisch; Italian: Romancio) is one of the four national languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and French. It is one of the Rhaeto-Romance languages, believed to have descended from the Vulgar Latin variety spoken by Roman era occupiers of the region, and, as such, is closely related to French, Occitan and Lombard, as well as other Romance languages to a lesser extent.
Romanche
Romansh
Rätoromanisch
romanche
romancio
Bündnerromanisch
Lingua romancia
Língua romanche
Romansh language
retorrománico
Romblomanon is a Visayan language spoken, along with the Asi and Onhan languages, in the province of Romblon in the Philippines. The language is also called Ini, Tiyad Ini, Basi, Niromblon, Sibuyanon, and Bisaya.
Romblomanon
Romblomanon language
Romani or Romany, Gypsy or Gipsy is any of several languages of the Romani people. They are Indic, sometimes classified in the "Central" or "Northwestern" zone, and sometimes treated as a branch of their own.
Romani
Romany
romani
romaní
Idioma romaní
Lingua romaní
Romani language
romanês
tsigane
tzigane
Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova. It has official status in Romania, Republic of Moldova, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia and in the autonomous Mount Athos in Greece. In the Republic of Moldova, the language is officially called limba moldovenească ("Moldovan").
Romanian
Roumain
Rumänisch
romeno
rumano
rumeno
Idioma rumano
Lingua rumena
Língua romena
Romanian language
Rumänische Sprache
roumain
Keriaka Ramopa is an East Papuan of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.
Rotokas
Ramopa language
Kriol is an Australian creole language that developed initially in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales in the early days of White colonisation, and then moved west and north with White and Black stockmen and others. It has died out in most parts of the country, except in the Northern Territory, where the contact between European settlers, Chinese and other Asians and the indigenous people in the northern regions of Australia has maintained a vibrant use of the language. It is presently spoken by about 30,000 people. Despite the language's similarities to English in vocabulary, it has a distinct syntactic structure and grammar, and is, therefore, a language in its own right.
Crioulo australiano
Créole australien
Kriol
Australian Kriol language
Rongga
Runga
Dela-Oenale
Repanbitip
Rapting
Ririo
The Waima language (sometimes known as Roro, though this is strictly the name of one dialect of Waima) is a Nuclear West Central Papuan Tip language of the Oceanic group of Malayo-Polynesian languages, spoken in Papua New Guinea by 15,000 people. The three dialects, Waima, Roro, and Paitana, are very close.
Roro
Waima
Waima language
Arritinngithigh
The Romano-Serbian language is a mixed language (referred to as a Para-Romani variety in Romani linguistics) resulting from language contact between Serbian Serbo-Croatian and Romani in Serbia and distinct from the Vlax Romani dialects spoken in Serbia.
Romano-Serbian
Romano-Serbian language
Rennellese Sign Language is the nearly extinct indigenous deaf sign language of Rennell Island, which has a high degree of congenital deafness. It was developed about 1915 by a deaf person named Kagobai, and was also used by hearing people in the community.
Rennellese Sign Language
Russian Sign Language is the sign language of the deaf community in Russia. It has a grammar unlike the (spoken or written) Russian language, with much stricter word order and word formation rules. Russian sign language belongs to a family of French sign language and is similar to American sign language. Vocabulary from Austrian sign language also heavily influences Russian sign language.
Russian Sign Language
Yugambeh (many other names; see below) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by the Yugambeh Bundjalung people living on the South-East Queensland coast between the Logan River and the Tweed River (including South Stradbroke Island).
Yugambal
Yugambeh language
Rungtu Chin
Chin, Rungtu
Ratahan
Rotuman, also referred to as Rotunan, Rutuman or Fäeag Rotuma, is an Austronesian language spoken by the indigenous people of the South Pacific island group of Rotuma, an island with a Polynesian-influenced culture that was incorporated as a dependency into the Colony of Fiji in 1881. Classification of Rotuman is difficult due to the large number of loan words from Samoan and Tongan, as a result of much cultural exchange over the history of the Pacific. Linguist Andrew Pawley groups the language with the West Fijian languages in a West Fijian – Rotuman branch of the Central Pacific sub-group of Oceanic languages.
Rotuman
Rotumanische Sprache
Rotuman language
Rathawi
Gungu is a Bantu language of Uganda.
Gungu
Gungu language
Ruuli
Rusyn (Rusyn: русинська бесіда or русиньскый язык ), also known in English as Ruthenian, is an East Slavic language variety spoken by the Rusyns of Central Europe. Some linguists treat it as a distinct language and it has its own ISO 639-3 code; others treat it as a dialect of Ukrainian. Each categorisation has controversial political implications.
Idioma rusino
Lingua rutena
Russinische Sprache
Rusyn
Rusyn language
Luguru is a Bantu language spoken by the Luguru people of the Morogoro region of Tanzania. The name is also spelled Lughuru, Lugulu, Ruguru. It is closely related to Gogo and Zaramo, but is not intelligible with other languages.
Luguru
Luguru language
Roviana is a member of the North West Solomonic subgroup of Oceanic languages. It is spoken around Roviana and Vonavona lagoons at the north central New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. It has 9870 first-language speakers and further 16,000 mostly over 30 years old speak it as a second language (Raymond 2005).In the past, Roviana was widely used as a trade language and further used as a lingua franca especially for church purposes in the Western Province but now it is being replaced by the Solomon Islands Pijin. Few published studies on Roviana language include: Ray (1926), Waterhouse (1949) and Todd (1978) contain the syntax of Roviana language. Corston-Oliver (1996 & 2002) discuss about the ergativity in Roviana. Todd (2000) and Ross (1988) discuss the clause structure in Roviana.
Roviana
Roviana language
Ruga
Rufiji, also known as Fiji or Ruihi, is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Rufiji
Rufiji language
The Yuchi language is the language of the Yuchi people living in the southeastern United States, including eastern Tennessee, western Carolinas, northern Georgia and Alabama, in the period of early European colonization. However, speakers of the Yuchi language were forcibly relocated to Oklahoma in the early 19th century. Due to assimilation into Muscogee and English-speaking culture, only a few elderly speakers of the Yuchi language remain. In 2000 the estimated number of fluent Yuchi speakers was 15, but this number dwindled to 7 by 2006 and 5 by 2010. The Euchee Language Project teaches Yuchi classes in Sapulpa, Oklahoma, free of charge.
Idioma yuchi
Yuchi
Yuchi language
Ce (Che), or Rukuba, is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria.
Che
Ce language
Kirundi, also known as Rundi, is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language spoken by some 8.7 million people in Burundi and adjacent parts of Tanzania and Congo-Kinshasa, as well as in Uganda. It is the official language of Burundi. (The Kinyarwanda dialect is the official language of neighboring Rwanda.)
Kirundi
Rundi
kiroundi
rundi
Idioma kirundi
Lingua kirundi
Língua kirundi
Rundi-Sprache
roundi
Istro-Romanian is an Eastern Romance language that is still spoken today in a few villages and hamlets in the peninsula of Istria, on the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in what is now Croatia as well as in other countries around the world where the Istro-Romanian people settled after the two world wars, most notably in Italy, the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, Sweden, Germany, and other countries. Before the 20th century, it was spoken in a substantially broader part of northeastern Istria surrounding the Ćićarija mountain range (ancient Mons Carusadius) all the way up to Trieste. Its remaining speakers call themselves Vlahi (a name given to them by Slavs), as well as Rumunski, Rumeni, Rumeri, Rumunji, as well as Ćići and Ćiribiri (this last being a nickname that was previously used disparagingly to identify the Istro-Romanian language, not its speakers).
Idioma istrorrumano
Istro Romanian
Istro-roumain
Istrorumänische Sprache
Lingua istrorumena
Língua istrorromena
Istro-Romanian language
Romanian, Istro
Aromanian - Limba Armãneascã; (armãneshce, armãneashti, rrămăneshti), also known as Macedo-Aromanian, or Vlach is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. Its speakers are called Aromanians or Vlachs (which is an exonym in widespread use to define the communities in the Balkans).
Aromanian
Aromunisch
aromeno
arrumano
arumeno
valaque
Aromanian language
Aromunische Sprache
Aroumain
Arumanian
Idioma arrumano
Lingua arumena
Língua arromena
Macedo-Romanian
Romanian, Macedo-
aroumain
Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlăheşte by speakers and Megleno-Romanian, Moglenitic or Meglenitic by linguists) is a Romance language, similar to Aromanian and Romanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language. It is spoken by the Megleno-Romanians in a few villages in the Moglena (Μογλενά) region of Macedonia (Greece and the Republic of Macedonia), in Romania and by a very small Muslim group in Turkey (Karadjaovalides). It is considered an endangered language.
Idioma meglenorrumano
Lingua meglenorumena
Megleno Romanian
Meglenorumänische Sprache
Mégléno-roumain
Romeno meglesita
Megleno-Romanian language
Romanian, Megleno
Russian (, pronounced ) is a Slavic language spoken primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan, Estonia and Lithuania and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the USSR. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.
Russe
Russian
Russisch
ruso
russo
Idioma ruso
Lingua russa
Língua russa
Russian language
Russische Sprache
russe
Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 29,400 people in Dagestan and the remaining 110 in Azerbaijan. The word Rutul derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.
Lingua rutula
Língua rutul
Rutul
Rutulische Sprache
Rutul language
Lanas Lobu
Lobu, Lanas
Mala (Nigeria)
Ruma
Rawo
Rwa
rwa
Amba (also spelled Bulebule, Hamba, Humu, Kihumu, Ku-Amba, Kuamba, Lubulebule, Lwamba, Ruwenzori Kibira, and Rwamba) is a language spoken in parts of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo by the Amba people. The Amba people call it Kwamba and it is known as Kihumu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Amba has a 70% lexical similarity with Bera. Dialects include Kyanzi (Kihyanzi) and Suwa (Kusuwa). According to the Ethnologue, approximately 40,100 people speak the language today worldwide.
Amba
Amba (Uganda)
Amba language
Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic (also known as Tripolitanian Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Tripolitanian-Libyan Arabic, Tripolitait, Yudi) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews formerly living in Libya. Most speakers now live in Israel and Italy. Most speakers are over 40. Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic differs from standard Libyan Arabic in that it closely resembles the original dialect of the sedentary population, whereas much of Libyas population now speaks Bedouin-influenced varieties of Arabic.
Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
Arabic, Judeo-Tripolitanian
Rawa (Erawa, Erewa, Raua) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. The two dialects, Rawa and Karo, are on opposite sides of the Finisterre Range.
Rawa
Rawa language
Marwari (India)
Ngardi
Karuwali
The Amami language (; Amami: しまゆむた (島口) Shimayumuta) is spoken in the Amami Islands south of Kyūshū. The number of competent native speakers is not known, but native speakers can be found mostly among old people—as a result of Japanese language policy, the younger generations speaks mostly Japanese as their first language. Amami is a Ryukyuan language, most closely related to Okinawan. It is sometimes considered two languages. The main dialects are as follows:
Amami language
Idioma amami
Amami-Oshima, Northern
Northern Amami-Oshima
Yaeyama (, Yaimamuni) is a Ryukyuan language that is spoken in the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost inhabited island group in Japan, with a combined population of about 50,000 (as of 2011). The Yaeyama Islands are situated to the southwest of the Miyako area of the Ryukyus and to the east of Taiwan. Yaeyama (Yaimamunii) is most closely related to Miyako. The number of competent native speakers is not known - as a consequence of Japanese language policy, reflected in the education system, people below the age of 60 tend to not use the language except in songs and rituals, and the younger generation exclusively uses Japanese as their first language. Yaeyama has three main dialects, named after the islands they are found on:
Idioma yaeyama
Yaeyama
Yaeyama language
- Central Okinawan, or simply Okinawan (沖縄口 Uchinaaguchi ), is a Northern Ryukyuan language spoken primarily in the southern half of the island of Okinawa, as well as in the surrounding islands of Kerama, Kumejima, Tonaki, Aguni, and a number of smaller peripheral islands. Central Okinawan distinguishes itself from the speech of Northern Okinawa, which is classified independently as the Kunigami language. Both languages have been designated as endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger since its launch in February 2009.
Central Okinawan
Idioma okinawense
Língua oquinauana
Okinawaïen
Okinawan language
Okinawan, Central
Saba (also known as Jelkung) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.
Saba
Saba language
Buglere (Bugle), also known as Murire or Muoy, is a Chibchan language of Panama spoken by the Guaymi people. There are two dialects, Sabanero and Bokotá (Bogota).
Buglere
Buglere language
Meskwaki
Sandawe or Sandawi is a tonal language spoken by about 40,000 Sandawe people in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Language use is vigorous among both adults and children, with people in some areas monolingual. Sandawe had generally been classified as a member of the defunct Khoisan family since Albert Drexel in the 1920s, due to the presence of clicks in the language. Recent investigations (Güldemann forthcoming) suggest that Sandawe may be related to the Khoe family regardless of the validity of Khoesan as a whole. A discussion of Sandawe's linguistic classification can be found in Sands (1998).
Sandawe
Sandawe-Sprache
sandawe
Idioma sandavés
Lingua sandawe
Língua sandawe
Sandawe language
Cantonese, or Standard Cantonese, is a language that originated in the vicinity of Canton (i.e. Guangzhou) in southern China, and is often regarded as the prestige dialect of Yue Chinese.
Kantonesisch
Cantonese
cantonais
cantonese
cantonés
cantonês
Chinese, Yue
Cantonais standard
Cantonés estándar
Yue Chinese
Sabanê
Safaliba
Sango (also spelled Sangho) is the primary language spoken in the Central African Republic: it has approximately 1,600,000 second-language speakers, but only about 404,000 native speakers, mainly in the towns.
Sango
sango
Idioma sango
Lingua sango
Língua sango
Sango language
sangho
Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 360,000 native speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation by the Sakha or Yakuts.
Jakutisch
Yakut
iakoute
sakha
yakut
Iakoute
Idioma yakuto
Jakutische Sprache
Lingua sacha
Língua iacuta
Sakha
Sakha language
iacuto
Sahu (Sa’u, Sahu’u, Sau) is a Papuan Halmahera language. Use is vigorous; dialects are Pa’disua (Palisua) and Tala’i.
Sahu
Sahu language
Sake
Samaritan Aramaic
Samaritanisch
aramaico samaritano
arameo samaritano
samaritain
Aramaic, Samaritan
araméen samaritain
Sanskrit ( , originally , "refined speech"), is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. In western classical linguistics, Sanskrit occupies a pre-eminent position along with Greek and Latin in Indo-European studies.
Sanskrit
sanscrito
sanskrit
sánscrito
sânscrito
Lingua sanscrita
Sánscrito
Sânscrito
Sause is a Papuan language spoken in Indonesia. Its classification is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Tor languages.
Sause
Sause language
Sanapana is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. Use is vigorous, and it is a language of instruction in primary schools.
Sanapaná
Sanapaná language
Samburu is the Eastern Nilotic, North Maa language spoken by the Samburu in the highlands of northern Kenya. The Samburu number about 128,000 (or 147,000 including the Camus/Chamus). Samburu is closely related to Camus (88% to 94% lexical similarity; Camus is sometimes considered a Samburu dialect) and to the South Maa language Maasai (77% to 89% lexical similarity). The word Samburu itself derives from the old Maa word saamburr for the leather bag the Samburu use.
Samburu
samburu
Samburu language
Saraveca is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave. It is said to be the only language with a numeral system based exclusively on five, though in fact quinary systems are not uncommon. To some extent this is also an areal feature of other South American languages; many form their numbers 6–9 as "five + one", "five + two" and so on.
Saraveca
Saraveca language
The Sasak language is spoken by the Sasak ethnic group, which make up the majority of the population of Lombok, Indonesia. It is closely related to the languages of adjacent Bali and Sumbawa.
Sasak
sasak
Idioma sasak
Sasak language
Santali
santal
santali
Saleman
Safene (Saafen), or Saafi-Saafi, is the principal Cangin language, spoken by 114,000 people in Senegal. Speakers are heavily concentrated in the area surrounding Dakar, particularly in the Thies Region.
Saafi
Saafi-Saafi
Sérère-Safen
Safen language
Sawi or Sawuy is a language of the Sawi people of the Trans–New Guinea phylum spoken in sago swamps of West Irian. Of the neighboring languages, it is most closely related to the Awyu languages to the east.
Sawi
Sawi language
Sa or Saa language is an Austronesian language spoken in southern Pentecost Island, Vanuatu. It had an estimated 2,500 speakers in the year 2000.
Saa language
Saya (Sayanci) is a Chadic language of Nigeria.
Saya
Saya language
Sourashtra or "Sourashtras" or ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬꢵ refers to a community of people who had their original homes in Gujarat and presently settled almost in all major Towns of Tamil Nadu and are concentrated more in Madurai which is considered as their cultural Headquarters.They have also settled in Bangalore Karnataka,in Tirupati Andhra Pradesh. Some families are settled in Mumbai, New Delhi etc. places for employment purpose. Some have settled in foreign countries like USA, UK, Dubai, Singapore etc.
Saurashtra
Saurashtri
Saurashtra language
Havasupai–Hualapai (Havasupai–Walapai) is the Native American language spoken by the Hualapai (Walapai) and Havasupai peoples of northwestern Arizona. It is closely related to the Yavapai language.
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
Walapai
Havasupai–Hualapai language
Ngambay
ngambay
Simbo is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,700 people on Simbo Island, Solomon Islands.
Simbo
Simbo language
Kele or Gele’ is a language spoken in the easterly section of inland Manus Island, New Guinea.
Kele (Papua New Guinea)
Southern Samo
Samo, Southern
Saliba
Shabo (also called Mikeyir) is an endangered language spoken by about 600 hunter-gatherers in southwestern Ethiopia, in the westernmost part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region. They live in three places in the Keficho Shekicho Zone: Anderaccha, Gecha, and Kaabo. Many of its speakers are shifting to other neighboring languages, in particular Majang language and Shekkacho (Mocha); its vocabulary is heavily influenced by loanwords from both these languages, particularly Majangir, as well as Amharic. Its classification is uncertain; it may be Nilo-Saharan (Anbessa & Unseth 1989, Fleming 1991), or may be a language isolate (Ehret 1995), a position which has since come to be seen as more probable. It was first reported to be a separate language by Lionel Bender in 1977, using a wordlist gathered by the missionary Harvey Hoekstra. It is currently being studied by Daniel Aberra of Addis Ababa University.
Shabo
Shabo language
Seget
The Sori-Harengan language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 570 people on the Sori and Harengan Islands, northwest off the coast of Manus Island, and on the northwestern coast Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. It has SVO word order.
Sori-Harengan
Sori-Harenganische Sprache
Sori-Harengan language
Seti
Surbakhal is a Maban language language of Chad.
Surbakhal
Surbakhal language
Safwa is a Bantu language spoken by the Safwa people of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. Dialects are Guruka, Mbwila, Poroto, Songwe.
Safwa
Safwa language
Botolan Sambal
Sambal, Botolan
Yug
Sagala
Sindhi Bhil
Bhil, Sindhi
Sabüm is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya. The number of speakers is unknown.
Sabüm
Sabüm language
Sangu (also called Kisangu, Kisango, Kirori, Eshisango, Rori, and Sango) is a language spoken in Tanzania by approximately 75,000 (1987) Sangu people.
Sangu
sangu
Sangu (Tanzania)
Sangu language
Sileibi
Sembakung Murut
Kuhane, or Subiya, also known as Kwahane, Chikuahane, Chikwahane, Ciikuhane, or Mbalang'we, is a Bantu language spoken by 35,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, Zambia, and Botswana. In Tswana it is known as Subiya (Supia, Sesubea, Echisubia). It is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants.
Subiya
Kuhane language
Yurutí
Kimki
Stod Bhoti
Bhoti, Stod
The Sabines (; ; ) were an Italic tribe that lived in the central Appennines of ancient Italy, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome. The above names, English, Latin and Greek, are all exonyms.
Sabine
Sabiner
Sabini
Sabinos
Sabins
Sabines
Simba
Seberuang
Soli is a Bantu language of Zambia.
Soli
Soli language
Sara Kaba
The Yuri language, also known as Karkar, is a language isolate in the Papuan languages classifications of both Wurm and Ross. There are about a thousand speakers in Papua New Guinea along the Indonesian border.
Idioma yuri
Karkar-Yuri
Yuri language
Chut (Chứt, Cheut) or Ruc-Sach is a dialect cluster spoken by the Chut people of Vietnam, with a smaller population of some 450 speakers in neighbouring Laos (in Khammouane Province). It may be most closely related to Arem.
Chut
Chut language
The Santa language, also known as Dongxiang (东乡语), is a Mongolic language spoken by the Dongxiang people in northwest China.
Dongxiang
Santa language
San Miguel Creole French
Creole French, San Miguel
Sanggau is a Dayak language of Borneo. It is left unclassified by Ethnologue. Sanggau varieties are quite divergent, and may be distinct languages.
Sanggau
Sanggau language
Sakachep Khelma is a Kukish language of India.
Sakachep
Khelma language
The Sri Lankan Malay (also known as Sri Lanka Creole Malay and Bahasa Melayu) is an Austronesian language formed through a unique mixture of the Sinhalese language and the Tamil language with Malay. Sri Lanka Malay (SLM) is a restructured vernacular of Malay base spoken by at least five different communities in Sri Lanka which has evolved to be significantly divergent from other varieties of Malay due to intimate contact with the dominant languages of Sinhala and Tamil. The language is exclusively spoken by Sri Lankan Malays, whose ancestry include exiles and labourers brought by the Dutch and British, as well as soldiers in the Dutch garrison. They now constitute 0.3% of the Sri Lankan population, numbering some 46,000.
Sri Lankan Creole Malay
Creole Malay, Sri Lankan
Sadri
Shina (also known as Tshina) is a Dardic language spoken by a plurality of people in Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan and Dras in Ladakh of Indian-Administered Kashmir. The valleys in which it is spoken include Astore, Chilas, Dareil, Tangeer, Gilgit, Ghizer, and a few parts of Baltistan and Kohistan. It is also spoken in Gurez, Drass, Kargil, Karkit Badgam and Ladakh valleys. There were 321,000 speakers of Gilgiti Shina as of 1981, and an estimated total of speakers of all dialects of 550,000. Many Shina speakers are also found in Pakistan's major urban centres of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Abbottabad, Hyderabad and Karachi.
Idioma shina
Shina
Shina language
Sicilian (, , also known as Siculu or Calabro-Sicilian) is a Romance language. Its dialects make up the Extreme-Southern Italian language group, which are spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands; in southern and central Calabria (where it is called Southern Calabro); in the southern parts of Apulia, the Salento (where it is known as Salentino); and Campania, on the Italian mainland, where it is called Cilentano (Gordon, 2005). Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language" (Gordon). Some assert that Sicilian represents the oldest Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin (Privitera, 2004), but this is not a widely-held view amongst linguists, and is sometimes strongly criticized (2004, p. 151).
Sicilian
Sicilien
Sizilianisch
siciliano
Idioma siciliano
Lingua siciliana
Língua siciliana
Sicilian language
Sizilianische Sprache
sicilien
Scots is the Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots). It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Celtic language variety spoken in most of the western Highlands and in the Hebrides.
Escocés
Scots
scozzese
Lingua Scots
Lowland Scots language
Schottisch
Scots language
escocés
escocês
écossais
Helambu Sherpa
Sa'och (Sauch) is an endangered Pearic language of Cambodia spoken by a decreasing number of people, mainly older adults.
Sa'och
Sa'och language
The Yuki language, also known as Yukian, Ukiah, Ukomno'm, was a language of California, spoken by the indigenous American Yuki people, formerly in the Eel River area, the Round Valley Reservation, northern California. It became extinct some time in the 20th century. Yuki is generally thought to be related to the Wappo language, but the connection would be a distant one.
Idioma yuki
Yuki
Yuki language
North Slavey
Slavey, North
Shumcho
Sheni
Sha is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Sha
Sha language
Sicel was an ancient language spoken by the Sicels (Greek Sikeloi, Latin Siculi), one of the three indigenous (i.e. pre-Greek and pre-Punic) tribes of Sicily; the Elymians and the Sicani were the other two. According to some authors (Varro, Diodorus Siculus) the speakers of Sicel entered Sicily from the Italian mainland, and the language is quite likely of Indo-European origin. In particular the verb form pibe "drink" is a second-person singular present imperative active exactly cognate with Latin bibe and Sanskrit piba; this is firm evidence recommending the language's Indo-European origin.
Idioma sículo
Sicel
Sicule
Siculi#Lingua
Sikulische Sprache
Sicel language
Toraja-Sa'dan
Shabaki is an Indo-Iranian language of the Zaza–Gorani group spoken by the Shabak people and ethnic Kurds in Mosul, Iraq. The number of speakers of Shabaki was estimated in 1989 to be between 10,000 and 20,000.
Língua shabaki
Shabak
Shabaki language
Sassarese (local name Sassaresu or Turritanu) is an Italo-Dalmatian language and transitional between Corsican and Sardinian. It is regarded as a Corsican–Sardinian language because of Sassari's historic ties (and neighborhood) with Tuscany and Corsica. Despite the heavy Sardinian influences (especially in the vocabulary and phonetics), it still keeps its Tuscan roots, which closely relate it to Gallurese. The latter is regarded as a Corsican dialect despite the geographic location, although this attribution is a matter of controversy. It can be considered a transitional language between Italo-Dalmatian languages and Sardinian. It has several similarities to Italian and in particular the old dialects of Italian from Tuscany.
Idioma sassarés
Lingua sassarese
Sassarais
Sassarese language
Sardinian, Sassarese
Sassarese Sardinian
Surubu
Sarli
Savi
Southern Kurdish (Southern Kurdish: Kurdí Xuwarig،کوردی خوارگ), also called Kermānšāhi, belongs to the Northwestern Iranian languages and is predominantly spoken in western Iran and eastern Iraq. In Iran, it is spoken in the provinces of Kermanshah (Kermānšān) and Ilam. In Iraq it is spoken in the region of Khanaqin (Xaneqîn), all the way to Mandali, Pehle. It is also the language of the populous Kurdish Kakayî tribe near Kerkuk and the Zengenes near Kifrî. There are also populous diasporas of Southern Kurdish Dialects group found in the Alburz mountains. Its dialects are Kolyaî, Kermanshahi (Kermānšānî), Kalhuri, Garrusi (Gerrûsî) (Bijari), Sanjâbi (Sencabî), Malekshahi (Melikşay), Beyrey or Mahaki (which is a sub-dialect of Feyli) and Feyli (ilami). It had around 3 million speakers in Iran in 2000.
Quelúri
Southern Kurdish
Südkurdische Sprache
Kurdish, Southern
Suundi is a Bantu language spoken in the Republic of the Congo.
Suundi
Suundi language
Sos Kundi
Yulu, also known as Binga, is the Central Sudanic language of the Yulu and Binga people. Binga is regarded as a dialect similar to Yulu proper , but some of the vocabulary can "differ greatly" from Yulu.
Yulu
Yulu language
Saudi Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Sign Language
Saudi Arabian Sign Language
Semandang
Gallurese (gaddhuresu) is a Italo-Dalmatian Romance language spoken in the northeastern part of Sardinia. It is often considered as a variety of Corsican, or a transitional language between Corsican and Sardinian. The language takes its name from the region of Gallura.
Gallurais
Gallurese language
Idioma gallurés
Lingua gallurese
Gallurese Sardinian
Sardinian, Gallurese
Bukar Sadong, also Bukar or Sadong, is a Dayak language of Borneo.
Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh
Bidayuh, Bukar-Sadung
Bukar Sadong language
Sherdukpen is a small Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India.
Sherdukpen
Sherdukpen language
Oraon Sadri
Sadri, Oraon
Sened is an extinct Berber language that was spoken in the nearby towns of Sened and Majoura (Berber Tmagurt) in Southern Tunisia until the mid-twentieth century. In 1911, the whole town of Sened spoke Berber; by 1968, only the elderly did.
Lingua sendi
Sened
Sened language
Shuadit, also spelled Chouhadite, Chouhadit, Chouadite, Chouadit, and Shuhadit is the extinct Jewish language of southern France, also known as Judaeo-Provençal, Judéo-Comtadin, Hébraïco-Comtadin. The language is known from documents dating to as early as the 11th century in France, and after suffering drastic declines beginning with the charter of the Inquisition in France, finally died out with the death of its last known speaker, Armand Lunel, in 1977.
Língua judeu-provençal
Shuadit
Shuadit language
Sarudu
Sibu Melanau
Melanau, Sibu
Sallaans (Dutch: Sallands) is a collective term for the Dutch Low Saxon dialects of the region Salland, in the west of the province of Overijssel, which is in the eastern Netherlands. A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen.
Sallaans
Sallands
Quechan, also known as Yuma, is the native language of the Quechan people of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona in the Lower Colorado River Valley and Sonoran Desert.
Quechan
Yuma
Quechan language
Semai is a Mon–Khmer language of Western Malaysia spoken by about 44,000 Semai people. It is perhaps the only Aslian language which is not endangered, and even has 2,000 monolingual speakers.
Semai
Semai language
Shempire (Syenpire) is a Senufo language of Ivory Coast. It is not clear how distinct it is from the related Supyire language of Mali.
Schempire
Shempire Senoufo
Senoufo, Shempire
Shempire language
The Sháshíshálh language, also called Shashishalhem (šášíšáɬəm) and the Sechelt language, is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Shishalh (Sechelt) people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, centred on their reserve communities in the Sechelt Peninsula area of the Sunshine Coast.
Sechelt
Sechelt language
Sedang is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Laos and the Kon Tum Province in south central Vietnam. The Sedang language is the most populous of the North Bahnaric language group, which are known for their range of vowel phonations.
Sedang
Sedang language
Seneca (in Seneca, Onödowága or Onötowáka) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League. About 10,000 Seneca live in the United States and Canada, primarily on reservations in western New York, with others living in Oklahoma and near Brantford, Ontario.
Seneca
seneca
Seneca language
Cebaara (Tyebala), one of a cluster of languages called Senari, is a major Senufo language, spoken by a million people in Ivory Coast.
Cebaara
Cebaara Senoufo
Cebaara language
Senoufo, Cebaara
Segeju
Sena
sena
Seri (Seri: cmiique iitom) is a language isolate spoken by the Seri people by between 716 These hypotheses came out of a period when attempts were being made to group all of the languages of the Americas into families. In the case of Seri, however, very little evidence has ever been produced. Until such evidence is presented and evaluated, the language is most appropriately considered an isolate.
Idioma seri
Língua seri
Seri
Seri language
Sene
The Sekani language is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Sekani people of north-central British Columbia, Canada.
Sekani
Sekani language
Selkup language is a language of the Selkups, belonging to the Samoyedic group of the Uralic language family. It is spoken by some 1,570 people (1994 est.) in the region between the Ob and Yenisei Rivers (in Siberia). The language name Selkup comes from the Russian "" (selkupsky yazyk), based on the native name used in the Taz dialect, šöľqumyt әty, lit. forest-man language. Different dialects use different names, and these variations are shown in the infobox to the right.
Selkup
Selkupisch
selkoupe
selkup
Lingua selkupica
Selkoupe
Selkup language
Selkupische Sprache
Bena (Bəna, Binna, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Gbinna, "Lala", Purra, Yangeru, Yongor, Yungur) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Bena (Nigeria)
Nanerige is a Senufo language spoken in south-western Burkina Faso.
Nanerige
Nanerigé Sénoufo
Nanerigé language
Sénoufo, Nanerigé
Suarmin is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. Alternative names are Akiapmin, Duranmin.
Suarmin
Suarmin language
Sucite is a Senufo language spoken in southwestern Burkina Faso by approximately 35 000 people. Sucite is a close neighbour of Supyire, spoken in southeastern Mali. Sucite is sometimes regarded as the northern extension of Supyire. The two dialects are, according to Garber (1987), ‘quite mutually intelligible’. Sometimes speakers of Sucite will even refer to themselves as speaking Supyire. Another closely related lect is Mamara (also known as Minyanka).
Sìcìté Sénoufo
Sucite language
Sénoufo, Sìcìté
Senara, one of a cluster of languages called Senari, is a Senufo language of Ivory Coast.
Senara
Senara Sénoufo
Senara language
Sénoufo, Senara
The Serrano language is a language in the Takic branch of the Uto-Aztecan family spoken by the Serrano people of Southern California. The language is closely related to Tongva and Kitanemuk.
Idioma serrano
Serrano
Serrano language
Koyraboro Senni (or Eastern Songhay, or Koroboro Senni, or Koyra Senni) is a variety of Songhai in Mali, spoken by some 400,000 people along Niger River from Gourma-Rharous, east of Timbuktu, through Bourem, Gao, and Ansongo to the Mali–Niger border.
Koyra Senni
Koyraboro Senni
koyraboro senni
songhaï koyraboro senni
Koyraboro Senni Songhai
Songhai, Koyraboro Senni
Sentani or Buyaka is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.
Sentani
Sentani language
Serui-Laut
Nyarafolo (Niafolo), one of a cluster of languages called Senari, is a Senufo language of Ivory Coast.
Nyarafolo
Nyarafolo Senoufo
Nyarafolo language
Senoufo, Nyarafolo
Sewa Bay
The Secoya language is a Western Tucanoan language spoken by 297 Secoya people in Ecuador and 144 in Peru.
Secoya
Secoya language
Senthang (Sethang Chin) is a Kukish language of Burma.
Senthang Chin
Chin, Senthang
Senthang language
Yukpa (Yuco, Yucpa, Yuko, Yupa) is a Cariban language, spoken by 7,000–8,000 people in Zulia State in Venezuela and across the border in Colombia. It's also known as Carib Motilón, Macoíta, Northern Motilón, Manso.
Idioma yukpa
Yukpa
Yukpa language
French Belgian Sign Language
Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone
Eastern Subanen
Subanen, Eastern
Small Flowery Miao
Miao, Small Flowery
South African Sign Language (SASL) is the name of the sign language favoured by the South African government. SASL was formally recognised in 1995, and is still being codified. It is promoted as the language of the South African deaf "community", although the deaf in South Africa form no single cohesive group.
Língua gestual sul-africana
South African Sign Language
Sehwi (Sefwi) is a Central Tano language of Ghana.
Sehwi
Sehwi language
Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive written texts are extant. It was used from the 6th to the 10th centuries, by which time it had developed into Middle Irish.
Altirisch
Old Irish
Vieil irlandais
irlandese antico
irlandés antiguo
irlandês arcaico
Altirische Sprache
Idioma irlandés antiguo
Irish, Old (to 900)
Língua irlandesa antiga
Old Irish (to 900)
ancien irlandais
irlandais ancien (jusqu'à 900)
Mag-antsi or Mag-anchi is a Sambalic language. It has around 4,200 speakers (Stock 2005) and is spoken within Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the Tarlaqueño municipalities of Capas and Bamban; in Mabalacat, Pampanga; and in the city of Angeles. See also *Languages of the Philippines External links *
Mag-antsi Ayta
Ayta, Mag-antsi
Mag-antsi language
Kipsigis (or Kipsikii, Kipsikiis) is part of the Kenyan Kalenjin dialect cluster, commonly called Nandi . It is spoken mainly in the Kericho district of the Rift Valley Province in Kenya. The Kipsigis people are the most numerous tribe of the Kalenjin in Kenya. Kipsigis is closely related to Nandi, Keiyo (Keyo, Elgeyo), South Tugen (Tuken), and Cherangany.
Kipsigis
Kipsikis
Kipsigis language
Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken by Surigaonon people in the province of Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially the towns near the Mainit Lake. Though it is related to Cebuano, solid Cebuano speakers can hardly understand Surigaonon speakers.
Surigaonon
Surigaonon language
Segai
Swiss-German Sign Language
Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan.
Shughni
Shughni language
Yuqui
Suga, also known as Galim, Nyemnyem, and Nizaa, is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon.
Suga
Nizaa language
Surgujia
Sangkong
Singa
Songa
Singpho
Sangsari or Sangisari is an Iranian language spoken in the Semnan province of Iran mainly in the Sangsar (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages. Sangsari is included in the Semnani group of Northwest Iranian languages that also includes Lasgerdi, Semnani, and Sorkhei. There are around 36,000 Sangsari speakers.
Sangisari
Sangsari language
Yurok (also Weitspekan) is a moribund Algic language. It is the traditional language of the Yurok tribe of Del Norte County and Humboldt County on the far North Coast of California, U.S., most of whom now speak English. There are currently about a dozen elderly speakers.
Yurok
Yurok language
Samogitian (Samogitian: , ) is a dialect of the Lithuanian language spoken mostly in Samogitia (in the western part of Lithuania). Attempts have been made to standardize it. The Samogitian dialect should not be confused with the middle dialect of the Lithuanian language as spoken between the 16th and 18th centuries, which was sometimes referred to as the Samogitian language.
Idioma samogitiano
Lingua samogitica
Samogiciano
Samogitian
Samogitien
Schemaitisch
Samogitian dialect
The Brokpa language (Dzongkha: དྲོཀ་པ་ཁ་; Wylie: Drok-pa-kha; also called "Brokpa," "Dakpa," "Damilo," "Dap," "Drokpakay," "Jobikha," "Mera Sagtengpa," "Meragsagstengkha," "Mira Sagtengpa," and "Sagtengpa") is a Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 5,000 people mainly in Merak and Sakten Gewogs in the Sakten Valley of Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan. Brokpa is spoken by descendants of pastoral yakherd communities.
Brokpake
Brokpa language
Salas
Sebat Bet ("Seven houses") is a Gurage language, spoken in several dialects found in the western Gurage Zone:
Sebat Bet Gurage
Sebat Bet Gurage language
Sierra Leone Sign Language
Sanglechi is an Iranian language spoken in Afghanistan. It is also spoken in Tajikistan, where it is called Sanglich.
Sanglechi
Sangletchi
Sanglechi language
Sursurunga is an Oceanic language of New Ireland.
Língua sursurunga
Sursurunga
Sursurunga language
Shall-Zwall is a small dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria.
Shall-Zwall
Shall-Zwall language
Yanam is a Yanomaman language spoken by approximately 560 speakers in Roraima, Brazil (460 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricáa, and Paragua rivers.
Idioma yanam
Ninam
Yanam language
Sonde is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Sonde
Sonde language
Kundal Shahi
Sheko is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in the area between Tepi and Mizan Teferi in western Ethiopia, in the Sheko district in the Bench Maji Zone. The 2007 census lists 38,911 speakers; the 1998 census listed 23,785 speakers, with 13,611 identified as monolinguals.
Língua sheko
Sheko
Sheko language
Shwa or Shwakhwe, commonly spelled Shua, is a Khoe language of Botswana. It is spoken in central Botswana (in Nata and its surroundings), and in parts of the Chobe District in the extreme north of Botswana. There are approximately 6,000 speakers (Cook 2004). The term Shwakhwe means people (khwe) from the salty area (shwa). Like many Khoisan languages, it has clicks and ejectives and distinctive tones. Unlike most Khoisan languages, but like Nama, the most neutral word order is SOV, though word order is relatively free. As with most Khoisan languages, there are postpositions. There is a tense-aspect marker ke which often appears in second position in affirmative sentences in the present tense, giving X Aux S O V order (e.g. S Aux O V).
Shua
Shua language
Shoshoni or Shoshone (; or ) is a Native American language spoken by the Shoshone people. Principal dialects of Shoshoni include Western Shoshoni in Nevada, Gosiute in western Utah, Northern Shoshoni in southern Idaho and northern Utah, and Eastern Shoshoni in Wyoming.
Idioma shoshoni
Língua shoshone
Shoshone
Shoshoni
Shoshoni language
Yopno (Yupna) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Kewieng, Nokopo, Wandabong, Isan.
Yopno
Yopno language
Shilha (; native Tacelḥit, variously transcribed Tachelhit, Tachelhiyt, Tachlhit; also Tamazirt n Suss, Moroccan Arabic: Shelha) is one of the large Berber languages with about 3 million speakers, and with about 8 million speakers according to the INALCO linguistic institute in France.
Chleuh
Tachelhit
Taschelhit
tachelhit
tashelhit
Idioma tashelhit
Lingua tashelhit
Shilha language
chleuh
The Shatt language is an Eastern Sudanic language of the Daju family spoken in the Shatt Hills (part of the Nuba Mountains) southwest of Kaduqli in South Kurdufan province in southern Sudan. The designation "Shatt" is an Arabic word meaning "dispersed" and is applied to several distinct groups in the Nuba Mountains. "Caning" is their own name for themselves.
Shatt
Shatt language
The Shilluk Language, or Chollo, is a Nilotic language spoken by the Shilluk people of South Sudan. It is closely related to Luo. Dhɔg Cɔllɔ is widely spoken throughout the Shilluk Kingdom and it is the official language of Shilluk and the residents in Shilluk Kingdom.
Língua shilluk
Schilluk
Shilluk
Shilluk language
Shendu
Shahrudi
The Shan language (, or , ; , ; ) is the native language of Shan people and spoken mostly in Shan State, Burma. It is also used in pockets of Kachin State in Burma, in northern Thailand, and in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Shan is a member of the Tai–Kadai language family, and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a "sixth tone" used for emphasis. It is called Tai Yai, or Tai Long in the Tai languages. The term "Shan" is an exonym believed to be a Burmese derivative of "Siam".
Schan-Sprache
Shan
shan
Língua shan
Shan language
chan
Shanga (Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa) is a Mande language of Nigeria.
Shanga
Shanga language
Shipibo (also Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo) is a Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil by approximately 26,000 speakers. Shipibo is an official language of Peru.
Idioma shipibo
Shipibo-Conibo
Shipibo-conibo
Shipibo language
Sala
Shi is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Shi
Shi language
The Shuswap language, known to its speakers as Secwepemctsín , is the traditional language of the Shuswap people (Secwépemc ) of British Columbia. An endangered language, Shuswap is spoken mainly in the Central and Southern interior of British Columbia between the Fraser River and the Rocky Mountains. There are however over 1600 remaining speakers in British Columbia according to the most recent Canadian census in 2006.
Shuswap
Shuswap language
Yugh (Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia. In the past it was regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate. By the early 1990s there were reported to be only two or three non-fluent speakers remaining, and the language is now virtually extinct.
Idioma yugh
Youge
Yugh
Yugh language
The Shasta language is an extinct Shastan language formerly spoken from northern California into southwestern Oregon. It was spoken in a number of dialects, possibly including Okwanuchu. By 1980, only two fluent speakers, both elderly, were alive. Today, all surviving Shasta people speak English.
Shasta
Shasta language
Chadian Arabic (also known as Western Sudanic Arabic, Shuwa/Shua/Suwa Arabic (French: Arabe Choa/Chowa), L'arabe du Tchad) is one of the regional colloquial Arabic languages. "Shuwa Arabic" properly refers only to its Nigerian dialects, and even then, it is a term not used by the speakers themselves. Its territory, which touches Lake Chad, is an east-to-west oval in the Sahel, about 1400 miles long (12 to 20 degrees east latitude) by 300 miles north-to-south (between 10 and 14 degrees north latitude). It is the first language for over one million people in Chad, Sudan, Cameroon, Nigeria, the Central African Republic, and Niger and serves as a lingua franca in much of the region. It is spoken both by town dwellers and by cattle herding nomads. In most of its range, it is not the only local language and often not among the major local languages.
Chadian Arabic
Tschadisch-Arabisch
arabe tchadien
chadian arabic
árabe chadiano
árabe do Chade
Arabe tchadien
Arabic, Chadian
Árabe chadiano
Jibbali - frequently called Shehri (or "mountain" language) in Omani Arabic - is a South Arabian (or Eastern South Semitic) language spoken by a minority native population in the mountains and wilderness areas upland from Salalah in Dhofar Province in the southwest of the Oman.
Shehri
Shehri language
Shwai (Shuway) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. It is also called Ludumor. Dialects are Shabun, Cerumba (Shirumba), Ndano.
Schwai
Shwai
Shwai language
The She language (Mandarin: 畲語 shēyǔ, Hakka 山客話 san ha ue ), autonym Ho Ne or Ho Nte, is an endangered Hmong–Mien language spoken by the She people. Most of the over 709,000 She people today speak Hakka Chinese. Those who retain their own language – approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong province – call themselves Ho Ne "mountain people" (Chinese: 活聶 huóniè).
Ho nte
She
She language
Shawiya (Shawia), also spelled Chaouïa (autonym θšawiθ or Hašawiθ; standard Berber: Tacawit), also known as Numidian Berber, is the eponymous Zenati-Berber spoken by the Shawia (Chaoui) people of eastern Algeria around Batna, Khenchela, Sétif, Oum El Bouaghi, Souk Ahras, Tébessa and the north part of Biskra. It has over two million speakers.
Chaoui
Lingua tashawit
Tachawit
Shawiya language
Syenara (Shenara), one of a cluster of languages called Senari, is a Senufo language of Mali, spoken by a hundred thousand people.
Schenara
Syenara
Syenara Senoufo
Senoufo, Syenara
Syenara language
Akkala Sami is a Sami language that was spoken in the Sami villages of A´kkel and Ču´kksuâl, in the inland parts of the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Formerly erroneously regarded as a dialect of Kildin Sami, it has recently become recognized as an independent Sami language that is most closely related to its western neighbor Skolt Sami.
Akkala Sami
Akkalasamische Sprache
Lingua sami di Akkala
Língua sami de Akkala
Same d'Akkala
Akkala Sami language
Sami, Akkala
Sebop
Sidamo is an Afro-Asiatic language, belonging to the Cushitic branch, part of the Highland East Cushitic group. It is spoken in parts of southern Ethiopia.
Sidama
Sidamo
sidamo
Sidamo language
Simaa
The Siamou language, also known as Sɛmɛ (Seme), is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. As of 1999, it was spoken by 20,000 people in western Burkina Faso and another 20,000 in the Ivory Coast and Mali. In Burkina Faso, it is mainly spoken in the province of Kénédougou around the provincial capital Orodara. Siamou has one major dialect, Bandougou. In addition, there are minor dialectal differences amongst the Siamou spoken in Orodara and in surrounding villages.
Idioma siamou
Siamou
Siamou language
Paasaal, or Pasaale Sisaala (Southern Sisaala) is a Gur language of Ghana, with a thousand speakers in Ivory Coast. The two dialects, Gilbagala and Pasaali, are part of a dialect continuum that continues on into Sisaala.
Paasaal
Paasaal language
Yau, also called Uruwa, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.
Yau
Yau (Morobe Province)
Yau language
Zire
Sîshëë
The Shompen languages are spoken on Great Nicobar Island in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean south of Burma.
Shom Peng
Shompen languages
Numbami (also known as Siboma or Sipoma) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 300 people with ties to a single village in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Numbami is a phonologically conservative isolate within the Huon Gulf languages, and is the last Austronesian language on the south coast of the Huon Gulf. Its nearest relatives along the coast to the southeast are 270 km away, Maisin and Arifama-Miniafia in Oro Province (Northern Province in the former colony of Papua).
Numbami
Numbami language
Sikiana is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname. It was spoken in Venezuela at one time and is now probably extinct there. Sikiana as a whole is near extinction.
Sikiana
Sikiana language
Tumulung Sisaala
Sisaala, Tumulung
Seim, or Mende, is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea.
Mende (Papua New Guinea)
Seim language
Sinhala (සිංහල, ISO 15919: , pronounced , sometimes referred by alternative spelling Singhalese), also known as Helabasa, is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 15 million. Sinhala is also spoken by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, totalling about 3 million. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. Sinhala is the official and national language of Sri Lanka.
Cingalais
Singhalesisch
Sinhala
cingalés
cingalês
singalese
Idioma cingalés
Lingua singalese
Língua cingalesa
Singhalesische Sprache
Sinhala language
Sinhalese
cinghalais
singhalais
The Sikkimese language, also called Sikkimese Tibetan, Bhutia, Dranjongke , Dranjoke, Denjongka, Denzongpeke, and Denzongke, belongs to the Southern Tibetan language family. It is spoken by the Bhutia (Denzongpa) nationality in Sikkim. Sikkimese people refer to their own language as Dranjongke and their homeland as Denzong (; "Valley of Rice").
Idioma bhutia
Língua siquimesa
Sikkimese
Sikkimese language
Sonia
Siri is a highly endangered Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria by a few older adults.
Siri
Siri language
The Siuslaw language is currently spoken by the Siuslaw tribal members as a dual language (English being the other language). It consists of two similar dialects:
Idioma siuslaw
Siuslaw
Siuslaw language
Sinagen
The Southern, Kolyma or Forest Yukaghir language is one of only two Yukaghir languages.
Southern Yukaghir
Southern Yukaghir language
Yukaghir, Southern
Sumariup
Motuna or Siwai, also known as Telei, Rugara, is a Papuan language of Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Siwai
Siwai language
Sumau, also known as Garia (Kari), is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Sumau
Sumau language
Sivandi is an Iranian language spoken in Fars Province, Iran by around 7000 people.
Sivandi
Sivandi language
Siwi is a Berber language of Egypt, spoken by about 15,000 to 30,000 people It continues to be the first language of Siwi children.
Idioma siwi
Lingua siwi
Língua siwi
Siwi
Siwi language
Epena
Sajau Basap
Kildin Sami (also spelled Sámi or Saami; formerly Lappish) is a Sami language spoken by approximately 600 people on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. Kildin Sami is written using an official Cyrillic script.
Kildin Sami
Kildinsamische Sprache
Lingua sami di Kildin
Língua sami de Kildin
Same de Kildin
Sami kildin
Kildin Sami language
Sami, Kildin
Pite Sami, also known as Arjeplog Sami, is a Sami language traditionally spoken in Sweden and Norway. It is a critically endangered language that has only about 25–50 native speakers left and is now only spoken on the Swedish side of the border along the Pite River in the north of Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur and in the mountainous areas of the Arjeplog municipality.
Lingua sami di Pite
Língua sami de Pite
Pite Sami
Same de Pite
Pite Sami language
Sami, Pite
The Sungor language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in western Sudan and eastern Chad. Primarily it is spoken in Chad. It is a member of the Taman language group of the Western branch of Nilo-Saharan. The majority of native speakers are Muslim and most use Chadian Arabic as a second language.
Assangori
Sungor language
Kemi Sami is a Sami language that was originally spoken in the southernmost district of Finnish Lapland as far south as the Sami siidas around Kuusamo. A complex of local variants which had a distinct identity from other Sami dialects, but existed in a linguistic continuum between Inari Sami and Skolt Sami (some Kemi groups sounded more like Inari, and some more like Skolt, due to geographic proximity). Extinct now for over 100 years, few written examples of Kemi Sami survive. Johannes Schefferuss Lapponia from 1673 contains two yoik poems by the Kemi Sami Olof (Mattsson) Sirma, "Guldnasas" and "Moarsi favrrot". A short vocabulary was written by the Finnish priest Jacob Fellman in 1829 after he visited the villages of Salla (Kuolajärvi until 1936) and Sompio . Also, the following translation of the Lords Prayer...
Kemi Sami
Kemisamische Sprache
Lingua sami di Kemi
Língua sami de Kemi
Kemi Sami language
Sami, Kemi
Dhammai, also Miji or Sajalong, is a small Tibeto-Burman language cluster of India. "Dialects" include at least two distinct languages, which are not particularly close, given only half of the vocabulary in common between the dialects of East Kameng District and West Kameng District.
Miji
Miji language
Sajalong
Eastern Yugur and Western Yugur are terms coined by Chinese linguists to distinguish between the Mongolic and Turkic Yugur language, both spoken within the Yugur nationality. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. The eastern variety is the Mongolic one.
East Yugur
Yugur oriental
Eastern Yugur language
Yugur, East
Mapun
Sindarin is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his secondary world, often called Middle-earth.
Sindarin
Sprachen und Schriften in Tolkiens Welt#Sindarin
The Xibe language (also Sibo, Sibe, Xibo language) is the most widely spoken of the Tungusic languages spoken by members of the Xibe ethnic group in Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.
Xibe
Xibenisch
Xibe language
Surjapuri
Siar-Lak
The language of the Senhaja de Srair (Senhaja of Srair), also Senhaya or Zenaga, is a Northern Berber language spoken in the southern part of the Moroccan Rif. It is most closely related to the Atlas languages, but heavily influenced by the neighboring Riff language (also Berber.)
Senhaja De Srair
Senhaja de Srair language
Ter Sami is the easternmost of the Sami languages. It was traditionally spoken in the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula, but now it is a moribund language; in 2004, only ten speakers were left. By 2010, the number of speakers had decreased to two.
Lingua sami di Ter
Língua sami de Ter
Same de Ter
Ter Sami
Tersamische Sprache
Sami, Ter
Ter Sami language
Ume Sami is a Sami language spoken in Sweden and Norway. It is a dying language with only about 10 native speakers left and is spoken mainly along the Ume River in the north of Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur.
Lingua sami di Ume
Língua sami de Ume
Same d'Ume
Ume Sami
Sami, Ume
Ume Sami language
The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian language spoken in parts of central and northeastern Oklahoma by only around 200 Shawnee, making it an endangered language. It was originally spoken in Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. It is closely related to the Algonquian languages Mesquakie-Sauk (Sac and Fox) and Kickapoo.
Shawnee
Shawnee language
Skagit
Saek (Thai: ภาษาแสก) is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in northeastern Thailand, just across the Mekong River. It is spoken by the Saek people.
Saek
Saek language
Ma Manda
Southern Sierra Miwok is an Utian language spoken by the Native American people called the Southern Sierra Miwok of Northern California. Southern Sierra Miwok is a member of the Miwok language family along with Lake Miwok, Coast Miwok (extinct), Saclan (extinct), Plains Miwok (extinct), Northern Sierra Miwok and Central Sierra Miwok. The Miwok languages are a part of the larger Penutian language stock. The original territory of the Southern Sierra Miwok people is similar to modern day Mariposa County, California. The Southern Sierra Miwok language is nearly extinct with only a few passive speakers existing today.
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern sierra miwok
Miwok, Southern Sierra
Southern Sierra Miwok language
Yuracaré (also Yurakaré, Yurakar, Yuracare, Yurucare, Yuracar, Yurakare, Yurujuré, Yurujare) is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in Cochabamba and Beni departments spoken by the Yuracaré people.
Yuracare
Yuracaré
Yuracaré language
Ske (or Seke) is an endangered language of south-western Pentecost island in Vanuatu. Ske belongs to the East Vanuatu languages, a branch of the Austronesian languages family.
Seke
Seke (Vanuatu)
Ske language
Sakirabiá
Sakalava Malagasy
Malagasy, Sakalava
The Sikule language is spoken on Simeulue island off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Sikule
Sikule language
The Sika or Sikanese language is a member of the Central Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family, and is spoken by around 180,000 people of the Sika ethnic group on Flores island in East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It is notable for being one of the few languages which contains a non-allophonic labiodental flap.
Sika
Sika language
Seke (Nepal)
Sok
Kutong
Kolibugan Subanon
Subanon, Kolibugan
Seko Tengah
Sekapan
Sininkere
Yawa (Yava) is the Papuan language of central Yapen Island in Geelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Indonesia. Alternative names are Iau (not the same as Iau language), Mantembu, Mora, Turu, and Yapanani.
Yawa
Yawa language
Saraiki (Persian script: ), transliterated as Sirāikī and sometimes spelled Seraiki and Saraiki, is a standardized written language of Pakistan belonging to the Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages. It is a language spoken in the heart of Pakistan. Saraiki is based on a group of vernacular, historically unwritten dialects spoken by over 14 million people across the southern most half of Punjab Province, the adjacent border region of Sindh Province, and the northwest of Punjab Province, southern districts of Dera Ismail Khan and Tank of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province as well as by nearly 70,000 emigrants and their descendants in India. The development of the standard written language, a process which began after the founding of Pakistan in 1947, has been driven by a regionalist political movement. It is to be considered that this is the movement for a separate ethnic identity only and Saraikis are considered as Pakistani nationalists due to their geographic position within Pakistan.
Seraiki
Saraiki language
Maia (Maya) is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Other names for the language are Banar, Pila, Saki, Suaro, Turutap, and Yakiba.
Maia
Maia language
Sakata is a Bantu dialect cluster of DR Congo. The dialects are rather divergent: Sakata proper, Djia (Wadia), Bai (Kibay), Tuku (Ketu, Batow).
Sakata
Sakata language
Sakao is a language of the Santo subgroup of Oceanic languages. It is spoken on the northeast horn of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. It is named after Sakao Island, an islet off the northeastern shore of Espiritu Santo, almost opposite Port-Olry. However, this is not the native name of that island, which is called Laðhi by Sakao speakers. It is likely that an early explorer asked his non-Sakao speaking guide "What do you call that island?" and the guide answered "sakao," which means "coral reef" in many Austronesian languages.
Língua sakao
Sakao
Sakao language
Skou (Sekol, Sekou, Sko, Skouw, Skow, Sukou), or Tumawo (Te Mawo), is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Skou
Skou language
Skepi is an extinct Dutch-based creole language of Guyana, spoken in the region of Essequibo. It was not mutually intelligible with Berbice Creole Dutch, also spoken in Guyana. This language has been classified as extinct since 1998.
Skepi Creole Dutch
Creole Dutch, Skepi
Seko Padang
Sikaiana
Sekar
Saliba is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela. Saliba was used by Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century to communicate with indigenous peoples of the Meta, Orinoco, and Vichada valleys. It is not being passed on to many children, but that practice is being reconsidered.
Sáliba
Sáliva
Saliba language
Sissala
Yavitero or Paraene is an extinct Maipurean language of Venezuela.
Yavitero
Yavitero language
Sholaga
Swiss-Italian Sign Language
Selungai Murut
Southern Puget Sound Salish
Salish, Southern Puget Sound
Silesian German language (Silesian German: Schläsche Sproache/Schläs'sche Sproche, ), is a German dialect/language spoken in Silesia. Today, the area is mainly in southwestern Poland, but as well as in northeastern Czech Republic and in eastern Germany. The group of dialects is nearly extinct.
Lower Silesian
Schlesisch
Silésien
Tedesco Slesiano
Silesian German
Silesian, Lower
Salumá is a Carib of Brazil.
Salumá
Salumá language
Slovak (, slovenčina, not to be confused with slovenski jezik or slovenščina, the native name of the Slovene language), is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages (together with Czech, Polish, Silesian, Kashubian, and Sorbian).
Slovak
Slowakisch
eslovaco
slovacco
slovaque
Idioma eslovaco
Lingua slovacca
Língua eslovaca
Slovak language
Slovaque
Slowakische Sprache
Salt-Yui
Pangutaran Sama
Sama, Pangutaran
Salinan was the indigenous language of the Salinan people of the central coast of California. It has been extinct since the death of the last speaker in 1958.
Idioma salinero
Salinan
Salinan language
Lamaholot
Kumzari is an Iranian language spoken by the Kumzaris (a subdivision of the Shihuh tribe ) in the Kumzar coast of Musandam Peninsula, northern Oman. This is the only Iranian language spoken in the Arabian Peninsula. Kumzaris can also be found in towns of Dibah and Khasab, as well as various villages and the Larak Island. Speakers are descendants of fishermen that inhabited the coast of Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
Kumzari
Idioma kumzari
Kumzari dialect
Salchuq (also Salchuk)is a Turkic language spoken in Iran. It is probably a dialect of Azerbaijani although ISO 639-3 and Ethnologue list it as a separate language.
Salchuq
Salchuq language
Kalou
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China; some also live in Yining, Xinjiang. The Salar number about 105,000 people, of whom about 60,000 speak the Salar language; the remaining 45,000 speak Chinese.
Língua salar
Salar
Salarische Sprache
Salar language
Língua de sinais de Singapura
Singapore Sign Language
Sign language in Singapore
Sila
Selaru is an Austronesian language of Selaru and Yamdena, in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It is not close to Seluwasan, its nearest relative.
Selaru
Selaru language
Slovene or Slovenian (slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with slovenčina, the native name of Slovak) is a South Slavic language spoken by approximately 2.5 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia. It is the first language of about 1.85 million people and is one of the 23 official and working languages of the European Union.
Slovenian
Slovène
Slowenisch
esloveno
sloveno
Idioma esloveno
Lingua slovena
Língua eslovena
Slovene language
Slowenische Sprache
slovène
Sialum
Salampasu (Luntu) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Salampasu
Salampasu language
Yinhawangka
Selayar or Selayarese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 100,000 people on the island of Selayar in South Sulawesi province, Indonesia.
Selayar
Selayar language
Ma'ya is an Austronesian language spoken in West Papua by 4000 speakers. It is spoken in coastal villages on the islands Misool, Salawati, and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat islands. It has both tone and stress lexically distinctive. That means both the stress and the pitch of a word may affect meaning. The stress and tone are quite independent from one another, in contrast to Swedish and Serbo-Croat. Out of all the 1236 Austronesian languages, there are only 15 with lexical tone. There are five dialects of the language in total, three dialects on the island Waigeo: Laganyan, Wauyai and Kawe and one each on Misool and Salawati, the prestige dialect being the Salawati one. The Waigeo dialects have /s/ and /ʃ/ where the varieties spoken on Salwati and Misool have /t/ and /c/ respectively.
Ma'ya
Ma'ya language
Southern Sami (Åarjelsaemien gïele) is the southwestern-most of the Sami languages. It is a seriously endangered language; the last strongholds of this language are the municipalities of Snåsa and Hattfjelldal in Norway. There are approximately 2000 people considered ethnically Southern Sami in Norway and Sweden, but only approximately 600 of them can fluently speak the language.
Same du Sud
Southern Sami
Süd-Samisch
sami del sud
sami do sul
sami meridional
Lingua sami meridionale
Língua sami meridional
Sami meridional
Sami, Southern
Southern Sami language
Südsamische Sprache
sami du Sud
Simbari or Chimbari, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.
Simbari
Simbari language
Som
Western Lalu
Lalu, Western
Sama is a Bantu language of Angola that appears to be closely related to Kimbundu.
Sama
Sama language
Northern or North Sami (Sámegiella or Davvisámegiella, formerly Davvisámi or Davvisaami; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sami languages. The speaking area of Northern Sami covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland. The number of Northern Sami speakers is estimated to be somewhere between 15,000 and 25,000. About 2000 of these live in Finland and between 5000 and 6000 in Sweden.
Nord-Samisch
Northern Sami
sami del nord
sami do norte
sami du Nord
sami septentrional
Lingua sami settentrionale
Língua sami setentrional
Nordsamische Sprache
Northern Sami language
Same du Nord
Sami septentrional
Sami, Northern
Auwe
Simbali
Samei
Lule Sami (julevsámegiella) is a Uralic, Sami language spoken in Lule Lappmark, i.e., around the Lule River, Sweden and in the northern parts of Nordland county in Norway, especially Tysfjord municipality, where Lule Sami is an official language. It is written in the Latin script, having an official alphabet.
Lule Sami
Lule-Lappisch
Sami lule
lule sami
sami de Lule
sami lule
Lingua sami di Lule
Lule Sami language
Língua sami de Lule
Same de Lule
The Bolinao language (Bolinao: Binu-Bolinao) is spoken primarily in the Pangasinense municipality of Anda and the town of Bolinao. It has approximately 50,000 speakers (Ethnologue 1990), making it the second most widely spoken Sambalic language.
Bolinao
Bolinao language
Central Sama
Sama, Central
Yawanawa
Musasa is one of the eastern Indian Bihari languages.
Musasa
Musasa language
Inari Sámi (anarâškielâ) is a Uralic, Sami language spoken by the Inari Sami of Finland. It has approximately 300 speakers, the majority of whom are middle-aged or older and live in the municipality of Inari. According to the Sami Parliament of Finland 269 persons used Inari Sami as their first language. It is the only Sami language that is spoken exclusively in Finland. located on the shore of Lake Inari (the Inari Sámi name for the village is enclosed in parentheses):
Inari Sami
Inari-Lappisch
Same d'Inari
Sami inari
inari sami
sami inari
Inari Sami language
Inarisamische Sprache
Lingua sami di Inari
Língua sami de Inari
Sami, Inari
sami d'Inari
sami d’Inari
Samoan (Gagana Sāmoa, (pronounced ) is the language of the Samoan Islands, comprising the independent country of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa. It is an official language—alongside English—in both jurisdictions. Samoan, a Polynesian language, is the first language for most of the Samoa Islands' population of about 246,000. With many Samoan people living in other countries, the total number of speakers worldwide is estimated at 370,000. The language is notable for the phonological differences between formal and informal speech as well as a ceremonial form used in Samoan oratory.
Samoan
Samoanisch
samoan
samoano
Idioma samoano
Lingua samoana
Língua samoana
Samoan language
Samoische Sprache
Samaritan
Samo, also known as Daba, Nomad, and Supei, is a Trans–New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River. It has switch-reference marking for the subject of a clause.
Samo
Samo language
The Simeulue language is spoken on Simeulue island, off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Simeulue
Simeulue language
Skolt Sami is a Uralic, Sami language spoken by approximately 400 speakers in Finland, mainly in Sevettijärvi, and approximately 20–30 speakers of the Njuõˊttjäuˊrr (Notozero) dialect in an area surrounding Lake Lovozero in Russia. Skolt Sami used to also be spoken on the Neiden area of Norway, although it has died out there. It is written using a Roman orthography that was made official in 1973.
Same skolt
Sami skolt
Skolt Sami
Skolt-Lappisch
sami skolt
skolt sami
Lingua sami skolt
Língua sami de Skolt
Sami, Skolt
Skolt Sami language
Skoltsamische Sprache
Wuding-Luquan Yi
Yi, Wuding-Luquan
Simte
Suoy is an endangered Pearic language of Cambodia spoken by a decreasing number of people, mainly older adults.
Somray
Suoy language
Kadodi is the language spoken by the Kupari community in Vasai, Maharashtra, India. It is also called Samvedic. It may be a divergent dialect of Konkani, with Marathi and Gujarati influence.
Samvedi
Kadodi language
Sumbawa (Sumbawarese) is the language of the western half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with Bima. It is closely related to the languages of adjacent Lombok and Bali; indeed, it is the westernmost language in the south of Indonesia that is not part of the Central Malayo-Polynesian Sprachbund.
Sumbawa
Sumbawa language
Samba
Semnani
Simeku is an East Papuan language spoken in the mountains of southern Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Simeku
Simeku language
Shona (or chiShona) is a Bantu language, native to the Shona people of Zimbabwe and southern Zambia; the term is also used to identify peoples who speak one of the Shona language dialects: Zezuru, Karanga, Manyika, Ndau and Korekore. (Some researchers include Kalanga: others recognise Kalanga as a distinct language in its own right.) Shona is a principal language of Zimbabwe, along with Ndebele and the official business language, English. Shona is spoken by a large percentage of the people in Zimbabwe. Other countries that host Shona language speakers are Zambia and Botswana and Mozambique.
Shona
shona
Idioma shona
Lingua shona
Língua chona
Shona language
Yawuru is a Western Nyulnyulan language formerly spoken on the coast south of Broome in Western Australia.
Yawuru
Yawuru language
Sebuyau
Sinaugoro
Sindhi (Sindhi: ) is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division. It is the second most spoken language in all of Pakistan and is theoretically the official language of the province of Sindh, although Urdu and English are still the main languages for many administrative and business purposes. It is also spoken in India by some 5,820,485 speakers. In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the federal government. Abroad there are some 2.6 million Sindhis, out of which approximately 60% are Pakistani and 40% are Indian.
Sindhi
sindhi
sindhî
sindi
Idioma sindhi
Lingua sindhi
Língua sindi
Sindhi language
Jagoi, or Bau, is a Dayak language of Borneo. Gumbang dialect may actually be closer to Tringgus.
Bau Bidayuh
Bidayuh, Bau
Jagoi language
Noon (Non, None, Serer-Noon) is a Cangin language of Senegal. Ethnologue reports that it is 84% cognate (and 52% intelligible) with Lehar, essentially a divergent dialect, and 68% cognate with the other Cangin languages.
Noon
Sérère-Noon
Noon language
Sanga, or Luba-Sanga, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is closely related to Luba-Katanga.
Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Shinabo
Sensi
Riverain Sango
Sango, Riverain
The Soninke language (Soninke: Sooninkanxanne ) is a Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of West Africa. The language has an estimated 1,096,795 speakers, primarily located in Mali, and also (in order of numerical importance of the communities) in Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana. It enjoys the status of a national language in Mali, Senegal, and Mauritania.
Soninke
soninke
soninké
soninquê
Idioma soninké
Língua soninquê
Soninke language
Soninke-Sprache
Soninké
Sangil
Central Lalo
Lalo, Central
Lalo, Xishanba
Xishanba Lalo
Southern Ma'di
Ma'di, Southern
The Siona language (otherwise known as Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka, Kanú) is a Tukanoan language of Columbia and Ecuador.
Siona
Siona language
Snohomish
Siane (Siani) is a Papuan language spoken in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Siane
Siane language
Sangu (also spelled Chango, Isangu, Shango, Yisangou, and Yisangu) is a language spoken in Gabon by approximately 20,900 (2000) Masangu people.
Isangu
Sangu (Gabon)
Sihan
Nahavaq
South West Bay
Viid
Senggi
Sa'ban
Santrokofi or Selee (Sεlεε, name of both people and language) is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the Togorestsprachen or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo.
Selee
Santrokofi language
Wumeng Nasu
Nasu, Wumeng
Sam
Sanio, or more precisely Saniyo-Hiyewe, is a Sepik language of northern Papua New Guinea.
Saniyo-Hiyewe
Sanio language
Sinsauru
Thai Song
Sobei is one of the Sarmi languages spoken in three villages (Sarmi, Sawar, and Bagaiserwar) near the district center of Sarmi in Papua province of Indonesia. Ethnologue (2005) cites two third-party population estimates of 1,000 and 1,850, while Sterner estimates the population at 1,500 (1975) and 2,000 (1987), based on actual residence in the area.
Sobei
Sobei language
So (also Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Soko) is a language spoken by about 6,000 people as of 1971 in the Orientale Province, north of Basoko in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
So (Democratic Republic of Congo)
So language
Songoora is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Songoora
Songoora language
Hendo, also known as Songomeno, is a Bantu language in Kasai-Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Songomeno
Hendo language
Yawarawarga
:"Sogdian" redirects here. For the state, see Sogdiana. The Sogdian language is a Middle Iranian language that was spoken in Sogdiana (Zarafshan River Valley), located in modern day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (chief cities: Samarkand, Panjakent, Fergana).
Sogdian
Sogdisch
sogdiano
sogdien
Idioma sogdiano
Língua sogdiana
Sogdian language
Sogdien
Sogdische Sprache
Aka Sillok is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Sillok people of Sudan.
Aka
Sillok language
Sonha
Soi
Sokoro is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Dialects are Bedanga and Sokoro.
Sokoro
Sokoro language
Solos
The Somali language (; ) is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Its nearest relatives are Afar and Oromo. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies beginning before 1900.
Somali
somali
somalo
somalí
Idioma somalí
Lingua somala
Língua somali
Somali language
Mayawali
Songo
Songe, also known as Songye, Lusonge, Yembe, and Northeast Luba, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kisongye
Songe
Songe language
Kanasi (or Sona) is the easternmost Papuan language of New Guinea.
Kanasi
Kanasi language
Somrai, also known as Sounrai, Shibne, Somrei, Sibine, Somre, Sumrai, Soumray, and Soumrai, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjilé and Lai. The speakers or Somrai are not bilingual; the language is not mutually intelligible with any other, as its highest lexical similarity with another language is with Ndam (42%). Most of the speakers, who call themselves Shibne or Sibine, generally practice traditional religions, Christianity, or Islam.
Somrai
Soumray
Somrai language
Seenku (Seeku) is a Mande language of Burkina Faso. The northern and southern dialects, Timiku and Gbeneku, are easily intelligible.
Seeku
Seenku
Sembla language
Turrubal (Turubul), also known as Yagara (Jagara), is an extinct language of Australia.
Yagara
Turrubal language
|style = "float: right" |- | valign = "top"| | |} The Sotho language, also known as Sesotho, Southern Sotho, or Southern Sesotho, is a Bantu language spoken primarily in South Africa, where it is one of the 11 official languages, and in Lesotho, where it is the national language. It is an agglutinative language which uses numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Idioma sesotho
Sesotho
Sotho language
sesotho
sotho del sud
soto do sul
Lingua sotho del sud
SeSotho do sul
Sotho du Sud
Sotho, Southern
Southern Sotho
Süd-Sotho-Sprache
sesotho meridional
sotho du Sud
Southern Thai or Dambro (, ; , ) is a Tai language spoken in the 14 changwat of Southern Thailand as well as by small communities in the northernmost Malaysian states. It is spoken by roughly five million people, and as a second language by the 1.5 million speakers of Patani Malay and other ethnic groups such as the local Thai Chinese communities, Negritos, and other tribal groups. Most speakers are also fluent or understand the standard Thai language.
Southern Thai
Südthailändische Sprache
Southern Thai language
Thai, Southern
The Sonsorolese language is a Micronesian language spoken in Palau, originally on the islands composing the state of Sonsorol, but nowadays mostly by immigrants in the rest of the country. It is very close to Tobian.
Idioma sonsorol
Sonsorol
Sonsorolais
Sonsorolesische Sprache
Sonsorolese language
Sowanda is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, with a couple hundred speakers in Indonesian Papua.
Sowanda
Sowanda language
Swo
Miyobe
Sonjo is a Bantu language spoken in northern Tanzania, 30–40 miles west of Lake Natron. Ethnolinguistically, it is a displaced member of Guthrie’s E50 group, most other members of which are found in Central Kenya. Within that group, it is most closely related to Gikuyu. The Sonjo people number about 30,000 (2002 SIL); many of them are bilingual in Swahili, the local language of education. Sonjo is largely undescribed.
Temi
Sonjo language
Spanish or Castilian is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of spoken Latin in central-northern Iberia around the ninth century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile (present northern Spain) into central and southern Iberia during the later Middle Ages.
Spanisch
Spanish
espagnol
espanhol
español
spagnolo
Castilian
Espagnol
Idioma español
Lingua spagnola
Língua castelhana
Spanische Sprache
Spanish language
Castelhano
Sepa
Sepa (Indonesia)
Sapé Kaliana is a nearly extinct language spoken along the Paragua and Karuna rivers. In 2008 a few elderly speakers were found. Sape is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate.
Idioma sapé
Sapé
Sapé language
Saep is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Saep
Saep language
Yardliyawarra
Sepa (Papua New Guinea)
Sian
Saponi is nearly extinct a Papuan language of Indonesia. It shares half of its basic vocabulary with the Rasawa language, but its not clear that they are related. Saponi shares none of its pronouns with the Lakes Plain family that Rasawa is part of; indeed its basic pronouns mamire "I, we" and ba "thou" are remenincent of proto–East Birds Head *meme "we" and *ba "thou".
Saponi
Saponi language
Sengo
Selepet
Yinwum
Akukem
Spokane
Supyire, or Suppire, is the name of a language centralized in the Sikasso Region region of southeastern Mali, in western Africa. Supyire is spoken by an estimated 364,000 Supyire people, according to Ethnologue. The language belongs to the larger language group of Senufo, a member of the Gur subgroup of Niger–Congo languages. In their native language, the noun sùpyìré literally translates into both “the people” and “the language spoken by the people”.
Supyire Senoufo
Senoufo, Supyire
Supyire language
Loreto-Ucayali Spanish
Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali
Zuni (also Zuñi) is a language of the Zuni people, indigenous to western New Mexico and eastern Arizona in the United States. It is spoken by around 9,500 people worldwide, especially in the vicinity of Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, and much smaller numbers in parts of Arizona.
Zuñi
Zuni
zuni
zunhi
Zuni-Sprache
Idioma zuñi
Zuni language
Língua zuni
Saparua
Yuyu
Saposa
Spiti Bhoti is a Tibetan language spoken in India. It is closer to Standard Tibetan than it is to Ladakhi, which is also spoken in the area.
Spiti Bhoti
Bhoti, Spiti
Sapuan
Kosli
Sambalpuri
South Picene is an extinct Italic language, belonging to the Sabellic subfamily. It is currently considered by SIL International to belong to the Umbrian Group although in the long history of its attempted classification it has been placed at a higher level, parallel to Oscan and Umbrian within Sabellic, or even higher, parallel to Sabellic within Italic. It is apparently unrelated to the as yet undeciphered North Picene language. South Picene texts were at first relatively inscrutable even though some words were clearly Indo-European. The discovery in 1983 that two of the apparently redundant punctuation marks were in reality simplified letters led to an incremental improvement in their understanding and a first translation in 1985. Difficulties remain.
Dialetto piceno
Idioma piceno meridional
South Picene
Sud-picène
Süd-Pikenische Sprache
Picene, South
South Picene language
Yabula-Yabula (Jabulajabula), also known as Narinari, in an extinct language of Australia. Dixon considers it an isolate.
Yabula Yabula
Yabula-Yabula language
SABAOT The Sabaot people live on or near the slopes of Mount Elgon. The hills of their homeland gradually rise from an elevation of 5,000 to 14,000 feet. The area is crisscrossed by numerous mountain streams and spectacular waterfalls. Mount Elgon is an extinct volcano about fifty (50) miles in diameter. The Kenya-Uganda border goes straight through the mountain-top, cutting the Sabaot homeland into two halves.
Sabaot
Sabaot language
Shama-Sambuga
Shau
Albanian (, pronounced , or shqip ) is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, Sicily, and Ukraine. Additionally, speakers of Albanian can be found elsewhere throughout the latter two countries resulting from a modern diaspora, originating from the Balkans, that also includes Scandinavia, Switzerland, Germany, United Kingdom, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Singapore, Brazil, Canada and the United States.
Albanais
Albanian
Albanisch
albanese
albanés
albanês
Albanian language
Albanian languages
Albanische Sprache
Idioma albanés
Lingua albanese
Língua albanesa
albanais
albanaises, langues
langue albanaises
Albanian Sign Language
Suma
Susquehannock is an extinct language that once was spoken by the Native American Susquehannocks. It is a part of the Iroquoian language family.
Susquehannock
Susquehannock language
Sorkhei
Sou
Siculo-Arabic (or Sicilian Arabic) was a variety of Arabic spoken in Sicily and Malta between the ninth and the fourteenth centuries. It is extinct in Sicily, but it has developed into what is now the Maltese language on the islands of Malta.
Arabe sicilien
Lingua siculo-araba
Siculo Arabic
Arabic, Siculo
Sicilian Arabic
The Sri Lankan sign languages are several deaf sign languages used in 14 schools for the deaf in Sri Lanka. The British manual alphabet is used.
Língua de Sinais do Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Sign Language
Sri Lankan sign languages
Soqotri, or Socotri, (autonym: méthel d-saqátri; Arabic - اللغة السقطرية) is the language of the native population of the island of Socotra, and Abd al Kuri and Samhah islands of the Socotra archipelago off the southern coast of the Republic of Yemen. It is one of the Modern South Arabian languages.
Idioma socotrí
Língua socotri
Soqotri
Soqotri language
The Squamish language (Squamish: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim, snichim meaning "language") is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamish people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, centered on their reserve communities in Squamish, North Vancouver, and West Vancouver. An archaic historical rendering of the native "Sḵwx̱wú7mesh" is "Sko-ko-mish" but this should not be confused with the name of the Skokomish people of Washington state. Squamish is most closely related to the Sháshíshálh, Halkomelem, and Nooksack languages. In the Squamish orthography, the symbol 7 is used to represent the glottal stop, /ʔ/.
Lingua squamish
Squamish
Squamish language
Saruga
Sora (also Saora, Saonras, Shabari, Sabar, Saura, Savara, Sawaria, Swara, Sabara) is a Munda language of India, spoken by some 288,000 native speakers (1997) in South Orissa in eastern India, mainly in the Ganjam District, but also in the Koraput and Phulbani districts; other communities exist in Andhra Pradesh (Srikakulam District), Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and the Plains Division of Assam.
Sora
Sora language
Logudorese Sardinian (, ) is a standardised variety of Sardinian, often considered the most conservative of all Romance languages. Its ISO 639-3 code is src.
Lingua sarda logudorese
Logudorese dialect
Logudorese Sardinian
Sardinian, Logudorese
Yau (Sandaun Province)
Sardinian (, ) is a Romance language spoken and written on most of the island of Sardinia (Italy). It is considered the most conservative of the Romance languages in terms of phonology and is noted for its Paleosardinian substratum.
Sarde
Sardinian
Sardisch
sardo
Idioma sardo
Lingua sarda
Língua sarda
Sardinian language
Sardische Sprache
sarde
The Sara language is a language spoken in Kalimantan in Indonesia by about 200 people.
Sara
Sara language
Nafi
Sulod
The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China. It is officially referred to in China as the "Tajik language", although it is different from the language spoken in Tajikistan.
Idioma sarikoli
Sarikoli
Sariqoli
Sarikoli language
Siriano
Serudung Murut
Isirawa is a Papuan language spoken by about two thousand people on the north coast of Papua province, Indonesia. It's a local trade language, and use is vigorous. Stephen Wurm (1975) linked it to the Kwerba languages within the Trans–New Guinea family, and it does share about 20% of its vocabulary with neighboring Kwerba languages. However, based on its pronouns, Malcolm Ross (2005) felt he could not substantiate such a link, and left it as a language isolate. The pronouns are not, however, dissimilar from those of Orya–Tor, which Ross links to Kwerba, and Donahue (2002) accept it as a Greater Kwerba language.
Isirawa
Isirawa language
Ayizi
Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 24,000 people near the Saramacca and upper Suriname Rivers in Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guyana), and 2,000 in French Guiana. The speakers are mostly descendants of fugitive slaves; they form a group called Saramacca, also spelled Saramaka.
Saramacano
Saramaccaans
Saramaccan
Saramaka
Saramaccan language
Sranan (also Sranan Tongo or Sranantongo "Surinamean tongue", Surinaams, Surinamese, Suriname Creole, Taki Taki) is a creole language spoken as a lingua franca by approximately 300,000 people in Suriname. It was previously called nengre or in Dutch negerengels ("Negro English").
Sranan
Sranan Tongo
Srananisch
sranan tongo
Lingua Sranan Tongo
Sranantongo
idioma surinamês
Campidanese Sardinian (, ) is a standardised variety of Sardinian primarily spoken in the Province of Cagliari. Traditionally, the name Campidano refers to the fertile area located around the towns of Guspini and Villacidro. Campidanese and its variants of the dialect can be found across the entire Provincia di Cagliari and not just the Province of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of Provincia di Nuoro, notably the Ogliastra area. However, it is at this point that the language merges into Logudorese.
Campidanese dialect
Campidanesisch
Lingua sarda campidanese
Campidanese Sardinian
Sardinian, Campidanese
Serbian (, Latin: srpski, ) is a form of Serbo-Croatian spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Albania, and neighbouring countries.
Serbian
Serbisch
serbe
serbio
serbo
sérvio
Idioma serbio
Lingua serba
Língua sérvia
Serbe
Serbian language
Serbische Sprache
Sirionó
Serer, sometimes called Serer-Sine "Serer proper" (Seereer-Siin, etc.) after its prestige dialect, is a language of the Senegambian branch of Niger–Congo spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in The Gambia. It is the principal language of the Serer people.
Serer
serer
serere
sérère
Língua serer
Serer language
Serer-Sprache
Sérère
Tsuut’ina (also Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuu T’ina, Tsu T’ina, Tsúùtínà) is a language spoken by the Tsuu T'ina Nation near Calgary, Alberta. It belongs to the Athabaskan language family, which also include the Navajo and Chiricahua of the south, and the Dene Suline and Tłı̨chǫ of the north.
Sarcee
Sarsi
Sarcee language
E'ma Buyang
Buyang, E'ma
Sauri
Suruí, Paíter or Suruí-Paíter, is a Tupian language of Brazil.
Suruí
Surui language
Southern Sorsoganon
Sorsoganon, Southern
Serua
Sirmauri
Sera
Shahmirzadi
Southern Sama
Sama, Southern
Zokhuo
Suba-Simbiti
Siroi (Suroi) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, and a local trade language.
Siroi
Siroi language
Balangingi
Bangingih Sama
Sama, Bangingih
Thao (θau), also known as Sao, is the language of the Thao people, a tribe of Taiwanese aborigines in the region of Sun Moon Lake in central Taiwan. In 2000 there were approximately 5 or 6 speakers living in Dehua (德化) village (however this name is discouraged among the Thao inhabitants), all but one of whom were over the age of sixty. It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family; Barawbaw and Shtafari are dialects.
Lingua Thao
Thao
Thao language
The Seimat language is one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Wuvulu-Aua and the extinct Kaniet. The language is spoken by approximately 1000 people on the Ninigo and the Anchorite Islands in western Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has SVO word order.
Seimat
Seimat language
Shihhi Arabic (also known as Shihu, Shihuh, Al-Shihuh) is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Musandam Peninsula of Oman.
Shihhi Arabic
Árabe chíji
Arabic, Shihhi
The Sansi language, Sansiboli, or Bhilki, is a highly endangered Indo-Aryan language of the Central group. The language is spoken by the nomadic Sansi people.
Sansi
Sansi language
Sierra de Juárez Zapotec
Zapotec, Sierra de Juárez
Sausi is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Sausi
Sausi language
The Sunam dialect of Kinnauri, sometimes considered a separate language, and also known as Sungam, Sungnam, Thebor, Thebör Skadd, Thebarshad, Central Kinnauri, or Sangnaur, is spoken in the Kinnaur district (particularly in the Sunam village) of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The number of people speaking the language is only approximately 558, according to 1998 data from Ethnologue.
Sunam
Sunam language
Western Sisaala
Sisaala, Western
Semnam is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Semnam
Semnam language
Waata
Sissano is an Austronesian language spoken by about 300 people around Sissano in Aitape District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.
Sissano
Sissano language
Spanish Sign Language is a sign language used mainly by deaf people in Spain and the people who live with them.
Langue des signes espagnole
Lengua de signos española
Spanish Sign language
Spanish Sign Language
So'a
San Juan Guelavía Zapotec
Zapotec, San Juan Guelavía
Swiss-French Sign Language
Sô is a Katuic language (Mon-Khmer) of Laos and Thailand.
Sô language
Sinasina is a language of Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea.
Sinasina
Sinasina language
The Susuami language is a heavily endangered Papuan language, spoken in the resettlement village of Manki along the upper Watut River, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. In 1980 it was estimated at 50 speakers, and faced competition from the several other languages spoken in the village, including distantly-related Hamtai and Angaataha, as well as the usual use of Tok Pisin with outsiders.
Susuami
Susuami language
The Shark Bay language is one of the East Santo languages group of languages. It is spoken on Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu. It has about 450 speakers. It is close to Lorediakarkar.
Shark Bay
Shark Bay language
The Swazi or Swati language ( , ) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Swaziland and South Africa by the Swazi people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 3 million. The language is taught in Swaziland and some South African schools in Mpumalanga and KaNgwane areas. Swazi is an official language of Swaziland, (along with English), and is also one of the eleven official languages of South Africa.
Swati
Swazi
siswati
swati
Idioma suazi
Lingua swati
Língua suázi
Siswati
Swazi language
Samberigi
The Saho language is a Cushitic language of Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Saho
saho
Língua saho
Saho language
Ocotlán Zapotec
Zapotec, Ocotlán
Sengseng is an Austronesian language spoken by about 1750 individuals in the southwest interior of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
Sengseng
Sengseng language
Settla
Northern Subanen
Subanen, Northern
Sentinelese (Sentinel in ISO 639-3) is the unknown language of the Sentinelese people of North Sentinel Island in the Andaman Islands, India. It is presumably a distinct Andamanese language, but how closely it may be related to other languages of those families is unknown. Based on what little is known about similarities in culture and technology and their geographical proximity, it is supposed that their history and language are related to the Ongan languages rather than Great Andamanese. On the two documented occasions when Onge individuals were taken to North Sentinel Island in order to attempt communication, they were unable to recognise any of the language spoken by the inhabitants in the brief and hostile exchanges that resulted.
Idioma centinelés
Sentinel
Sentinelese language
Liana-Seti
Seta
Trieng
Shelta is a language spoken by Irish Travellers, particularly in Ireland, but also parts of Great Britain. It is widely known as the Cant, to its native speakers in Ireland as Gammon and to the linguistic community as Shelta. It was often used as a cryptolect to exclude outsiders from comprehending conversations between travellers,
Língua shelta
Shelta
Cajonos Zapotec
Zapotec, Cajonos
Bulo Stieng
Stieng, Bulo
Matya Samo
Samo, Matya
Arammba (Aramba), also Serki, Serkisetavi, and Upper Morehead, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Arammba
Arammba language
Stellingwarfs is the form of Dutch Low Saxon spoken in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the Dutch province of Friesland.
Stellingwarfs
Stellingwerfs
Setaman
The Owa language is a language of the Solomon Islands. It is part of the same dialect chain as Kahua, and shares the various alternate names of that dialect.
Owa
Owa-Sprache
Owa language
Stoney
Southeastern Tepehuan
Tepehuan, Southeastern
Yareni Zapotec
Zapotec, Yareni
Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language. It is closely related to the other Frisian languages—North Frisian, which, like Saterland Frisian, is spoken in Germany and West Frisian, which is spoken in the Netherlands.
Dialetto frisone orientale
Frison oriental
Frisón del Saterland
Saterfriesisch
Saterfriesische Sprache
Saterland Frisian language
North Straits Salish is a Salish language which includes the dialects of Lummi, Samish, Saanich, Semiahmoo, Songish, and Sooke. Although they are mutually intelligible, each dialect is traditionally referred to as if they were separate languages, and there is no native term to encompass them all.
Northern straits salish
Straits Salish
North Straits Salish languages
Salish, Straits
Shumashti – also known as Shumasht – is a language spoken in parts of western Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan.
Shumashti
Shumashti language
Budeh Stieng
Stieng, Budeh
Samtao
Silt'e
Satawalese
Sulka is a possible language isolate scattered across the eastern end of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 3000 speakers.
Sulka
Sulka language
Ayoquesco Zapotec
Zapotec, Ayoquesco
Suku
Western Subanon
Subanon, Western
Suena
Suganga
Suki is a language isolate spoken by about 3500 people several miles inland along the Fly River in southwestern Papua New Guinea. Suki is primarily spoken in six villages of the Western Province: Gwaku, Iwewi, Ewe, Gwibaku, Duru, and Isala. Suki is genetically related to the three other languages of the Gogodala–Suki stock, Gogodala, Ari, and Waruna, but is considered a family-level isolate within this group. As with many Papuan languages, there are very few published materials on Suki. The literacy rate in Suki is 5-15%, English is the language of instruction in schools and Hiri Motu is also spoken.
Suki
Suki language
Shubi is a Bantu language spoken in by the Shubi people in north-western Tanzania. It is may use labiodental plosives , (sometimes written ) as phonemes, rather than as allophones of . Peter Ladefoged wrote: :We have heard labiodental stops made by a Shubi speaker whose teeth were sufficiently close together to allow him to make an airtight labiodental closure. For this speaker this sound was clearly in contrast with a bilabial stop; but we suspect that the majority of Shubi speakers make the contrast one of bilabial stop versus labial-labiodental affricate (i.e. bilabial stop closure followed by a labiodental fricative), rather than bilabial versus labiodental stop.
Shubi
Shubi language
Sukuma is a Bantu language spoken by over five million people in central Tanzania. It forms a dialect continuum with Nyamwezi, but is more distinct from other neighboring languages.
Sukuma
Sukuma-Sprache
sukuma
Sukuma language
Sundanese (Bahasa Sunda, in Sundanese script ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population.
Sundanese
Sundanesisch
soundanais
sundanese
sundanés
sundanês
Idioma sondanés
Lingua sondanese
Língua sundanesa
Soundanais
Sundanese language
Sundanesische Sprache
The Zaghawa language is a Saharan language spoken by the Zaghawa people of eastern central Chad (in the Sahel) and northwestern Sudan (Darfur). The people who speak this language call it Beria, from Beri, the endonym of the Zaghawa people, and "a," Zaghawa for mouth. It has been estimated that there are between 75,000 to 350,000 Zaghawa language speakers who primarily live in Chad and the Darfur region of Sudan.
Zaghawa
Zaghawa language
Suri (also Churi, Dhuri, Shuri, Shuro, Surma) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language spoken in the Bench Maji Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR) in Ethiopia, to the South Sudan border, and across the border in South Sudan by the Suri. The language has over 80% lexical similarity to Mursi.
Suri
Suri language
Mwaghavul (also known as Mupun) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects are Mupun and Panyam.
Mwaghavul
Mwaghavul language
Sosoxui (Soso or Susu) is the language of the Soso people of Guinea, West Africa. It is in the Mande language family.
Soussou
Susu
sosso
susu
Língua susu
Susu language
soussou
Subtiaba is an extinct Oto-Manguean language which was spoken on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua. In 1925 Edward Sapir wrote an article based on scant evidence arguing for the inclusion of Subtiaba in his hypothesized Hokan group. Others have linked Subtiaba to the Jicaque and Tol languages, but since Suárez's work it is generally accepted that Subtiaba is an Oto-Manguean language. When Sapir wrote about it in 1925 it was already very endangered or moribund.
Idioma sutiaba
Subtiaba
Subtiaba language
Sulung, or Puroik, is a small Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India.
Puroik
Puroik language
Sumbwa is a Bantu language of Tanzania. It was once thought to be close to Sukuma, but that now appears to be a regional effect.
Sumbwa
Sumbwa language
Sumerian ( "native tongue") is the language of ancient Sumer, which was spoken in southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) since at least the 4th millennium BC. During the 3rd millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian (and vice versa) is evident in all areas, from lexical borrowing on a massive scale, to syntactic, morphological, and phonological convergence. but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD. Then, it was forgotten until the 19th century, when Assyriologists began deciphering the cuneiform inscriptions and excavated tablets left by these speakers. Sumerian is a language isolate.
Sumerian
Sumerisch
Sumérien
sumerio
sumero
sumério
Idioma sumerio
Lingua sumera
Língua suméria
Sumerian language
Sumerische Sprache
sumérien
Suyá is a Ge language of Brazil.
Suyá
Suyá language
Sunuwari is a Kiranti language spoken in Nepal by the Sunuwar people. It was first comprehensively attested by the Himalayan Languages Project.
Sunwar
Sunwar language
The Svan language (Svan: ლუშნუ ნინ, lušnu nin; svanuri ena) is a Kartvelian language spoken in the Western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Georgians of Svan origin. With its speakers variously estimated to be between 30,000 and 80,000, the UNESCO designates the Svan as a "definitely endangered language".
Idioma esvano
Lingua svan
Língua svan
Svan
Svane
Swanische Sprache
Svan language
Ulau-Suain
Vincentian Creole is an English-lexified creole language spoken in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The number of speakers of Vincentian Creole is about 100 000. Vincentian Creole does not have the status of an official language.
Vincentian Creole
Creole English, Vincentian
Vincentian Creole English
Zangwal (also known as Twar or Zwangal) is an endangered language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria. There were approximately 100 remaining speakers in 1993.
Zangwal
Zangwal language
Serili
Slovakian Sign Language
Slavomolisano
The Savara language is a South-Central Dravidian language. It is known to be written using the Oriya and Telugu scripts, as well as its own writing system.
Língua savara
Savara
Savara language
The Savosavo language is spoken on Savo, a small volcanic island north of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Savosavo is one of the Central Solomon Papuan languages, unlike most of the languages in the vicinity, which are members of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family. The nearest Papuan language to Savosavo is Lavukaleve.
Savosavo
Savosavo language
Skalvian
Swahili or Kiswahili (known in Swahili itself as Kiswahili) is a Bantu language spoken by various ethnic groups that inhabit several large stretches of the Mozambique Channel coastline from northern Kenya to northern Mozambique, including the Comoro Islands. It is also spoken by ethnic minority groups in Somalia. Although only five million people speak Swahili as their mother tongue, it is used as a lingua franca in much of East Africa, meaning the total number of speakers exceeds 60 million. Swahili serves as a national, or official language, of five nations: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, the Comoros and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Idioma suajili
Lingua swahili
Língua suaíli
Swahili
swahili
Swahili (macrolanguage)
Swahili language
Maore Comorian, or Shimaore (French Mahorais), is one of the two indigenous languages spoken in the French-ruled Comorian islands of Mayotte; Shimaore being a dialect of the Comorian (Swahili) language, while KiBushi is an unrelated Malayo-Polynesian language originally from Madagascar. Historically, Shimaore- and KiBushi-speaking villages on Mayotte have been clearly identified, but Shimaore tends to be the de facto indigenous lingua franca in everyday life, because of the larger Shimaore-speaking population. Only Shimaore is represented on the local television news program by RFO. The 2002 census references 80,140 speakers of Shimaore in Mayotte itself, to which one would have to add people living outside the island, mostly in metropolitan France. There are also 20,000 speakers of Comorian in Madagascar, some of which are Shimaore speakers.
Comorian
Komorisch
Mahorais
comorense
comoriano
Comorian, Maore
Idioma mahorés
Maore Comorian
Maore dialect
comorien
língua comoriana
Congo Swahili
congo swahili
suaili do Congo
swahili del Congo
swahili du Congo
Swahili, Congo
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish (see Classification). Along with the other North Germanic languages, Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. It is currently the largest of the North Germanic languages by numbers of speakers.
Schwedisch
Suédois
Swedish
sueco
svedese
Idioma sueco
Lingua svedese
Língua sueca
Schwedische Sprache
Swedish language
suédois
Sere is a minor Ubangian language of the Congo. The name is variously spelled Serre, Shaire, Shere, Sheri, Sili, Siri, French Chere, or prefixed as Basili, Basiri.
Sere
Sere language
Isthmus Zapotec (native name diidxazá; Spanish: Zapoteco del Istmo) is a Zapotecan language spoken in Tehuantepec and Juchitán de Zaragoza, in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
Isthmus Zapotec
Zapotec, Isthmus
Swabian (Schwäbisch) is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, a region which covers much of Germany's southwestern state Baden-Württemberg, including its capital Stuttgart, the rural area known as the Swabian Alb, and Bavaria. Swabian is also spoken by part of the Danube Swabian minorities in Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Romania, and the former Soviet Union .
Dialetto svevo
Idioma suabo
Schwäbische Dialekte
Souabe
Swabian
Swabian German
Kibajuni is a dialect of the Bantu Swahili language. It is spoken by the Bajuni people who inhabit the tiny Bajuni Islands and coastal Kenya, in addition to parts of southern Somalia, where they constitute a minority ethnic group.
Suaheli
suaili
Kibajuni dialect
Kiswahili
Swahili (individual language)
The Sui language is a Tai–Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province, China. According to Ethnologue, the total number of speakers is around 200,000 as of 1999. Sui is also unique for its rich inventory of consonants, with the Sandong (三洞) dialect having as many as 70 consonants. The language also has its own script, known as "Shuishu" (水書) in Chinese, and is used for ritual purposes.
Sui
Sui language
Sira
Malawi Sena
Sena, Malawi
Swedish Sign Language (STS) is the sign language used in Sweden.
Svenskt teckenspråk
Swedish Sign Language
Samosa
Sokna or Sawknah is a Berber language spoken in the town of Sokna (Isuknan) and the village of Fuqaha in northeastern Fezzan in Libya. The most extensive and recent materials on it are Sarnelli (1924) for Sokna and Paradisi (1963) for El-Fogaha. Both articles report that the language was spoken only by a handful of old people at the time, so it is generally presumed to be extinct. The Ethnologue reports that it had 5,600 speakers as of 2006; the basis for this claim is unclear.
Idioma sawknah
Sawknah
Sokna language
Shenenawa is an unclassified language of Brazil. Speakers are shifting to Portuguese.
Shanenawa
Shenenawa language
Suau
Sharwa (also known as Tchevi, Sherwin, Sarwaye) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province. There are signs of language shift to Fulfulde.
Sharwa
Sharwa language
Zaramo is a Niger–Congo language, formerly the primary tongue of the Zaramo people of eastern Tanzania. Today there are very few speakers, as the Zaramo population mainly use Swahili instead. The language is also known as Zalamo, Kizaramo, Dzalamo, Zaramu, Saramo or Myagatwa.
Zaramo
Zaramo language
Saweru closely related to Yawa of central Yapen Island in Geelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Indonesia, of which it is sometimes considered a dialect. It is spoken on Serui Island just offshore.
Saweru
Saweru language
Seluwasan is an Austronesian language of Yamdena, in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It is not close to Selaru. Makatian dialect is distinct.
Seluwasan
Seluwasan language
Sawila, or Tanglapui, is a Papuan language of the Moluccas. Dialects are Sawila proper, Lona, Salimana, Lalamana, Sileba.
Sawila
Sawila language
Suwawa
Shekhawati is a Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan languages family and is spoken by about three million speakers in Churu, Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts of Rajasthan. Though a very important dialect from the grammatical and literary points of view, yet very little work is carried out on it. In 2001 A descriptive grammar of Shekhawati has been published. Shekhawati, like Bagri dialect of Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts, has parallel lexicon which make it very rich from the lexicographical point of view. Word order is typical SOV and there is existence of implosives. Beside presence of high tone at suprasegmental level classify it with other dialects of Rajasthani. It has contributed a lot to the development of Rajasthani language and linguistics.
Shekhawati
Shekhawati language
Sowa was the original language of south-central Pentecost island in Vanuatu. In recent times it has been totally displaced by Apma, a neighbouring language. Sowa is very closely related to Ske, another south Pentecost language.
Sowa
Sowa language
Zuruahá (also called Suruaha, Suruwaha, Zuruaha, Índios do Coxodoá ) is an Arawan language spoken in Brazil by about 130 people.
Suruahá
Suruwahá
Zuruahá language
Sarua (also known as Sarwa, Saroua) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwestern Chad.
Sarua
Sarua language
The Suba language is the language of Kenya's Suba people. As the Suba number very few to begin with (under 30,000), and the majority have begun speaking Dholuo (the language of the neighbouring Luo people) as their main language, Suba is on the verge of extinction. The remaining speakers are mostly elderly residents on the island of Mfangano. However, efforts have been made to renew teaching of the language , with a goal of having half the Suba population speaking the language within ten years.
Suba
Suba language
The Sicani (Greek Σικανοί Sikanoi) or Sicanians were one of three ancient peoples of Sicily present at the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization.
Civiltà sicana
Sicanes
Sicani
Sicanos
Sikanen
Sicanian
Sighu
Zanaki, Kizanaki, or Ikizanaki is a Bantu language of Tanzania. It is spoken by the Zanaki people of Musoma and was the first language of Tanzanian president Julius Nyerere.
Zanaki
Zanaki language
Shixing
Yoncalla (also Southern Kalapuya or Yonkalla) is a Kalapuyan language once spoken in southwest Oregon in the United States. In the 19th century it was spoken by the Yoncalla band of the Kalapuya people in the Umpqua River valley. It is closely related to Central Kalapuya and Northern Kalapuya, spoken in the Willamette Valley to the north.
Kalapuya du Sud
Yoncalla language
Kalapuya, Southern
Southern Kalapuya
Selonian was a language appertaining to the Baltic languages group of the Indo-European languages family. It was spoken by the Eastern Baltic tribe of the Selonians, who until the 15th century lived in Selonia, a territory in South Eastern Latvia and North Eastern Lithuania.
Lingua selonica
Selian
Selonische Sprache
Sélonien
Selonian language
Samre, or Central Chong, is a Pearic language of Cambodia. The dialects are as follows:
Samre
Samre language
Sangirese, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, Sangih, and (in the Philippines) Sangil, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao, Philippines.
Sangir
Sangir language
Sorothaptic (, , from Greek σορός sorós funerary urn and θαπτός thaptós buried) is a name coined by Catalan scholar Joan Coromines for the hypothetical language of the presumably Indo-European, but pre-Celtic, Bronze Age people of the Urnfield culture in the Iberian Peninsula (Price 2000:449).
Idioma sorotáptico
Sorothaptic
Sorothaptic language
Saaroa (autonym: ɬaʔalua) is a Southern Tsouic language is spoken by the Saaroa, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family.
Saaroa
Saaroa language
Sasaru
Upper Saxon ( or colloquially ) is a Central German dialect spoken in much of the modern German states of Saxony and Thuringia. Contrary to its name it is not a descendant of Old Saxon. The degree of accent varies from place to place within the states, with it being anywhere from a relatively mild accent in the larger cities such as Dresden or Chemnitz, to a stronger form in rural areas. Erzgebirgisch, a distinct dialect, is spoken in the villages of the Ore Mountains. Upper Saxon German includes nordwestböhmisch.
Alto sassone
Upper Saxon
Saxon, Upper
Upper Saxon German
Saxwɛ, also spelled Tsáphɛ, is a minor Gbe language of Benin and Togo.
Saxwe Gbe
Gbe, Saxwe
Saxwe language
Siang
Zauzou
Central Subanen
Subanen, Central
Syriac ( ) is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent. Having first appeared as a script in the 1st century AD after being spoken as an unwritten language for five centuries, Classical Syriac became a major literary language throughout the Middle East from the 4th to the 8th centuries, the classical language of Edessa, preserved in a large body of Syriac literature.
Altsyrisch
Idioma siríaco
Lingua siriaca
Língua siríaca
Syriac language
Syriaque
Classical Syriac
Syriac, Classical
Syrische Sprache
siriaco classico
siríaco clásico
siríaco clássico
syriaque classique
Seki, also Baseke, Sheke or Sekiana, is a language indigenous to Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It had been spoken in villages of Rio Campo and Northern Bata, along the coast, but its native speakers have begun abandoning the language for Spanish, Fang, and Kombe.
Seki
Seki language
Sukur (Adikimmu Sukur, Gemasakun, Sakul, Sugur) is a Biu–Mandara language of Nigeria.
Sukur
Sukur language
Sylheti (Sylheti: ছিলটী Silôṭi; Bengali: সিলেটী Sileṭī) is the language of Sylhet, which is also known as the Surma Valley and is located in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh, and also spoken in parts of the Northeast Indian states of Assam (the Barak Valley) and Tripura (the North Tripura district). It is also spoken by a significant population in the other north-eastern states of India and amongst the large expatriate communities in the United Kingdom, United States, and countries of the Gulf States.
Idioma sylheti
Sylheti
Sylheti language
Maya Samo
Samo, Maya
Senaya
Miahuatlán Zapotec
Zapotec, Miahuatlán
Suoy
Syriac
Syrisch
siriaco
siríaco
syriaque
Shemya is the language of the Sinyar people. It is a Central Sudanic language spoken in Chad and formerly in Darfur, Sudan. It is variously spelled Shamya, Shamyan, Shemya, Sinya, and known as Symiarta, Taar Shamyan, Zimirra.
Sinyar
Sinyar language
Kagate
The Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) is a sign language used by about 150 deaf and many hearing members of the al-Sayyid Bedouin tribe in the Negev desert of southern Israel. As both deaf and hearing people share a language, Deaf people are not stigmatised in this community, and marriage between Deaf and hearing people is common.
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language
The Semelai language is a language spoken by the Semalai people, one of nineteen groups called Orang Asli or "original people" by the Malaysian government. The Semelai reside in the region between Segamat (Johore) and the Pahang River. The Semelai are classified as so-called "Proto-Malays", one of three categories into which the Orang Asli are officially divided. Actually the Semelai language is an Austro-Asiatic language, while the other groups classified as "Proto-Malay" speak Austronesian languages.
Semelai
Semelai language
Ngalum
Semaq Beri (Semoq Beri, Semaq Bri) is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Semaq Beri
Semaq Beri language
Ozolotepec Zapotec
Zapotec, Ozolotepec
Seru
Seze (or Sezo) is an Afro-Asiatic Omotic language, spoken in the western part of Ethiopia, near the town of Begi and just north of the Hozo-speaking community.
Seze
Seze language
Sengele is a Bantu language of DR Congo.
Sengele
Sengele language
Silesian or Upper Silesian (Silesian: Ślůnsko godka, , ) is considered either a dialect of the Polish language (apart from the Lach dialects, which are usually regarded as a branch of the Czech language ), or a separate Slavic language
Idioma silesiano
Lingua slesiana
Língua silesiana
Silesian
Silesian language
Sula
Suabo (Suabau), also known as Inanwatan, is a Papuan language of West Papua. It also goes by the names Iagu and Mirabo.
Suabo
Suabo language
Isu (Fako Division)
The Sawai language (also Weda) is a South Halmahera language of Austronesian stock spoken in Weda and Gane Timor districts of southern Halmahera, northern Maluku Providence, Indonesia. There are approximately 12,000 speakers.
Sawai
Sawai language
The Zapotec language(s) are a group of closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages spoken by the Zapotec people from the southwestern-central highlands of Mexico. Present-day native speakers are estimated to number over half a million, with the majority inhabiting the state of Oaxaca. Zapotec-speaking communities are also found in the neighboring states of Puebla and Guerrero. Emigration has also brought a number of native Zapotec-speakers to the United States, particularly in California. In most Zapotec-speaking communities, Spanish is also spoken.
Zapotec
Zapotekisch
zapotec
zapoteca
zapoteco
zapotèque
Idioma zapoteco
Langues zapotèques
Lingue zapoteche
Línguas zapotecas
Zapotec languages
Lower Tanana (also Tanana and/or Middle Tanana) is an endangered Athabaskan language spoken in Interior Alaska in the lower Tanana River villages of Minto and Nenana. Of about 380 Tanana people in the two villages, about 30 still speak the language. The Athabascan bands that formerly extended between the Salcha and the Goodpaster Rivers spoke a distinct dialect that can be termed the Middle Tanana language.
Lower Tanana
Lower Tanana language
Tanana, Lower
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of six in the Dagestan Republic.
Lingua tabasarana
Língua tabassarã
Tabassaran
Tabassaranische Sprache
Tabasaran language
Lowland Tarahumara
Tarahumara, Lowland
The Tause language, also known as Doa or Darha, is a poorly known Papuan language of Indonesia spoken by some 350 people. The Tause only made contact with the outside world in 1982. Their language has been widely reported to be related to the neighboring Lakes Plain languages; however, this conclusion is based on little evidence. Recently Malcolm Ross placed Tause in his East Bird's Head – Sentani family, along with another language isolate and two small families, but this was motivated more by an attempt to spark further research than an actual claim of relationship.
Tause
Tause language
Tariana (also Tariano) is an endangered Maipurean language spoken along the Vaupés River in Amazonas, Brazil by approximately 100 people. Another approximately 1500 people in the upper and middle Vaupés River area identify themselves as ethnic Tariana but no longer speak the language.
Tariana
Tariana language
Tapirapé is a Tupi–Guarani language of Brazil.
Tapirapé
Tapirapé language
The Tagoi language is a Kordofanian language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in southern Kordofan in Sudan, about 12 N, 31 E. Unlike Tegali, it has a complex noun class system, which appears to have been borrowed from more typical Niger–Congo languages. It has several dialects, including Umali (Tumale), Goy (Tagoi proper), Moreb, and Orig (, Turjuk)
Lingua tagoi
Tagoi
Tagoi language
Tahitian (Reo Tahiti in Tahitian) is an indigenous language spoken mainly in the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is an Eastern Polynesian language closely related to the other indigenous languages spoken in French Polynesia: Marquesan, Tuamotuan, Mangarevan, and Austral Islands languages. It is also related to the Rarotongan, New Zealand Māori, and Hawaiian languages.
Tahitian
Tahitien
Tahitisch
tahitiano
taitiano
Idioma tahitiano
Lingua tahitiana
Língua taitiana
Tahitian language
Tahitianische Sprache
tahitien
Eastern Tamang
Tamang, Eastern
Tala is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria.
Tala
Tala language
Tal is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Tal
Tal language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and the first Indian language to be declared as a classical language by the government of India in 2004. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in Malaysia and Mauritius as well as emigrant communities around the world. It has been described as "the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past" and having "one of the richest literatures in the world". Tamil literature has existed for over 2000 years. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and hero stones date from around the 3rd century BCE.
Tamil
tamil
tamoul
tâmil
Idioma tamil
Lingua tamil
Língua tâmil
Tamil language
Tamilisch
Tamoul
The Tangale language is a West Chadic language spoken in Nigeria.
Tangale
Tangale language
Yami (雅美), also known as Tao , is a variety of the Ivatan dialect cluster spoken by the Tao people of Taiwan. It is spoken on Orchid Island, 46 kilometers southeast of the main island of Taiwan. Yami is known as ciriciring no Tao, or "human speech," by its native speakers (Rau 2006:79). Yami is the only language of Taiwanese aborigines that does not fit in with the other Formosan languages but instead shares linguistic similarities with the Ivatan language spoken in the Batanes of northern Philippines.
Lengua yami
Yami
Yami language
Taabwa (Ichitaabwa), or Rungu (Malungu), is a Bantu language of Congo and Zambia spoken by half a million or so people.
Taabwa
Taabwa language
Tamasheq
The Tarahumara language (native name Rarámuri/Ralámuli ra'ícha, "people language") is a Mexican indigenous language of the Uto-Aztecan language family spoken by around 70,000 Tarahumara (Rarámuri/Ralámuli) people in the state of Chihuahua, according to an estimate by the government of Mexico.
Central Tarahumara
Idioma tarahumara
Tarahumara central
Tarahumara-Sprache
Tarahumara language
Tarahumara, Central
Tây Bồi, is a term used for a type of verbal communication which consists of French words mixed with Vietnamese words spoken by non French-educated Vietnamese, usually those who worked as servants in French households or milieux. Literally, it means "French (Tây) [of- or spoken by] male servants (Bồi)". During the French colonization period, French people had male household servants, due probably to the fact that no Vietnamese would ever think of letting their daughters/sisters/wives work for foreigners. The term is used by Vietnamese themselves to indicate that the French language spoken is very poor, incorrect, and ungrammatical.
Tay Boi
Tây Bồi
The Tatar language (татар теле, татарча, tatar tele, tatarça), or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria. It should not be confused with the Crimean Tatar language, to which it is remotely related.
Tatar
Tatarisch
tatar
tatarico
tártaro
Idioma tártaro
Lingua tatara
Língua tártara
Tatar language
Tatarische Sprache
Upper Tanana (also known as Tabesna) is an endangered Athabaskan language spoken in eastern Interior Alaska, mainly in the villages of Northway, Tetlin, and Tok, and adjacent areas of Canada's Yukon Territory. In 2000 there were fewer than 100 speakers, and the language was no longer being actively acquired by children.
Haut tanana
Idioma nabesna
Upper Tanana
Tanana, Upper
Upper Tanana language
Tatuyo
Tai
Tamki (also known as Temki) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Tamki
Tamki language
The Atayal language is spoken by the Atayal people of Taiwan. Squliq and C’uli’ (or Ts’ole’, which includes the well-documented Mayrinax) are two major dialects. The Mayrinax and Paʔkualiʔ dialects of Atayal are unique for having separate male and female registers that have differing vocabulary.
Atayal
Lingua Atayal
Língua atayal
Atayal language
Tocho (Tacho) is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Tocho
Totscho
Tocho language
Aloápam Zapotec
Zapotec, Aloápam
Aikanã (sometimes called Tubarão, Corumbiara-Kolumbiara, or Huari-Uari-Wari) is an endangered language isolate Brazil. It is morphologically complex and has SOV word order. Aikanã uses the Latin script. The people live with speakers of Koaia (Kwaza).
Aikanã
Idioma aikaná
Aikanã language
Tapeba (Tabeba) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population is about 2,500.
Tapeba
Tapeba language
Takia
Kaki Ae is a language with about 500 speakers, half the ethnic population, near Kerema, in Papua New Guinea. It is related to the Eleman languages and is classified by Ross as a divergent member of that family.
Kaki Ae
Kaki Ae language
Tanimbili
Mandara (also known as Tabar) is an Austronesian language spoken on the Tabar Group of islands, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Three dialects have been identified, Simberi, Tatau and Tabar, corresponding to the three main islands in the group.
Mandara
Mandara language
North Tairora
Tairora, North
Tharawal (many other spellings: Thurawal, Thaua, Dhawa, Thauaira, Thawa) is an Australian Aboriginal language.
Thurawal
Tharawal language
Rincón Zapotec
Zapotec, Rincón
The Gaam language, also known as Ingessana, (Me/Mun)Tabi, Kamanidi, or Mamedja/Mamidza, is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Ingessana people in the Tabi Hills in eastern Sudan, near Ethiopia. It was considered an isolate within Eastern Sudanic until the other Eastern Jebel languages were discovered in the late 20th century. Dialects are Soda (Tao), Kukur (Gor), Kulang (Kulelek, Bau), Buwahg (Buek).
Gaam
Ingessana language
The Tiang language also known as Djaul is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Tiang
Tiang language
Calamian Tagbanwa
Tagbanwa, Calamian
Tboli
Tagbo (Tagbu, Tagba) is a Ubangian language of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tagbu
Tagbo language
Barro Negro Tunebo
Tunebo, Barro Negro
Tawala is one of the 48 languages spoken in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The language is spoken by approximately 10,000 people who live in hamlets and small villages on the East Cape peninsula, on the shores of Milne Bay and on areas of the islands of Sideia and Basilaki. There are approximately 40 main centres of population each speaking the same dialect, although through the process of colonisation some centres have gained more prominence than others.
Tawala
Tawala language
Zumaya is a moribund Chadic language spoken in Cameroon.
Zumaya
Zumaya language
Taworta
Diebroud
Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec
Zapotec, Santo Domingo Albarradas
Tumtum is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. Dialects are Karondi (Kurondi, Korindi), Talassa, and Tumtum proper.
Tumtum
Tumtum language
Tanguat
Tembo is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tembo
Tembo (Kitembo)
Tembo (Kitembo) language
Tubar or Tubare, is an extinct language of Mexico that belonged to the Uto-Aztecan language family.
Idioma tubar
Tubar
Tubar language
Tobo
Tagbanwa
Kapin
Tabaru is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia.
Tabaru
Tabaru language
Tabaa Zapotec
Zapotec, Tabaa
The Tammari language, Ditammari, is a Gur language of Benin and Togo.
Ditammari
Tammari language
Tïcuna, or Tïkuna, is a language spoken by approximately 40,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. It is the native language of the Tïcuna people. Tïcuna is generally classified as a language isolate, but may be related to the extinct Yuri language. (See Tïcuna-Yuri.) It is a tonal language, and therefore the meaning of words with the same phonemes can vary greatly simply by changing the tone used to pronounce them.
Idioma ticuna
Língua ticuna
Ticuna
Ticuna language
Tanacross (also Transitional Tanana) is an endangered Athabaskan language spoken by fewer than 60 persons in eastern Interior Alaska.
Idioma tanacross
Tanacross
Tanacross language
The Datooga language is a Nilotic language, or actually a dialect cluster, of the Southern group. It is spoken by the Datooga people of the Great Rift Valley of Tanzania.
Datooga
Datooga language
Tafi
Southern Tutchone
Tutchone, Southern
Malinaltepec Me'phaa
Malinaltepec Tlapanec
Me'phaa, Malinaltepec
Tlapanec, Malinaltepec
Tamagario
Zangskari
Turks and Caicos Islands Creole is an English-based creole spoken in the Turks and Caicos Islands, a British Overseas Territory in the West Indies southeast of the Bahamas.
Turks And Caicos Creole English
Creole English, Turks And Caicos
Turks and Caicos Islands Creole
Wára
Tchitchege
Taman
Taman (Myanmar)
:Not to be confused with Tabla language, which is also called Tanah Merah. Tanah Merah is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). It is spoken on the Bomberai Peninsula by perhaps a thousand people.
Tanahmerah
Tanah Merah language
Tichurong
Taungyo
Yatzachi Zapotec is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in northern central Oaxaca, Mexico. It had about 2,500 speakers at the time of the 1990 Mexican census. The Yatzachi dialect belongs to the Villa Alta group of Zapotec dialects, of which the main dialect is San Bartolomé Zoogocho. The degree of mutual intelligibility between Yatzachi and the San Bartolomé Zoogocho dialect is estimated to be around 90 percent.
Yatzachi Zapotec
Zapotec, Yatzachi
Tawr Chin
Chin, Tawr
Kaiy
Torres Strait Creole (also Torres Strait Pidgin, Yumplatok, Torres Strait Brokan/Broken, Cape York Creole, Lockhart Creole, Papuan Pidgin English, Broken English, Brokan/Broken, Blaikman, Big Thap) is an English-based creole language spoken on several Torres Strait Islands (Queensland, Australia), Northern Cape York and South-Western Coastal Papua. It has approximately mother-tongue and bi/tri-lingual speakers, as well as several second/third-language speakers. It is widely used as a language of trade and commerce. It has five main dialects: Papuan, Western-Central, TI, Eastern, and Cape York. Its main characteristics show that it is a Pacific Pidgin, however the future in X [i] go VERB aligns it with Atlantic Creoles. Related languages are Pijin of the Solomon Islands, Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea, and Bislama of Vanuatu. The other Creoles of Australia (Roper River Kriol etc.) are more distantly related, being descendants of the Pidgin English that developed in and around Sydney after the colonisation of Australia.
Torres Creole
Torres Strait Creole
Creole, Torres Strait
The Then language (; also spelled T'en and Ten) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Pingtang County, southern Guizhou.
T'en
Then language
Southeastern Tarahumara
Tarahumara, Southeastern
Tecpatlán Totonac
Totonac, Tecpatlán
Toda is a Dravidian language well known for its many fricatives and trills. It is spoken by the Toda people, a population of about one thousand who live in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India.
Idioma toda
Lingua toda
Toda
Toda language
Tulu (; Tulu: , തുളു ബാസെ or , [?]) is a language spoken by 1.95 million native speakers (1997) mainly in the southwest part of Indian state of Karnataka and a small part of northern Kerala, which is known as Tulu Nadu. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. In India, 1.72 million people speak it as their native language (2001), increased by 10 percent over the 1991 census. According to one estimate reported in 2009, Tulu is currently spoken by three to five million native speakers in the world. The native speakers of Tulu are referred to as Tuluva or Tulu people.
Tulu
Thado (Thadou, Thaadou, Thado-Ubiphei, Thado-Pao) is a Kukish language of India and Burma.
Thado Chin
Chin, Thado
Thado language
Tihishit is a mixed Northern Songhay language of central Niger. Ethnologue considers Tagdal a "mixed Berber–Songhay language", and Tabarog spoken by the Iberogan people of the Azawagh valley on the Niger–Mali border.
Tagdal
Tihishit
Tihishit language
Panchpargania
Mitla Zapotec
Zapotec, Mitla
Emberá-Tadó
Tai Nüa (also called Tai Nɯa, Dehong Dai, or Chinese Shan; own name: [tai2 lə6], which means "upper Tai" or "northern Tai", or ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ ; Chinese: Dǎinǎyǔ 傣哪语 or Déhóng Dǎiyǔ 德宏傣语; Thai: ภาษาไทยเหนือ or ภาษาไทใต้คง ) is one of the languages spoken by the Dai people in China, especially in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Yunnan province. It is closely related to the other Tai languages. Speakers of this language across the border in Myanmar are known as Shan. It should not be confused with Tai Lü (Xishuangbanna Dai). There are also Tai Nüa speakers in Thailand.
Idioma Tai Nüa
Tai Nüa
Tai Nüa language
Duleri Dogon or Duleri Dom, also known as Tiranige dige, is a Dogon language spoken in Mali.
Duleri Dogon
Dogon, Tiranige Diga
Tiranige Diga Dogon
Talieng
Western Tamang
Tamang, Western
Thulung is a Kiranti language spoken in parts of Nepal and Sikkim. It is also known as Thulunge Rai, Thulu Luwa, Thululoa, Thulung La, Tholong Lo, Thulung Jemu, Toaku Lwa. Total population: 33,313.
Thulung
Thulung language
Tomadino
Tajio
Xadani Zapotec
Zapotec, Xadani
Tambas (also known as Tambes, Tembis) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Tambas
Tambas language
Sur, or Tapshin, is a minor Plateau language of Nigeria.
Sur
Sur language
Tondano
Teme
Tita
Todrah
Doutai
Tetun Dili
Zayse-Zergulla is the combined title for the two closely related dialects of Zayse (also Zaysete, Zaisse, Zaysite, Zaysse) and Zergulla (or Zergula). The division may be more along ethnic or geographic lines than linguistic. It is an Afro-Asiatic Omotic language, and is spoken in the southwestern part of Ethiopia, to the immediate west of Lake Chamo. It is similar to the Gidicho dialect of the Koorete language.
Zayse
Zaysete
Zayse-Zergulla
Zayse-Zergulla language
Tempasuk Dusun
Dusun, Tempasuk
Toro Turkwam is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It has lost the nominal affix system characteristic of the Niger–Congo family.
Toro
Toro language
Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy
Malagasy, Tandroy-Mahafaly
The Tadyawan language is a language spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines.
Tadyawan
Tadyawan language
Temiar is an Aslian (Mon–Khmer) language spoken in Western Malaysia by the Temiar people. The Temiar are one of the larger Aslian peoples, but it is not known how many of them still speak their language.
Temiar
Temiar language
Teteté is an extinct Tucanoan language that was spoken in Ecuador close to the Ecuador-Colombia border. It was also formerly spoken in Colombia, but is now extinct there. It was spoken by the indigenous Tetete people, who did not survive the twentieth century.
Tetete
Teteté language
Terik (Nyang’ori) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya.
Terik
Terik language
Tepo Krumen
Krumen, Tepo
Huehuetla Tepehua
Tepehua, Huehuetla
Teressa, or Taih-Long, is one of the Nicobarese languages spoken on the Nicobar Islands. Bompoka dialect (Pauhut) is distinct.
Teressa
Teressa language
North Teke, or Tɛgɛ (Tege, Teghe, Itege), is a member of the Teke languages dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau.
Teke-Tege
North Teke language
Tehuelche (Aoniken, Inaquen, Gunua-Kena, Gununa-Kena) is a nearly extinct Chon language spoken by four people in Patagonia out of an ethnic group of 200. They were originally nomadic hunters from Chile. It is also known as Aonikenk or Aoneko ajen. The decline of the language started with the Araucanization of Patagonia, when many Tehuelche tribes adopted Mapudungun as main language. Later during the 19th and 20th century Spanish replaced both as Argentina and Chile took possession of Patagonia.
Idioma tehuelche
Tehuelche
Tehuelche language
Torricelli
Zari (Zariwa) is a Chadic language of Nigeria.
Zari
Zari language
East Teke is a member of the Teke dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau. The dialects Mosieno and Ŋee (Esingee) may constitute a separate language from Tio (Teo, Tyo) Bali (Ibali) (Teke proper).
Ibali Teke
East Teke language
Teke, Ibali
Telugu ( , ) is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu, and is spoken in the bordering city of Yanam, in the neighboring territory of Pondicherry. According to the 2001 Census of India, Telugu is the language with the second largest number of native speakers in India (74 million) , and most spoken Dravidian language. It is one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India and one of the four classical languages.
Telugu
Télougou
telugu
Idioma telugú
Lingua telugu
Língua telugu
Telugu language
télougou
Temne (also known as Themne or Timne, ) is a language of the Mel branch of Niger–Congo, spoken in Sierra Leone by about 2 million first speakers. One of the country's most widely spoken languages, it is spoken by 30% of the country’s population. It also serves as a lingua franca for an additional 1,500,000 people living in areas near the Temne people. It is closely related to the neighboring Kissi language.
Temne
Timne
temne
timne
Idioma temné
Língua temne
Temne language
Temnische Sprache
Tama is an extinct indigenous Tucanoan language of Colombia. It was spoken in the regions of Vicente, Orteguaza River and Caquetá Region.
Lingua tama
Tama
Tama (Colombia)
Tama language
Ateso (from Teso) is a Nilo-Saharan language, spoken by the Iteso people of Uganda and Kenya. It is one of the Teso–Turkana cluster of languages.
Teso
teso
Língua ateso
teso language
The Tepecano language is an extinct indigenous language of Mexico belonging to the Uto-Aztecan language-family. It was formerly spoken by a small group of people in Azqueltán (earlier Atzqueltlán), Jalisco, a small village on the Río Bolaños in the far northern part of the state, just east of the territory of the Huichol people. Most closely related to Southern Tepehuán of the state of Durango, Tepecano was a Mesoamerican language and evinced many of the traits that define the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. So far as is known, the last speaker of Tepecano was Lino de la Rosa (born September 22, 1895), who was still living as of February 1980.
Idioma tepecano
Tepecano
Tepecano language
Temein, also known as Ron(g)e, is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Temein people of the Nuba Hills in Sudan.
Temein
Temein language
Terêna or Etelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar. Many Terênan people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.
Tereno
Tereno-Sprache
tereno
Idioma terêna
Língua terena
Terêna language
Tengger
Tetum (also Tetun) is an Austronesian language, a national language and one of the two official languages of East Timor. It is also used in parts of West Timor that adjoin East Timor, particularly in Belu Regency. Some of its dialects have been greatly influenced by Portuguese, the other official language of the country, especially in their vocabulary, but also in aspects of their grammar.
Tetum
tetum
tetún
tétum
Idioma tetun
Lingua tetum
Língua tétum
Tetum language
Tetum-Sprache
Tétoum
Soo is the Kuliak language of the Tepes people of northeastern Uganda. It is also spelled So and Tepeth. The language is moribund, with most of the population of 22,000 having shifted to Karamojong, and only older people still speaking Soo.
Soo
Tepes language
Central Berawan
Berawan, Central
Teor
Tewa is a Kiowa–Tanoan language spoken by Pueblo people, mostly in the Rio Grande valley in New Mexico north of Santa Fe. The 1980 census counted 1,298 speakers, almost all of whom are bilingual in English. Each pueblo or reservation where it is spoken has a dialect:
Língua tewa
Tewa
Tewa (USA)
Tewa language
Tennet (also Tenet (early language survey), and Irenge (to the Lopit people) ) is a Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Surmic language spoken by the Tennet people. The Tennet home area is a group of five villages at the northern end of the Lopit mountains, 65 kilometers northeast of Torit.
Tennet
Tennet language
Tulishi (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. Dialects are Tulishi proper and Kamdang.
Tulishi
Tulishi language
Tɔfin (Toffi) is a Gbe language of Benin.
Tofin Gbe
Gbe, Tofin
Tofin language
Dena’ina (sometimes spelled Tanaina, ) is the Athabaskan language of the region surrounding Cook Inlet. It is geographically unique in Alaska as the only Alaska Athabaskan language to include territory which borders salt water. Four dialects are usually distinguished:
Língua dena’ina
Tanaina
Dena'ina language
Tefaro
Teribe is a language spoken by the Naso or Teribe Indians; it is used primarily in the Bocas del Toro Province of northwestern Panama and in the southern part of Costa Rica's Puntarenas Province, but is almost extinct in the latter. It is part of the Chibchan language family, in the Talamanca branch. There are currently about 3,000 speakers, nearly all of whom speak Spanish as well. The language is of the OVS type. Its ISO 639-3 code is tfr.
Teribe
Teribe language
East Berawan
Berawan, East
Ternate of eastern Indonesia is a language centered on the island of Ternate but also spoken in neighboring areas such as Kayoa, Bacan, Halmahera and other areas in North Maluku. It is used by Sultanate of Ternate, famous for its role in spice trade.
Ternate
Ternate language
Sagalla
Tobilung
Tigak (or Omo) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 6,000 people in the Kavieng District of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.
Tigak
Tigak language
Ciwogai is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Ciwogai
Ciwogai language
Eastern Gorkha Tamang
Tamang, Eastern Gorkha
The Chali language (Dzongkha: ཚ་ལི་ཁ་; Wylie: Tsha-li-kha; also called "Chalikha," "Chalipkha," "Tshali," and "Tshalingpa") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 8,200 people in Wangmakhar, Gorsum and Tormazhong villages in Mongar District in eastern Bhutan, mainly around Chhali Gewog on east bank of Kuri Chhu River. Chalikha is related to Bumthangkha and Kurtöpkha.
Chalikha
Chali language
Tangga
Blissymbols or Blissymbolics was conceived as an ideographic writing system called Semantography consisting of several hundred basic symbols, each representing a concept, which can be composed together to generate new symbols that represent new concepts. Blissymbols differ from most of the world's major writing systems in that the characters do not correspond at all to the sounds of any spoken language.
Bliss-Symbol
Bliss
blissymbol
símbolos Bliss
símbolos blis
Bliss-Symbole
Blissymbolics
Blissymbols
Semantografia
symboles Bliss
Tobagonian is a creole language and the generally spoken language in Tobago. It is distinct from Trinidadian Creole and closer to other Lesser Antillean English-based creoles.
Tobagonian Creole
Creole English, Tobagonian
Tobagonian Creole English
Lawunuia
Tagin
Tajik, Tajik Persian, or Tajiki, (sometimes written Tadjik or Tadzhik; , , ) is a variety of modern Persian spoken in Central Asia. Historically Tajiks called their language zabani farsī , meaning Persian language in English; the term zabani tajikī, or Tajik language, was introduced in the 20th century by the Soviets. Most speakers of Tajik live in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Tajik is the official language of Tajikistan.
Tadschikisch
Tajik
tadjik
tagicco
tajique
tayiko
Idioma tayiko
Lingua tagica
Língua tadjique
Tadjik
Tadschikische Sprache
Tajik language
tadjique
Tagalog (pronounced in English) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV (CALABARZON and MIMAROPA) and of Metro Manila. Its standardized form, commonly called Filipino, is the national language and one of two official languages of the Philippines. It is related to—though not readily intelligible with—other Austronesian languages such as Malay, Javanese, and Hawaiian.
Tagalog
tagalo
tagalog
Idioma tagalo
Lingua tagalog
Língua tagalo
Tagalog language
tagalogue
Tandaganon
Sudest
Tangoa is an Oceanic language spoken on Tangoa Island, south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.
Tangoa
Tangoa language
Tring
Tareng
Nume
Central Tagbanwa
Tagbanwa, Central
Tanggu (Tangu, Tanggum) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.
Tanggu
Tanggu language
Tingui-Boto, or Tingui, also known as Carapató ~ Karapató, is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population is about 350.
Idioma tingui-boto
Tingui-Boto
Tingui-Boto language
Tagwana (Tagbana) is a southern Senufo of Ivory Coast. It is closely related to Djimini.
Tagouana
Tagwana
Tagwana Senoufo
Senoufo, Tagwana
Tagwana language
Tagish is an endangered Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Tagish people in the Yukon Territory in Canada. It is almost extinct as there are only two fluent speakers left.
Idioma tagish
Tagish
Tagish language
Togoyo (Togoy) is an extinct Ubangian language of South Sudan.
Togoyo
Togoyo language
Takalak (Tagalaka) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland.
Tagalaka
Takalaka language
Thai ( Phasa Thai ), or more precisely Central Thai or Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the native language of the Thai people, Thailand's dominant ethnic group. Thai is a member of the Tai group of the Tai–Kadai language family. Some words in Thai are borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit and Old Khmer. It is a tonal and analytic language. Thai also has a complex orthography and relational markers. Thai is mutually intelligible with Lao.
Thai
Thailändisch
Thaï
tailandés
tailandês
thai
Idioma tailandés
Lingua thailandese
Língua tailandesa
Thai language
Thailändische Sprache
thaï
Tai Hang Tong
Kuuk Thaayorre is a Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia by the Thaayorre people. As of 2006, 250 of the 350 ethnic Thaayorre speak the language. It is in a robust position compared to many indigenous Australian languages, as it is still being acquired by children and used in daily interaction. When asked to arrange a sequence of pictures in temporal order, speakers consistently arrange them so that time runs east to west, regardless of their own bodily orientation.
Thayore
Kuuk Thaayorre language
Chitwania Tharu
Tharu, Chitwania
Thangmi is a small Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal.
Thangmi
Thangmi language
Northern Tarahumara
Tarahumara, Northern
The Zay language is one of the Ethiopic languages. It is spoken by about 4,880 members of the Zay people on the islands and shores of Lake Zway in southern Ethiopia. It is also known as Zway, or Lak'i/Laqi in the neighboring Oromo language.
Zay
Zay language
Tai Long
Batui
Tharaka
Kitharaka
Dangaura Tharu
Tharu, Dangaura
Thavưng, or Aheu, is a language spoken by the Phon Sung people in Laos and Thailand. There are thought to be some 1,770 speakers in Laos, largely concentrated in Khamkeut District. A further 750 speakers live in Thailand.
Aheu
Thavung language
Thachanadan
The Thompson language, properly known as Nlakapamuctsin or the Nlakapamux language, is an Interior Salishan language spoken in the Fraser Canyon, Thompson Canyon, Nicola Country of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and also (historically) in the North Cascades region of Whatcom and Chelan counties of the state of Washington in the United States.
Thompson
Thompson language
Kochila Tharu
Tharu, Kochila
Rana Tharu
Tharu, Rana
West Berawan
Berawan, West
Thakali
Tahltan is a poorly documented Northern Athabaskan language historically spoken by the Tahltan people (also "Nahanni") who live in northern British Columbia around Telegraph Creek, Dease Lake, and Iskut. Some linguists consider Tahltan to be a language with 3 divergent but mutually intelligible dialects (Mithun 1999). The numbers below are according to Poser (2003):
Tahltan
Tahltan language
Thuri is a Luo language of South Sudan. The number of speakers is unknown; 6,600 were reported in 1956 (Tucker and Bryan).
Thuri
Thuri language
Tamahaq is the only known Northern Tuareg language, spoken in Algeria, western Libya, and northern Niger. It varies little from the southern languages of Ayr, Azawagh or Adagh, with the differences mostly being substitution of sounds, for instance Tamahaq instead of Tamajaq or Tamasheq.
Idioma tamahaq
Tamahaq language
Tahaggart Tamahaq
Tamahaq, Tahaggart
Thudam
The
Tha
Tayart is a dialect of the Tuareg language Tamasheq spoken in the Agadez Region of Niger.
Tayart Tamajeq
Tamajeq, Tayart
Tayart Tamajeq language
Coatecas Altas Zapotec
Zapotec, Coatecas Altas
Tidikelt Tamazight
Tamazight, Tidikelt
Tiro, also Thiro or Tira, is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.
Tira
Tiro language
Tidong
Tifal is an Ok language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
Tifal
Tifal language
For other uses please see Tigre (disambiguation) Tigre (Geez ትግረ tigre or ትግሬ tigrē; sometimes written as Tigré, also known as Xasa in Sudan; Arabic الخاصية ) is a Semitic language, which, along with Tigrinya, is believed to be one of direct descendants of the extinct Geez language. (Ge'ez is still in use as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.) As of 1997, Tigré was spoken by approximately 800,000 people in Eritrea. The Tigre people are nearly all found in western Eritrea, with the remainder inhabiting the adjacent part of Sudan. In Eritrea, they inhabit the central and northern plateau and the Red Sea shores north of Zula. Traditionally, the local language of the Dahlak Archipelago, Dahlik, has been considered a dialect of Tigré, but recently one researcher has reassessed this view.
Tigre
tigre
tigré
Idioma tigré
Lingua tigré
Língua tigré
Tigre language
Timugon Murut
Murut, Timugon
Tiene (Tiini), or Tende, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Tiene
Tiene language
Tilung
Central Hongshuihe Zhuang
Zhuang, Central Hongshuihe
Tikar is a Bantoid language of uncertain classification spoken in Cameroon by the Bankim, Ngambe, and related Tikar peoples, as well as by the Bedzan Pygmies. Blench (2011) states that the little evidence available suggests that it is most closely related to the Mambiloid and Dakoid languages.
Tikar
Tikar language
Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker is believed to have died in the 1970s; between 1965 and 1972, in an effort to prevent the language being destroyed, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook and created a 120-page dictionary.
Tillamook
Tillamook language
Timbe is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Women and older men are monolingual.
Timbe
Timbe language
Tindi is an Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Russian republic of Dagestan. Tindis call their language Idarab mitstsi meaning the language of the Idar village. It is only an oral language; Avar or Russian are used in written communication instead. It has approximately 5000 speakers.
Língua tindi
Tindi
Tindi language
Teop
Trimuris
Tyefo, also spelled Tiéfo, Kiefo, Tyeforo, is a language of Burkina Faso, formerly linked with the Gur languages, that is currently of uncertain affiliation. One of the two recorded dialects is extinct.
Tiéfo
Tyefo language
Tigrinya (, tigriñā), also spelled Tigrigna, Tigrnia, Tigrina, Tigriña, less commonly Tigrinian, Tigrinyan, is a Semitic language spoken in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia (its speakers there are called "Tigraway") by the Tigrinya people, where it has official status, and in central Eritrea, where it is one of the two main languages of Eritrea, and, and among groups of emigrants from these regions, including some of the Beta Israel now living in Israel. Tigrinya should not be confused with the related Tigre language, which is spoken in the lowland regions in Eritrea to the north and west of the region where Tigrinya is spoken.
Tigrigna
Tigrinja
Tigrinya
tigrinya
tigriña
Idioma tigriña
Lingua tigrina
Língua tigrínia
Tigrinya language
tigrigna
tigrínia
Ngazidja Comorian
Comorian, Ngazidja
Masadiit Itneg
Itneg, Masadiit
Tinigua (Tiniguas) is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia. As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, both of whom were male. The remaining speakers live in Meta Department, between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers. Tinigua used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language.
Idioma tinigua
Tinigua
Tinigua language
Adasen
The Tiv language is spoken by over 2 million people in Nigeria, with a few speakers in Cameroon. Most of the Language's Nigerian speakers are found in Benue State of Nigeria. The language is also widely spoken in the Nigerian States of Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa as well as the FCT Abuja. It is part of the Southern Bantoid Tivoid family, a branch of Benue–Congo and ultimately of the Niger–Congo phylum.
Tiv
tiv
Língua tiv
Tiv language
Tiv-Sprache
Tiwi is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on the Tiwi Islands, within sight of the coast of northern Australia. It is one of about 10% of Australian languages still being learned by children.
Idioma tiví
Tiwi
Tiwi language
The Southern Tiwa language is a Kiowa–Tanoan language spoken at Sandia Pueblo and Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico and Ysleta del Sur in Texas.
Southern Tiwa
Southern Tiwa language
Tiwa, Southern
Tiruray
Tai Hongjin is a Tai language of southern China. Dialects may not be mutually intelligible.
Tai Hongjin
Tai Hongjin language
Zeelandic (Zeêuws in Zeelandic, Zeeuws in Dutch) is a regional language spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee. Commonly considered a Dutch dialect, it has notable differences mainly in pronunciation, but as well in grammar and vocabulary, which set it clearly apart from Standard Dutch and make easy comprehension by unskilled Dutch speakers difficult. Zeelandic is included within West Flemish by some observers.
Seeländisch
Zeeuws
Dialetto zelandese
Zelandés
Zeêuws
Zélandais
Zeelandic
The Tajuasohn language, also known as Tajuason, Tajuoso, and Tajuosohn, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken primarily in Sinoe County in eastern Liberia by members of five local clans.
Tajuasohn
Tajuasohn language
Tunjung, or Tunjung Dayak, is an Austronesian of Borneo.
Tunjung
Tunjung language
Northern Tujia
Tujia, Northern
Tai Laing
Timucua is a language isolate formerly spoken in northern and central Florida and southern Georgia by the Timucua people. Timucua was the primary language used in the area at the time of Spanish arrival in Florida. Linguistic and archaeological studies suggest that it may have been spoken from around 2000 BC. There were nine or ten Timucua dialects, but the differences were slight, and they served mostly to delineate tribal boundaries. There is further suggestion that the Tawasa of what is now northern Alabama may have spoken Timucua, but this is disputed.
Idioma timucua
Timucua
Timucua language
Tonjon is an extinct Mande language once spoken by blacksmiths among the Djimini Senoufo of Ivory Coast. It was closely related to Ligbi, another blacksmith language.
Tonjon
Tonjon language
Oued Righ Berber, or Temacine Tamazight, is a Zenati Berber variety spoken in some of the oases of the Oued Righ region around Touggourt in Algeria. , it was spoken in Temacine, Blidet-Amor, Meggarine and Ghomra. The only published study of it is Basset (1893). It is closely related to nearby Tumzabt and Teggargrent.
Oued Righ Berber
Tamazight, Temacine
Temacine Tamazight
Southern Tujia
Tujia, Southern
Jurruru is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Its name has also been spelt Chooraroo, Choororoo, Churoro, Djuroro, Djururo, Djurruru, Dyururu, Jururu, Thuraru, Tjororo, Tjuroro, Tjururo, and Tjururu.
Tjurruru
Jurruru language
Djabwurrung
Truká is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population is about 1,300.
Idioma truká
Truká
Truká language
Buksa
Tocodede (also known as Tukude, Tokodede, Tokodé, and Tocod) is one of the languages of East Timor, spoken by about 65,000 people in the district of Liquiçá, especially the subdistricts of Maubara and Liquiçá along the Lois River. The number has declined in recent years. It is a Malayo-Polynesian language, in the Timor group.
Língua tocodede
Tokodede
Tukudede
Tocodede language
Takwane
Tukumanféd
Tesaka Malagasy
Malagasy, Tesaka
Tokelauan is a Polynesian language closely related to Tuvaluan.
Tokelau
Tokelauanisch
tokelau
tokelauano
toquelauano
Idioma tokelauano
Lingua tokelauana
Língua toquelauana
Tokelauan language
Tokelauische Sprache
Zenag
Takelma was the language spoken by the Takelma people. It was first extensively described by Edward Sapir in his graduate thesis, The Takelma Language of Southwestern Oregon. The last fluent speaker of Takelma, with whom Sapir worked while writing about the language, was Frances Johnson (Gwísgwashãn).
Idioma takelma
Takelma
Takelma language
Toku-No-Shima
The Tikopia language is a Polynesian Outlier language from the island of Tikopia in the Solomon Islands. It is closely related to the Anuta language of the neighboring island of Anuta. Tikopian is also spoken by the Polynesian minority on Vanikoro, who long ago migrated from Tikopia.
Tikopia
Tikopianische Sprache
Tikopia language
Tẹẹ, or Tai, is the language of the Tai tribe of the Ogoni nation of Nigeria. It is to a limited degree mutually intelligible with Khana, the main Ogoni language, but its speakers consider it to be a separate language.
Tee
Tèè
Tee language
Tsakhur is a language spoken by the Tsakhurs, an ethnic group, which populates northern Azerbaijan and southwestern Dagestan (Russia). It is spoken by about 13,000 people in Azerbaijan and by about 9,770 people in Dagestan. The word Tsakhur derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.
Lingua tsakhur
Língua tsakhur
Tsachurische Sprache
Tsakhur
Tsakhur language
Tati (Persian: تاتی) is a group of northwestern Iranian dialects which are closely related to the Talysh language.
Dialectes tats
Takestani
Tati language
Kathoriya Tharu
Tharu, Kathoriya
Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang
Zhuang, Eastern Hongshuihe
Upper Necaxa Totonac is a native American language of central Mexico spoken by 3,400 people in and around four villages—Chicontla, Patla, Cacahuatlán, and San Pedro Tlaloantongo—in the Necaxa River Valley in Northern Puebla State. Although speakers represent the majority of the adult population in Patla and Cacahuatlán, there are very few monolinguals and few if any children are currently learning the language as a mother tongue, and, as a consequence, the language must be considered severely endangered.
Totonaque de Papantla
Upper Necaxa Totonac
Totonac, Upper Necaxa
Teanu (or Puma, Buma) is the main language spoken on the island of Vanikoro, in the easternmost province of the Solomon Islands.
Teanu
Teanu language
Tangko
Takua
Southwestern Tepehuan
Tepehuan, Southwestern
Tobelo (Indonesian: Bahasa Tobelo) is a West Papuan language spoken on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera and on parts of several neighboring islands. The Tobelo-speaking heartland is in the district (Indonesian kecematan) of Tobelo, located on the western shore of Kao Bay. The district capital, also known as Tobelo, serves as a regional commercial and administrative center and is the largest settlement on Halmahera.
Tobelo
Tobelo language
Misantla Totonac, also known as Yecuatla Totonac and Southeastern Totonac (Totonac: Laakanaachiwíin), is an indigenous language of Mexico which is spoken by fewer than 500 indigenous Totonacs in central Veracruz. It belongs to the Totonacan family. Misantla Totonac is highly endangered and most speakers are elderly, and the language is no longer in daily use in the communities where it was spoken earlier. The language was spoken in the area between Misantla and Xalapa in central Veracruz, but no speakers live in either of those localities, the remaining speakers instead being found only in outlying towns and rural areas along the road from Xalapa to Misantla. The only town with a viable speech community is the town of Yecuatla, where 293 speakers were counted in 1990 . Other towns with speakers of Misantla Totonac include San Marcos Atexquilapan, Landero y Coss and Chiconquiaco.
Totonaque de Misantla
Yecuatla Totonac
Misantla Totonac
Totonac, Yecuatla
Talaud
Zenaga (autonym ) is a Berber language spoken by some 200 people between Mederdra and the Atlantic coast in southwestern Mauritania. The language shares its basic structure with other Berber languages, but specific details are quite different; in fact, it is probably the most divergent surviving Berber language, with a significantly different sound system made even more distant by sound changes such as /l/ > /dj/ and /x/ > /k/, as well as a difficult-to-explain profusion of glottal stops. The name Zenaga comes from that of a much larger ancient Berber tribe (Iznagen), known to medieval Arab geographers as the Senhaja.
Zenaga
zenaga
Idioma zenaga
Lingua zenaga
Zenaga language
Telefol is a language spoken by the Telefol people in Papua New Guinea, notable for possessing a base-27 numeral system.
Telefol
Telefol language
Tofanma or Tofamna is a poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia. Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it. It may be related to Namla, a neighboring unclassified language.
Tofanma
Tofanma language
The Klingon language (  in pIqaD script, transliterated tlhIngan Hol, pronounced ) is the constructed language spoken by the fictional Klingons in the Star Trek universe.
Klingon
Klingonisch
klingon
Idioma klingon
Klingon language
Klingonische Sprache
Lingua klingon
Língua klingon
tlhIngan-Hol
The Tlingit language (; Tlingit: Lingít (Maddieson et al. 2001)) is spoken by the Tlingit people of Southeast Alaska and Western Canada. It is a branch of the Na-Dené language family. Tlingit is very endangered, with fewer than 140 native speakers still living, all of whom are bilingual or near-bilingual in English. Extensive effort is being put into revitalization programs in Southeast Alaska to revive and preserve the Tlingit language and its culture.
Tlingit
tlingit
tlinguite
Idioma tlingit
Língua tlingit
Tlingit language
Tlingit-Sprache
Talinga or Bwisi is a language spoken in the Uganda–Congo border region. It is called Talinga (Kitalinga) in DRC and Bwisi (Lubwisi, Olubwisi) in Uganda.
Talinga-Bwisi
Talinga language
Taloki
Tetela (Otetela, Kitetela, Kikitatela), also Sungu, is a Bantu language of northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo spoken by the Tetela people. It is a member of the Tetela family of Bantu languages and is closely related to Nkutu, Kusu, and Yela.
Tetela
Tetela language
Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu. It distinguishes four numbers for its personal pronouns: singular, dual, trial, plural. Its verbs have no tense or aspect marking, but two moods, realis and irrealis. Substantives and numerals also have the same two moods. E.g.
Idioma tolomako
Tolomako
Tolomako language
Talondo'
Jomang (Ajomang, Gajomang), or Talodi, is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan.
Talodi
Talodi language
Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac
Totonac, Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán
Tai Loi
Talise
Tambotalo
Teluti
Tulehu
Taliabu
The Khehek language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 1600 people on west-central Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has two dialects, Drehet and Levei, which may be considered separate languages.
Khehek
Khehek language
The Talyshi language is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Historically, the language and its people can be traced through the middle Iranian period back to the ancient Medes. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). There are a wide variety of estimates for the number of Talyshi speakers with reliable estimates running anywhere from 500,000 to 1 million. Talyshi is partially, but not fully, intelligible with respect to Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCOs Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger.
Talisch
Talysh
Talysh language
The Tama language is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in western Sudan and eastern Chad. It is a member of the Taman language group of the Western branch of Nilo-Saharan.
Tama-Sprachen
Tama (Chad)
Avava
Katbol
Tumak, also known as Toumak, Tumag, Tummok, Sara Toumak, Tumac, and Dije, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Moyen-Chari and Koumra. The two dialects, Motun (also known as Mawer, Moden, Modin, Mod, Mot, and Motin) and Tumak, have a lexical similarity of 71%. Most Motun speakers' second language is Sara, though many are not proficient.
Toumak
Tumak
Tumak language
Haruai (less commonly Harway) is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea. The language has borrowings from Kalam. Young men are likely to know Kobon and Tok Pisin, but many Haruai are monolingual. Commonly known as Waibuk, also Wiyaw, Wovan, Taman. Dialects are North Waibuk (Hamil), Central Waibuk (Mambar), South Waibuk (Arama); word taboo is practiced but does not impede communication.
Haruai
Haruai language
Tremembé Teremembé is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. It was originally spoken by the Tremembé people, who once inhabited the northern Brazilian coasts from Pará to Ceará. The Tremembé were described as a "Tapuia" tribe - that is, not part of the dominant Tupi–Guarani groups of the coasts. Nonetheless, it is likely they borowed a lot of Tupi words from interaction with their Tupi neighbors.
Tremembé
Tremembé language
Kinga
Maskoy, or Toba-Maskoy, is one of several languages of the Paraguayan Chaco called Toba. It is spoken on a reservation near Puerto Victoria.
Toba-Maskoy
Maskoy language
Portugis, or Ternateño, was a language spoken by Christians of mixed Portuguese and Malay ancestry in the islands of Ambon and Ternate in the Moluccas (Indonesia), from the 16th to the middle of the 20th century.
Ternateño
Portugis language
Tuareg (also Tamasheq , Tamajaq, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵌⴰⵆ Tamahaq) is a Berber language or family of very closely related languages and dialects spoken by the Tuareg Berbers, in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya and Burkina Faso, with a few speakers, the Kinnin, in Chad.
Tamashek
Touareg
Tuareg
tamashek
tamaxeque
Lenguas tuareg
Lingua tuareg
Línguas tuaregues
Tamaseq
Tuareg languages
tamacheq
Tutuba
Samarokena (Samarkena, Karfasia, Tamaja ~ Tamaya) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken in Indonesian Papua. Wurm (1975) linked it to the Kwerba languages, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it. Donahue (2002) found that the pronouns correspond closely to those of Airoran, though both are divergent from the Kwerba languages of the interior.
Samarokena
Samarokena language
Northwestern Tamang
Tamang, Northwestern
Tamnim Citak
Citak, Tamnim
Guibei Zhuang
Zhuang, Guibei
Tai Thanh
Taman is an Austronesian (Dayak) language of Borneo. Apart from Mbalo, it is not close to other languages.
Taman (Indonesia)
Taman language
Temoq is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya. The number of speakers is unknown
Temoq
Temoq language
Tai Mène
Tumleo
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by Jewish writers in Babylonia between the 4th century and the 11th century CE. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the seventh century) and of post-Talmudic (Geonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jewry. The most important epigraphic sources for the dialect are the hundreds of Aramaic magic bowls written in the Jewish script.
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Judéo-araméen babylonien
Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian (ca. 200-1200 CE)
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)
Tima, also known as Domorik or Lomorik, is a Kordofanian language spoken by the Tima people of Sudan.
Tima
Tima language
Tasmate
Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight, Standard Moroccan
Iau
Tembo (Motembo) is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. There is a large degree of dialect diversity.
Tembo (Motembo)
Tembo (Motembo) language
The Temuan language (Benua, bual Mutan, Niap, ) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Temuan people, one of the Orang Asli or indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia in the states of Selangor, Pahang, Johor, and Negeri Sembilan. It has a degree of mutual intelligibility with the Malay language.
Temuan
Temuan language
Tami
Tamanaku
Keine Sprachinhalte
Not applicable
sans contenu linguistique
sin contenido lingüístico
nessun contenuto linguistico
sem conteúdo linguístico
No linguistic content
The Tacana language is a Western Tacanan language spoken by approximately 1,800 Tacana people in Bolivia out of an ethnic population of approximately 5,000 in the jungles along the Beni and Madre de Dios rivers.
Tacana
Tacana language
Minz Zhuang
Zhuang, Minz
Western Tunebo
Tunebo, Western
Tanimuca-Retuarã
Angosturas Tunebo
Tunebo, Angosturas
Tinoc Kallahan
Kallahan, Tinoc
Tobanga, or Northern Gabri, is an East Chadic language spoken in the Tandjilé Region of Chad.
Tobanga
Tobanga language
Maiani
Tandia is a possibly extinct Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages. Speakers have shifted to Wandamen.
Tandia
Tandia language
Kwamera
Guibian Zhuang
Zhuang, Guibian
Lenakel
Tabla, or Tanah Merah, is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.
Tabla
Tabla language
North Tanna
Tanna, North
Toromono
Whitesands is a language spoken on the eastern coast of Tanna Island in Vanuatu. It is closely related to the North Tanna and Lenakel languages.
Whitesands
Whitesands language
Taíno, an Arawakan language, was the principal language of the Caribbean islands at the time of the Spanish Conquest, including the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys, and the Lesser Antilles. The Taíno had largely displaced the non-Arawakan Ciboney, of which only pockets remained in the Greater Antilles (the Guanajatabey in western Cuba, the Ciguayo and Macorix in eastern Hispaniola), and in turn had been conquered by the Caribs in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico.
Idioma taíno
Taino
Taíno language
Bedik (Budik, endonym Ménik), also Banda, is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers.
Bedik
Bédik
Bedik language
Ménik
Tenis
Magori
Tontemboan is an Austronesian language, perhaps a Philippine language, of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Tontemboan
Tontemboan language
Tay Khang
Língua tanchangya
Tangchangya
Tanchangya language
Tonsawang
Tanema
Tongwe
Tonga is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya and Thailand. It also goes by the name Mos in Thailand, which it shares with Kensiu in Thailand, and Mos Tean-ean.
Tonga (Thailand)
The Zhuang languages (autonym: (pre-1982: , Sawndip: 话壮), from vah language and Cuengh Zhuang; ) are any of various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people. Most speakers live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region within the Peoples Republic of China, where Standard Zhuang is an official language. Across the provincial border in Guizhou, Bouyei has also been standardized. Over one million speakers also live in Chinas Yunnan province.
Zhuang
zhuang
Chuang
Idioma chuang
Zhuang languages
Toba is a Guaicuruan language spoken in South America by the Toba people. In Argentina it is most widely dispersed in the east of Formosa and Chaco Provinces where the majority of the approximately 19,810 (2000 WCD) speakers of Toba reside. Other names for the language include: Chaco Sur, Qom, Toba Qom, and Toba Sur. The language is distinct from Toba-Pilagá and Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy. There are also 146 Toba speakers in Bolivia where it is known as Qom and in Paraguay where it is also known as Qob or Toba-Qom.
Toba
Toba Qom language
Coyutla Totonac
Totonac, Coyutla
Toma
Tomedes
(Western) Gizrra, or Waidoro, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. The name is shared with the neighboring Wipi language, (Eastern) Gidra.
Gizrra
Gizrra language
There are about 170,000 speakers of the Malawi language called Tonga, also called Western Nyasa.
Tsonga-Sprache
nyasa del Tonga
toganês
tonga del Nyasa
tonga nyasa
Nyasa Tonga
Tonga (Nyasa)
Tonga (Nyasa) language
tonga (Nyasa)
tonganês de Nyasa
Gitonga
Tojolabal is a Mayan language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. It is related to the Chuj language spoken in Guatemala. Tojolabal is spoken especially in the departments of the Chiapanecan Colonia of Las Margaritas by about 20,000 people.
Idioma tojolabal
Língua tojolabal
Tojolabal
Tojolabal-Sprache
Tojolab'al language
The Tolowa (Taa-Laa-Wa) language (also called Smith River) is a member of the Pacific Coast subgroup of the Athabaskan language family. It is spoken by Tolowa Indians in southern Oregon and northern California. There are only a handful of remaining fully fluent native speakers. The Confederated Tribes of Siletz are attempting to revive it, offering courses for 6th- through 8th-graders at the Siletz Valley Charter School, opening in the fall of 2006. Loren Bommelyn is a fluent speaker and linguist, who has published books teaching the language and teaches young Tolowa students in Crescent City, California.
Tolowa
Tolowa language
Tombulu, Minahasa, is an Austronesian language, perhaps a Philippine language, of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Tombulu
Tombulu language
Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac
Totonac, Xicotepec De Juárez
Papantla Totonac is a native American language spoken in central Mexico, in the state of Veracruz around the city of Papantla.
Papantla Totonac
Totonac, Papantla
Toposa (also Akara, Kare, Kumi, Taposa, Topotha) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in South Sudan by the Toposa people. Mutually intelligible language varieties include Jiye of South Sudan, Nyangatom of Ethiopia, Karimojong, Jie and Dodos of Uganda and Turkana of Kenya. Teso (spoken in both Kenya and Uganda) is lexically more distant.
Toposa
Toposa language
Togbo-Vara Banda
Banda, Togbo-Vara
Zapotitlán de Méndez Totonac is a native American language spoken in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico. One of the Totonacan languages, it is also known as Totonaco de la Sierra ( Sierra Totonac) or Highland Totonac, although these terms are now recognized by specialists to refer to a larger group of languages spoken in the surrounding areas of Puebla and Veracruz. The language is best-known through the work of the late Herman “Pedro” Aschmann who produced a small dictionary and several academic articles on the language.
Highland Totonac
Totonaque de la sierra
Totonac, Highland
Zapotitlán de Méndez Totonac
Tho
Upper Taromi
Taromi, Upper
Jemez (also Towa) is a Kiowa–Tanoan language spoken by the Jemez Pueblo people in New Mexico. It has no written form, as tribal rules do not allow it.
Idioma jemez
Jemez
Jemez language
Tobian (Tobian: ramarih Hatohobei, literally "the language of Tobi") is the language of Tobi, one of the Southwest Islands of Palau, and the main island of Hatohobei state. Tobian is a Micronesian language spoken by approximately 150 people.
Idioma tobiano
Tobi
Tobian
Tobianische Sprache
Tobian language
Topoiyo
Taupota
Azoyú Me'phaa
Azoyú Tlapanec
Me'phaa, Azoyú
Tlapanec, Azoyú
Tippera
Tarpia
Kula (Kola), or Lamtoka (Lantoka), is a Papuan language of the Moluccas. Dialects are Kula proper, Kulatela, Watena, Kula Watena, Iramang, Larena, Sumang, Arumaka.
Kula
Kula language
File:HuaiyuansiTuoLaJi.jpg|Caption1 File:Example.jpg|Caption2 Zhaba is a Qiangic language of Tibet spoken by about 8,000 people in the Zhamai district of Yajiang County. It is a Tibeto-Burman language.
Zhaba
Zhaba language
Tok Pisin (; locally ) is a creole spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in that country. In parts of Western, Gulf, Central, Oro Province and Milne Bay Provinces, however, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history, and is less universal, especially among older people.
Tok Pisin
Tok pisin
tok pisin
Lingua tok pisin
Neumelanesisch
Tapieté is a subdialect of Eastern Bolivian Guaraní spoken by 33 Paraguayans (Out of an ethnic group numbering 513 to 1,519), 100 Argentines, and 70 Bolivians. It is also known as Guasurango, Guasurangue, Tirumbae, Yanaigua, Ñanagua, and Nandeva.
Tapieté
Tapieté dialect
Tupinikin
Tlacoapa Me'phaa
Me'phaa, Tlacoapa
Tlacoapa Tlapanec
Tlapanec, Tlacoapa
Tampulma
Tupinambá
Tai Pao
Pisaflores Tepehua
Tepehua, Pisaflores
Tukpa
Tuparí
Tlachichilco Tepehua
Tepehua, Tlachichilco
Tampuan
Dai Zhuang
Zhuang, Dai
Tanapag is a Micronesian language of the Austronesian language family. It is spoken by about 4,400 people on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. The language may be endangered, as younger people tend to speak Chamorro instead of Tanapag, but there are also efforts being made to promote the language.
Tanapag
Tanapag language
Tupí
Tupiniquim (Tupinaki) is a language which was spoken by Tupiniquim tribesmen in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, and belonged to the Tupi–Guarani language family. It is now extinct. Its former speakers have switched to Portuguese.
Acatepec Me'phaa
Idioma tupiniquim
Língua tupiniquim
Acatepec Tlapanec
Me'phaa, Acatepec
Tlapanec, Acatepec
Tupiniquim language
Trumai is an endangered language isolate of Brazil. Most Trumai are fluent in languages of wider communication, and children are not learning it well.
Idioma trumaí
Trumai
Trumai language
Tinputz
Tembé
Lehali
Turumsa
Zhire
Tenino
Toaripi
Tomoip
Tunni (also known as Af-Tunni) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Somalia.
Tunni
Tunni language
Torona is an extinct Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan. Speakers have shifted to Tira.
Torona
Torona language
Western Totonac
Totonac, Western
The Touo language is spoken over the southern part of Rendova Island in the Solomon Islands. Touo belongs to the Central Solomons group of the Papuan languages. All the surrounding languages to Touo belong to the Oceanic subgroup of the Austronesian language family.
Touo
Touo language
Nong Zhuang
Zhuang, Nong
The Tonkawa language was spoken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico by the Tonkawa people. A language isolate, with no known related languages, Tonkawa is now extinct. Members of the Tonkawa tribe now speak only English.
Idioma tónkawa
Lingua tonkawa
Tonkawa
Tonkawa language
Tirahi
Terebu
Copala Triqui
Triqui, Copala
Turi is an endangered Munda language of India that is closely related to Santali. It is spoken by only half a percent of ethnic Turi, the rest having shifted to Sadri in Jharkhand, Mundari in West Bengal, and Oriya in Orissa.
Turi
Turi language
East Tarangan
Tarangan, East
Trinidadian Creole is a Creole language generally spoken language in Trinidad. It is distinct from Tobagonian Creole, particularly at the basilectal level, and from other Lesser Antillean English creoles.
Trinidadian Creole
Creole English, Trinidadian
Trinidadian Creole English
Lishán Didán is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in Iranian Azerbaijan, in the region of Lake Urmia, from Salmas to Mahabad. Most speakers now live in Israel. The name Lishán Didán means our language; other variations are Lishanán, our-language, and Lishanid Nash Didán, the language of our selves. As this causes some confusion with similarly named dialects (Lishana Deni, Lishanid Noshan), scholarly sources tend simply to use a more descriptive name, like Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic. To distinguish it from other dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Lishán Didán is sometimes called Lakhlokhi (literally to-you(f)-to-you(m)) or Galihalu (mine-yours), demonstrating different use of prepositions and pronominal suffixes.
Lishán Didán
Lishán didán
The Chinese language (/ Hànyǔ; / Huáyǔ; Zhōngwén) is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages. About one-fifth of the world’s population, or over one billion people, speaks some variety of Chinese as their native language. Internal divisions of Chinese are usually perceived by their native speakers as dialects of a single Chinese language, rather than separate languages, although this identification is considered inappropriate by some linguists and Sinologists.
Chinesische Sprachen
Idioma chino
Lingua cinese
Língua chinesa
Chinese language
Chinese languages
Langues chinoises
Turaka
The Tiriyó language (also known as Trio, autonym tarëno), is spoken by approximately 2,000 people living in several villages on both sides of the Brazil-Suriname border in Northern Amazonia. It is a relatively healthy language, learned by all children as their mother tongue and actively used in all areas of life by its speakers. Most of the Tiriyó (there are no precise numbers, but impressionistic observation would suggest more than half) are monolingual speakers. Of course, the long-term survival of their language, as is the case for almost all native South American languages, remains an open question.
Tiriyo
Tiriyó
Tiriós
Trió
Tiriyó language
Toram (also known as Torom, Torum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers seem to be shifting to Chadian Arabic.
Toram
Toram language
Scottish Cant (often simply Cant) is a cant spoken in Scotland by Lowland Scottish Travellers/Gypsies.
Scottish Cant
Scottish, Traveller
Traveller Scottish
Tregami, Trigami or Gambiri is a language spoken by the Tregami people in the villages of Gambir and Katar in the Watapur District of Kunar Province in Afghanistan.
Tregami
Tregami language
Trinitario
Tarao Naga
Naga, Tarao
The Borok language, or Kok Borok, also spelled Kokborok and also known as Tripuri, is the native language of the Tripuri people of the Indian state of Tripura and neighboring areas of Bangladesh. The word Kok Borok is a compound of kok "language" and borok "people", which is used specifically for the Borok people. Thus Kok Borok means "language of the Borok".
Kokborok
Kok Borok
Kokborok language
San Martín Itunyoso Triqui
Triqui, San Martín Itunyoso
Taushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20. Documentation was done in the mid 1970s by Neftalí Alicea.
Idioma taushiro
Taushiro
Taushiro language
Chicahuaxtla Triqui
Triqui, Chicahuaxtla
Tunggare (also called Tarunggare, Tarunggareh, Turunggare) is a language spoken in Papua, Indonesia.
Tunggare
Tunggare language
Surayt
Turoyo
Seediq (pronounced ) is an Atayalic language spoken in the mountains of Northern Taiwan by the Seediq and Truku people. There are 4,750 speakers out of a total of 25,000 ethnic members (Tsukida 2005).
Seediq
Taroko
taroko
Lingua Seediq
Seediq language
The Torwali (Urdu:توروالی), or Turvali, language is spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The language is indigenous to the Torwali people who live in scattered hamlets in the mountainous upper reaches of the Swat valley, above the Pashto-speaking town of Madyan up to the Gawri-speaking town of Kalam. According to Rehmat Aziz Chitrali the Pakistani Researcher and Director Khowar Academy the total speakers of Torwali language are 90,000 (2011) There are two dialects of Torwali: Bahrain and Chail.
Torwali
Torwali language
Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh
Bidayuh, Tringgus-Sembaan
The Turung language (Tailung, Tairong) is an extinct language formerly spoken in Assam. The Turung people who spoke this language now speak Assamese or Singpho languages.
Turung
Turung language
Torá
Tsaangi (Tsangui) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.
Tsaangi
Tsaangi language
Tsamai (also known as Tsamay, Samai, Tamaha, Tsamako, Tsamakko, Bago S'amakk-Ulo, Kuile, Kule, Cule) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia. Tsamai is a member of the Dullay dialect continuum.
Tsamai
Tsamai language
Tswa, or XiTswa is a South-Eastern Bantu language in Southern Mozambique. Its closest relatives are Ronga and Tsonga, the three forming the Tswa–Ronga family of languages.
Língua tswa
Tswa
Tswa language
Tsakonian, Tsaconian, Tzakonian or Tsakonic (Greek: Τσακώνικα) is a Hellenic language, spoken in the Tsakonian region of the Peloponnese, Greece. Tsakonian derives from Doric Greek, being its only living descendant. Tsakonian is critically endangered, with only a few hundred, mostly elderly, fluent speakers left.
Tsakonian
Tsakonien
Tsakonisch
Tsakonian language
Tunisian Sign Language
Southwestern Tamang
Tamang, Southwestern
Tausūg (Tausūg: Bahasa Sūg, , , ) is a language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines, in Malaysia, and in Indonesia by the Tausūg people.
Idioma joloano
Língua tausug
Tausug
Tausug language
Tsuvan (also known as Matsuvan, Motsuvan, Terki, Telaki, Teleki, Tchede) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province.
Tsuvan
Tsuvan language
:For the Tsimshian peoples see Tsimshian, Gitxsan, and Nisgaa Coast Tsimshian, known by its speakers as Smalgyax, is a Tsimshianic language spoken by the Tsimshian nation in northwestern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Sm'algyax means literally "real or true language."
Tsimshian
Tsimshian-Sprache
tsimshian
tsimshiano
Coast Tsimshian language
Tsimshian de la côte
Tshangla, also called Sharchopkha, Menba, and Monpa, is the language of the Sharchops and the Monpa (Menba), the plurality ethnicity of Bhutan and the principal pre-Tibetan (pre-Dzongkha) people of that country.
Lingua tshangla
Tshangla
Tshangla language
Zhoa
Tseku
Ts'ün-Lao is a Tai language spoken in the Lai Châu Province of northwestern Vietnam.
Ts'ün-Lao
Ts'ün-Lao language
Turkish Sign Language is the language used by the deaf community in Turkey. As with other sign languages, TİD has a unique grammar that is different from the spoken languages used in the region.
Türk İşaret Dili
Türkische Gebärdensprache
Turkish Sign Language
Tswana or Setswana is a language spoken in Southern Africa by about 4.5 million people. It is a Bantu language belonging to the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho languages branch of Zone S (S.30), and is closely related to the Northern- and Southern Sotho languages, as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language.
Setswana
Tswana
setchwana
tswana
Idioma setsuana
Lingua tswana
Língua tswana
Tswana language
Tswana-Sprache
The Tsonga or Xitsonga language is spoken in southern Africa by the Tsonga people, also known as the Shangaan.
Tsonga
tsonga
Idioma tsonga
Lingua tsonga
Língua tsonga
Tsonga language
Xitsonga
Northern Toussian
Toussian, Northern
Thai Sign Language (TSL) or Modern Standard Thai Sign Language (MSTSL), is the national sign language of Thailand's Deaf community and is used in most parts of the country by the 20% of the estimated 56,000 pre-linguistically deaf people who go to school. Thai Sign Language was acknowledged as "the national language of deaf people in Thailand" in August 1999, in a resolution signed by the Minister of Education on behalf of the Royal Thai Government. As with many sign languages, the means of transmission to children occurs within families with signing deaf parents and in schools for the deaf. A robust process of language teaching and enculturation among deaf children has been documented and photographed in the Thai residential schools for the deaf.
Língua de sinais tailandesa
Thai Sign Language
Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Binandere subgroup of the hypothetical Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages (Ross, 2005).
Zia
Zia language
Akei
Taiwanese Sign Language or TSL is the deaf sign language most commonly used in Taiwan.
Langue des signes taïwanaise
Língua de Sinais de Taiwan
Taiwan Sign Language
Taiwanese Sign Language
Tondi Songway Kiini is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in several villages in the area of Kikara, Mali, about 120 km west of Hombori. It was discovered in 1998.
Tondi Songway Kiini
Songway Kiini, Tondi
Tsou is a divergent Austronesian language spoken by the Tsou people of Taiwan.
Tsou
Tsou language
Tsogo is a Bantu language of Gabon. It's one of the principal languages of the Babongo Pygmies.
Tsogo
Tsogo language
Tsishingini
Mubami is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It goes by the names Dausame, Tao-Suamato, Tao-Suame, and Ta.
Mubami
Mubami language
Tebul Sign Language is an indigenous sign language of the village of Uluban in Mali.
Tebul Sign Language
Purepecha
The Tutelo language (or Tutelo–Saponi language) is a member of the Virginian branch of Siouan languages that was originally spoken in what is now Virginia and West Virginia, as well as in the later travels of the speakers through North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, and finally, Ontario. The last fluent full-blooded speaker, Nikonha, died in 1871 at age 106, but managed to impart about 100 words of vocabulary to the ethnologist Horatio Hale, who had visited him at Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation Ontario the year before. However, knowledge of the language and grammar was preserved by persons of mixed Tutelo and Cayuga descent at Grand River well into the twentieth century, and was recorded by Hale and other scholars including J. N. B. Hewitt, James Owen Dorsey, Leo J. Frachtenberg, Edward Sapir, Frank Speck, and Marianne Mithun.
Tutelo
Tutelo language
Tiba, or Gaa, is a poorly documented language of Nigeria. It is apparently one of the Dakoid languages.
Gaa
Gaa language
The Tektitek language (Tectiteco, Teco, or Baaj) is a member of the Quichean–Mamean branch of the Mayan language family. It is very closely related to the Mam language. Tektikek is spoken by the Tektitek people, which are primarily settled in the municipality of Tectitán, department of Huehuetenango. A number of Tektitek speakers have settled in Mexico.
Idioma tectiteco
Língua tectiteca
Tektitekisch
Tektiteko
Tektitek language
Zimbabwe Sign Language
Tauade
Bwanabwana
Tuotomb
Tutong
Upper Ta'oih
Ta'oih, Upper
Tobati
Yongbei Zhuang
Zhuang, Yongbei
Tooro, or Rutooro, is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Tooro people (Batooro) from the Toro Kingdom region of western Uganda.
Tooro
Tooro language
Zimakani is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea by approximately 1500 people.
Zimakani
Zimakani language
Totoro
Totela
Northern Tutchone
Tutchone, Northern
Towei
Lower Ta'oih
Ta'oih, Lower
Tombelala
The Tawellemmet (Tawəlləmmət) language is a member of the Tuareg branch of the Berber languages, usually classed within Tamajeq. It is the language of the Iwellemmeden Tuareg peoples, spoken in Mali and Niger by approximately 670,000 people.
Tawallammat Tamajaq
Tamajaq, Tawallammat
Tawellemmet language
Tera is a Chadic language spoken in north-eastern Nigeria in the north and eastern parts of Gombe State and Borno State.
Tera
Tera language
Isan language (, , ) is the collective name for the dialects of the Lao language as they are spoken in Thailand. It is spoken by approximately 20 million people, which is nearly one-third of the entire population of Thailand, predominantly in the Isan region of northeastern Thailand. There are also large numbers of speakers, migrant workers, in Bangkok. It serves as the primary lingua franca of the Isan region, used as a communication medium amongst native speakers and second language speakers amongst various other minority groups, such as the Northern Khmer. There are more speakers of Lao (Isan) in Thailand than in Laos.
Isaan
Isan language
Northeastern Thai
Thai, Northeastern
The Tat language or Tat/Tati Persian or Tati is a Southwestern Iranian language and a variety of Persian spoken by the Tats in Azerbaijan and Russia. According to the Ethnologue, it's spoken by 18,000 people in Azerbaijan, 8000 in Iran, and 2300 in Russia. Its written form is related to Middle Persian Pahlavi. There is also a Jewish language called Judeo-Tat that is derived from the Tat language.
Idioma tati
Muslim Tat
Tat language
Tat, Muslim
Torau
Zialo (self-identification Ziolo) is a language spoken by the Zialo people in Guinea.
Zialo
Zialo language
Titan, also known as Manus, is an East Manus language of the Austronesian language family spoken in the southeastern part of Manus Island, New Guinea, and neighboring islands by about 4,000 people.
Titan
Titan language
Long Wat
Sikaritai (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
Sikaritai
Sikaritai language
Tsum
Wiarumus
Tübatulabal is a Uto-Aztecan language, traditionally spoken in Kern County, California. It is the traditional language of the Tübatulabal people, who have now largely shifted to English. The language is currently considered moribund.
Idioma tübatulabal
Tubatulabal
Tübatulabal
Tübatulabal language
Mutu, or Tuam (Mutu-Tuam), is an Austronesian languages of New Britain. It is named for its two dialects.
Mutu
Mutu language
Tuxá (Tusha; also Todela ~ Rodela, Carapató, Payacú) was the eastern Brazilian language of the Tuxá people, who now speak Portuguese. The language ceased being spoken in the late 19th century, but in the 1960s a research team found two women that had been expelled from the Tuxa tribe in Bahia who knew some thirty words.
Idioma tuxá
Tuxá
Tuxá language
Tuyuca (also Dochkafuara, Tejuca, Tuyuka, Dojkapuara, Doxká-Poárá, Doka-Poara, or Tuiuca) is an Eastern Tucanoan language (similar to Tucano) spoken by the Tuyuca people. The Tuyuca are an indigenous ethnic group of some 500-1000 people who inhabit the watershed of the Papuri, Inambú and Tiquié rivers in the Colombian department of Vaupés and the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
Tuiúcas
Tuyuca
Tuyuka
Tuyuca language
Central Tunebo
Tunebo, Central
Tunia
Taulil
Tupuri (or Toupouri) is a language mostly spoken in the Mayo-Kebbi Est Region of southern Chad but there are small pats in northern Cameroon. It is an Mbum language spoken by the Tupuri people with approximately 300,000 speakers.
Toupouri
Tupuri
Tupuri language
Mesmé is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad. Zime (Djime) is a generic name.
Mesme
Mesme language
Taulil is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Tugutil
Taulil language
Turkmen (Latin script: türkmençe, türkmen dili, Cyrillic: түркменче, түркмен дили, Persian: تورکمن ﺗﻴﻠی ,تورکمنچه; Russian Туркменский язык) is the national language of Turkmenistan. It is spoken by approximately 3,000,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by an additional approximately 380,000 in northwestern Afghanistan and 500,000 in northeastern Iran.
Turkmen
Turkmenisch
Turkmène
turcomanno
turcomano
Idioma turcomano
Lingua turkmena
Língua turcomena
Turkmen language
Turkmenische Sprache
turkmène
Tula (Kotule) is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.
Tula
Tula language
The Tumbuka language is a Bantu language which is spoken in parts of Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania.
Tumbuka
tumbuka
Idioma tumbuka
Lingua tumbuka
Língua tumbuka
Tumbuka language
Tumbuka-Sprache
The Tunica (or Tonica, or less common form Yuron ) language was a language isolate spoken in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley by in the United States by Native American Tunica peoples. There are no known speakers of the Tunica language remaining.
Tunica
Tunica language
Tucano (also Tukana, Tucana, Tukano, Dasea, Jurutí, Jurití, Yurutí, Tariana, Tariano, Koneá, Koreá, Patsoka, Wahyara; autonym: Dahseyé) is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.
Tucano
Tucano language
The Teda language, Tedaga, belongs to the Saharan subfamily of the Nilo-Saharan, spoken in northern Chad and eastern Niger by the Teda people.
Tedaga
Teda language
Turkish (Turkish: ) is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe. Turkish is also spoken by several million people of immigrant origin in Western Europe, particularly in Germany. The language contains many dialects but the standard is Istanbul Turkish.
Turc
Turkish
Türkisch
turco
Idioma turco
Lingua turca
Língua turca
Turkish language
Türkische Sprache
turc
Tuscarora, sometimes called Ska:rù:rę, is an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people, spoken in southern Ontario, Canada, and northwestern New York around Niagara Falls, in the United States. The historic homeland of the Tuscarora was in eastern North Carolina, in and around the Goldsboro, Kinston, and Smithfield areas. Some Tuscarora descendants, though few, still live in this region. The name Tuscarora (pronounced approximately "Tuh-skuh-roar-uh") means "hemp people," after the Indian hemp or milkweed which they use in many aspects of their society. Skarureh refers to the long shirt worn as part of the mens regalia, hence "long shirt people".
Tuscarora
Tuscarora language
Tututni
Turkana is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya, numbering about 340,000.
Turkana
Turkana language
Zinza
Tuxináwa
Tugen is the language spoken by the about 200 000 Tugen people of the broader Kalenjin group in Kenya. As a part of the Kalenjin dialect cluster, it is most closely related to such varieties as Kipsigis and Nandi.
Tugen
Tuken
Tugen language
Turka (Turuka) or Curama (Cuuramã, Tchourama, Tyurama), is a Gur language of Burkina Faso.
Tchourama
Tschurama
Turka
Turka language
Vaghua
The Vadi language, Tsuvadi, is a Kainji language of Nigeria spoken by the Kambari people.
Tsuvadi
Vadi language
Te'un
Southeast Ambrym
Ambrym, Southeast
Ziriya
Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language of or closely related to the Ellicean group spoken in Tuvalu. It is more or less distantly related to all other Polynesian languages, such as Hawaiian, Maori, Tahitian, Samoan, and Tongan, and most closely related to the languages spoken on the Polynesian Outliers in Micronesia and Northern and Central Melanesia. Tuvaluan has borrowed considerably from Samoan, the language of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are about 13,000 Tuvaluan speakers worldwide.
Elliceanisch
Tuvalu
tuvalu
tuvaluano
Idioma tuvaluano
Lingua tuvaluana
Língua tuvaluana
Tuvaluan
Tuvaluan language
Tuvaluische Sprache
Tela-Masbuar
Tavoyan
Tidore of eastern Indonesia is a language centered on the island of Tidore but also spoken in neighboring Halmahera. A Papuan language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. It, and the similar Ternate language, appear to be related to languages of the Bird's Head peninsula in Papua.
Tidore
Tidore language
Taveta
Tutsa Naga
Naga, Tutsa
Tunen
Zigula
Sedoa
Bidau Creole Portuguese (Português de Bidau) was a Portuguese-based creole language that was spoken in Bidau, an eastern suburb of Dili, East Timor until the 1960s, when the speakers shifted to standard Portuguese.
Timor Pidgin
Bidau Creole Portuguese
Pidgin, Timor
The Twana language or Skokomish language belongs to the Salishan family of Native American languages. It is believed by some elders within the Skokomish community (such as Bruce Subiyay Miller) that the language branched off from Lushootseed (xwəlšucid) because of the region-wide tradition of not speaking the name of someone who died for a year after their death. Substitute words were found in their place and often became normalizing in the community, generating differences from one community to the next. Subiyay speculated that this process increased the drift rate between languages and separated Twana firmly from xwəlšucid (Lushootseed).
Twana
Twana language
Western Tawbuid
Tawbuid, Western
Teshenawa is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Jigawa State, Nigeria.
Teshenawa
Teshenawa language
Tweants (Dutch: Twents) is a Dutch Low Saxon group of dialects, descending from Old Saxon. It is spoken daily by approximately 62% of the population of Twente, a region in the Dutch province of Overijssel bordering on Germany. Its speakers also refer to Twents as plat or simply dialect. A widespread misconception is the assumption that it is a variety of Dutch. It is, however, a variety of Dutch Low Saxon, recognised by the Dutch government as a regional language according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. As such, it enjoys some loose stimulation from the part of the government.
Twents
Tweants
Tewa (Indonesia)
Zizilivakan (also known as Ziziliveken, Ziliva, Àmzírív, Fali of Jilbu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and neighboring Nigeria.
Zizilivakan
Zizilivakan language
The Taos dialect of the Northern Tiwa language is spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico.
Taos dialect
Northern Tiwa
Tiwa, Northern
Tereweng
Tai Dón is a Tai language of northern Vietnam and Laos.
Tai Dón
Tai Dón language
Asante, or Ashanti, is one of three literary dialects of the Akan language of southern Ghana, and the prestige dialect of that language. It is spoken in and around Kumasi, the capital of the former Ashanti Empire and current subnational Asante Kingdom within Ghana.
Twi
twi
Asante dialect
Idioma twi
Lingua twi
Língua twi
Tawara
Tawang is one of the Monpa languages of the East Bodish (East Tibetan) family. It is spoken in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh, claim by Tibet as a part of Lho-kha Sa-khul. It is quite distinct from non-Eastern Tibetan languages, though it shares many similarities with Bumthang. It is written in the Tibetan alphabet.
Monba
Tawang Monpa
Monpa, Tawang
Tawang language
Twendi
Tswapong
Ere
The Sawaq language, Tasawaq, sometimes also called Ingelshi, is a northern Songhay language spoken by the Issawaghan (or Ingalkoyyu), a community surrounding Ingal in Niger. A closely related variety called Emghedeshie was spoken at Agadez, but is now extinct.
Tasawaq
tasawaq
Tasawaq language
Southwestern Tarahumara
Tarahumara, Southwestern
Kaimbulawa
Turiwára
Termanu
Tuwari is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea.
Tuwari
Tuwari language
Tewe
Tawoyan
Tombonuo
Yang Zhuang
Zhuang, Yang
Tokharian B
Koibal
Tsetsaut is an extinct Athabascan language formerly spoken in the Portland Canal area of northwestern British Columbia. Virtually everything known of the language comes from the limited material recorded by Franz Boas in 1894 from two Tsetsaut slaves of the Nisgaa, which is enough to establish that Tsetsaut formed its own branch of Athabaskan. It is not known precisely when the language became extinct. One speaker was still alive in 1927. The Nisgaa name for the Tsetsaut people is "Jits'aawit"
Tsetsaut
Tsetsaut language
Totoli Tolitoli is a Sulawesi language of the Austronesian language family spoken by approximately 25,000–30,000 people of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Totoli
Totoli language
Tangut (also Xīxià or Hsi-Hsia or Mi-nia) is an ancient northeastern Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in the Western Xia Dynasty, also known as the Tangut Empire. It is classified by some linguists as one of the Qiangic languages, which also include Qiang and rGyalrong, among others. It is distantly related to Tibetan and Burmese, and even more distantly to Chinese.
Idioma tangut
Língua tangut
Tangoute
Tangut
Tangut language
The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times in Southeastern Europe by the Thracians, the northern neighbors of the Ancient Greeks. The Thracian language exhibits satemization: it either belonged to the Satem group of Indo-European languages or it was strongly influenced by Satem languages. The language, of which little is known from written sources was extinct by the Early Middle Ages.
Idioma tracio
Lingua tracica
Língua trácia
Thracian
Thrakische Sprache
Thracian language
Ikpeng
Tomini
West Tarangan
Tarangan, West
Kadu
Toto is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken on the border of India and Bhutan, by the tribal Toto people. The Himalayan Languages Project is working on the first grammatical sketch of Toto.
Toto
Toto language
Tii
The Tartessian language is the extinct Paleohispanic language of inscriptions in the Southwestern script found in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula: mainly in the south of Portugal (Algarve and southern Alentejo), but also in Spain (south of Extremadura and western Andalusia). There are 95 of these inscriptions with the longest having 82 readable signs. Around one-third of them have been found in Early Iron Age necropolises or other Iron Age burial sites associated with rich complex burials. It is usual to date them from the 7th century BC and consider the southwestern script to be the most ancient paleohispanic script with characters most closely resembling specific Phoenician letter forms found in inscriptions dated to c. 825 BC.
Idioma tartésico
Lingua tartessica
Tartessian
Tartessiano
Tartessien
Tartessische Sprache
Tartessian language
Tonsea
Citak is the language of Citak-Mitak subdistrict (Kecamatan), Mappi Regency, Indonesia.
Citak
Citak language
Kayapó, also known as Mẽbengokre, is a Ge language of Brazil. The majority are monolingual, and most who are bilingual speak other indigenous languages; perhaps 1% speak Portuguese.
Kayapó
Kayapo language
Tatana
The Goguryeo language was spoken in the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo (37 – 668 ), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The language is also known as Old Koguryo, Koguryoic, and Koguryoan.
Idioma goguryeo
Koguryo
Goguryeo language
Tanosy Malagasy
Malagasy, Tanosy
Tauya (also Inafosa) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea by approximately 350 people.
Tauya
Tauya language
Kyenga (also spelled Tyenga, Tienga, Tyanga, Kenga), is a Mande language of Nigeria and Benin. Usage is declining, with speakers shifting to Hausa in Nigeria and Dendi in Benin.
Kyanga
Kyenga
Kyenga language
O'du
Teke-Tsaayi
Tai Do
Thu Lao
Kombai
Kuku-Thaypan is a Paman language spoken on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Kuku-Thaypan people. Together with Koko-Rarmul it forms the group of Koko-Thaypan languages. According to Ethnologue the language may have gone extinct as of 2003, but other sources say that there is at least one speaker left in 2009.
Thaypan
Gugu Thaypan language
Tai Daeng
Sapa, or Tày Sa Pa, is a Tai language of northern Vietnam. According to Pittayaporn (2009), it is the closest relative of the Southwestern Tai languages, but does not share the phonological innovations that define that group.
Tày Sa Pa
Sapa language
Tày Tac
Khorezmian
Kua
Tuvan (Tuvan: Тыва дыл Tyva dyl), also known as Tuvinian, Tyvan or Tuvin, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in south-central Siberia in Russia. The language has borrowed a great number of roots from the Mongolian language, Tibetan and more recently from the Russian language. There are small diaspora groups of Tuvan people that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in the People's Republic of China and in Mongolia.
Tuvinian
Tuwinisch
touva
tuvinian
tuviniano
Idioma tuvano
Lingua tuvana
Língua tuviniana
Touvain
Tuvan language
Tuwinische Sprache
Teke-Tyee
Tày or Tho is the major Tai language of Vietnam, in the northeast near the Chinese border.
Tày
Tày language
Seven or so Tanzanian Sign languages (Swahili Lugha ya Alama or Lugha ya Bubu) were developed independently among deaf students in separate Tanzanian schools for the Deaf starting in 1963, though use of several is forbidden by their schools. In 1984, a standardized Tanzanian Sign Language was proposed by the Tanzania Association for the Deaf, using common or similar signs where these exist in the schools which allowed research, but it has not been officially implemented, and there remains little influence between the languages.
Língua de Sinais da Tanzânia
Tanzanian Sign Language
Tanzanian sign languages
Tzeltal is a Mayan language spoken in the Mexican state of Chiapas, mostly in the municipalities of Ocosingo, Altamirano, Huixtán, Tenejapa, Yajalón, Chanal, Sitalá, Amatenango del Valle, Socoltenango, Villa las Rosas, Chilón, San Juan Cancun, San Cristóbal de las Casas and Oxchuc. It is a living language with some 371,730 speakers as of 2005, including a number of monolinguals.
Idioma tzeltal
Lingua tzeltal
Língua tseltal
Tzeltal
Tzeltal-Sprache
Tzeltal language
Tzutujil (or Tzutujiil) is a Mayan language spoken by the Tzutujil people in the region to the south of Lake Atitlán in Guatemala. Tzutujil is closely related to its larger neighbors, Kaqchikel and Kiche. Today approximately 84,000 speak Tzutujil as their mother tongue. The two Tzutijil dialects are Eastern Tzutijil (50,000 speakers in 1998) and Western Tzutijil (33,800 speakers in 1990).
Idioma zutuhil
Língua tsutuil
Tz'utujil
Tzutuhil-Sprache
Tz’utujil language
Karankawa is the extinct, unclassified language of the Texan coast, where the Karankawa people migrated between the mainland and the . It was not closely related to other known languages in the area, much of which are also poorly attested, and may have been a language isolate. A couple hundred words are preserved, collected in 1698, 1720, and 1828; in the 1880s, three lists were collected from non-Karankawa who knew some words.
Idioma karankawa
Karankawa
Karankawa language
Talossan
Central Atlas Tamazight
tamazight
tamazight de Marrocos Central
tamazight del Marruecos Central
Central Morocco Tamazight
Tamazight, Central Atlas
Tugun
Tzotzil (native name: Batsi kop; ) is a Maya language spoken by the indigenous Tzotzil Maya people in the Mexican state of Chiapas. According to an INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática) 2005 census, there are 329,937 speakers of Tzotzil in Mexico, making it the 6th most spoken indigenous language in the country. Most speakers are bilingual in Spanish as a second language. In Central Chiapas, some primary schools and a secondary school are taught in Tzotzil. Tzeltal is the most closely related language to Tzotzil and together they form a Tzeltalan sub-branch of the Mayan language family. Tzeltal, Tzotzil and Ch'ol are the most widely spoken languages in Chiapas.
Idioma tzotzil
Lingua tzotzil
Língua tsotsil
Tzotzil
Tzotzil-Sprache
Tzotzil language
Tabriak, also known as Karawari, is spoken by the Chambri people of Papua New Guinea.
Tabriak
Tabriak language
Huamoé Uamué is an extinct language of Brazil that is too poorly attested to classify.
Idioma aticum
Uamué
Huamoé language
Kuan
Tairuma
Ubang
Ubi (also known as Oubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.
Ubi
Ubi language
Buhi'non Bikol
Bikol, Buhi'non
Ubir
Umbu-Ungu
Kanan
Ubykh or Ubyx is an extinct language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, spoken by the Ubykh people (who originally lived along the eastern coast of the Black Sea before migrating en masse to Turkey in the 1860s). The language's last native speaker, Tevfik Esenç, died in 1992.
Idioma ubijé
Lingua ubykh
Língua ubykh
Oubykh
Ubychische Sprache
Ubykh
Ubykh language
Uda
The Udege language (also Udihe language, Udekhe language, Udeghe language) is the language of the Udege people. It is a member of the Tungusic family.
Oudihe
Udihe
Udege language
Muduga
The Udi language, spoken by the Udi people, is a member of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It is believed an earlier form of it was the main language of Caucasian Albania, which stretched from south Dagestan to current day Azerbaijan.
Idioma udí
Lingua udi
Língua udi
Oudi
Udi
Udische Sprache
Udi language
Ujir
Wuzlam, also called Uldeme, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
Wuzlam
Wuzlam language
The Kott (Kot) language is an extinct Yeniseian language that was formerly spoken in central Siberia by the banks of Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river. It became extinct in the 1850s. Some linguists believe the Assan language was a dialect of Kott. Kott was closely related to Ket, still spoken farther north along the Yenisei river.
Kott
Kotte
Kott language
Udmurt (, ) is a Uralic language, part of the Permic subgroup, spoken by the Udmurt natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is coofficial with Russian. It is written in the Cyrillic script with five additional characters. Together with Komi and Komi-Permyak languages, it constitutes the Permic grouping. Among outsiders, it has traditionally been referred to by its Russian exonym, Votyak. Udmurt has borrowed vocabulary from the neighboring languages Tatar and Russian.
Udmurt
Udmurtisch
oudmourte
udmurt
Idioma udmurto
Lingua udmurta
Língua udmurte
Oudmourte
Udmurt language
Udmurtische Sprache
Uduk, also known as Tw'ampa, is a Koman language spoken in the Gambela region in western Ethiopia, and across the border in the Upper Nile state of South Sudan. It is spoken by approximately 20,000 people in Ethiopia; the number of speakers in South Sudan is unknown (Ethnologue 2009). The Koman languages are a close-knit group which are often held to include the now extinct language of Jebel Gule and, on a deeper level, to be related to Gumuz and many other languages under the Nilo-Saharan umbrella (Bender 1983).
Idioma uduk
Uduk
Uduk language
Kioko
Ufim
The Ugaritic language, a northwest Semitic language, discovered by French archaeologists in 1928, is known only in the form of writings found in the lost city of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra), Syria. It has been used by scholars of the Old Testament to clarify Biblical Hebrew texts and has revealed ways in which ancient Israelite culture finds parallels in the neighboring cultures.
Ougaritique
Ugaritic
Ugaritisch
ugaritico
ugarítico
Idioma ugarítico
Lingua ugaritica
Língua ugarítica
Ugaritic language
Ugaritische Sprache
ougaritique
Kuku-Ugbanh
Ughele is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1200 people on Rendova Island, Solomon Islands.
Ughele
Ughele language
Ugandan Sign Language (USL) is the deaf sign language of Uganda. Uganda was the second country in the world to recognize sign language in its constitution, in 1995. A Ugandan Sign Language Dictionary has been published. However, knowledge of USL is primarily urban, as access to education for the rural deaf remains poor. Nonetheless, USL is a highly valued element of group identity among the Deaf community.
Ugandan Sign Language
The Ugong language (also 'Ugong, Gong, Lawa, or Ugawng) is an endangered language of Western Thailand, spoken in isolated pockets in Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani, and Suphanburi provinces. The ethnic group was first known to Westerners in the 1920s, when the language was already considered in severe decline. In the 1970s, a linguist began working on the language in the several areas where it was still used, by which time it was already extinct in two of the locations given by the surveyor 50 years earlier. The people were then forced from two of these villages when the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand built dams over the Kwae Yai and Khwae Noi River. Because of the displacement of the people of an already declining language, the language is considered especially vulnerable to extinction. The last children speakers were in the 1970s, and the children now speak Thai as their first language.
Ugong
Ugong language
Uruguayan Sign Language
Uhami
The Amung language, or Amung Kal, also known as Damal and Uhunduni, is the language of the Amung people. It is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Damal
Amung language
São Paulo Kaingáng was a Ge language of Brazil.
São Paulo Kaingáng
Kaingáng, São Paulo
São Paulo Kaingáng language
Uyghur (Uyĝur), formerly known as Eastern Turk, is a Turkic language with 8 to 11 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China. Significant communities of Uyghur-speakers are located in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and various other countries have Uyghur-speaking expatriate communities. Uyghur is an official language of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and is widely used in both social and official spheres, as well as in print, radio, and television, and is used as a lingua franca by other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang.
Uighur
Uigurisch
ouïgour
uigur
uiguro
Idioma uigur
Lingua uigura
Língua uigur
Ouïghour
Uigurische Sprache
Uyghur
Uyghur language
ouïghour
uighur
uigurico
uyghur
uygur
Uisai is a Papuan language of Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.
Uisai
Uisai language
Iyive
The Jijili language, Tanjijili, also known as Ujijili, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It is one of several languages which go by the name Koro.
Tanjijili
Jijili language
Kaburi
Ukuriguma
Ukhwejo
Ukrainian Sign Language
Ukpe-Bayobiri
Ukwa
Ukrainian ( ukrayins'ka mova, ) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic script.
Ukrainian
Ukrainisch
ucraino
ucraniano
ukrainien
Idioma ucraniano
Lingua ucraina
Língua ucraniana
Ukrainian language
Ukrainien
Ukrainische Sprache
Youjiang Zhuang
Zhuang, Youjiang
Urubú Sign Language (also known as Urubú–Kaapor or Kaapor Sign Language) is a sign language used by the small community of Ka'apor people in the state of Maranhão. Linguist Jim Kakumasu observed in 1968 that the number of deaf people in the community was 7 out of a population of 500. This relatively high ratio of deafness (1 in 75) has led to both hearing and deaf members of the community using the language, and most hearing children grow up bilingual in the spoken and signed languages. Other Indian tribes in the region have also been reported to use sign languages.
Kaapor Sign Language
Lengua de señas Urubu-Kaapor
Língua de Sinais Kaapor Brasileira
Ka'apor Sign Language
Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language
Zahkring (also Eastern Mishmi, Zaiwa, or Meyor) is a small Tibeto-Burman language of India.
Zakhring
Zakhring language
Ukue
Ukwuani, Aboh, and Ndoni are a cluster of Igboid dialects of Nigeria.
Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni
Ukwuani-aboh-ndoni
Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni language
Kuuk Yak, or the snake language, if translated literally, is an extinct Paman language which was spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia.
Kuuk-Yak
Kuuk Yak language
Fungwa
Ulukwumi
The Ulch language, or Olcha, is a Tungusic language spoken by the Ulch people in Siberia.
Oultche
Ulch
Ulch language
Lule
Usku, or Afra, is a nearly extinct and poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 20 people, mostly adults, in Usku village, Papua, Indonesia. Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it.
Usku
Afra
Usku language
Ulithian is the name of the language spoken on Ulithi atoll and neighboring islands. Ulithian is one of the 6 official languages of the Federated States of Micronesia. There are some 3,000 speakers, although only 700 of these live on Ulithi atoll.
Ulithi
Ulithian
Ulithiano
Ulithische Sprache
Ulithian language
Meriam (in the language itself Meriam Mìr; also Miriam, Meryam, Mer, Mir, Miriam-Mir, etc. and Eastern, Isten, Esten, Eastern Torres Strait, and Able Able) is the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. In the Western Torres Strait language, Kala Lagaw Ya, it is called Mœyam or Mœyamau Ya. It is the only Papuan language on Australian territory.
Meriam
Meriam language
Ullatan
The Khitan language (also known as Liao, Kitan [ISO 639-3]; Chinese: 契丹語 Qìdān Yǔ) is a now-extinct language once spoken by the Khitan people (388–1243AD). Khitan is generally deemed to be genetically linked to the Mongolic languages. It was written using two mutually exclusive writing systems known as the Khitan large script and the Khitan small script. The language was the official language of the Liao Dynasty (907–1125) and Kara-Khitan Khanate (1124–1218). Janhunen states "A better term for Khitan than Mongolic would be Para-Mongolic, implying that it was probably a language collateral to the ancestor of all the Mongolic languages." Presently the theory of the Mongolic, rather than Tungusic, affiliation of Khitan is more and more commonly accepted by both eastern and western scholars. See List of the Khitan rulers.
Kitan
Khitan language
Ulumanda'
Unserdeutsch ("Our German"), or Rabaul Creole German, is a German-based creole language spoken primarily in Papua New Guinea. It was formed among the New Guinean children residing in a German-run orphanage. Fewer than 100 native speakers survive today, 15 of whom live in New Britain.
Lingua unserdeutsch
Unserdeutsch
Unserdeutsch language
Uma' Lung
Ulwa
Umatilla is a variety of Southern Sahaptin, part of the Sahaptian subfamily of the Plateau Penutian group. It was spoken during late aboriginal times along the Columbia River and is therefore also called Columbia River Sahaptin. It is currently spoken as a first language by a few dozen elders and some adults in the Umatilla Reservation in Oregon. Some sources say that Umatilla is derived from imatilám-hlama: hlama means those living at or people of and there is an ongoing debate about the meaning of imatilám, but it is said to be an island in the Columbia River. B. Rigsby and N. Rude mention the village of ímatalam that was situated at the mouth of the Umatilla River and where the language was spoken.
Umatilla
Umatilla language
South Mbundu, or Umbundu, (autonym úmbúndú) is a language spoken by the Southern Mbundu people—now generally referred to by the way they call themselves, Ovimbundu—in the central highlands of Angola. Umbundu is the most widespread Bantu language in Angola. About one third of Angola is represented by Ovimbundu people. Not to be confused with Kimbundu, or North Mbundu, a language classified by Malcolm Guthrie as belonging to zone H, whereas Umbundu is an R zone language.
Umbundu
mbundu
umbundu
Idioma umbundu
Mbundu-Sprache
Oumboundou
South Mbundu language
Marrucinian
Umbindhamu
Umbuygamu
Ukit
Umon (Amon) is a Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.
Umon
Umon language
Kaurna
Makyan Naga
Naga, Makyan
Umotína is a recently extinct language of Brazil. It was one of the few languages in the world with linguolabial consonants.
Umotína
Umotína language
Umpila
The Umbugarla language is an Australian language isolate spoken by just three people in Arnhem Land, northern Australia, as of 1981. It may now be extinct.
Umbugarla
Umbugarla language
Pendau
Munsee (also known as Munsee Delaware, Delaware, Ontario Delaware) is an endangered language of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family, itself a branch of the Algic language family. Munsee is one of the two Delaware languages. It is very closely related to the extinct Unami Delaware, but the two are sufficiently different that they are considered separate languages. Munsee was spoken aboriginally in the vicinity of the modern New York City area in the United States, including western Long Island, Manhattan Island, Staten Island, as well as adjacent areas on the mainland: southeastern New York State, the northern third of New Jersey, and northeastern Pennsylvania.
Munsee
Munsee language
North Watut
Watut, North
Krevinian
Unbestimmte Sprache
Undetermined
idioma desconhecido
indéterminé
lengua desconocida
lingua imprecisata
Unknown Language
idioma inválido ou desconhecido
indéterminée
langue indéterminée
Uneme
Ngarinyin
Enawene Nawe (Enawené-Nawé, Enawenê-Nawê, Eneuene-Mare), also known as Salumã, is an Arawakan language of Brazil spoken by about 350 people in the state of Mato Grosso. Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it together with Terena and related languages.
Enawené-Nawé
Enawene Nawe language
Unami is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by Lenape people in what is now the lower Hudson Valley area and New York Harbor area, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware, but later in Ontario and Oklahoma. It is one of the two Delaware languages, the other being Munsee. Speakers have shifted to English.
Unami
Unami language
Kurnai
Mundari
Khazar was the Turkic language spoken by the Khazars, a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia. It is also referred to as Khazarian, Khazaric, or Khazari. The language is extinct and written records are almost non-existent.
Chasarische Sprache
Khazar
Khazar language
Unubahe
Munda
Unde Kaili
Kaili, Unde
Uokha
Umeda
Uripiv, or more precisely Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a language spoken on Vanuatu. Uripiv is spoken today by about 9,000 people. Literacy rate of Uripiv speakers in their own language is about 10 - 30%.
Idioma uripiv
Uripiv language
Uripiv-wala-rano-atchin
Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin
Urarina is a language spoken in Peru, specifically in the Loreto Region of Northwest Peru, by the Urarina people. There are only around 3000 speakers alive today according to the 2002 Ethnologue. It uses a Latin script. It is also known as Itucali, Simacu or Shimacu.
Idioma urarina
Urarina
Urarina language
Kaapor (Ka’apor, Kaaporté), also known as "Urubú" or Urubú-Kaapor, is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken in French Guiana and Brazil.
Kaapor
Ka'apor language
Urubú-Kaapor
Urningangga, also spelled Uningangk and Wuningak, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language.
Urningangg
Urningangg language
Urdu (Urdu: , ; ) is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an official language of five states. Based on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi, Urdu is derived from Sanskrit and developed under the influence of Persian, Arabic, and Turkic over the course of almost 900 years. It began to take shape in what is now Uttar Pradesh, India during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1527), and continued to develop under the Mughal Empire (1526–1858). Urdu is mutually intelligible with Standard Hindi (or Hindi-Urdu) spoken in India. Both languages share the same Indic base and are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be one language. The combined population of Hindi and Urdu speakers is the fourth largest in the world.
Urdu
ourdou
urdu
Lingua urdu
Língua urdu
Ourdou
The Uru language, also known as Iru-Itu (after one of the Uru tribes), Morato, or Muratu, is the language of the Uros, an Amerindian people. In the year 2000 it had 2 remaining native speakers out of an ethnic group of 100 to 150 people in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, the rest having shifted to Spanish and Aymara. The language is close enough to the Chipaya language to sometimes be considered a dialect of that language.
Idioma uru
Uru
Uru language
Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it became extinct. Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
Uradhi
Yinwum dialect
Liujiang Zhuang
Zhuang, Liujiang
Urigina
Urhobo is one of the Edoid languages and is spoken by the Urhobo people of southern Nigeria.
Urhobo
Urhobo language
Urim is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Kalp; dialects are Kukwo, Yangkolen.
Urim
Urim language
Urak Lawoi'
Urali
Urapmin is a language spoken by the Urapmin people in Papua New Guinea.
Urapmin
Urapmin language
Uruangnirin
Ura (Uramät) is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Uramät is the autonym of the people.
Ura
Ura (Papua New Guinea)
Ura language
Malay (individual language)
Uru-Pa-In
Löyöp
Lehalurup
Urat (Wasep, Wusyep) is a Torricelli language spoken by a decreasing number of people in Papua New Guinea.
Urat
Urat language
Urumi
Uruava is an extinct Austronesian language formerly spoken in southeast Bougainville, Papua New Guinea.
Uruava
Uruava language
Sop (also Sob, Usino) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea by approximately 2,500 people.
Sop
Sop language
Urimo
Orya (Oria, or erroneously Uria) is a Papuan language spoken in Indonesia. Warpok is the Nimboran name.
Orya
Orya language
Lianshan Zhuang
Zhuang, Lianshan
Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
Usarufa (Uturupa) is a Kainantu language spoken by the people of the same name in Papua New Guinea. It belongs to the Gauwa branch of the Kainantu family of the Kainantu–Goroka languages. Its ISO 639 code is usa.
Usarufa
Usarufa language
Ushoji (also spelled Ushojo) is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Ushoji
Ushojo
Usui
Usaghade
The Uspanteko (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to Kiche. It is spoken in the Uspantán and Playa Grande Ixcán municipios, in the Department El Quiché. It is also one of only three Mayan languages to have developed contrastive tone (the others being Yukatek and one dialect of Tzotzil). It distinguishes between vowels with high tone and vowels with low tone.
Idioma uspanteco
Língua uspanteca
Uspanteco
Uspanteko
Uspantek language
Uya
Yongnan Zhuang
Zhuang, Yongnan
Otank
Liuqian Zhuang
Zhuang, Liuqian
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute , Southern Paiute , and Ute-Southern Paiute or Southern Paiute-Ute), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (of which San Juan and Kaibab are subdialects), and Ute (in northern and southern dialects). According to the Ethnologue, there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River in 1990, or ca. 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000.
Idioma ute
Ute-Southern Paiute
Colorado River Numic language
Amba (Solomon Islands)
Etulo (Utur) is an Idomoid language of central Nigeria.
Etulo
Etulo language
Utu
Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in diaspora communities worldwide. The Urum language is often considered a variant of the Crimean Tatar language.
Idioma urrumano
Urum
Urum language
Pazeh (also spelled Pazih) is the language of the Pazeh, a Taiwanese aboriginal people). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian languages language family. Kulun was a dialect. There was only one remaining native speaker of Pazeh proper, 96-year-old Pan Jin-yu. Since her death, however, the language is extinct. Pan Jin-yu offered Pazeh classes to about 200 regular students in Puli and there were also fewer students in Miaoli and Taichung.
Kulon-Pazeh
Lingua Pazeh
Pazeh
Pazeh language
Ura (Vanuatu)
The U language is spoken by 40,000 people in the Yunnan province of China and possibly Burma. It is classified as a Mon–Khmer language in the Palaungic branch.
U language
Manda (Australia)
West Uvean (also Uvean or Faga Ouvéa; Fagauvea in the vernacular) is a Polynesian outlier language spoken on the island of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty island group of New Caledonia. It has long been in contact with Iaai, the other Oceanic language spoken on the same island.
Fagauvea
Westuveanische Sprache
Uvean, West
West Uvean
West Uvean language
Uri
Lote (also known as Lohote) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 6,000 people who live around Cape Dampier on the south coast of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. The language was earlier known as Uvol, after the name of a local river where the first wharf and later airstrip were built.
Lote
Lote language
Kugu-Uwanh is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Kugu-Uwanh people. It is closely related to the other Kugu-Muminh languages, and more distantly to the Wik languages. As of 1981 there were 40 speakers.
Kuku-Uwanh
Gugu Uwanh dialect
Doko-Uyanga
Uzbek (Ozbek tili or Ozbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили or Ўзбекча in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك تیلی in Arabic script) is a Turkic language and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 25.5 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia. Uzbek belongs to the southeastern Turkic or Uyghur family of Turkic languages, and consequently its lexicon and grammar are most closely linked to the Uyghur language, while other influences rose from Persian, Arabic and Russian.
Idioma uzbeko
Lingua usbeca
Língua uzbeque
Ouzbek
Usbekische Sprache
Uzbek
Uzbek language
ouszbek
Northern Uzbek is a Turkic language spoken in Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China.
Usbekisch
ouzbek
usbeco
usbeque
uzbeko
Northern Uzbek
Northern Uzbek language
Uzbek, Northern
Southern Uzbek is a Turkic language spoken in Faryab Province in north Afghanistan and by a small refugee community in Turkey.
Southern Uzbek
Southern Uzbek language
Uzbek, Southern
Zimba is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is not closely related to other languages, unless the divergent dialects Kwange and Mamba (Kyenyemamba) are considered separate languages.
Zimba
Zimba language
Vaagri Booli
Vale is a minor Central Sudanic language of CAR. Tana (Tele) dialect is divergent and may be a distinct language.
Vale
Vale language
Vafsi,(in Persian: وفسی)(in vafsi: ووسی) is an Iranian language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran. Vafsi belongs to a branch of Iranian languages called the Central Dialects. Vafsi forms a passage from the Central Dialects to the north-western Iranian languages.
Vafsi
Vafsi language
Vagla
Vocabulary and Grammar
Varhadi-Nagpuri
Varhadi dialect
The Vai language, alternately called Vy or Gallinas, is a Mande language, spoken by roughly 104,000 in Liberia and by smaller populations, some 15,500, in Sierra Leone. and independently by Rev. Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle, a Sierra Leone agent of the Church Mission Society of London.
Vai
vai
vaï
Idioma vai
Vai language
Vai-Sprache
Vaï
Vasekela Bushman
Vehes
Vanimo (Wanimo, Manimo) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea.
Vanimo
Vanimo language
Valman is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Valman
Valman language
Vao is an Austronesian language of the Oceanic branch spoken by about 1,900 people on Vao Island and on the nearby shores of Malakula Island, Vanuatu.
Vao
Vao language
Margany
Vaiphei is a Kukish language of India.
Vaiphei
Vaiphei language
Huarijio (properly spelled Huarijío in Spanish, also spelled Guarijío, Varihío, and Warihío) is an Uto-Aztecan language of the states of Chihuahua and Sonora in northwestern Mexico. It is spoken by around 5,000 people, most of whom are monolinguals.
Guarijio
Huarijio
Idioma guarijío
Huarijio language
Vasavi
Vanuma (Bvanuma), or South Nyali, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is lexically similar to Ndaka and Budu, Mbo, and Nyali.
Vanuma
Vanuma language
Varli
Wayu, Vayu, or Hayu is a language spoken by about 1740 people in the Janakpur Zone of Nepal.
Wayu
Wayu language
Southeast Babar
Babar, Southeast
Maridan
Southwestern Bontok
Bontok, Southwestern
Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken as a native language by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where of five million inhabitants almost all can understand it. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Istria and some towns of Dalmatia, an area of six to seven million people. The language is called vèneto or vènet in Venetian, veneto in Italian; the variant spoken in Venice is called venexiàn/venesiàn or veneziano, respectively. Although referred to as an Italian dialect (diałeto dialetto) even by its speakers, like other Italian dialects it is a sister language of the national language, not a variety or derivative of it. Venetan (and Venetian proper, the language of Venice) display structural and lexical differences from Italian. Typologically, Venetian is clearly distinct from the Romance languages spoken in North Western Italy, the Gallo-Italic languages.
Idioma véneto
Lingua veneta
Língua vêneta
Venetian
Vénitien
Venetian language
The Vedda language is the language of the indigenous Vedda people of Sri Lanka. But communities, such as Coast Veddas and Anuradhapura Veddas, that do not strictly identify themselves as Veddas also use the Vedda language in part for communication during hunting and or for religious chants, throughout the island.
Veddah
Vedda language
Veluws is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect which is spoken on the Veluwe. Veluws is usually divided into two main dialects, West-Veluws (West Veluws) and Oost-Veluws (East Veluws), these two dialects are reasonably similar but differ in grammar. For example: in Oost-Veluws they say ie warkt/wärkt (you are working) and in West-Veluws jie warken/waarken (you are working).
Veluws
Vemgo-Mabas is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria. Dialects are Vemgo, Mabas, and, in Nigeria, Visik.
Vemgo-Mabas
Vemgo-Mabas language
Venda, also known as or , is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa. The majority of Venda speakers live in the northern part of South Africa's Limpopo Province, but about 10% of speakers live in Zimbabwe. The Venda language is related to Kalanga (Western Shona, different from Shona, official language of Zimambwe) which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe. During the Apartheid era of South Africa, the bantustan of Venda was set up to cover the Venda speakers of South Africa.
Tshivenda
Venda
venda
Idioma venda
Lingua venda
Língua venda
Venda language
Venda-Sprache
Ventureño is a member of the extinct Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages previously spoken by the Chumash people along the coastal areas of Southern California from as far north as San Luis Obispo to as far south as Malibu. Ventureño was spoken from as far north as present-day Ventura to as far south as present-day Malibu and the Simi Hills, California.
Chumash ventureño
Idioma ventureño
Ventureño
Ventureño language
Mangerr (Mangerei, Mangeri, Mengerrdji, Mennagi) or Giimbiyu is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language.
Mangerr
Mangerr language
The Veps language (also known as Vepsian, natively as vepsän kel’, vepsän keli, or vepsä), spoken by the Vepsians (also known as Veps), belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages. Closely related to Finnish and Karelian, Veps is also written using Latin script.
Lingua vepsa
Língua vepes
Veps
Vepse
Vepsio
Wepsische Sprache
Veps language
The Vere language (Verre, Were), also known as Kobo or Mom Jango, is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages. It is spoken across the northern Nigerian–Cameroonian border.
Mom Jango
Vere language
Vaghri
Flemish Sign Language (Vlaamse Gebarentaal or VGT, previously known as Belgian Sign Language, which included also the divergent dialect known as Walloon or French Belgian Sign Language) is the language used by signers in Flanders, which is the northern part of Belgium, a country in Western Europe. The Flemish Deaf community is estimated to include approximately 6,000 sign language users (Loots et al., 2003).
Vlaamse Gebarentaal
Flemish Sign Language
Virgin Islands Creole, or Virgin Islands Creole English, is an English-based creole spoken in the Virgin Islands and the nearby SSS islands of Saba, Saint Martin and Sint Eustatius, where it has been known as Netherlands Antilles Creole English.
Virgin Islands Creole
Creole English, Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Creole English
Vidunda
Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ ) is the national and official language of Vietnam. It is the mother tongue of Vietnamese people (Kinh), and of about three million overseas Vietnamese. It is also spoken as a second language or a first language by many ethnic minorities of Vietnam. It is part of the Austro-Asiatic language family, of which it has the most speakers by a significant margin (several times larger than the other Austro-Asiatic languages put together). Much of Vietnamese vocabulary has been borrowed from Chinese, and it was formerly written using the Chinese writing system, albeit in a modified format and was given vernacular pronunciation. As a byproduct of French colonial rule, the language displays some influence from French, and the Vietnamese alphabet (quốc ngữ) in use today is a Latin alphabet with additional diacritics for tones and certain vowels and consonants.
Vietnamese
Vietnamesisch
Vietnamien
vietnamita
Idioma vietnamita
Lingua vietnamita
Língua vietnamita
Vietnamese language
Vietnamesische Sprache
vietnamien
:Not to be confused with Vili (Ibhili) Vili (Civili) is a Bantu language of Congo and Gabon.
Vili
Vili language
Vyemo or Viemo, Vige, Vigué, Vigye, is a language of Burkina Faso, formerly linked with the Gur languages, that is currently of uncertain affiliation.
Viemo
Vyemo language
Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí) is a nearly extinct language which is only spoken in the Resistencia province of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte Waqha speakers.
Vilela
Vilela language
Vinza
Mfinu
Vishavan
Viti
Iduna
Kariyarra
Ija-Zuba
The Kujargé language is spoken in seven villages in Chad near Jebel Mirra and in Sudan in villages scattered along the lower Wadi Salih and Wadi Azum. It is estimated to have about 1000 speakers . The name is derived from Sudanese Arabic kujur "sorcerer", because of their reputation for witchcraft. The speakers mainly live by hunting and gathering.
Kujarge
Kujargé language
Kaur
Marti Ke
Kulisusu
Kamakan
Kodeoha
Korlai Indo-Portuguese is the language of some 1,000 Christians in an isolated area around the village of Korlai in Raigad District of Maharashtra state, India. More commonly, the language is known as Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or No Ling ("our language" in the language itself).
Crioulo de Korlai
Kristi language
Creole Portuguese, Korlai
Korlai Creole Portuguese
Tenggarong Kutai Malay
Malay, Tenggarong Kutai
Kurrama is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Ngayarda languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Kurrama
Kurrama language
Zyphe (also Zophei, Zoptei, Vawngtu) is a Tibeto-Burman language originating in Burma and also spoken in India. It is spoken by 17,000 Burmese and 3,000 Indians.
Zyphe
Chin, Zyphe
Zyphe Chin
Zyphe language
Valpei
Makolkol is an extinct Papuan language formerly spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Makolkol
Makolkol language
In English usage, Flemish (Dutch: Vlaams ) can refer to # Belgian Dutch (Belgisch-Nederlands ), the national variety of the Dutch language as spoken in Belgium, be it standard (as used in schools, government and the media) or informal (as used in daily speech, "tussentaal " []); Nevertheless, the use of the word "Flemish" to refer to the official language in Flanders is misleading. The only official language in Flanders is Dutch. # East Flemish, West Flemish and French Flemish which are interrelated southwestern dialects of Dutch.
Flamand
Flämische Dialekte
Idioma flamenco
Lingua fiamminga
Língua flamenga
Vlaams
Flemish language
Martuthunira is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, that was the traditional language of the Martuthunira people of Western Australia.
Lingua martuthunira
Martuthunira
Martuyhunira
Martuthunira language
Mbabaram is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of north Queensland. It was the traditional language of the Mbabaram tribe. Known speakers were Albert Bennett, Alick Chalk, Jimmy Taylor and Mick Burns. Recordings of Bennett and Chalk are held in the Audiovisual Archive of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. R. M. W. Dixon described his hunt for a native speaker of Mbabaram in his book Searching for Aboriginal Languages: Memoirs of a Field Worker. Most of what is known of the language is from Dixon's field research with Bennett.
Mbabaram
Barbaram
Mbabaram language
Juxtlahuaca Mixtec
Mixtec, Juxtlahuaca
Mudu Koraga
Koraga, Mudu
East Masela
Masela, East
Main-Franconian is group of Central German dialects being part of the East Franconian group. The name is derived from the river Main which meets the river Rhine near Frankfurt after having crossed the former West Germany from East to West. The dialect is estimated by Ethnologue as 40% intelligible with Standard German.
Mainfränkisch
Mainfränkische Dialekte
Main-Franconian
Minigir is spoken by a small number of the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. It is often referred to in the linguistics literature as the Tolai "dialect" with an /s/. However, it is not one of the Patpatar–Tolai languages.
Lungalunga
Minigir language
Maraghei
Miwa
Ixtayutla Mixtec
Mixtec, Ixtayutla
The Negeri Sembilan Malay is an Austronesian language, spoken by the people of Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. It is closely related to the Minangkabau language of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Negeri Sembilan Malay
Negeri Sembilan Malay language
The Makhuwa-Shirima language is a Bantu language spoken by half a million Makua people in Mozambique.
Chirima
Makhuwa-Shirima
Makhuwa-Shirima language
Malgana is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is considered a member of the Kartu group of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of languages.
Malgana
Malgana language
Mitlatongo Mixtec
Mixtec, Mitlatongo
Soyaltepec Mazatec
Mazatec, Soyaltepec
Soyaltepec Mixtec
Mixtec, Soyaltepec
Marenje
Moksela
Muluridyi
Chico (also Valley Maidu) is an extinct Maiduan language formerly spoken by Maidu peoples who lived in Northern California, between Sacramento and the Sierra foothills.
Valley Maidu
Chico language
Maidu, Valley
The Makhuwa language (also spelled Makua and Macua) is a Bantu language spoken by 3 million Makua people, who live north of the Zambezi River in Mozambique, particularly in the province of Nampula. It is the largest indigenous language of Mozambique.
Língua macua
Makhuwa
Makua
Makhuwa language
Tamazola Mixtec
Mixtec, Tamazola
Maridjabin
Ayautla Mazatec
Mazatec, Ayautla
Mazatlán Mazatec
Mazatec, Mazatlán
Vano
Lovono
Neve'ei
Vinmavis
Vunapu
Volapük (pronounced , , also Volapuk) is a constructed language, created in 1879–1880 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Roman Catholic priest in Baden, Germany. Schleyer felt that God had told him in a dream to create an international language. Volapük conventions took place in 1884 (Friedrichshafen), 1887 (Munich) and 1889 (Paris). The first two conventions used German, and the last conference used only Volapük. In 1889, there were an estimated 283 clubs, 25 periodicals in or about Volapük, and 316 textbooks in 25 languages. In 2000, it was estimated that there were 20–30 Volapük speakers in the world; As of October 2011, the Volapük Wikipedia had the 35th highest count of Wikipedia articles with approximately articles. Volapük was largely displaced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, specifically by Esperanto, Ido and Interlingua; all three have fewer distinct vowels, and are easier for English and Spanish speakers to pronounce.
Volapuque
Volapük
volapük
volapuk
volapuque
Voro (Vɔrɔ, Bena, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Woro, Yungur) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
Voro
Voro language
Mandandanyi
Votic or Votian (vađđa ceeli or maa ceeli – also written vaďďa tšeeli, maatšeeli ) is the language spoken by the Votes of Ingria. It is closely related to Estonian and belongs to the Finnic subgroup of Uralic languages. Votic is spoken only in Krakolye and Luzhitsy, two villages in the Kingisepp district, and is close to extinction. In 1989 there were 62 speakers left, the youngest born in 1938. In its 24 December 2005 issue, The Economist wrote that there are only approximately 20 speakers left. Some linguists have claimed that Votic is actually a dialect of Estonian.
Votic
Wotisch
vote
votic
voto
vótico
Lingua votica
Língua vótica
Vote
Votic language
Wotische Sprache
Vera'a
The Võro language (, ) is a language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. Traditionally it has been considered a dialect of the South Estonian dialect group of the Estonian language, but nowadays it has its own literary language and is in search of official recognition as an autochthonous regional language of Estonia. Võro has about 70,000 speakers (Võros) mostly in south-eastern Estonia, in the eight parishes of historical Võru County: Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä, and Vahtsõliina. These parishes are currently centered (due to redistricting) in Võru and Põlva counties with parts extending into Valga and Tartu counties. Speakers can also be found in the towns of Tallinn, Tartu and the rest of Estonia.
Idioma võro
Lingua võro
Língua võro
Võro
Võro language
Varisi
Burmbar
Banam Bay
Moldova Sign Language
Venezuelan Sign language or VSL (Lengua de señas venezolana or LSV) is the national deaf sign language of Venezuela. The term, "Venezuelan Sign Language," began to be used in the 1930s. It is widely used, and Venezuela has a national bilingual education program for VSL and Spanish, though the language used by adults differs from that of the classroom. There is a large VSL dictionary published by the Federación Venezolana de Sordos. VSL has been used in schools since 1937.
Lengua de señas venezolana
Língua de Sinais Venezuelana
Venezuelan Sign Language
Matngele or Madngele is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of the Northern Territory.
Madngele
Matngele language
Valencian Sign Language (; ) is a sign language used by deaf people in the Valencian Community, Spain. Some linguists consider LSV, Spanish Sign Language (LSE) and Catalan Sign Language (LSC) as variants related to a language group, while others believe it is a dialect of the latter. The vocabulary of LSV is 72% similar to that of LSE, so some linguists maintain that the former is unique enough to have its own grammar, as is the case with Catalan Sign Language (LSC). Organisations like FESORD, which work with the hearing-impaired in Valencia have not yet expressed their views on this matter but they do refer to LSV as Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana (Sign Language of the Community of Valencia). Valencia (which is the first Spanish autonomous community to support the use of sign language in the Statute of Autonomy), does not mention specifically which sign language is to be used officially. The use of LSV in Valencia has, however, diminished and is restricted to administrative communications and occasional usage in the media.
Lengua de signos valenciana
Valencian Sign Language
Llengua de signes valenciana
Valencian Sign language
Vitou
Vumbu
The Vunjo language, or Kiwunjo, is a Bantu language, spoken mainly in Tanzania and by some over the border in Kenya, by approximately 300,000 Chaga people(1992 UBS). It is spoken in the Chaga area of the Kilimanjaro region. Vunjo is closely related to the other Chaga languages Rombo, Moshi, and Machame languages, with which it is said to form a dialect continuum.
Vunjo
kivunyo
vunjo
Língua kivunjo
Vunjo language
Vute is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon, with a thousand speakers in Nigeria.
Vute
Wute
Vute language
Awa (China)
Walla Walla
Wab is an Austronesian language spoken by about 120 people in the coastal villages of Wab and Saui, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Wab
Wab language
Upper Chinook, also known as Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, and Wasco-Wishram after its only living dialect, is a highly endangered language of the US Pacific Northwest. It had 69 speakers as of 1990, of which 7 were monolingual: five Wasco and two Wishram. It is the last living Chinookan language.
Wasco-Wishram
Upper Chinook language
Wandamen
The Walser language , also known as Walliser German (locally Wallisertiitsch), is a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in Walser settlements in parts of Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, and Austria and in the German-speaking part of the Canton of Wallis , in the uppermost Rhône valley.
Walliserdeutsch
Walser
walser
Haut-valaisan
Idioma walser
Walser German
Marimanindji
Wakoná is an extinct unclassified language of eastern Brazil. The dispersed ethnic population numbered an estimated 500 to 1,000 in 1995.
Wakoná
Wakoná language
Wa'ema
Watubela
Wares
Waffa
Wolaytta is an Omotic language spoken in the Wolaita Zone and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia. The number of speakers of this language is estimated at 2,000,000 (1991 UBS); it is the native language of the Welayta people. The estimates of the population vary greatly because it is not agreed where the boundaries of the language are.
Walamo
Wolaytta
walamo
Idioma welayta
Walamo-Sprache
Wolaitta
Wolaytta language
The Massachusett language was a Native American language, a member of the Algonquian language family. It is also known as Wôpanâak (Wampanoag), Natick, and Pokanoket.
Massachusett
Wampanoag
Massachusett language
Mbangwe
Wan, or Nwa, is a Mande language of Ivory Coast. Dialects are Miamu and Kemu.
Wan
Wan language
Wappo is an extinct language that was spoken in the Alexander Valley north of San Francisco by the Wappo Native Americans. The last fluent speaker, Laura Fish Somersal, died in 1990. Wappo's language death is attributed to the use of English in schools and economic situations such as the workplace. According to Somersal, the name for the people and language is derived from the Spanish word guapo, meaning "handsome" or "brave". The name for the people was originally Ashochimi.
Idioma wappo
Wappo
Wappo language
Wapishana (Wapixana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil.
Wapishana
Wapishana language
Wagiman (also spelled Wageman, Wakiman, Wogeman, Wakaman) is a near-extinct indigenous Australian language spoken by fewer than 10 people in and around Pine Creek, in the Katherine Region of the Northern Territory.
Wageman
Wagiman language
Wáray-Wáray (commonly spelled as Warai; also referred to as Winarai or Lineyte-Samarnon) or Samarnon is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, and in some parts of the Leyte and Biliran in the Philippines. The name comes from the word often heard by non-speakers, "waray" (meaning "none", "nothing" or "not"), in the same way that Cebuanos are known in Leyte as "mga Kana" (after the oft-heard word "kana", meaning "that", among people speaking the Cebuano language).
waray
Idioma samareño
Lingua waray-waray
Língua waray-waray
Waray (Philippines)
Waray-Waray
Waray-Waray language
Waray-waray
Wáray-Wáray
The Washo language (Washo: wá:šiw ʔítlu) (also Washoe) is an endangered Native American language isolate spoken by the Washo on the California–Nevada border in the drainages of the Truckee and Carson Rivers, especially around Lake Tahoe. While there are very few speakers of Washo today (only 10 according to some; 252 according to the 2000 US Census ), there are Washo-language programs aimed at increasing the number of proficient speakers. The speakers of Washo at the end of the twentieth century included 64 individuals between the ages of 5 and 17, 4 of whom have limited English proficiency. The language has borrowed from the neighboring Uto-Aztecan, Maiduan and Miwokan languages and is connected to both the Great Basin and California sprachbunds.
Washo
Washoe
washo
Idioma washo
Washo language
Washo-Sprache
Kaninuwa
Molo (Malkan) is a moribund Nilo-Saharan language spoken by a few of the Molo people of Sudan.
Molo
Molo language
Waurá (Wauja) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. It is "somewhat intelligible" with Mehináku (Ethnologue 2009).
Waurá
Waurá language
Waka
Waiwai (Uaiuai, Uaieue, Ouayeone) is a Cariban language of Brazil, with a couple hundred speakers in Guiana. Katawian dialect has been listed as a separate language (Voegelin 1977).
Waiwai
Waiwai language
Marangis Watam is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. Like Bosmun, t shares a number of irregular plural markers with the Lower Sepik languages, supporting the proposal of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family.
Watam
Marangis
Marangis language
Wayana
Wampur
Warao (also known as Guarauno, Guarao, Warrau) is a language isolate of the indigenous Warao people. It is the native language spoken by approximately 18,000 people inhabiting the Orinoco River delta in northeastern Venezuela as well as small populations of speakers in western Guyana and Suriname. A connection to the extinct Timucua language of Florida has been proposed but is not accepted. It is claimed that the word order of Warao is object–subject–verb.
Idioma warao
Warao
Warao language
Wabo
Waritai
Wara (Ouara, Ouala) is a Niger–Congo language of Burkina. Dialects are Negueni–Klani, Ouatourou–Niasogoni, Soulani, Faniagara. Niasogoni speakers have difficulty with Negueni, but not vice versa.
Wara
Wara language
Wanda
Mpuono, or Mpuun, is a Bantu language spoken by several hundred thousand people in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Dialects include Mpuono, Mpuun (Mbuun, Kimbuun, Mbunda, Gimbunda). The language is similar to the Yansi language.
Mpuono
Mpuono language
Wanji, or Vwanji, is a Bantu language of Tanzania.
Vwanji
Vwanji language
Alagwa is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma region. Some Alagwa have shifted to other languages such as Sandawe.
Alagwa
Alagwa language
Waigali is a language spoken by the Kalasha of the Waigal Valley in Afghanistans Nuristan Province. The native name is Kalaṣa-alâ Kalasha-language'. "Waigali" refers to the dialect of the Väy people of the upper part of the Waigal Valley, centered on the town of Waigal, which is distinct from the dialect of the Čima-Nišei people who inhabit the lower valley. The word "Kalasha" is the native ethnonym for all the speakers of the southern Nuristani languages.
Waigali
Waigali language
Wakhi is an Indo-European language in the branch of Eastern Iranian language family and is intimately related to other Southeastern Iranian languages in the Pamir languages group.
Língua wakhi
Wakhi
Wakhi language
The Warlpiri language is spoken by about 3000 of the Warlpiri people in Australia's Northern Territory. It is one of the Ngarrkic languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family, and is one of the largest aboriginal languages in Australia in terms of number of speakers.
Idioma warlpiri
Lingua warlpiri
Língua warlpiri
Warlpiri
Warlpiri language
Waddar
The Wagdi language is one of the Bhil languages of India, and is mutually intelligible with Bhili (Bhil proper).
Wagdi
Wagdi language
Wanman
Wajarri is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Kartu languages of the large Southwest branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Wajarri
Wajarri language
Woi is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia.
Woi
Woi language
Yanomámi
Mituku is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Mituku
Mituku language
Waci (Ouatchi) is a Gbe language of Togo and Benin.
Waci
Waci Gbe
Gbe, Waci
Waci language
Wandji
Wadaginam is a divergent Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea.
Wadaginam
Wadaginam language
Patjtjamalh (Kandjerramalh, Pungupungu, Kuwama) and Wadjiginy (Wagaydy, Wogaity) are dialects of an Australian Aboriginal language of uncertain classification.
Wadjiginy
Wadjiginy language
Wadikali
Wadjigu
Wadjabangayi
Wewaw
Wè Western
Wedau
Wergaia
Maranunggu (Emmi, Merranunggu, Warrgat) is an Australian Aboriginal language.
Maranunggu
Maranunggu language
Weh
Kiunum
Weme Gbe
Gbe, Weme
Wemale
Westphalian is one of the major dialect groups of West Low German. Its most salient feature is the diphthongization (rising diphthongs). For example, speakers say iEten instead of Eːten for eat. (There is also a difference in the use of consonants within the Westphalian dialects: North of the Wiehengebirge, people tend to speak unvoiced consonants, south of the Wiehengebirge they speak voiced consonants, e.g. Foite Foide.) The Westphalian dialect region includes the north-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, i.e. the former Prussian province of Westphalia, without Siegerland and Wittgenstein, but including the southern part of former government district Weser-Ems (e.g. the region around Osnabrück and the landscape of Emsland).
Westfälische Dialekte
Westphalien
Westphalian language
Weri
Cameroonian Pidgin English, or Cameroonian Creole, is a language variety of Cameroon. It is also known as Kamtok (from Cameroon-talk). Five varieties are currently recognised:
Cameroon Pidgin
Kamtok
Cameroonian Pidgin English
Pidgin, Cameroon
Wetarese (Atauru, Adabe) is the language of Wetar, an island in the south Maluku, Indonesia, as well as the nearby islands Liran and Atauro, the latter belonging to East Timor.
Perai
Wetar
Wetarese languages
Rawngtu Chin
Chin, Rawngtu
Wejewa
Yafi
Zorop
Mbesa
Wagaya
Wagawaga
Wangganguru
Wahgi
Waigeo
Wirangu
Warrgamay
Maringarr
Manusela
North Wahgi
Wahgi, North
Wahau Kenyah
Kenyah, Wahau
Wahau Kayan
Kayan, Wahau
Southern Toussian
Toussian, Southern
Wichita is a moribund Caddoan language spoken in Oklahoma by the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. Only one fluent speaker remains, Doris McLemore, although in 2007 there were only three first language learners still alive. Wichita could soon become extinct, however, the tribe offers classes to revitalize the language and works in partnership with Wichita Documentation Project of the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Idioma wichita
Lingua wichita
Wichita
Wichita language
Wik-Epa
Muruwari (also Muruwarri, Murawari, Murawarri) is an Australian Aboriginal language.
Muruwari
Muruwari language
Wik-Keyangan
Wik-Ngathan is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Ngathan people. It is closely related to the other Wik-Ngathan language, Wik-Ngatharr and more distantly to the Wik languages. As of 1981 there were 130 speakers.
Wik-Ngathana
Wik-Ngathan language
Wik-Me'anha
Minidien
Wik-Iiyanh
Wik-Ngatharr is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Ngatharr people. It is closely related to the other Wik-Ngathan, Wik-Ngathan and more distantly to the Wik languages. As of 1981 there were 86 speakers.
Wikalkan
Wik-Ngatharr language
Wilawila
Wik-Mungknh, also often called Wik-Mungkan, is a Paman language spoken on the northern part of Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Mungknh people. It is closely related to the other Wik-Mungknh language, Wik-Iiyanh, and more distantly to the Wik languages. As of 1996 there were 480 speakers of the languages, and another 600 speakers who had Wik-Mungknh as their second language.
Wik-Mungkan
Wik-Mungknh language
The Winnebago language is the language of the Ho-Chunk (or Winnebago) tribe of Native Americans in the United States. The language is part of the Siouan language family, and is closely related to the languages of the Iowa, Missouri, and Oto. The language can be written using the "Pa-Pe-Pi-Po" syllabics, although as of 1994 the official orthography of the Ho-Chunk Nation is an adaptation of the Roman alphabet. Although the language is highly endangered, there are currently vigorous efforts underway to keep it alive, primarily through the Hocąk Wazija Haci Language Division.
Ho-Chunk
Lingua winnebago
Winnebago
Winnebago language
Wiraféd
Wintu is an endangered Wintuan language spoken by the Wintu people of Northern California. Wintu is the northernmost member of the Wintun family of languages. The Wintun family of languages was spoken in the Sacramento River Valley and in adjacent areas up to the Cardinez Strait of San Francisco Bay. Wintun is a branch of the Penutian stock of languages of western North America, more closely related to four other families of Penutian languages spoken in California: Maiduan, Miwokan, Yokuts, and Costanoan.
Wintu language
Mbariman-Gudhinma
Wiru or Witu is the language spoken by the Wiru people of Ialibu-Pangia District of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. It is a language isolate within the family of Trans–New Guinea languages.
Wiru
Wiru language
Vitu (also spelled Witu or Vittu) or Muduapa is an Oceanic language spoken by about 7,000 people on the islands northwest of the coast of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea.
Vitu
Vitu language
Wiyot (also Wishosk) is an extinct Algic language, formerly spoken by the Wiyot people of Humboldt Bay, California. The language's last native speaker, Della Prince, died in 1962. Some Wiyots are attempting a revival of the language.
Idioma wiyot
Wiyot
Wiyot language
Waja, also known as Nyan Wiyau, Wiyaa, or Wuya, is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria. Dialectical differences between Deruwo (Wajan Dutse) and Waja proper (Wajan Kasa) are slight.
Waja
Waja language
Warji is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Speakers are shifting to Hausa.
Warji
Warji language
Kwadza (Qwadza) is an extinct Afroasiatic language formerly spoken in Tanzania in the Mbulu District. The last speaker died sometime between 1976 and 1999. It is poorly attested, and apart from perhaps being close to Aasax, its classification is not certain; although it has a large number of identifiably Cushitic roots, the numerals itame one and bea ~ mbɛa two, for example, suggest a connection with Hadza.
Kw'adza
Kw'adza language
Kumbaran
The Mbo language (or Imbo, Kimbo) is spoken by the Mbo people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As of 1994 there were about 11,000 speakers. It is lexically similar to the Ndaka and Budu, Vanuma and Nyali languages.
Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Wakde
Kalanadi
Kunduvadi
Wakawaka
Wangkayutyuru
Walio
Mwali Comorian
Comorian, Mwali
Wolane
Gunbarlang (Kunbarlang) is an Australian Aboriginal language in northern Australia.
Kunbarlang
Gunbarlang language
Waioli is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia.
Waioli
Waioli language
Wailaki is an extinct Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock).
Wailaki
Wailaki language
Wali
Wali (Sudan)
Bomitaba
Middle Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh.
Galês médio
Lingua medio gallese
Middle Welsh
Welsh, Middle
Walloon (Walon in Walloon) is a Romance language which was spoken as a primary language in large portions (70%) of the Walloon Region of Belgium and some villages of Northern France (near Givet) until the middle of the 20th century. It belongs to the langue d'oïl language family, whose most prominent member is the French language. The historical background of its formation was the territorial extension since 980 of the Principality of Liège to the south and west.
Wallon
Wallonisch
Walloon
vallone
valão
valón
Idioma valón
Lingua vallone
Língua valona
Wallonische Sprache
Walloon language
wallon
Wolio is an Austronesian language spoken in Bau-Bau on Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Also known as Buton, it is a trade language and the former court language of the Sultan at Baubau. Today it is an official regional language; street signs are written in Wolio using the Arabic script.
Língua wolio
Wolio
Wolio language
Wailapa
Wallisian or Uvean is the Polynesian language spoken on Wallis Island (also known as Uvea). The language is also known as East Uvean to distinguish it from the related West Uvean spoken on the outlier island of Ouvéa (near New Caledonia). Wallisian tradition holds that the latter island was colonised from Wallis Island in ancient times.
Idioma walisiano
Lingua wallisiana
Língua wallisiana
Wallisian
Wallisianische Sprache
Wallisien
Wallisian language
Wuliwuli
Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz is a Mataco-Guaicuru language.
Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz
Mariyedi
Walak
Wali (Waali, Wala) is a Gur language of Ghana that is used by neighboring peoples.
Wali (Ghana)
Wali language
Waling
Mawa is an extinct language of Nigeria. It was apparently different from a language of Chad also known as Mawa, and so is unclassified.
Mawa (Nigeria)
Wambaya is an Australian language which had 12 speakers in 1981, but which is believed to be extinct today.
Wambaya
Wambaya language
Wamas
Mamaindê is a Nambikwaran language spoken in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil, in the very north of the indigenous reserve, Terra Indígena Vale do Guaporé, between the Pardo and Cabixi Rivers. In the southern part of the reserve, speakers of Sabanê and Nambikwara are found. The number of speakers is 250, and the language is spoken by the Mamaindê people.
Mamaindé
Mamaindê language
Mbandja (Banja, Mbanza) is the largest of the Banda languages. There are 350,000 speakers in DRC, 10,000 in the Republic of Congo, and an unknown number in CAR.
Mbandja
Mbandja language
Wambule is the language of the Wambule Rai, one of the Kiranti (Nep. किरान्ती) tribes of eastern Nepal. Wambule is spoken by more than 5,000 people living around the confluence of the Sunkosi (Nep. सुनकोसी) and Dudhkosi (Nep. दूधकोसी) rivers near Kui-Bhir Hill. The Wambule-speaking area comprises the southernmost part of Okhaldhunga district, the westernmost part of Khotang district, the northernmost part of Udaypur district, and the northeasternmost part of Sindhuli district.
Wambule
Wambule language
Waimoa or Waima'a is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 3,000 people in northeast East Timor. It is reported to be mutually intelligible with Kairui-Midiki. Waimoa is one of four languages, which are united called Kawaimina.
Waima'a
Waimoa language
Wamin
Maiwa (Indonesia)
Waamwang
Wom or Wam is a Papuan language of the Torricelli language family spoken by 4,264 people in East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea.
Wom (Papua New Guinea)
Wambon is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.
Wambon
Wambon language
Walmajarri (many other names; see below) is a Southwest Pama–Nyungan language spoken in Western Australia.
Walmajarri
Walmajarri language
The Mwani language, or Kimwani (pronounced ), is spoken on the coast of the Cabo Delgado Province of Mozambique, including the Quirimbas Islands. Although it shares high lexical similarity (60%) with Swahili, it is not intelligible with it. It is spoken by around 120,000 people (including 20,000 who use it as their second language). Speakers of Kimwani also use Portuguese, (the official language of Mozambique), Swahili and Makhuwa language. Kiwibo, the dialect of the Island of Ibo is the prestige dialect. Kimwani (sometimes spelled as Quimuane) is also called Mwani (sometimes spelled as: Mwane, Muane) and Ibo. According to Anthony P. Grant : Kimwani of northern Mozambique appears to be the result of imperfect shift towards Swahili several centuries ago by speakers of Makonde.
Mwani
Mwani language
Womo
Wanambre
Wantoat, named after the Wantoat River, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Wapu (Leron), Central Wantoat, Bam, Yagawak (Kandomin).
Wantoat
Wantoat language
Warndarang (also spelled Wandarang, Wandaran) is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language in the Gunwinyguan family, formerly spoken in southern Arnhem Land, along the Gulf of Carpentaria. The last speaker was Isaac Joshua, who died in 1974, while working with the linguist Jeffrey Heath.
Wandarang
Warndarang language
Waneci
Is focus of
É foco de